Zamani Zo Mu Tafi: Al’adun Hausawa a Duniyar Intanet (Babi Na Biyar)

Citation: Sani, A-U. (2021). Zamani zo mu tafi: Al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet. [Kundin digiri na biyu da ba a wallafa ba]. Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato, Nijeriya.

ZAMANI ZO MU TAFI: AL’ADUN HAUSAWA A DUNIYAR INTANET

NA

ABU-UBAIDA SANI
Email: abuubaidasani5@gmail.com ko official@amsoshi.com
Site: www.abu-ubaida.com
WhatsApp: +2348133529736

BABI NA BIYAR
KAMMALAWA

5.0 Taƙaitawa

Samuwar kafafen intanet ya zo da wani juyin-juya-hali a kusan dukkanin al’amuran duniya. Tuni duniya ta karkata kan amfani da intanet domin gudanar da al’amuran yau da kullum. Daga ciki har da abubuwan da suka shafi:

i. Ilimi

ii. Kiwon lafiya

iii. Tattalin arziki

iv. Kasuwanci

v. Shugabanci

vi. Siyasa

Tafiya ta yi tafiya inda duniyar intanet ta kasance wata duniya ta daban da ke buƙatar wakilci. Maganar haka take musamman yayin da aka yi la’akari da Pulatoriyya inda ya nuna gaskiya iri biyu (bayyananniya da ɓoyayyiya). Dole ne a yi hoɓɓasa domin samar da ingantaccen wakilcin al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet. Da ma dai Bahaushe na da karin maganar da ke cewa: “Zamani riga,” inda Yunusa, (1989: 40) ya yi nuni cikin tambaya da cewa: “Wato ke nan idan ya zo sai kowa ya ɗauka ya sa a jikinsa?”

Manufar wannan bincike ba ta fita a kadadar nazartar al’adun Hausa a duniyar intanet ba domin gane inda aka fito da wurin da ake yanzu da kuma ƙoƙarin gyaran gobe. Domin cimma manufar ne aka duƙufa kan maƙasudai da suka haɗa da nazartar tsurar al’adun Hausawan cikin duniyar intanet. Bayan nan an nazarci ci gaba da ƙalubalen da kafafen intanet ke fuskanta. Wannan shi zai ba da damar gane tangarɗar da ake samu wajen samar da wakilci na ƙwarai na al’adun Hausawa a kafafen. A ƙarƙashin shawarwari kuwa, an mayar da hankali kan zayyano hanyoyi da matakan da ka iya taimakawa wajen bunƙasawa da yayata al’adun Hausa a duniyar intanet.

An yi amfani da hanyar ɗora aiki da kuma ra’i domin cimma manufar wannan bincike. Ko da ma Ojua, (2019: 1) ya nuna cewa ba a faye samun ra’i guda ya wadatar ga binciken da ake gudanarwa a kimiyyar zamantakewa da na mu’amala ba. Karin maganar nan ta “zamani riga” ita ke taimaka wa wannan bincike wajen nuna cewa ya kamata a yi hoɓɓasar samar da wakilcin al’adun Hausawa da bunƙasa su a zamanance. Domin tabbatar da intanet a matsayin duniya mai buƙatar wakilcin al’adu kuwa, an yi amfani da ra’in Pulatoriyya.

Masana da manazarta da dama sun gudanar da bincike a ɓangarorin ilimi da suke da dangantaka da wannan bincike. Daga ciki akwai bincike kan  (i) zamani da (ii) al’adun Hausawa da (iii) intanet. Duk da haka, ba a ci karo da wani bincike da ya nazarci al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet ba. Lura da haka, an samu hujjar ci gaba da wannan bincike. Idan binciken ya samu cimma nasara, zai kasance mai muhimmanci a ɓangarori daban daban. Zai amfani mahukunta da masana da manazarta da ɗalibai. Baya ga haka, zai kasance mai amfani ga masu gudanar da kafafen intanet na Hausa.

Binciken ya nazarci al’adun Hausawa a farfajiyar duniyar intanet. Al’adun Hausawa da aka ci karo da su sun haɗa da bayyanannu da kuma ɓoyayyu. Cikin bayyanannun al’adu akwai gine-gine da tufafi da wasanni da makamantansu. Ɓoyayyu kuwa sun haɗa da tarihi da halayya da ɗabi’u. Yayin da aka nazarci tasirin intanet kan al’ummar Hausawa da al’adunsu, sai aka tarar da cewa sun kasance hanjin jimina “akwai na ci akwai na zubarwa.” Intanet na da matuƙar amfani. Daga cikin amfaninsa akwai ba da damar sada zumunta da haɓaka Hausa da yayata ta. Yana kuma taimakawa wajen adana al’adun Hausawan. Aibin kafafen intanet ga al’ummar Hausawa sun haɗa da ɓata tarbiyya da ɓata lokaci da samar da kafar damfara da makamantansu.

Wannan bincike ya nazarci ƙalubalen da ke tattare da gudanar da kafafen intanet na Hausa musamman ta ɓangaren bunƙasa al’adun Hausawa. Bayan haka, binciken ya nazarci amsoshin da aka tattara yayin hirarraki da masu gudanar da kafafen intanet na Hausa. Bayan duk waɗannan, ya nazarci hanyoyi da matakan da za a iya ɗauka domin bunƙasa al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet.

5.1 Sakamakon Bincike

Bayan kammala wannan nazari, binciken ya gano abubuwan da suka shafi al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet. Abubuwan da wannan bincike ya gano su ne kamar haka:

1. Wannan bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, babu wani ɓangaren rayuwa a yau da zai iya ci gaba ba tare da an haɗa da intanet ba. Ko da addini da ake kallon an fara shi shekaru aru-aru kafin ɓullowar fasahar intanet, a yau ba ya ci gaba yadda ya kamata har sai an haɗa da intanet. Misali, wa’azuzzukan malaman addini na zagayawa matuƙa yayin da aka yi amfani da intanet. Wannan dalili ne ma ya sa Clement, (2020: 1) yake da ra’ayin cewa, a yau ba za a iya kwatanta duniya ba tare da intanet ba. Ma’ana dai, ba a san ma yaya duniya za ta kasance ba idan aka ce babu intanet a yau.

2. Idan har ana son ci gaban al’adun Hausawa da dauwamarsu cikin inganci, dole a auri duniyar intanet. Hakan ne zai ba da damar samar da wakilci mai inganci. Wannan ya yi daidai da faɗin Bahaushe na “zamani riga.” Bahaushe ya ƙarfafa wannan batu inda yake cewa “zamani abokin tafiya.” Masana da manazarta da ɗaliban Hausa suna mazaunin jakadun Hausa ne a duniyar zahiri. A tunani irin na Pulatoriyya, wannan wakilci ba zai cika yadda ya kamata ba har sai an samu kwatankacinsa a duniyar intanet.

3. Kafafen intanet na da matuƙar tasiri kan al’umma da al’adunsu. Masu ziyartar kafafen intanet na tasirantuwa daga rubuce-rubuce da bidiyoyi da odiyoyi da ake ɗorawa. A haka al’umma ke iya tasirantuwa da ɗaukar halaye da ɗabi’u baƙi.

4. Al’adun Hausawa tuni suka fara mamaye duniyar intanet. Kafafen intanet na Hausa ƙalilan ne yayin da aka kwatanta su da adadin ɗaukacin kafafen intanet da ake da su a duniya. Duk da haka, da zarar an bincika wani abu ta Hausa (ta amfani da injunan nema), sakamakon da ke bayyana na Hausa ne. Bugu da ƙari, kafafen intanet da za a ci karo da su na Hausa ne. A bisa haka, idan aka inganta kafafen intanet na Hausa ta ɓangaren ɗora ingantattun bayanai, lallai kwalliya za ta biya kuɗin sabulu. A babi na huɗu ƙarƙashin 4.1 an bayyana cewa kafafen intanet na Hausa sun mamaye kusan dukkanin ɓangarorin rayuwa. Akwai kafafe da suka shafi kimiyya da fasaha da waɗanda suka shafi ilimi da koyarwa da kasuwanci da al’ada da zamantakewa makamantansu.

5. Ɗumbin amfanin da intanet yake da shi, bai hana shi samun aibi ba. A ƙarƙashin 3.3 da ke babi na uku an bayyana wasu alfanun intanet. An bayyana aibinsa kuma a ƙarƙashin 3.4 da ke babi na uku.

6. Binciken ya gano cewa, akwai kafafen intanet na Hausa da ke barazana ga al’adun Hausawa. Hakan na faruwa ne kasancewar kafafen na ɗauke da kura-kurai barkatai tare da saɓa wa al’ada da addinin Bahaushe. Daga cikin koma bayan da kafafen intanet na Hausa suke ɗauke da shi akwai:

i. Suna cin karo da al’adun Hausawa

ii. Suna ɗauke da kurakurai barkatai

iii. Sukan ƙunshi bayanai marasa inganci

7. Daga ƙarshe, binciken ya fahimci cewa kafafen intanet na Hausa suna fuskantar ƙalubale matuƙa. A taƙaice, ƙalubalen sun shafi:

a. Muhallin ƙasar Hausa da ke ɗauke da ƙalubalen wutar lantarki da sabis na intanet

b. Ƙarancin tallafi da ƙarfafa guiwa daga ɓangaren masana da hukumomi

c. Yanayin tsauri da wuyar koyo da harkar intanet ke da shi

d. Ƙin karɓar sauye-sauyen rayuwa ga waɗanda abin ya shafa

e. Rashin injunan gyaran rubutun Hausa wanda hakan ke mazaunin ƙalubale ga rubuta ingantacciyar Hausa bisa tsarin ƙa’idojin rubutu

f. Rashin takamaimai hanyar rubuta baƙaƙe masu ƙugiya cikin sauƙi

g. Ƙarancin ilimin da Hausawa ke da shi kan tsarin intanet da amfani da shi

5.2 Shawarwari

A ƙarƙashin 5.2 an bayyana sakamakon wannan bincike. An zayyano sakamakon da aka tattara daga alƙaluman wannan bincike. A wannan bagire kuma (5.3) za a mayar da hankali wajen ba da shawarwari. Sun kasance shawarwari ga matsaloli da ƙalubale da binciken ya gano waɗanda ke dabaibaye da al’amuran al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet.

1. Ya kamata a samu wata haɗaka tsakanin masana harkar kwamfuta da cibiyoyi da sasukan nazarin Hausa domin tanadi mai kyau na tunkarar zamani ta fuskar intanet. Wannan zai ba da damar buɗe ingantattun kafafen intanet na Hausa waɗanda za su yi wakilcin ƙwarai ga al’adun Hausawa. Kowa a cikin tafiyar zai ba da gudummuwa irin tasa. Masana intanet za su duƙufa wajen gina nagartattun kafafen intanet na Hausa. Masana da manazarta da ɗaliban ilimi za su ci gaba da gudanar da bincike da za a riƙa sabunta bayanan kafafen a-kai-a-kai. Cibiyoyi da sasukan nazarin Hausa kuwa za su tallafa ta ɓangaren samar da abubuwan buƙata da suka shafi kuɗin gudanar da kafafen.

2. Ya kamata kowace cibiya da sashen nazarin Hausa ta mallaki kafar intanet na kanta. A cikin kafar, ta riƙa gudanar da al’amuranta tare da ɗora nau’ukan bincike da mambobinta ke gudanarwa. Abubuwan da cibiyoyi da sasukan za su riƙa ɗorawa na iya haɗawa da:

i. Sunaye da adireshin mambobi: Hakan zai ba wa masu ziyartar shafin damar tura tambayoyi ga waɗanda suka dace. Har ila yau zai ba da dama ga masu ziyartar shafin na kusa da na nesa tuntuɓar masu gudanar da cibiyoyin yayin da suke buƙatar haɗin guiwa kan wani bincike da za su gabatar.

ii. Bayani a kan cibiya ko sashe: Wannan zai taimaka wa masu ziyartar kafafen na kusa da na nesa. Yayin da suke neman waɗanda za su haɗa guiwa da su wurin bincike, kai tsaye za su tuntuɓi masu kafar. Bayan haka, zai iya sanya sha’awa ga masu ziyarar kafafen na kusa da na nesa. Bayan karanta bayanai dangane da sashe, suna iya zuwa domin karatu a sashen.

iii. Sanya bincike ko wani ɓangare na bincike da aka gudanar: Wannan zai taimaka wajen haɓaka Hausawa da yayata ta.

3. Ba za a iya hana matasa da yaran Hausawa ta’ammuli da duniyar intanet ba. Haka kuma, ba za a iya hana su tasirantuwa da abubuwan da suke cin karo da su a intanet ɗin ba. A bisa wannan dalili, mafita guda ta rage ga Hausawa. Mafitar ita ce buɗe kafafen intanet na Hausa tare da inganta su. Yayin da ya kasance ‘ya’yan Hausawa na da zaɓi, a ƙalla za a samu rangwame.

4. Kasancewar an samu kafafen intanet na Hausa masu ƙarfin tasiri a duniyar intanet, abin da ya saura shi ne ba wa masu gudanar da su ƙarfin guiwa. Bayan haka, yana da kyau a ci gaba da buɗe kafafen domin a samu inganci a ɓangaren kowace al’ada. A ƙarƙashin 4.1 da ke babi na huɗu, an kawo tsokacin Seibert, (2017: 1) da ke kan kafar intanet ɗinsa ta Hausa. Ya bayyana cewa, ya dena sabunta bayanan kafar ne samboda an samu yawaitar kafafen intanet na Hausa. Wannan na nuna cewa, idan aka samu wadatar kafafen intanet na Hausa masu inganci, za su nashe taron yu-yu-yun da ake da su, har a daina jin ɗuriyarsu baki ɗaya.

5. La’akari da amfani da kuma aibin kafafen sada zumunta, dabara ta rage ga mai shiga rijiya. Mahukunta da iyaye da masana da manazartar ya kamata su yi aikin haɗin guiwa a wannan ɓangare. Kowa ya yi bakin ƙoƙarinsa wajen tabbatar da yara masu tasowa suna amfana da alfanun intanet tare da guje wa aibinsa.

6. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙarƙashin lamba ta 4 da ke 5.3, samar da ingantattun kafafen intanet ne kawai zai ba da damar kawo gyara a duniyar intanet. Ta wannan hanyar ne za a samu kyakkyawan wakilcin al’adun Hausawa.

7. Haƙiƙa ƙalubalen da kafafen intanet na Hausa ke fuskanta abin dubawa ne. Domin samun sassauci dangane da waɗannan ƙalubale, wannan bincike ya ba da shawarwari kamar haka:

a. A samar da muhalli na musamman ga masu gudanar da kafafen intanet na Hausa. Misali, a samar da zaɓin da za a iya amfani da shi yayin da babu wuta (janareto). Haka kuma, a samar musu sabis ɗin intanet mai nagarta. Wannan na iya kasance tsare-tsaren da cibiyoyi da sasukan nazarin harsunan Nijeriya za su gudanar.

b. Kamar yadda aka bayyana a lamba ta 1 a ƙarƙashin 5.3, a samu haɗin guiwa tsakanin cibiyoyi da sasukan nazarin Hausa domin tallafa wa harkar intanet. Ta haka ne za a bunƙasa lamarin al’adun Husawa a duniyar intanet.

c. A riƙa samar da darrusa da horarwa da tarukan ƙarawa juna sani na musamman (ƙarƙashin kulawar mahukunta da aka zayyana a lamba ta 1 ƙarƙashin 5.3). Taruka da darrusa da horarwar su kasance na musamman kuma keɓaɓɓu ga waɗanda suke da rigayayyen sani kan harkar kwamfuta tare da waɗanda suka da sha’awar shiga harkar domin ba da gudummuwa.

d. Ya kamata a samu wani yunƙuri da ya shafi rubuce-rubuce da tarukan ƙarawa juna sani da za su faɗakar dangane da amfanin intanet a yau. Dole ne al’umma (musamman malamai da ɗaliban Hausa) su koyi ta’ammuli da intanet. Amfani da intanet ya kasance dole a yau. Idan Hausawa ba su yi ba, to za a musu. Yayin da wasu suka yi kuwa, gurɓatar haƙiƙanin wakilci tabbas ne. Bahaushe ya yi gaskiya da ya ce: “Sai bango ya tsage kadangare ke samun mafaka.” Sai a hana bangon tsagewa sannan a liƙe tsagon da ya soma aukuwa. Ma’ana, a samar da kafafen intanet na Hausa tare da toshe komaɗar da kafafen yanzu suka fara samarwa dangane da illoli da koma-bayansu ga al’adun Hausawa.

e. Muhammad Bello (Mai Kafar Makarantar Hausa) shi ne sanannen mutum guda da ya yi hoɓɓasar samar da injin gyaran rubutu na Hausa. Farfesa Abdalla Uba Adamu kuwa shi ne ya samar da tsarin rubuta baƙaƙe masu ƙugiya na Rabi’at da Abdalla. Yana da kyau a ƙarfafa wa ire-irensu guiwa domin samun ingantattun injunan gyaran rubutu.

f. A yanzu an kawo ƙarshen matsalar baƙaƙe masu ƙugiya tun bayan da kamfanin Microsoft ya samar da baƙaƙe masu ƙugiya na gama gari (kamar yadda aka bayyana a ƙarƙashin 3.3.7 da ke babi na uku). Abin da ya rage yansu shi ne a yaya waɗannan baƙaƙe tare da bayani game da yadda ake amfani da su.

g. Ya kamata a bi hanyoyin da suka dace na faɗakar da Hausawa game da amfani da intanet. Waɗannan hanyoyin sun haɗa da shirye-shirye a gidajen rediyo da waƙoƙi da kuma tarukan ƙara wa juna sani.

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Shehu, I. (2013). Gudummuwar Wasannin Hausa na Rediyo Wajen Bunƙasa Al’adun Hausawa: Tsokaci Daga Wasan Kwaikwayo na ‘Duniya Budurwar Wawa’ da ‘Jami’iyar Jatau Na Albarkawa.’ In Bunza, A.M. et al (eds). Excerpts of International Seminar on The Deterioration of Hausa Culture (Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa), Pp 629-644. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press Ltd.

Shehu, M. da Aliyu, L. (2019). “Tasirin Wayar Salula Wajen Gurɓata Rayuwar Hausawa a Yau.” A cikin East African Scholars Journal of Education, Humanities and Literature, Vol - 2, Issue - 12, Pp 706-711. ISSN:  2617-443X.

Shehu, M. da Rambo, R. A. (2019). “Shafin Zumunta na Was’af (Whatsapp): Tasirinsa ga Lalacewar Tarbiyyar ‘Ya’yan Hausawa.” A cikin EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 6, Pp 357-362. ISSN: 2663-0958.

Shehu, M. da Sani, A-U. (2020). “Zamantakewar Hausawa Jiya Da Yau.” An ɗauko ranar 17 ga watan Afirulu, shekarar 2020 daga https://www.amsoshi.com/2019/02/zamantakewar-hausawa-jiya-da-yau.html.  

Siddiqui, S. & Singh, T. (2016). “Social Media its Impact with Positive and Negative Aspects.” In International Journal of Computer Applications Technology and Research. Vol. 5, Issue 2, Pp. 71 - 75, ISSN:- 2319–8656.

Strickland, J. (2020). “How did the Internet Start?” Retrieved on 17th March 2020 from: https://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet/basics/internet-start.htm.

Sulaiman, A.I. (2013). Ta’addancin Fyaɗe a Finafinan Hausa: Tsokaci Kan Tasirin Finafinan Hausa ga Taɓarɓarewar Al’adu a Yau. In Bunza, A.M. da wasu (editoci). Excerpts of International Seminar on The Deterioration of Hausa Culture (Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa), Pp 731-742. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press Ltd.

Tambuwal, A. Y. (2018). “Manunin Tarbiyya a Karin Maganar Bahaushe.” Kundin digiri na biyu wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Thein, K. (2018). “Soul and Incorporeality in Plato.” In Eirene Sudia Graeca Et Latina, LIV, 2018, Pp. 53–95. Centre for Classical Studies Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague.

Tsaure, M. B. & Sani, A-U. (2016). “The National Question: Language Policy and the Quest for a Common Language in Nigeria.” Being a paper presented at the international conference of the Faculty of Arts and Islamic Studies, on The Role of the Arts on Development held at Musa Abdullahi Auditorium, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.

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Umar, B.U. (2013). Nason Zamananci Wajen Zaɓen Mijin Aure: Tsokaci a Kan Wata Addu’ar ‘Yammata Ta Cikin Wayar Salula. In Bunza, A.M. et al (eds). Excerpts of International Seminar on The Deterioration of Hausa Culture (Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa), Pp 669-684. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press Ltd.

Umar, M. M. (2012). “Nazarin Saƙon GSM a Wayar Salular Hausawa.” Kundin digiri na biyu wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Usman, B. B. da Bunza, D. B. (2020). “Fina-Finan Hausa a Mahangar Al’umma: Gyara ko Ɓarna?” A cikin East African Scholars Journal of Education, Humanities and Literature, Vol. 3, Issue 3. Shafi 52-61. ISSN: 2617-443X. DOI: 10.36349/EASJEHL.2020.v03i03.010.

Weinstein, S. (2016). “History & Technologies of the Internet.” A lecture note delivered between 22^nd September to 13^th October 2016 every on Thursdays 7:30pm – 9:00pm at WEA Community Room, Lincoln Towers University.

Wellman, B. (2001) "Physical Place and Cyber-Place: The Rise of Networked Individualism." In International Journal for Urban and Regional Research, 25: 22752.

Wellman, B. et al (2002). “Examining the Internet in Everyday Life.” Keynote address (given by Barry Wellman) to the Euricom Conference on e-Democracy, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Yahaya, S. U. (2020). “Damben Hausawa a Zamanance.” Kundin digiri na biyu da aka gabatar a matakin jarabawar cikin gida (Internal Defense) a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

'Yartsakuwa, U. D. (2017). “Zumunci a Yanar Gizo: Harshen Sadarwa Tsakanin Matasa a Shafin Whatsapp.” Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

Yunusa, Y. (1989). Hausa a Dunƙule. Kano: Triuph.

Yusuf, L.M.S. (2017). Tasirin camfe-camfen Hausawa cikin tarbiyyarsu (Na daya). An cirato ranar 20 ga watan Ogusta, shekarar 2021, daga: https://bakandamiya.com/blogs/865/143/tasirin-camfe-camfen-hausawa-cikin-tarbiyyarsu-na-daya.

 

 

MANAZARTAN INTANET

Abincin Hausawa, (2015). “Waina.” An ɗauko ranar 17 ga watan Afirilu, shekarar 2020 daga: https://abinci.com/post/130573384693/waina.

Arewa24, (2018). “Tashe Ep 5.” An ɗauko ranar 12 ga watan Afirilu, shekara ta 2020 daga: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FcLUsPfbOGE.

BBC (British Broadcasting Company) (2010). “Gagarabadau: Tasirin Intanet kan rayuwar Hausawa.” Retrieved on 19^th February 2020 from: https://www.bbc.com/hausa/news/story/2010/03/printable/100318_gallerysuperpower.shtml.

BBC (British Broadcasting Company) (2016). “Yadda Facebook ya Zama Makekiyar Maƙabarta.” An ɗauko ranar 20 ga watan Fabarairu na shekarar 2020 daga: https://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla/vert_fut/2016/08/160822_unstoppable_rise_of_facebook_rise.

BBC, (British Broadcasting Company) (2020). “Matan Najeriya ba su Iya Soyayya Kamar Turawa ba.” An ɗauko ranar 20 ga watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2020 daga: https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-51190140.

Hausa Top, (2020). “About Us.” Retrieved on 18th April 2020 from: http://www.hausatop.com/about-us/.

Hutu Dole, (2018). “Game da Hutudole.” An ɗauko ranar 18 ga watan Afirilu, shekarar 2020 daga: https://hutudole.com/dangane-da-hutudole_7/.

Internet Live Stats, (2020). “Home Page”. Retrieved on 20^th February 2020 from: https://www.internetlivestats.com/.

Java Point (ND).Computer Network Types. Retrived on 20th August, 2021 from: https://www.javatpoint.com/types-of-computer-network.

Kano Online, (2020). “Fadar Mai Martaba Sarkin Katagum Dake Azare.” An ɗauko ranar 18 ga watar Afirilu, shekarar 2020 daga: http://azareonline.com/Home.

Ohio Department of Taxation, (2004). New Defination of Food. Retrieved on the 20th of August 2021 from: http://tzhcpas.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/streamlined_sales_tax_food_BR.pdf. 

Rumbun Ilimi, (ND). Abinci. An cirato ranar 20 ga watan Ogusta, shekarar 2021, daga: https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/Abinci.html#gsc.tab=0.  

UF College of Journalism and Communications, (ND). “What is Theory?” Retrieved on 22^nd February, 2020 from: http://faculty.jou.ufl.edu/mleslie/spring96/theory.html.

Wikiwand, (ND). Hausawa. An cirato ranar 20 ga watan Ogusta, shekarar 2021, daga: https://www.wikiwand.com/ha/Hausawa. 

KAFAFEN INTANET DA AKA ZIYARTA

http://azareonline.com/

http://duniyarso.blogspot.com/

http://hausadictionary.com/

http://kanoonline.com/ 

http://katsinaposthausa.com/

http://tsangayaradabi.blogspot.com/

http://tzhcpas.com

http://www.dandali.com/

http://www.gumel.com/

http://www.haiman.com.ng/

http://www.hausang.com/

http://www.hausatop.com/

http://www.teachyourselfhausa.com/

http://zahramuhammadmahmud.blogspot.com/

https://abinci.com/

https://computer.howstuffworks.com

https://cprg.hypotheses.org/

https://dealdey.com.cutestat.com/

https://gidannovels.guidetricks.com/

https://gobirmob.com/ha/

https://hausa.leadership.ng/

https://hausaonline.wordpress.com/ 

https://hausaweddings.com/

https://hutudole.com/

https://jaridarhausa.com/

https://makarantarhausa.com/

https://managarciya.com/

https://parktelonline.com/

https://qalubale.news.blog/

https://slot.ng/

https://www.6pm.com/

https://www.allsaints.com/

https://www.alummarhausa.com.ng/

https://www.amazon.com/

https://www.amsoshi.com/

https://www.anntaylor.com/

https://www.arewafresh.com.ng/

https://www.arewanishadi.com/

https://www.arewarmu.com.ng/

https://www.arewaswag.com.ng/

https://www.asos.com/

https://www.babansadik.com/

https://www.bakandamiya.com/

https://www.barnesandnoble.com/

https://www.batsapost.com/

https://www.britannica.com/art/Platonic-criticism

https://www.comparitech.com

https://www.forbes.com

https://www.hausagett.com.ng/

https://www.hausaloaded.com/

https://www.hausatrust.com/

https://www.hausawasite.com.ng/

https://www.internetlivestats.com/

https://www.isyaku.com/

https://www.jakadanfasaha.com/

https://www.javatpoint.com

https://www.jumia.com.ng/

https://www.kara.com.ng/

https://www.konga.com/

https://www.madubiya.com/

https://www.muryarhausa24.com.ng/

https://www.muryaryanci.com/

https://www.ray-ban.com/usa

https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/ 

https://www.statista.com/

https://www.urbanoutfitters.com/

https://www.wikihausa.com.ng/

https://www.wikiwand.com

https://www.yoox.com/us

WAƊANDA AKA YI HIRA DA SU

Suna	Tsokaci
Prof. Aliyu Muhammad Bunza	Farfesa
Prof. Bashir Aliyu Sallau	Farfesa
Ass. Prof. Abdullahi I. S. S.	Ɗan galadiman farfesa
Ass. Prof. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir	Malami a jami’a
Malam Aliyu Muhammad	Malami a jami’a
Dr. Abdullahi Isah Muhammad	Malami a jami’a
Mr. Uwe Seibert	Mai kafafen Hausa Online da Karin Magana
Sa’idu Umar Yahaya	Kasuwancin Waya
Lawan Ɗalha	Mai kafar Bakandamiya
Bashir Ahmed	Mai kafar Hutu Dole
Abubakar Muhammad Tsangarwa	Mai kafar Rumbun Ilimi
Bello Muhammad	Mai kafar Makarantar Hausa
Shehu Auwal	Mataimakin mai kafar Amsoshi
Mohammed Atabo	Mai kafar Gidan Karatu
Zainab Sani	Mai sana’ar sayar da abinci
Abdulrahman Muhammad Manga	Masanin Intanet

RATAYE

Rataye na 1: Waƙar Soshiyal Midiya Duniyar Matasa ta Ɗan’iro Katsina

 

Amshi: Soshiyal midiya duniyar matasa,

Mu yaɗa alkairi kar mu yaɗa zamba.

 

1.  Soshiyal midiya duniyar matasa,

A duniyar catin yanzu ta yi rassa,

Ya sa zukatan wasu sun shagalta wasa,

Ya sa waɗansu a hanset su rinƙa gasa,

Maza da ‘yammata kanku zan yi casa,

Har da matan gidan ma ba sa ƙi ji ba.

 

2. Gudu muke ta faman yi ba muts tsaya ba,

Muna saman wani tsauni ba mus sani ba,

Ɗakin duhu mun fita ba da fittila ba,

Ana ta nisa dawa ba da jin kira ba,

Ana shiga rijiya ba da shawara ba,

 Gun fita ya ake? Ban ji mun sani ba.

 

3. A yaɗa alkairi kar a yaɗa zamba,

A nan ake mai da kaɗan ta zamma babba,

A nan ake haddasa ƙi a rai da gaba,

A nan ake tarbiyyar da ban faɗi ba,

A nan ake wargaza tarbiyyar su baba,

 Duk a nan midiya in ba kus sani ba.

 

4. Waɗansu ko sun zo don su yo zumunta,

Waɗansu na yi domin su yo abota,

Su kare addini ko a gyara bauta,

Su sanya ayoyi har ko ak karanta,

Domin a wanke duka zuciya ƙasanta,

 Wassu na yin hakan midiya ku duba.

 

5. Waɗansu ko lamarin ba ni son tunawa,

Irin abin da idanu suke ganewa,

Waɗansu hoto na tsiraici za su sawa,

A midiya nan ne dandalin gwadawa,

Kowa irin mai halinsa zai kulawa,

 Wa ya ce watta rana ba sa haɗe ba?

 

 

6. Abin takaici ma har da ma amare,

Su samu ƙato catin suke a tare,

Su kama yin soyayya ƙwarai a tare,

Har ma ta ce masa honi su canza yare,

Da iggiyar aure ukku kanta ɗaure,

 Shi miji gwangwani kun ga bai sani ba.

 

7. A dole matarka waya ka ba ta babba,

A kan hakan ka hana sai ku rinƙa gaba,

Da kai bayanin ka cocilan ta karɓa,

Sai ta fake maka kallo ba ta bari ba,

Kewarka in ba ka nan ba ta sake ba,

 Me ya sa Alƙur’ani ba kya riƙe ba.

 

8. Sannan batun ‘yammata da ‘yan samari,

Babbar waya kadda ta sakan ɓarar da gari,

Su dai kawai catin shi suke ma fari,

Shi ne yake kai su cikin jakar magori,

A kama labari sun ɓarar da gari,

 Duk a nan midiya ban ji kun musa ba.

 

9. Ga ‘yan siyasa ita midiya ku duba,

Nan ne wurin jawo tsokana da zamba,

Nan ne wurin ce ma gwaninka bai iya ba,

Nan ne wurin nuna abin da bai yi kyau ba,

Nan ne wurin haddasa gardama da gaba,

 Dandali ne ake ba na fa’ida ba.

 

10. Batu na alkairi ba a son azawa,

Batu na sharri shi ne abin gwadawa,

‘Yan mintuka ka gani ya yi zagayawa,

Duk duniya kowa za ya yo ganowa,

Sirrin waninka a nan ka yi bayyanawa,

 Babu da-na-sani tun da bai gama ba.

 

11. Idan ina waƙar wassu za su tsargu,

Barai a ce an sanyo kiɗan kalangu,

Ga wanda bai da fahimta ko za ni zagu,

Tuna tunanin rushe musu katangu,

Ina nufin wassu su zam kamar guragu,

 Ni ko Ɗan’iya ban yo nufin hakan ba.

 

12. Ɗan Kattsinawa ne wanda yay yi waƙe,

A da ina barci yanzu ga ni farke,

Ku gane noma shi ne ake a duƙe,

Ku san batun tafiya na wurin fatake,

Da an yi nisa yaro ka gan shi ɗauke,

 Don ba zai juriya ne da taffiyar ba.

 

13. Nai godiyata tari a gun masoya,

Ɗan’iro mai waƙa ba ni ƙin masoya,

Ni ɗan Mutan Katsinawa muna da kunya,

Gami da tarbiyya gunsu ne na koya,

Lambar waya in na faɗe ta sai ku juya,

Gaisuwa ni da ku don ba ta katse ba.