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Kacici-Kacici A Faifan Nazari: Tambayoyi Hamsin (50) Da Amsoshin Su

 Takardar ƙara wa juna sani da aka gabatar a ajin ALH 400: Seminars, a Sashen Nazarin Harsuna Da Aladu, Jamiar Tarayya Gusau, Nijeriya, (2022/2023 Academic Session).

Federal University Gusau (FUG) Nigeria

Kacici-Kacici A Faifan Nazari: Tambayoyi Hamsin (50) Da Amsoshin Su

NA

ILIYASU MUSA

G.S.M NUMBER: 08068482478

gmail: iliyasumusa201744@gmail.com

TSAKURE

Wannan bincike ya mayar da hankali ne kacokam a kan kacici-kacici a harshen Hausa.Wannan fanni na adabin baka, ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙananan rassa na maganganun hikima da sarrafa harshe. Manufar wannan bincike ita ce domin asamar wa yara kanana da masu nazarin harshen Hausa wani rumbu da za a adana ma su waɗannan maganganun hikima don gudun ɓacewar su a nan gaba. Kacici-kacici dai wasu ‘Yan guntayen jimloli ne ko dogaye da ake amfani da su ta hanyar yin tambaya sai a bukaci wani ko wasu da su gane amsar. Ana yin haka ne da zimmar ƙara zurfin tunani, nishaɗantarwa, raya al’adun Hausawa tare da sanin sunayen abubuwan da ke kewaye da su. Wannan bincike ya gano cewa akwai hasashen cewa nan da ‘yan shekaru masu zuwa wannan fanni na kacici-kacici na iya ɓacewa. Bisa ga haka ne wannan muƙala ke bayar da shawarar cewa masu ruwa da tsaki da su tashi tsaye, tsayin daka wajen ganin sun kundace wannan fannin, duba da irin rawar da yake takawa wajen raya adabi.

1.0     GABATARWA

Baya ga samar da nishaɗi tare da ilmantarwa, kacici-kacici ya zama wata babbar ma’adana inda ake adana rumbun kalmomi waɗanda banda ta hanyar tatsuniyoyi ko irin waɗannan mutum ba zai ji ana yin amfani da su sosai ba. Bugu da kari, kacici-kacici na koyar da wani abu wanda yake muhimmi ne a halin rayuwar dan Adam. Wannan abu kuwa shi ne, Hausawa sukan ce wai ba kullum akan kwana a kan gado ba. Wato idan yau kai ne, to gobe ba kai ne ba; sai wani. Wannan kuwa na fitowa ne ta hanyar ‘’ Na ba ka gari’’. Yayin da waɗanda ake yin kacici-kacici da su ba su canki amsar ba, sukan ce ‘’ Na ba ka gari’’. Wannan na nuna cewa dai mutum ba zai iya sanin komai na duniya ba. Saboda haka yayin da duk aka tambaye shi abin da bai sani ba, ba tare da jin kunya ko nauyi ba, zai ce ‘’ Na ba ka gari’’. Haka kuma yayin da duk bai san wani abu ba, ba a bin da ya kamata ya yi fiye da ya tambaya a gaya masa.

Kacici-kacici tamkar wata makaranta ce ta farko a gargajiyance wadda take koya wa yara tafarkin rayuwa. Misali da jin ma’anar ‘’ Tsohuwar gidanmu kullum zata fita sai ta raba muna goro’’ wato kashin awaki’’. A nan mutum zai iya gane cewa Hausawa mutane ne masu yin kiwon dabbobi. Daga ƙarshe dai makasudin binciken shi ne a farfado da wannan hanya ta ilimantar da ‘ya’yan Hausawa tare da kundace wannan kafa don gudun ɓacewarta baki daya.

1.1DABARUN BINCIKE

A wannan bincike an yi amfani da tsarin tsurar bayani ne wato (Qualitative form of research). An yi amfani da babbar hanyar tattara bayanai daga tushe na farko wato (primary source). Da kuma babbar hanyar tattara bayanai daga majiya ta biyu wato (secondary source). Inda aka binciki rubuce-rubucen magabata, musamman bugaggun littaffai a ɗakunan karatu.

2.0 MA’ANAR KACICI-KACICI A BAKIN MASANA

Kacici-kacici yana ɗaya daga cikin zantukan hikima wanda yake raya adabin baka na Hausa,ko a can da kacici-kacici yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga adabin Hausa, musamman idan aka yi la’ari da irin rawar da ya ke takawa wajen ilmantarwa, nishaɗantarwa, da samar da rumbun kalmomi tare da raya al’adun Hausawa. Ga wasu daga cikin ra’ayoyin masana game da ma’anar kacici-kacici.

Muhammad,Y.M (2015:94) a cikin littafinsa mai suna Adabin Hausa ya bayyana kacici-kacici da cewa waɗansu gajerun zantuka ne na azanci wadanɗa sukan zo a cikin jimloli ɗai-ɗai, ko jeren jimloli masu siffanta abin nufi guda ɗaya.

Dangambo A. (1984:40) A littafinsa mai suna Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa da muhimmancinsa ga rayuwar Hausawa ya ce ‘’ kacici-kacici ya ƙunshi hikima da sarrafa harshe. Ana siffanta wasu kalmomi da ma’anarsu a sa mutum ko yaro ya yi ƙoƙari, ya danganta kalmomin da aka bayyana da ma’anarsu, ya kuma gano su.

Owomoyela (1996:42) Says ‘’Riddles are a form of verbal art that pose a question to an audience, challenging them to find the correct answer by utilizing their knowledge, logic,and intuition’’.

 Owomoyela (1996:42) Ta ce kacici-kacici wata maganar hikima ce da ake tsarawa ta hanyar yin tambaya ga masu saurare domin su gano amsar a ilmance tare da amfani da kaifin tunaninsu

Wasu masanan na ganin cewa ‘’kacici-kacici tatsuniya ce wadda ake shiryawa domin auna fahimtar yara. Ana aiwatar da ita ne ta hanyar sakaya sunan wani abu amma sai a fadi wata sifa ta sa, daga baya a nemi yaro ya gane mene ne.

 Duba da wadannan ra’ayoyi na masana, ni ma a tawa fahimta ina da ra’ayin cewa kacici-kacici wani salo ne na yin tambaya nan take a bayar da amsa a tsakanin yara don ƙara kwarewa da harshe.

2.1 ASALIN KACICI-KACICI

Kamar yadda Muhammad Y.M (2015:93) Ya faɗa a cikin littafinsa mai suna Adabin Hausa inda ya nuna da cewa asalin Kalmar kacici-kacici daga Kalmar ‘’cinta ce’’ wato kintaci fadi. Yara biyu sukan yi wa juna wasa da canki. Ta yadda sukan yi haka kuwa shi ne, ɗaya yakan rufe wani abu, misali kwabo, a tafin hannunsa ya ce wa ɗayan ya cinka, wato ya yi kirdado ya faɗi abin da ya rufe a hannunsa. Siffar tambayar takan zo ne kamar haka. Kacici-kacici, me ye a hannuna? Shi kuma wanda aka tambaya, zai yi ta kokari ne ya ambaci abin da tafin tafin hannun zai iya damƙewa ya rufe ruf, ba tare da ana ganinsa ba. Kuma zai yi ta tuntuno da abubuwan da ake ma’amala da su ne yau da kullum, misali kamar tsabar kuɗi, da wasu abubuwa na ci kamar goro, ko gyaɗa, ko abubuwan wasa kamar tsakuwa, da sauransu.

2.2 NAU’O’IN KACICI-KACICI

A wannan muƙala an kasa nau’o’in kacici-kacici zuwa gida huɗu,kamar haka

1 kacici-kacici da aka gina a kan siffa

2 Kacici-kacicin ɓoyo (sakayawa)

3 Kacici-kacici mai sauti

4 Kacici-kacici mai kirari

I Kacici-kacici da aka gina a kan siffa: Irin wannan tambaya ce ko bayani wanda a cikin ta aka siffanta wani abu. Shi abin da aka siffanta ɗin nan mutum zai kasance mai sauƙin ganewa ne, da zaran dai ya yi ɗan gajeren tunani, zai iya gane abin da ake nufi. Misali idan mai kacici-kacici ya ce ‘’Waina a dawa’’ amsar wannan ita ce ‘’Kashin shanu’’.

 Da zarar mutum ya san kashin shanu, ya kuma san waina, to zai san cewa dai an gina wannan kacici-kacicin ne ta hanyar siffantawa. haka kuma kamar irin su: Shirin ba ci ba’’Wato ‘’baba’’ da dai sauransu.

II Kacici-kacicin ɓoyo (sakayawa):- Ita ma irin wannan takan zo ne kamar sauran zantuka, ko bayanai waɗanda idan mutum ya ji zai iya gane ma’anar su; amma maimakon abar su a haka a fili, sai akan yi dabara a ɗan ɓoye su don a ruɗa mutun. Misali : ‘yar burguma da fata goma. Amsar it ace ‘’albasa’’

III kacici-kacici mai sauti :-

Irin wannan tambaya ce ko bayani wacce ta kunshi sauti ko murya ta musamman wacce daga muryar ko sautin mutun na iya cankar amsar. Misali

Daga nesa na ji muryar ƙawata. wato ‘’ganga’’ An dai san ganga na da ƙara kuma mutum na iya jin ƙararta daga nesa. Haka kuma akwai wannan, misali

Bullum bar bullum bullum na bulloji. Haka ma da jin wannan sauti mutum na iya hasashen cewa, kaza bari ƙoto shaho na kallon ki.

 Kamar yadda ɗillin ta kan yi ɗillin hakanan ma ɗillin takan yi ɗillin. Shi ma wannan sautin mutun na iya hasashen shi da cewa, kamar yadda kaza takan yi ƙwannan hakanan ma ƙwan yakan yi kaza.

IV Kacici-kacici mai kirari:-

Irin wannan kacici-kacici yakan zo ne ta fannin kirari ko yabo. Anan akan dauki wani abu ne a kambama shi da nufin yabon abin don muhimmancinsa ga rayuwar Ɗan-adam. Misali masu kacici-kacici sukan ce. ‘’Tsumagiyar kan hanya fyaɗi yaro fyaɗi babba’’ wato ‘’yinwa’’ wannan ba kowa ake wa kirari ba ban da ‘’yinwa’’. Daga jin wannan idan mutum bai sani ba zai tsammaci cewa wani abu ne muhimmi.

 2.3 LOKACIN DA AKE YIN KACICI-KACICI

Ana yin kacici-kacici ne lokacin hutawa, kuma a cikin raha watau a cikin wasa da dariya. Kacici-kacici dai da daddare ake yin sa, amma idan ana son a yi da rana ko wani lokaci da yake ba dare bane, to ana iya ɗaure gizo, sannan a fara. Muhimmancin abin da ya kamata a yi la’akari da shi, dangane kacici-kacici, shi ne an fi yin sa da dare bayan kamala cin abincin dare. Domin shi kacici-kacici abin raha ne da hutawa. Hausawa kuma na cewa wai ‘’ Dare mahutar bawa’’. A she in haka ne kuwa ba wani lokacin da ya fi dare dacewa ayi.

 2.4 YADDA AKE YIN KACICI-KACICI

Yayin da ake wannan hutawa, yara sukan share fagen tatsuniyoyi ko labarum raha da kacici-kacici.

 Wani lokaci kuma akan yi kacici-kacici ne yayin da ake yin tatsuniyoyi da sauran raha, idan an fara gajiya sai a jefo kacici-kacici don a dan shakata. A wasa ƙwaƙwalwa, a kuma bar mai yin tatsuniyar ko labaran ya dan huta.

 Wani lokaci ma akan zauna ne kawai don shi kacici-kacicin kawai don wasa ƙwaƙwalwa.

 3.0 WURIN YIN KACICI-KACICI

Akan yi kacici-kacici ne a wurare kamar haka

 1 Gidan amarya ko gidan biki

 2 Yayin da yara suka taru a dandali don wasa

 3 Tare da kakanni mata a gida

3.1 MASU YIN KACICI-KACICI

Kacici-kacici dai ana iya cewa a taƙaice, wasan yara ne, don yara aka fi sani na yin shi. Amma wani lokaci akan samu manya na yi, musamman mata.

 3.2 MUHIMMANCIN KACICI-KACICI

 Kacici-kacici na da matuƙar muhimmanci, duba da irin gagarumar gudummuwar da yake bayarwa ga yara ƙanana

1 Koyar da dubarun zaman duniya da ƙara masu kaifin tunani

2 Samar da nishaɗi

3 Bunƙasa harshe

4 Sanin abubuwan amfani da ke kewaye da yara na gida da waje

5 Sanin al’adun al’uma

6 Iya sarrafa kalmomi d.s

 3.3 DARUSSAN CIKIN KACICI-KACICI

Shi dai wannan salon Magana na kacici-kacici wanda galibi yara da samari, kai har ma da waɗanda manya ke yi din, suna da matukar amfani wajen nuna zurfin hikimomi da harshen Hausa ya ƙunsa.

 Ga wasu daga cikin darussan kamar haka

I Kacici-kacici na sanya tunani ga masu yinsu, sai a gano abin nufi wanda aka ƙudundune a cikin zuzzurfar Hausa.

II Kacici-kacici na sa yara su san sunayen waɗansu abubuwa a cikin al’adunsu.

III Kacici-kacici na koyar da gasa, da son mutum ya nuna bajinta wajen amsa tambayoyin da aka yi masa

IV Kacici-kacici na ƙara danƙon zumunta da haɗa kan yara tsakaninsu, domin ana yin su ne a dandali wurin haɗuwar abokai da sauransu.

3.4 MISALAN KACICI-KACICI GUDA HAMSIN ‘50’ DA AMSOSHINSU

1 Tambaya: Ƙulinƙulibita

Amsa: Gauta

2 Tambaya: Matar ƙuilbita

Amsa: Yalo

3 Tambaya: Kututturu uku gagara ɗauri

Amsa: Ƙwai

4 Tambaya: Abu siriri abu zarara, abu tufkar Allah

Amsa: Gashi

5 Tambaya: Tsohuwar gidanmu ta ƙwarƙwashe ta na roƙon Allah

Amsa: Rumfa

6 Tambaya: Bullum bar bullum, bullum na bulloji

Amsa: Kaza bar tono shaho na kallonki

7 Tambaya: Gwanda lili da liyo

Amsa: Gwanda noma da awo

8 Tambaya: Kurkucir kucif

Amsa: Kwanciyar kare

9 Tambaya: Ɗan tsako da linzami

Amsa: Allura da zare

10 Tambaya: Waina a dawa

Amsa: Kashin shanu

11 Tambaya: Angulu bisa kuka uku

Amsa: Tukunya

12 Tambaya: Ana haya haya kutukku na tsaye

Amsa: Turmi

13 Tambaya: Ƙato tsakar gida ba wando

Amsa: Turmi

14 Tambaya: Kaɗata feffeffes amma babu mai iya taɓa ta

Amsa: Taurari

15 Tambaya: Ɗakin samari ba ƙofa

Amsa: Ƙwai

16 Tambaya: Gungume uku baya ɗauro wuri ɗaya

Amsa: Ƙwai

17 Tambaya: Kamar yadda ɗillin takan yi ɗillin haka ma ɗillin yakan yi ɗillin

Amsa: Kamar yadda kaza takan yi ƙwannan haka ma ƙwan yakan yi kaza

18 Tambaya: Da dodo da bado da badoduwa

Amsa: Da rana da wata da tauraruwa

19 Tambaya: Takalmin kitse maɗauki na wuta

Amsa: Kunama

20 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar burguma da fata goma

Amsa: Albasa

21 Tambaya: Abu ɗan ɗil ya sa mai gari sauka bisa doki

Amsa: Fitsari

22 Tambaya: Shanuna dubu dubu maɗaurarsu ɗaya

Amsa: Tsintsiya

23 Tambaya: Shanuna dubu dubu amma ‘yar ƙaramarsu ta fi su zaƙin nono

Amsa: Rakke (takanɗa)

24 Tambaya: Shanuna dubu dubu in suka wuce babu mai ganin ƙurarsu

Amsa: Turwa

25 Tambaya: Gari ɗaka yara kwana da yinwa

Amsa: Toka

26 Tambaya: Ga fili fallau amma babu mai damar yin ƙwallo

Amsa: Sararin sama

27 Tambaya: Tsohuwar gidanmu kullum wanka amma ƙara baƙi take

Amsa: Guga

28 Tambaya: Na gina taƙi ginuwa na rufe taƙi rufuwa

Amsa: Inuwa

29 Tambaya: Na wanke ‘yar ƙwaryata na je makka da madina na dawo ba ta bushe ba

Amsa: Hancin kare

30 Tambaya: Baƙar bakambara ratsa gidan sarki

Amsa: Daidawa

31 Tambaya: Iya ta zagaya baba ya zagaya amma basu haɗu ba

Amsa: Kunnuwa

32 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar tsohuwar gidanmu kullum wanka

Amsa: Randa

33 Tambaya: Abu siriri siriya abu da ginar ƙasa

Amsa: Fitsari

34 Tambaya: Taƙarna ba ƙashi ba

Amsa: Kanwa

35 Tambaya: Baba na ɗaka gemu na waje

Amsa: Hayaƙi

36 Tambaya: Shirin ba ci ba

Amsa: Baba

37 Tambaya: Icce gidana innuwa gidan wani

Amsa: Budurwa

38 Tambaya: Kai na laɓe ba ka shigowa?

Amsa: Gambu

39 Tambaya: Tsumunjiyar kan hanya fyaɗi yaro fyaɗi babba

Amsa: Yinwa

40 Tambaya: Na yi ‘yar sanwata kowazzo sai ya iza

Amsa: Tuntuɓe

41 Tambaya: Salame doguwa da duwatsu

Amsa: Goruba

42 Tambaya: Shimil ƙasa ba saye

Amsa: Kashi

43 Tambaya: Jan guru gagara sarki ɗauka

Amsa: Garwashi

44 Tambaya: Abu ɗan ɗil ya sa mai gari kuka

Amsa: Barkono/yaji

45 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar tsohuwar gidanmu kullum tanke da gaba

Amsa: Darni

46 Tambaya: Akushin baba gagara suɗi

Amsa: Kududdufi

47 Tambaya: Ɗan baka a bayan suri

Amsa: Farce

48 Tambaya: ‘‘Yar ƙaramar dabba da suna uku

Amsa: Kyanwa

49 Tambaya: Ga gaɓa ga gaɓa zomo ya bi ya wuce

Amsa: Tusa

50 Tambaya: Ɗan oga da ƙaton tumbi

Amsa: Kwando

4.0 SAKAMAKON BINCIKE

 

Wannan bincike ya gano cewa akwai hasashen cewa nan da ‘yan shekaru masu zuwa,idan ba a yi hattara ba wannan fanni na azancin magana wato kacici-kacici yana iya yin ɓatan dabo; wato a nemesa arasa. Ganin wannan ne binciken yai ƙoƙarin zaƙulo wata hanya da za a bi domin a farfaɗo da wannan fage na azancin magana kacici-kacici.Hanyar kuwa ita ce ta kundace shi don gudun ɓacewarsa kwatakwata.

5.0 KAMMALAWA

Sakamakon wannan bincike ya yi daidai da hasashen binciken tun farko, na cewa akwai alamu da ke nuna cewa kacici-kacici na iya salwanta nan da ‘yan shekaru masu zuwa; matsawar ba a yi wani hoɓɓasa ba akai. Duba da babu wasu rubuce-rubuce masu yawa da na ci karo da su a kan kacici-kacici. Don haka, akwai buƙatar masu ruwa da tsaki wato masana da manazarta harshen Hausa da su zage dantse wajen ganin an haɓɓaka tare da kundace wannan fage na adabin baka don ganin haƙa ta cimma ruwa.

 MANAZARTA

Muhammad, Y.M.(2015). Adabin Hausa, Ahamadu Bello University Press Samaru

 Zaria

Yahayya, I. Y. da Ɗangambo A.(1986).Jagoran Nazarin Hausa, Northern Nigerian

 Publishing Company Limited.

Ɗangambo, A. (2011). Rabe-raben Adabin Hausa(Sabon tsari) K. d. g. Publishers.

Owomoyela, O. (1996). Yoruba riddles in Oral Literature. Research in African Literatures, 27 (3), 41-52.

Zarruk et al (1990). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Ibadan: University Press.

Dr. A. M Bunza da Malumfashi I.A (2000). Pivotal Teachers Training Programme

 National Teachers’ Institute, Kaduna.

Umar, M.B. (1980), Adabin baka don makarantu: Zariya; Hausa Publishers Centre, p.o. Box 675.

Gusau, S.M (2011), Adabin Hausa a taƙaice: Centre Research Publishing Limited, Kano- Nigeria

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2 Comments

  1. Wani abune fari kamar ruwa baki kamar tukunya namiji yana amfani dashi so uku a rana mace so daya tak a rayuwarta

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. An ce ƙabari ne.
      1. Fari idan mutum ya yi aikin ƙwarai.
      2. Baƙi idan mutum ya yi aikin banza.
      3. Namiji na iya zuwa binne mamaci koyaushe, da safe ko da rana ko da dare.
      4. Mace takan je kabari ne kawai lokacin da Allah ya yi mata cikawa aka kai gawarta.

      Delete

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