Shin Mace Mai Haila Za Ta Iya Yin Alwala A Lokacin Kwanciya Bacci?

𝐓𝐀𝐌𝐁𝐀𝐘𝐀❓

Assalamu Alaikum. Malam tambaya ta ita ce alokacin da nake haila zan iya kwanciya da alwala. Bissalam`

SHIN MACE MAI HAILA ZA TA IYA YIN ALWALA A LOKACIN KWANCIYA BACCI?

𝐀𝐌𝐒𝐀❗️

Wa'alaikumusalam warahmatallahi wabarakatuh.

Mai haila bazatayi alwala a lokacin da take cikin jinin al'ada ba, kuma koda ta yi alwala ɗin, toh alwalar bata inganta ba, saboda jini bai yanke ba, koda a ce zatayi wanka a lokacin da jinin bai yanke ba, toh wankan baiyi ba, dole sai jini ya tsaya.

Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar ya kawo zancen Ibn Daƙeeƙ Al-eid (rahimahullah) Wanda ya ce: Imam Shafi'i ya ce yin alwala kafin shiga barci bana matan da suke cikin haila bane, saboda da za a ce ta yi wanka lokacin da jinin bai ɗauke ba, yin wankan baya tsarkake ta daga jinin dake zuwa, Wanda kuma ba kamar mutumin da ke cikin janaba bane. Amma idan jini ya ɗauke mata kafin ta yi wanka saita bukaci yin barci, toh anan ya halasta ta yi alwala. (Fathul Baari, 1/395)

Imam Nawawi shi ma ya yi zance makamancin wannan acikin littafin sa (Sharhul Sahih Muslim, 3/218)

Jama'ar mu (Malaman mazhabar Shafi'iyyah) sunyi ittifaƙi akan cewa ba'a buƙatar macen dake cikin jinin haila ko jinin biƙi ta yi alwala kafin shigar ta bacci, saboda alwalar bazata tsarkake ta ba, amma idan jinin ya ɗauke (kafin ta yi wanka) toh ita kamar mai janaba ne (Sharhul Sahih Muslim, 3/218)

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Tambayar: “Shin mace mai haila za ta iya yin alwala a lokacin kwanciya bacci?” Amsa ta shariʿa: idan mace tana cikin haila (wato jinin al'ada na ci gaba), ba ta yin alwala domin ta zama tsarkake daga hali na haila. Idan ta yi alwala a lokacin da jinin yana ci gaba, wannan alwalar ba ta inganta wajen mayar da ita tsarkakakkiya ba don ta yi ibada (salla) ko wasu abubuwan da tsarkakewa take bukata. Hujjar wannan magana tana cikin Alkur'ani da hujjojin hadisi da kuma sharhukan malamai.

NASSI NA ALKUR'ANI (HUJJA MAI GASKIYA)

عَنْهُمْ ۚ وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ عَنِ الْمَحِيضِ ۖ قُلْ هُوَ أَذًى فَاعْتَزِلُوا النِّسَاءَ فِي الْمَحِيضِ وَلَا تَقْرَبُوهُنَّ حَتَّىٰ يَطْهُرْنَ ۖ فَإِذَا تَطَهَّرْنَ فَأْتُوهُنَّ مِنْ حَيْثُ أَمَرَكُمُ اللَّهُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ التَّوَّابِينَ وَيُحِبُّ الْمُتَطَهِّرِينَ

(سورة البقرة: 222)

Fassara:

“Su waɗanda suke tambayarka game da haila, ce musu: ita wata cuta ce (ko wahala), don haka ku nisanta kanku daga mata a lokacin haila, kuma kada ku kusance su har sai sun tsarkaka; to idan suka tsarkaka, sai ku kusance su a inda Allah Ya umurce ku. Lallai Allah Mai son tuba ne, Mai son tsarkakewa ne.” (Al-Baqara: 222)

Wannan aya ta nuna halin haila a matsayin wani yanayi na rashin kusanci (mahramcin kusanci na ibada da wasu harkoki) har sai an tsaftace (wato jinin ya tsaya kuma an wanke = alwala/ghusl na rashin tsarki).

HUJJOJIN HADISI DA BAYANI DAGA MALAMAI

An samu bayanai daga littattafan sharhi na manyan masana fiqihu kan wannan batu. Masana mazhabar Shafiʿiyya (kamar Imam ash-Shafiʿi) da masu sharhin sahihai (kamar Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar da Imam Nawawi) sun bayyana cewa: mace mai haila ba ta yin alwala domin alwalar ba ta cire jahilcin haila; hakazalika idan ta yi wanka yayin da jini yana ci gaba, wankan bai mayar mata da tsarki ba — dole sai jinin ya tsaya kafin a ce ta yi ghusl ɗin da zai mayar da ita tsarkakakkiya. Wannan ra'ayi an nuna shi a cikin sharhin Fath al-Bari (a lokacin da ya taso kan bayanin alƙalubalen janaba/haila), da kuma Sharh Sahih Muslim (Sharh al-Nawawi). Misali, Ibn Hajar yana kawo zancen Ibn Daƙeeq al-ʿīd wanda ya ambaci ra'ayin Imam ash-Shafiʿi game da batun. (Duba: Fath al-Bari, sashen bayanin masʼalar haila; Sharh Sahih Muslim na an-Nawawi, bayani game da haila.)

MA'ANONIN FIQHI A SAUƘAƘE (A CIKIN HAUSA)

1. Yayin da jinin haila ke ci gaba: mace ba ta yi salla, ba ta azumi (idan cikakken lokaci ne na haila yayin watan Ramadan ana ladafta azumin a kwanakin bayan ta tsarkaka), kuma duk wani ibada da ake bukatar tsarki (kamar sallar jama'a) ba ta yi ba. Idan ta yi alwala ko ta yi wanka yayin da jinin yana fitowa, wannan ba zai mayar da ita cikin halin tsarki ba.

2. Bayan jinin ya tsaya gaba ɗaya: dole mace ta yi ghusl (wankan manya) kafin ta mayar da sallar farfadowa da azumi. Bayan tayi ghusl, sai a ɗauke ta kamar mai tsarki — tana iya yin salla, azumi da sauran ibadu.

3. Game da yin alwala kawai don kwanciya bacci: a mazhabar Shafiʿiyya an yi ittifaqi cewa ba a bukatar mace mai haila ta yi alwala kafin ta kwanta bacci, domin waccan alwalar ba ta cire halin rashin tsarkin haila ba. Wato, idan tambayar ita ce “zan iya yin alwala kawai domin in kwanta bacci?” babu buƙatar hakan a matsayin wani sharadi na shariʿa; amma idan mace tana son ta wanke jikinta ko ta tsaftace kanta don jin dadi, za ta iya yin tsaftacewa (ghusl idan akwai dalili) amma a shari'a wannan ba zai mayar da ita tsarkakakkiya ba har sai jinin ya tsaya. (Wannan hujja an samu ta hannun ash-Shafiʿi, Ibn Hajar da Imam Nawawi.)

FATAWA DA AYYUKAN ZAMANI

** Fatwa daga malaman mazhabar Shafiʿiyya: mace mai haila ba ta bukatar yin alwala kafin ta shiga bacci yayin da jinin ke ci gaba; alwalar da ta yi ba za ta zama tushen tsarki ba domin jinin bai tsaya ba. (Shaida: Sharh al-Nawawi a Sharh Sahih Muslim; Fath al-Bari a sashin janaba/haila.)

** Fatwa ga mai neman tsafta: idan mace tana jin cewa ta fi son ta yi wanka ko ta yi wani tsaftacewa saboda rashin jin dadi ko don tsarkake muhalli, ana iya yin wankan taimako (babu illa), amma wannan wanka ba zai mayar da ita cikin hukuncin tsarki ba har sai jinin ya tsaya. Don haka duk ayyukan ibada da suka dogara da cikar tsarki (salla, azumi) sai an jira ghusl bayan jinin ya tsaya.

Abin lura: akwai karin bambance-bambance a cikin wasu mazhabobi (misali mazhabar Hanafi, Maliki, Hanbali) game da wasu ƙananan fannoni kamar: shin idan mace ta yi wanka ko alwala yayin haila, shin yana tasiri ga wasu abubuwa kamar amincewa da wasu nau'ikan kusanci? Amma babban ka'idar da ke haɗa yawancin malamai ita ce: jinin haila yana hana cikakken tsarki har sai ya tsaya, kuma wajibin ghusl bayan tsarki ne kafin komawa ga ibada.

TAKAITACCEN MATSAYI NA AIKI (AMFANI GA MACE)

** Idan kina cikin haila, ki huta: ba bu wajibin yin alwala kafin kwanciya bacci.

** Ki kiyaye dokokin tsabta da tsaftace muhalli (canza zanen gado, wanke jikinki idan kina so), amma ki fahimci cewa wannan ba zai mayar da ke cikin matsayin tsarki ga salla ba.

** Idan jinin ya tsaya gaba ɗaya, ki yi ghusl kafin ki fara salla da azumi. Wannan ghusl ne wanda addini ya umurce mu da shi don dawo da cikakken tsarki.

** Idan kina da shakku ko al'amari na musamman (misali jinin yana ci gaba fiye da al'ada, tambayoyi game da lafiyar haihuwa, ko matsalar tsawon lokaci), yi shawara da malamin addini ko likitan mata, domin a sami hujjar shari'a/kula da lafiya.

TAƘAITAWA

A ƙarshe, mu tuna cewa hukuncin shari'a a wannan batun an kafa shi ne domin tsabtace ibada da kuma kiyaye mutuntaka da tsarkin addini. Allah Ya sa mu dace da ilmi, mu bi abin da ya dace cikin sauƙi da tawali'u. Don addu'a: mu roƙi Allah ya ba da sauƙi ga mata, ya sanya mana fahimta da tawali'u, ya kuma karɓi azuminmu da ibadunmu.