Ka'idojin Rubutun Hausa - Darasi Na Uku

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Gutsurarren Aikatau / Ɗaurarren Aikatau

Kalmomin aikatau, su ne kalmomin da suke nuna aikin da aka yi a cikin jumla. Misali, a jumlar “Aminu ya zauna a kan kujera,” kalmar “zauna” ita ce aikatau. Ita ce take nuni ga aikin da Aminu ya aikata (wato zama a kan kujera).

Kalmomin aikatau suna zuwa cikin sigogi daban-daban. Ɗaya daga cikin sigogin kuwa shi ne inda ake gutsure su wato katse wani ɓangarensu domin a furta wani ɓangare kawai. Ana yin haka ne ta hanyar ɗebe wata gaɓa ko wasu gaɓoɓi na kalmar aikatau domin a bar kalmar da gaɓa ɗaya kawai, wadda takan kasance ɗaurarriya. Ɗaurarriyar gaɓa tana nufin wadda take ƙunshe da ‘baƙi da wasali da baƙi’ (BWB). Ita ce ake kira rufaffiyar gaɓa – domin ta fara da baƙi sai wasali ya biyo baya, sai kuma ta ƙare da baƙi. Ina kiran ta ɗaurarriyar gaɓa domin cikin yanayin ɗauri ake furta ta. Idan muka duba burucin kalmar “dabba”, gaɓar farko ɗaurarriya ce (dab).

Wannan darasi ya yi magana a kan hukuncin da yake hawa kan ɗaurarrun aikatau (gutsurarrun aikatau) a cikin rubutun Hausa. Su ne a Ingilishi ake kira ‘truncated verbs’. Kalmar gutsurewa (a muhallin nahawu) a Ingilishi ita ce ‘truncation’.

Yayin da aka samu gutsurarrun aikatau a cikin rubutun Hausa, to ba a haɗe su da kowace kalma. Ba a haɗe su da kalmomin da suka biyo bayansu, kuma ba a haɗe su da waɗanda suka zo a gabansu.

A wannan darasi an kawo ire-irensu tare da bayanai da kuma misalai a cikin jumloli.

“Gutsurarren Aikatau (Truncated Verb)

Verbs are words that express the action taking place in a sentence. For example, in the sentence “Aminu ya zauna a kan kujera” (“Aminu sat on a chair”), the word zauna (“sat”) is the verb, as it indicates the action performed by Aminu (sitting on the chair).

Hausa verbs appear in different forms. One of these forms is when a verb is shortened, that is, when part of it is cut off so that only a portion of the verb is pronounced. This process is called gutsurewa (truncation). It involves removing a syllable (or syllables) from a verb so that only one syllable remains.

The remaining syllable is usually a ɗaurarriyar gaɓa - that is, a closed syllable which begins with a consonant, is followed by a vowel, and ends with a consonant (CVC). It is called ɗaurarriyar gaɓa (bound syllable) because it is pronounced in a “tight” or “bound” manner. For instance, in the word dabba (“animal”), the first syllable dab is a ɗaurarriyar gaɓa (bound syllable), since it starts with a consonant (d), has a vowel (a), and ends with a consonant (b).

This lesson discusses the rules that apply to gutsurarrun aikatau (truncated verbs) in Hausa writing. In English grammar, the process of shortening words in this way is called gutsurewa (truncation).

When gutsurarrun aikatau (truncated verbs) are used in Hausa writing, they must not be joined with any other word. They are not attached to the words that precede them, nor to the words that follow them.

In this lesson, we present examples of gutsurarrun aikatau (truncated verbs), along with explanations and sample sentences.