Bangwayen Kagaggun Labaran Intanet: Kwai Daban Abin Cikin Kwan Daban

Citation: Maimota, A.S & Danbappa, H. R. (2024). Bangwayen Ƙagaggun Labaran Intanet: Ƙwai Daban Abin Cikin Ƙwan Daban. Algaita Journal of Current Research in Hausa Studies. Vol. 17, No. 1, December, 2024. Pg. 116-124

BANGWAYEN ƘAGAGGUN LABARAN INTANET: ƘWAI DABAN ABIN CIKIN ƘWAN DABAN

Na

Aishatu Shehu Maimota (Ph.D)
2348066054705
maimotaaisha@gmail.com

da

Jamilu Kabir
2347067708766
jkabir@fudutsinma.edu.ng

Tsakure

Ƙarni na 21, ƙarni ne da yake ɗauke da abubuwan cigaba mabambanta da suka shafi rayuwar al’umma a ko ina a faɗin duniya, musamman abin da ya shafi ƙere-ƙere da fasahohi, uwa uba da ɓullowar hanyoyin sadarwa na zamanima da ake kira shafukan intanet. Samuwar kafafen intanet ya buɗe sabon shafin samuwar marubuta labaran zube na Hausa da aka fi sani da “Marubutan Shoshiyal midiya ko marubuta Onlayin wato “Online Writers” a Turance. Manufar wannan bincike shi ne yin tsokaci dangane da ƙunshiyar wasu labarai na intanet tare da yin tsokaci dangane da alaƙar labaran da hoton jikin bangwayensu. Domin sauke haƙƙin wannan bincike an yi amfani da hanyoyi, da dabaru da suka dace da binciken don tattare bayanai da suka hada karantawa da nazartar littattafan da suke lungu da saƙo na ƙwaryar intanet da suka haɗa da Fesbuk wassaf da Watfad da Instagram. Sannan an ɗora wannan bincike a kan Ra’in maida jawabin mai karatu wato (Reader Response Criticism Theory). An tattara bayanai ta hanyar karanta wasu labaran sannan an tattaunawa da masu karatu don jin fahimtarsu dangane da alaƙar da ke akwai tsakanin labaran da suke karantawa da hotunan da ake liƙawa a bangon. A ɓangare ɗaya an tattauna da wasu marubuta labaran don jin hikimar da ke tattare da sanya waɗannan hotuna.. Binciken ya gano abin da mawalafan ke liƙa wa a bangon littatfin ya yi hannun riga da ƙunshiyar labarin, a taƙaice dai “ƙwan da ban abin cikin ƙwan da ban.” Haka zalika an gano yadda tasirin kallon fina-finai ƙasashen ƙetare ya taimaka wajen haskawa marubutan hanyar yin amfani da hotunan Indiyawa da Turawa da sauran al’umomin labaran. Haka zalika kafafen intanet musamman rumbun adana hotuna na zamani (Instagram) ya zama hanya ma fi sauƙi da samuwar hotunan jaruman fina-finai maza da mata na ƙasashen ƙetare.

1.1 Gabatarwa

Bangon littafi na da tasiri ƙwarai a fagen rubuta ƙagaggen labari da ma ilmi bakiɗaya, domin a mafi yawancin lokuta yakan haska ƙunshiyar abin da littafi ya ƙunsa ne, musamman abin da ya shafi taurarin labari ko manufarsa ko kuma yanayin wurin da aka gabatar da labari. A taƙaice bangon littafi kamar yana tattare labari ne a cikin hoto. Alal misali, da an ga hoton saurayi da budurwa mai karatu zai yi hasashen wannan labari na soyayya ne Haka idan an ga hoto da makami da manyan barade a jiki za a ɗauka wannan labari ya shafi yaƙe-yaƙe, haka zalika idan hoton aljanu aka kawo tabbas labarin zai shafi aljanu. Wannan misalai da aka kawo ya sa wannan takarda bibiyar ire-iren bangwayen da ake liƙawa a labaran shafukan intanet, don a gano shin waɗannan hotuna na jikin banƙwan sun yi daidai da manufar labarin?. Domin a fayyace haka wannan bincike ya bibiyi wasu bangwaye littattafan da aka saka a labaran baya musamman na farko da tsakiyar ƙarni na 20, kana aka kawo waɗanda suke na ƙarni na 21, musamman na jikin labaran shafukan intanet.

Masana da manazarta sun gudanar da bincike kan abin da ya shafi Hausa a kafafen intanet, kamar Diso, (2016) da Yakasai, (2018) da Shehu da Rambo (2019) da Maimota, (2021) da Kabir, (2022) da Maimota (2023) da kuma Yakasai, (2024). Wannan takarda ma ta yi bincike ne kan abin da ya shafi Hausa a kafar intanet, wato adabin Hausa a shafukan intanet, sai da a wannan takarda an bibiyi yadda marubuta labaran Hausa na intanet suke tsara bangwayen labaransu da wasu hotuna na wasu al’umomi na ƙasashen waje, a wasu lokuta da yanayi na ƙasashen. Maƙalar ta bayyana mene ne bangon littafi da tsarinsa da ma’aunin da ya dace a tsara bangon littafi. An kuma bibiyi tarihin samuwar labaran Hausa na Soshiyal Midiya, kana aka yi tsokaci kan manufar wasu labaran soshiyal midiya da taurarin labaran, tare da hasko hoton bangwayensu. Haka zalika an yi tsokaci kan dalilan da ke sa marubutan saka hotunan wasu da ba Hausawa ba a jikin labaran Hausa. A ƙarshe an kawo rataye na samfuran bangwayen labaran soshiyal mediya.

1.1.1 Bangon Littafi

Bangon Littafi shi ne rigar da littafi ke sanye da ita, wadda ta lulluɓe gangar jikin littafin, wato shafukan littafi (Kabir 2022) bangon littafi tamkar wani jagora ne ga mai shirin yin karatu domin kuwa yana ɗauke da wani muhimmin dunƙulallen saƙo da zai haskawa mai karatu abin da wannan littafi ya ƙunsa a taƙaice, musamman abin da ya shafi surar littafi da kuma hoto, ko surar da ke jikin bangon littafin. Waɗannan muhimman abubuwa galibi suna yin ishara ne zuwa labarin da ke ƙunshe a cikin littafin.

1.1.2 Tsarin Bangon Littafi

Haƙiƙa kowane abu akwai tsarin da ake gina shi a ɗabi’a, wanda yin hakan shi ne dacewa. Bangon littafi yana da tsari, wanda a kansa ne ake tsara bangon. A tsarin bangon littafi yakan ƙunshi ɗayan abu biyu, wato ko dai ya kasance zane ne na surar abin da ake so wanda yake nuni da labarin. Zanen na iya kasancewa zanen sura ta mutum ko aljani (a hasashe) ko dabba ko bishiya ko tsirrai ko ƙwari ko wani abu marar rai kamar dutse ko gida ko mota. Hoton kuma yakan iya kasancewa hoto ne na zahiri ko haƙiƙa (real picture) ko ƙirƙirarren hoto (animated picture).

1.1.3 Ma’aunin Da ya Dace a Tsara Bangon Littafi

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, bangon littafi wani taƙaitaccen saƙo ne, amma mai faɗi da yake marabtar mai karatu cikin sauƙi zuwa ga labarin da zai karanta da ke cikin littafin, wanda daga bangon ne ake iya fahimtar ko hasashen abin da aka ƙunshe ko lulluɓe a cikin littafin. Misali idan littafi ya ƙunshi labarin zube kan abin da ya shafi Bahaushe ko Bahaushiya ko Hausawa, ana sa ran a jikin bango a ga abin da ke nuni da haka. Idan labarin ya shafi soyayya ta Hausawa ana tsammanin hoton ko zanen zai nuna budurwa Bahaushiya da irin shiga ta al’adar Hausawa ko a da ko a yanzu. Idan labarin ya shafi sarauta wajibi ne a jikin bangon littafin a ga haka, wato abin da ya shafi shiga ta gidan sarauta ko fada ko wani abu da ke nuna sha’anin sarauta.

Hoton ko zanen ana iya samar da shi kan wani bigire ko yanayi ko muhalli ko wani abu da ya faru a cikin labarin. Idan kuwa littafin kan wani fanni ne na ilimi ana iya amfani da wata alama wadda da an gani take yanke ana iya fahimtar littafin ko a wane fanni yake magana ko a kan me yake ishara. Ga misalai nan daga wasu hotunan bangayen littattafai:

1.2 Shafukan Intanet/Sada Zumunta

Shafin sada zumunta wanda da Turanci ake kira Social Media, fasahar adarwa ce ta zamani da jama’a ke sada zumunci tsakaninsu daga sassan duniya daban-daban, ta hanyar amfani da cibiyar sadarwa ta zamani da aka fi kira da netiwak wanda ake aiki da intanet. Jama’a daga sassan duniya suna samun damar sada zumunci ta hanyar tattaunawa, wato, ta hanyar yin Magana ko kiran bidiyo (Ɓideo Call) ko kuma tattaunawa ta hanyar musayar saƙo, wato, chats (Maimota, 2021: 121-122)

2.1 Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa na Shafukan Sada Zumunta na Intanet

Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa na shafukan sada zumunta, waɗanda da Turanci ake kira Online Hausa Noɓels, ƙagaggun labarai ne da ake rubutawa a shafukan sada zumunta na zamani. ana rubuta su yawanci a wayoyin hannu tare da amfani da Cibiyar sadarwa wadda take amfani da intanet. Bayan an rubuta, marubutan na watsawa a ƙananan shafukansu ko su tura a ƙungiyoyi na Fezbuk a Waz’Af da sauransu (Maimota, 2021)

2.2 Samuwar Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa a Shafukan Intanet

Ana iya cewa an fara samun labaran zuben Hausa a farfajiyar Intanet a tsakanin shekarar 2003 a majalisar marubuta ta Intanet, wato yahoo group wanda Farfesa Abdalla Uba Adamu ya buɗe wanda ya kasance wani zaure da ya tattara marubuta na Adabin Kasuwar Kano, domin tattaunawa da gyara da kawo duk wasu hanyoyi da za su ciyar da rubutu da marubuta gaba. A wannan zaure a karon farko aka fara samun rubuce-rubuce na Hausa a Intanet, har aka kai ga fara samun ‘yan gajerun labaran zube na Hausa wanda da haka ne ake alaƙanta samuwar rubutun zuben Hausa a Intanet da majalisar marubuta ta intanet (Kabir 2022).

Labaran zuben Hausa a farfajiyar Intanet da ake kira littattafan “soshiyal midiya” ko littattafan “intanet” waɗanda tauraruwarsu ta fara haskawa tsakanin shekara ta 2013-2014. Hakan ya biyo bayan sallacewar da ake ganin Adabin Kasuwar Kano ya fara yi musamman daga tsakanin shekarun 2008-2018 (Sabe, 2019:419-420) Maimota (2021:121) ta tabbatar da haka in da ta ce “… karance-karance ta Intanet ya karaɗe duniya baki ɗaya. Wannan na daga cikin dalilan da suka sa aka sami koma-baya ƙwarai a harkar rubutu da karatun littattafan ƙagaggun labarain Hausa. …”

Dangane da samuwa da yawaitar labaran Hausa a kafar intanet Maimota (2021) da Kabir, (2022) sun tabbatar an fara samun wannan nau’in adabi da marubutansa a shekarar 2013.

2.3 Marubutan Soshiyal Midiya

Marubutan intanet ko onlayin ko soshiyal midiya, marubuta ne da ke sharafinsu na rubutu a farfajiyar intanet, galibinsu matasa ne da ke tsakanin shekaru 18 zuwa 30. Sannan mata sun fi yawa duk da cewa akwai maza amma idan aka haɗa su da yawan marubuta mata, haƙiƙa mazan ‘yan ƙalilan za a kira su.

Yawancin lokuta ba a lokaci ɗaya suke yin rubutunsu ba, suna yi ne kaɗan-kaɗan suna saki a kafofin sadarwa da suke amfani da su domin makarantansu su karanta, irin su Fesbuk, Wassaf, Watfad, Telegiram, Manhajar Bakandamiya. Wasu labaran na kyauta ne, yayin da wasu kuma na kuɗi ne, amma ko na kuɗin wani lokaci sukan ba da ɗanɗanon wasu shafuka na labarin kyauta ga makarantan, abin da suke kira (free pages).

Sannan galibi ba su sanya sunayensu na ainahi a labaran, sai dai su saka wasu sunaye na daban da ke nuni da inkiya ko alkunya ko kyankyanta. Ga yadda wasu daga cikin sunayen suke da littattafan da suka rubuta:

·         Benazir Omar  - Ke Ce Gudaliya

·         Umm Jeddah  - Laifi

·         Asisi B. Aliyu  - Fulanin Birni

·         Umm Asgar  - Maryamu

·         Maman Haneef - Mai Gaskiya

·         Haupha  - Muguwar Yaudara

·         Maman Nusaiba - Hafsat

·         Zulaiheart Rano - Sargarta

·         Nabiya Sani  - Ɗan Kidnapping

·         Mai Dambu  - Baƙin Haure

·         Ummu Nasmah - Jalala

·         Ɗeyyersherthul Humaerath - Ɓiɗeen

·         Momyn Ahlan  - Colonel Ubaidullah

·         Umma Muhammad - Wutar Kara

·         Yareema Saheed - Zanen Ruwa

·         Autar Mama  - Dr Yasmeen

·         Maman NurulHuda - A Kan Matata

·         Aunty A’isha JB - Amnoor

·         Fatey Zahraah  - Hooriyah

·         Princess Amrah - Dare Dubu (Ibrahim 2019, Maimota, 2021, Kabir 2022, Indabo 2024).

2.4 Bangwayen Labaran Intanet da abin da suka ƙunsa

A wannan ɓangaren an kawo nau’ukan wasu labaran zuben Hausa na Intanet da suka samu a ƙarni na 21, an kuma bayyana yadda manufar labaran ke yin hannun riga da hoton jikin bangon.

a.     Littafin Mamana ce na Hauwa’u Salisu (Haupha)

Labarin wata yarinya ce mai suna Halimatu Aliyu da aka fi sani da (Amrah), Halimatu ta kasance ɗiya ga mutum biyu masu matsala ta musamman, domin mahaifiyarta mahaukaciya ce, mahaifinta kuma kurma ne, sannan gurgu ne.

A gefe ɗaya kuma akwai wani ɗan sarki mai gadara marar tausayi, da hanya ta biyo da shi ta ƙauyen su Halimatu abin tsautsayi mahaifiyar Halimatu ta gitto masa a titi shi kuwa ya mareta. Ita kuma Halimatu ta sha alwashin sai ta rama wa mahaifiyarta marin komai daren daɗewa.

Amma a bangon littafin sai ake sanya hoton wata yarinya sanye da hijabi tana murmushi cikin annashuwa, a matsayin Halimatu da take cikin ƙunci da ta sha alwashin ramawa mahaifiyarta marin da aka yi mata.

b.    Littafin Hafsat na Sarat Alƙasum (Maman Nusaiba)

Yana ɗauke ne da labarin tsantsar soyayya da Hafsat ta yi, duk da tsananin son masoyinta da take a ƙarshe ba ta aure shi ba, sai dai ta auri wani daban, shi kuwa ya yi ta azabtar da ita har sai da ta gwammace kiɗa da karatu.

A labarin an bayyana Halima a matsayin cikakkiyar Bahaushiya wadda ta zamo cikin damuwa da ɓacin rai, amma a jikin bangon sai aka sanya wata Baturiya da babu alamar wata damuwa a tattare da ita.

 

c.     Littafin Sangarta na Zulaiheart Rano

Labari ne a kan wata sangantacciyar budurwa mai suna Ameesha wadda mahaifinta ya shagwaɓata gaya, babu abin da mahaifinata bai iya yi a kanta ya zaɓi ran kowa ya ɓaci har da mahaifiyarta matuƙar dai ita za ta yi farin ciki. Ganin tsananin so da mahaifinta ke mata, wanda har ya kai ta sangarce ya sa abokin mahaifinta ya sa aka kaɗe ta da mota, wanda sanadin haka ta gamu da ciwon mantuwa, wato, (Loose of Memory).

Sai dai a jikin bangon littafin sai aka sanya hoton wasu jaruman Indiyawa su biyu, mace da namiji.

d.    Littafin Ɗan Kidnapping na Nabiya Sani

Labarin wani mutum ne mai garkuwa da mutane da ya kasance yana da fuska biyu, wato a cikin al’ummar gari da ‘yan uwan shi. Amma a baɗini ƙasurgumin mai laifi ne wanda ke aikata ta’addancin garkuwa da mutane da sauran ayyuka na ɓir.

Amma a bangon littafin sai aka sanya wani Bature mai suna, Mark mai yin tallace-tallacen motsa jiki.

e.     Littafin Toufeeƙ na Hafsat A. Garkuwa (Momyn Seeyamah)

Labari ne da ake gina shi kan soyayya a gefe ɗaya kuwa shi masoyin wato Taufeeƙ ya jarabtu da tsananin shan taba sigari, wanda ta kai har idan bai sha sigari b aba ya samun nutsuwa. Lamarin da a ƙarshe sigarin ta illata mashi lafiyarsa abin da ya yi sanadiyyar zama ajalinsa. Sai dai a jikin bangon sai aka sanya wani jarumin fim ɗin Indiya da yake fitowa a fina-finai masu dogon zango kuma a bangon yana cikin walwalarsa.

Littafin Doctor Hassan na Rasheedat Usman (Ummu Nasmah)

Labari ne na wasu masoya guda biyu wato Falmata da masoyinta kuma mijinta Doctor Hassan wanda suke matuƙar son juna kamar su mutu, sakamakon amincewa da suka yi da juna, hakan ya samo asali ne sanadiyyar tsananin ƙiyayyar duk ‘yan uwanta a kan Hassan domin kuwa babu mai ƙaunarsa, ita ce dai ta kafe sai ta aure shi, kuma ta samu nasarar cikar burinta, sai dai katsam da rana tsaka mahaifin Hassan ya yi ɓatan dabo, yayin da shi kuma Hassan ya mayar da akalar zargin ɓacewar mahaifinsa kan mahaifan Falmata, abin da ya ɗaure mata kai matuƙa, kuma a ƙarshe ya rusa zaman jindaɗin da suke yi na masoya, zuwa tsantsar ƙiyayya.

Shi ma a bangon wannan littafi hoton wani jarumin Indiya ne aka sanya a matsayin likita Hassan wato Doctor Hassan, maimak a ga hoton Bahaushe.

f.     Littafin Matar Police na Aisha Sani Abdullahi (Ɗeyyersherthul – Humaerath).

Labari ne da aka gina kan tsantsar soyayya da yarinta ta matar wani ɗan sanda sakamakon ƙuruciya da ana iya kiranta barkwanci zalla.

Amma a jikin bangon littafin sai aka sanya wata jarumar Indiya sanye da kayan ‘yan sandan Indiya.

g.    Littafin Baƙin Haure na Ramlat Manga (Mai Dambu)

Labarin ya ƙunshi halin da ‘yan gudun hijira suke fuskanta idan suka yi rashin sa’a suka faɗa mugun hannu. Sai kuma a gefe ɗaya labarin ya taɓo matsalar rikicin ahali irin abin da ke faruwa a babban gida irin na gandu da a kuma in da ya shafi safarar ‘ya’ya mata da kuma lamarin karuwanci. Amma a jikin bangon littafin hoton wata yarinya ce Baturiya da aka samar da hoton ta hanyar ƙirƙirarriyar basira (Artificial Intelligence).

h.    Littafin Gawurtaccen Soja ko Colonel Ubaidullahi

Labari ne na wani zaƙaƙuri kuma gawurtaccen soja. Amma a jikin bangon littafin sai aka sanya hoton wani jarumin fina-finan Indiya sanye da kayan soja wato Ram Charam.

i.     Littafin Ƙaddarata ce na Fatima Bello Bala (Zahrah BB)

Labari ne a kan auren Bazawara, ya shafi irin tataɓurzar da ake yi da wasu iyayen waɗanda ke hana ‘ya’yansu su auri matar da ta taɓa yin aure a yayin da za su auren farko. Haka zalika yadda wasu matasan su ma ba su iya auren Bazawara, wato abin ya shi fifita matsayar al’ada sama da halascin abun a addini.

Amma a jikin bango sai aka saka hoton wata Baturiya tsaye a cikin fulawoyi da furanni ta rufe fuskarta da hula malfa.

Ƙalubale Dangane da Sanya Hoton Taurari da ba Hausawa ba a Bangon Labari

Idan aka yi duba a tsanaki dangane da bangwayen littattafan labaran zuben Hausa na intanet a ƙarni na 21, za a ga cewa galibi bangwayen littattafan daban, haka alƙiblar labaran daban, domin a yawancin lokuta babu dangantaka kowace iri tsakanin abin da ke jikin bango ko bangayen littattafan da kuma labaran.

Sanya hotuna na wasu al’umomi da ba Hausawa ba na iya zama ƙalubale ga karɓuwar labari musamman ga wanda bai waye da yaya hakan ke faruwa ba. Domin za a iya tsammanin labarai ne aka yi da Hausa, amma ba a kan Hausawa ko ƙasar Hausa aka gina shi ba. Wato kamar an rubuta labaran ne kaɗai da harshen Hausa, amma ba labarai ba ne da suka shafi Hausawa ko waɗanda aka gina kan al’ummar Hausawa ba. A ɓangare ɗaya wannan nazari ya fahimci akwai tasirin wasu al’ummomi da ba Hausawa ba a labaran musamman yadda galibin labaran suke yin hannun riga da tarbiyya da al’ada da tsarin zamantakewar Bahaushe. Haka ne ya sanya ake ganin bangayen littattafan daban, labaran littattafan daban. Wasu kuma labaran fassararru da baddalallun labaran da littattafan ƙasashen ƙetare ne musamman Indiya da Amurka da Turkiyya da Sin sai ɗauki al’adun waɗannan al’ummu a jingina a ba wa Hausawa. Wasu mawallafan kuwa son kwalliya ko sha’awar sanya hoto mai kyau ne yake sanya wa suke ɗaukar hoton jarumai mata da maza na Indiyawa ko Larabawa ko Amurkawa su sanya shi a bangon littafinsu, alhali labarin an gina shi ne kacokan kan Bahaushiyar al’ada. Wasu ma ba su san ko hoton waye ba, kawai dai za su sanya mai aikin na’ura mai ƙwaƙwalwa su ce a yi masu bangon littafi mai kyau. Wani lokaci ma akan sake tsara hoton ta yadda akan sanya wa jaruman kayan da nufin su ne taurarin da ke cikin labarin Hausawa, wani lokaci kuma akan bar Jaruman da kaya ko shigar da suke yi a wani fim. Misali a littafin “Abba Ne” na Sarat Alƙasum (Maman Nusaiba) jarumin Indiya ne Allu Arjun a matsayin Abba a hoton bangon littafin, sai hoton wata jinjira da aka nuna yana ɗauke da ita.

Haka a littafin Hauwa’u Salisu (Haupha) a bangon littafin hotunan jaruman Indiyawa ne mata da yawa, aka sanya wato yadda suka fito a wani fim.

Haka a littafin Momyn Ahlan wato DSP Aliyu Haidar hoton jarumin Indiya ne mai suna Ɓijaya Hoon Surya hoton jarumin Indiya ne da irin shigar da ya yi ta Ɗan Sanda inda motarsa a cikin fim ɗin Main Hoon Surya ko (Narasinham\Singam 2)

Kammalawa

Wannan bincike an gudanar da shi domin a haska yadda mawallafa labaran Hausa na shafukan intanet ke sanya hotunan bangwan labarai da ba su yi daidai da ƙunshiyar labarin da suka kawo ba. Wannan dalili ya sa aka kira takardar da sunan “Ƙwai Daban Abin Cikin Ƙwan Daban.” An kuma yi tsokaci kan yadda a duniyar ilmi tsarin bangon littafi yake, wato ana sa ran hoton da aka gani ya zama ya haska labarin da za a tarar.

Wannan bincike ya gano cewa marubutan soshiyal mediya un fi mayar da hankali wajen sanya kyawawan hotunan jaruman finafinan ƙasashen ƙetare da wasu hotuna da suke samu a rumbunan samar da hotuna a kafafen intanet. Binciken ya fahimci ko da yanayin ƙasa ne sun fi sanya ƙasashen waje waɗanda ba su yi kama da ƙasar Hausa ba. Domin a fahimci yaya abin yake takardar ta waiwayi ayyuka da aka yin a ilmi da suka shafi shafukan sada zumunta na intanet an kuma bayyana ma’anar labaran shafukan sada zumunta da taƙaitaccen tarihin samuwarsu da marubuta wannan, adabi. A yayin tsokaci an kawo misalan labarn da ke ɗauke da matsalar da wannan bincike ya tattauna. Wato an bayyana ƙunshiyar labaran an kuma kawo hotunan bangon kowanne. Daga ƙarshe aka kawo rataye na samfuran waɗannan bangwaye.

Manazarta

Abu Sabe, B. (2019) “Adabin Kasuwar Kano” Samuwa da Jigogi da Siffofi, Cikin Labarn Hausa A Rubuce 1927-2018. Shf 396-432 Edita, Malumfashi, I. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press and Publishers.

Diso, A. I. (2016) “Hanyoyin Tallata Ayyukan Marubuta a Yanar Gizo-Gizo.” Takarda da aka Gabatar a Taron Ranar Marubuta ta Duniya. 26 ga Maris, Kano: Gidan Mambayya.

Ibrahim, B. (2019) “Mata Marubuta a Ƙasar Hausa.” Cikin Labarin Hausa A Rubuce 1927-2018. Shf na 452-480. Edita Malumfashi, I. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press and Publishers.

Ibrahim, B. (2009) “Gudummuwar Mata Ga Haɓaka Rubutaccen Adabin Hausa” Kundin Digiri Na Uku:Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya Sokoto Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Kabir, J. (2022) “Adabin Bariki Tsokaci Kan Sabon Rubutun Zuben Hausa a Ƙarni na 21.”Kundin Digiri Na Biyu.Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya Da Kimiyyar Harshe:Kaduna Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna

Maimota, A. S. (2023) Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa a Ƙarni na Ashirin da Ɗaya (Tare da Hanyoyin Nazarinsu). Kano: Gidan Dabino.

Maimota, A. S. (2021)”Kwatanta Wasu Littattafan Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa Da Wasu Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa Na Shafukan Sada Zumunta Na Intanet” Kundin Digiri Na Uku Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya: Kano, Jami’ar Bayero.

Shehu, M. da Rambo, R. A (2019) “Shafin Sada Zumunta na Was’Af (WhatsApp)”Tasirinsa ga Lalacewar Tarbiyyar ‘yayan Hausawa.” Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies. Vol 1, Issue 6. Kenya: East African Scholars.

Yakasai, S. A. (2018) “Alaƙar Mawaƙi da Al’umma: Tsokaci Cikin Shafukan Zumunta a Kafar Sadarwa ta Intanet.” Maƙala da aka Gabatar a Taron Dangin Juna Masoya Ala Faundation. Asabar, 23 ga Yuni, 2018. Kano: Gidan Mambayya.

Yakasai, S. A. (2024) “Digital Electronic Deɓices, Growing Dominance of Writing and the Preserɓation of Language and Culture in Hausa Society.” 47^th Inaugural Lecture. 18^th July, 2024, Sokoto: Usmanu Danfodiyo University.

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Tattaunawa da marubuciya Aysha JB ta kafar WhatsApp a ranar 1/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Zahra Abdul (Momyn Ahlan) ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 03/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Aisha A. Garkuwa ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 04/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Hauwa’u Salisu (Haupha) ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 05/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Fatima Bello Bala ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 12/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Nadiya Sani ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 12/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Rasheeda Usman (Ummu Nasrah) ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 15/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuciya Aisha Sani Abdullahi ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 16/03/2024

Tattaunawa da marubuci/ɗanjarida Adamu Yusuf Inabo ta kafar Wassaf a ranar 17/03/2024 – 20/03/24.

Ratayen wasu Hotuna na Bangayen Labarun Zuben Hausa na Intanet a ƙarni na 21