Sauye-Sauyen Zamani a Wasu Sarautun Sana’o’in Gargajiya Da Ayyukansu a Garin Kano (Kashi Na Hudu)

Article Citation: Suleiman, M. (2025). Sauye-sauyen zamani a wasu sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya da ayyukansu a garin Kano [Master’s dissertation]. Department of Nigerian Languages, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto.

SAUYE-SAUYEN ZAMANI A WASU SARAUTUN SANA’O’IN GARGAJIYA DA AYYUKANSU A GARIN KANO

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SULEIMAN Musa
Email: musasuleiman424@gmail.com  
Phone: 08061256096

BABI NA UKU

HANYOYIN GUDANAR DA BINCIKE

3.0 Shimfiɗa

Bisa ga al’ada ta kowane bincike na ilimi, ya zama dole a bi wasu sahihan hanyoyi domin kauce wa kitso da ƙwarƙwata. Wannan ne ya sanya babin ya bi wasu sahihan hanyoyi domin samo nagartattun bayanai. Babin ya yi bayani yadda aka kai ziyara ga sarakunan sana’o’in gargajiya, da kuma tattaunawa da aka yi da su, inda aka samu nagartattun bayanai. Sannan an yi bayani a kan tuntuɓar masana da manazarta al’adun Hausawa da kuma nazartar rubuce-rubuce. Haka kuma, babin ya kawo yadda aka tuntuɓi kafafen yaɗa labarai da jaridu da kuma intanet. Daga ƙarshe, babin ya yi bayani a kan hanyoyin tantance bayanai da bitar ra’in bincike da kuma naɗewa.

3.1 Ziyara

A ƙoƙarin tabbatar da sahihancin wannan bincike, an ziyarci fadar Sarakunan sana’o’in gargajiya, musamman waɗanda aka gudanar da wannan bincike a kan su tare da wasu hakimansu. An yi haka domin gane wa ido yadda tsarin sarautun suke a garin Kano. An yi wannan ziyara ne domin tabbatar da maganar da Hausawa suke cewa: “Gani ya kori ji”. Haka kuma, binciken ya kai irin wannan ziyara gidan tarihi na Birnin Kano (Gidan Makama) domin ya farauto wasu bayanai masu alaƙa da wannan bincike. Bincike bai yi ƙasa a guiwa ba, ya leƙa kafafen yaɗa labarai domin kalato bayanai masu alaƙa da wannan nazari.

3.1.1 Tattaunawa da Masana

Nazarin ya yi ƙoƙarin ganin ya tattauna da waɗanda aka ziyarta, domin samun nagartattun bayanai. Masu iya magana kan ce: “Waƙa a bakin mai ita ta fi daɗi”. A ƙoƙarin gudanar da wannan tattaunawa, an zaɓi waɗanda aka tattauna da su a cikin tsarin rukuni-rukuni, inda suka haɗa da:

        I.            An tattauna da wasu daga cikin rukunin masu riƙe da sarautun sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya. An a gudanar da wannan hirar ne domin samun ingantattun bayanai daga gare su a kan yadda suke gudanar da al’amuran da suka shafi sarautunsu. Daga cikin waɗanda aka tattauna da su akwai: Yusuf Usman daga cikin ‘ya’yan Sarkin Ƙiran Kano, da Balarabe Hassan Ka iya gini, ɗaya daga cikin magin a unguwar Ƙofar mazugal. Sannan an tattauna da Lawan Gwadabe Sarkin gini da shamakin Sarkin fawan Kano Malam Abubakar Hamisu da Dr. Datti Sani likitan dabbobi da malama Nafi’u Uba Muhammad ɗaya daga cikin ‘ya’yan Sarkin ɗorin Kano.

     II.            Binciken ya yi ƙoƙarin tattaunawa da mahukunta masu ruwa-da-tsaki na gidan adana kayan tarihi na Kano, domin lalubo bayanai masu alaƙa da wannan bincike. An tattauna da malam Ibrahim Hussaini Dawaki, masani akan tarihin masarautar Kano.

  III.            An tattauna kai tsaye da sarakunan waɗannan sana’o’i domin samun cikakken tarihin sana’o’in sarautarsu. Daga cikin waɗanda aka tattauna da su akwai: Sarkin fawan Kano Alhaji Isyaku Alin Muli da Sarkin ɗorin Kano Alhaji Uba Muhammad da Sarkin ginin Kano Alhaji Abdulkadir Muhammad da kuma Sarkin Ƙiran Kano Usman Muhammad Muhammad. Sannan an dubi matasa da suke gudanar da waɗannan sana’o’i domin su haska yadda suke kallon sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya a yau.

  IV.            Haka kuma, an ziyarci masarautar Kano domin tattaunawa da manyan bayin Sarkin Kano waɗanda suke da masaniya a kan irin waɗannan sarautu na sana’o’in gargajiya, aka tattauna da Ɗanrimin Kano da Shamakin Kano da kuma Sallaman Kano, domin samun ƙarin haske a kan wannan bincike.

3.1.2 Tuntuɓar Manazarta

Aikin bai yi ƙasa a guiwa ba wajen tuntuɓar masana al’adun Hausawa ba. An yi haka ne, domin samun shawarwari da za su ɗora aikin a kan godaben da ya dace, ta yadda ba zai kauce daga hanyar nagartaccen bincike ba. Daga cikin manazarta da aka tuntuɓa akwai: Ferfesa Aliyu Muhammad Bunza na sashen koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato da Farfesa Magaji Azare na sashen koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero Kano. Haka kuma an tuntuɓi Dr. Asiya Malam Nafi’u ta sashen koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar ilimi ta Yusuf Maitama Sule da ke Kano.

3.2 Nazarin Rubuce-Rubuce

Kasancewar magabata sun yi abin a zo a gani ta fuskar rubuce-rubuce. Aikin ya mayar da hankali wajen nazartar rubuce-rubucen da aka yi, domin lalubo bayanai masu alaƙa da wannan aiki. An yi bitar kundayen bincike, saboda ingancin da suke da shi. Daga nan sai a dubi littattafai da mujallu da maƙalu da aka gabatar a tarukan ƙara wa juna sani.

3.3 Tuntuɓar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai da Jaridu

Gudummawar da kafafen yaɗa labarai suke bayarwa ta fuskar rayar da al’adun Hausawa, abin dubawa ne. Wannan dalilin ya sa bincike ya ga dacewar tuntuɓar su domin gudun kada a yi tuya a manta da albasa. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya bibiyi jaridu domin lalubo muhimman bayanai da suke ɗauke da shi; waɗanda suke da alaƙa da wannan nazari. An yi haka ne domin ƙoƙarin ganin an ƙara wa Borno dawaki. Daga cikin gidajen rediyon da aka tuntuɓa akwai gidan rediyon Arewa da ke Kano. An samu bayanai akan sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya da asalin su, a cikin shirin su na “Daga masarautar Kano”. Haka kuma, an tuntuɓi gidan rediyon Express, inda ka samu muhimmn bayanai a kan yadda zamani ya yi tasiri a kan sarautu a cikin shirin su mai taken “ Musan masarautunmu”. Sannan an ziyarci gidan rediyon Aminci, inda aka samu bayanai akan tarihin ƙasar Kano da wasu muhimman muƙamai na wannan masarauta. An samu waɗannan bayanai ne a cikin shirin su mai take “Masarautunmu”, wanda ake tattaunawa da malam Ibrahim Hussaini Dawaki ɗaya daga cikin masanan tarihin masarautar Kano. Bugu da ƙari, an ziyarci gidan jaridar leadership, inda aka samu bayani masu dangantaka da wannan bincike a cikin shirin mai taken “Kundin masarautu”. Tabbas waɗannan kafafe da jaridu sun ba da gagarumar gudummawa wajen samun wasu muhimman bayanai da suka jiɓanci wannan bincike.

3.4 Kafar Sadarwa ta Intanet

Idan kiɗa ya sauya, ya zama tilas rawa ma ta sauya. Wannan ya faru ne sakamakon ɓullowar kafar samar da bayanai ta intanet. Wannan nazari ba kau da kai ga kafar ba, saboda alfanun da ke tattare da ita. An yi haka ne inda aka farauto wasu ayyuka da masana da manazarta suka wallafa masu alaƙa da wannan bincike. Daga cikin kafafen da aka kalato waɗannan bayanai akwai jaridar “Hausa Leadership”[1] wadda ake wallafa ta a intanet, inda ka samu bayanai akan tarihin naɗin wasu sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya a ƙarƙashin masarautar Kano. Sai kuma “Amsoshi”, inda ka samu mujallu da maƙalu masu alaƙa da wannan nazari. Haka kuma, an samu wasu bayanai da suke da dangantaka da wannan aikin a kafar “Rumbun Ilimi” da kuma “Goggle”.

3.5 Hanyoyin Tantance Bayanan Bincike

A wannan mataki, an tattara bayanan da aka samo a lokacin ziyara da tattaunawa da waɗanda wannan bincike ya shafa. Sannan a zaɓi waɗanda suka dace da wannan aiki, inda aka yi amfani da kowane a wurin da ya dace. Misali: Bayanan da suka shafi sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya da sauye-sauyen da aka samu jiya da yau, aka sanya su a ƙarƙashin kanunsu. Haka kuma, aka fito da wasu kanun da suka ƙunshi ayyukansu, da tushensu, da matsayi, da kuma gudummawarsu. Bugu da ƙari, aka fito da kanun da za su yi bayanin tunanin Bahaushe a kan sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya.

3.6 Ra’in Bincike

Ra’i shi ne wani makami wanda kan iya bayar da haske a kan wani abu da ake iya gani da tantancewa ko aka tara wani bayani a kansa (Longman, 2003:692). Shi kuwa Bunza, (2022:7). Yana ganin cewa: Ra’i shi ne wani tunani na wani ko wasu da ya yi canjaras da wata maɓuɓɓuga ta ilimi da aka jarraba aka ci nasara cib-da-cib, ko aka ci rabi ko wani daga cikin rabin. Kenan, babbar manufar ra’i ita ce hanyar ɗora aiki. Hanyar ɗora aiki takan kasance ɗaya ko fiye matuƙar sun yi kunnen doki da ƙunshiyar aikin, sadaka ta gamu da amin.

Bisa ga haka, wannan bincike da aka gudanar, an iya amfani da “Ra’in Sauyin Al’adu da Ci gaban Al’umma” (Theory of Social Change, Cultural Evolution, and Human Development) a matsayin hanyar da aka ɗora aikin.

Wannan ra’i ya samo asali ne daga wani masanin zamantakewa mai suna Greenfield a shekarar (2009-2016). Ra’in yana da manufa ta duba yanayin sauyin da ake samu a cikin al’umma ta fuskar al’adu da kuma ci gaban da ake samu a cikinsu. Musamman daga karkara zuwa birane, da noma zuwa sana’o’i, da ƙarancin ilimi zuwa masu ilimi, da ƙarami zuwa magidanci, da kuma sauye-sauyen da ake samu ta fuskar sadarwa da ƙere-ƙere, da sauran sauye-sauyen da suka shafi rayuwa ta yau da kullum.

Tarihin ra’in ya faro ne sakamakon cuɗanya da ta wanzu tsakanin mutanen ƙasar Mexico waɗanda suka yo hijira zuwa ƙasar Amuruka.[2] Ra’in ya samu tagomashin wasu ayyuka da aka gudanar ta hanyar ɗora su a kan tafarkinsa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu sun haɗa da: Aikin da aka gudanar a kan sauye-sauyen al’adun Larabawan Israel a sakamakon sauyin muhalli daga ƙauyuka zuwa birane. Misalansu sun haɗa da: Weistock, A da Wasu (2014). “Societal Change and Value In Arab Communities In Israel: Intergeneration and Rural-urban Comparisons”. da Chen, X. Da Wasu (2010). “Percieved Social Change and Childrearing Attittude In China. da Weistock, M. (2015). “ Changing Epistimologies Under Condition of Social Change In Two Arab Communities In Israel.

Manufar wannan binciken ta duba sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya da sauye-sauyen al’adun da ke tattare da su ta yi canjaras da ta ra’in ta duba yanayin sauyin da ake samu a cikin al’umma ta fuskar al’adu da kuma ci gaban da ake samu a cikinsu. Haka kuma, ra’in ya zama jagora ga binciken ta ɓangaren gano tushen sarautun sana’o’in gargajiya, da kuma ayyukansu da killace sauye-sauyen al’adun da ke tattare da su.

3.7 Naɗewa

A wannan an yi bayani a kan hanyoyin gudanar da bincike, inda aka yi bayani a kan ziyara da tattaunawa da aka yi da sarakunan sarautun sana’o’in. An kawo bayani a kan tuntuɓar masana da manazarta al’adun Hausawa da kuma nazarin rubuce-rubuce masu alaƙa da wannan bincike. Babin ya yi bayani a kan tuntuɓar kafafen yaɗa labarai da jaridu da intanet. Daga ƙarshe, babin ya kawo hanyoyin tantance bayanai da ra’in bincike da kuma naɗewa.

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[1] Wannan jarida ana wallafa ta a kafar intanet, a cikin shafin “Kundun masarautu”.

[2] www.Sciencedirect.com