Wasan Kwaikwayo a Wake: Nazarin Wasan Kwaikwayo Na ‘Yar Halas

Citation: Guibi, I.I. (2025). Wasan Kwaikwayo a Waƙe: Nazarin Wasan Kwaikwayo Na ‘Yar Halas. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, 4(2), 19-23. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2025.v04i02.003.

WASAN KWAIKWAYO A WAƘE: NAZARIN WASAN KWAIKWAYO NA ‘YAR HALAS

Na

Is`haq Idris Guibi (PhD)
Sashen Nazarin Harsuna
Kwalejin Kaduna Foliteknik, Kaduna
guibi2017@gmail.com
08023703754/08104884633

Tsakure

Wasan kwaikwayo na ‘Yar Halas na Mahmoon Baba-Ahmed wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2001 wani sabon babi ne a adabin Hausa, domin kuwa wasan kwaikwayo ne a waƙe. Shigen rubuce-rubucen fitattacen marubucin nan na ƙasar Turai Shakespare. Wasan kwaikwayo, da waƙa, da zube tubala ne na adabi na ka, ko na zamani. A adabin zamani akwai rubutaccen zube kamar Magana Jari Ce da Ruwan Bagaja duk na Abubakar Imam, da rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo kamar Jatau Na Kyallu da Zamanin Nan Namu duk na Shu’aibu Maƙarfi, da rubutacciyar waƙa kamar su Waƙar Nijeriya ta Shehu Shagari, da waƙoƙin Sa’adu Zungur ko Mu’azu Haɗeja. Kowanne ɓangare cin gashin kansa yake yi kodayake akan samu ɓurɓushin wani a cikin wani. Tafiya ta yi tafiya yau ga Wasan kwaikwayo a waƙe. Wannan takarda ta yi nazari a kan wasan ‘Yar Halas ta bin matakan nazarin wasan kwaikwayo. Nazarin ya yi bitar wasu ayyukan da suka gabata a taƙaice, da zubi da tsari, da salon sarrafa harshe, da jigo da taurari.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Wasan Kwaikwayo, Waƙe, ‘Yar Halas

1.0 Gabatarwa

Wasan kwaikwayo na ‘Yar Halas na Mahmoon Baba-Ahmed an gina shi ne a kan labarin wata yarinya mai suna Larai da ta yi wa saurayinta alƙawarin aure. Sai dai mahaifiyar Larai mai suna Marka ta ƙi saboda ita so take Larai ta auri wani mai kuɗi ita kuwa Larai ba ta son mai kuɗin. Dabarar da ta yi ta jefa dutse a rijiya don a zaci ita ce ta faɗa ciki, ta taimaka mata wajen tserewa daga auren dole da kuma masifar uwarta. A lokacin da Larai ta shiga uwa duniya ta ɗanɗana wahalhalu iri daban-daban.

Ga sharrin barayi a daji waɗanda suka yaudare ta cewa za su taimake ta, daga baya suka cuce ta. Taimakon da wasu Fulani makiyaya suka mata ya kai ta sake faɗawa cikin wani hali kwantankwacin wanda ya sa ta baro gida. Ta tsinci kanta a gidan sarkin fawar Tunga, ya neme ta da aure ta ƙi. Ƙin aurensa ya sa Larai da Awwal suka sake ɓacewa juna bayan haɗuwarsu a Tungar. Saboda ƙawancen da ya ƙullu tsakanin Larai da wata yarinya Asabe wacce ‘ya ce ga Sarkin Fawa, suka rankaya yawon duniya tare har suka samu aiki a gidan burodi. Manajan gidan burodin Alhaji Salisu, da babban ɗan mai gidan burodin Alhaji Gali suka auka cikin kogin soyayyar Larai da Asabe saboda tsabar kyawon su, da kamun kai da biyayyyarsu. Asabe ta auri manaja amma ciwon son da Larai ke yi wa Awwal ya hana ta karya alƙawarin da ta yi. Ta ƙi auren Gali duk da daular da ya sa ta a ciki. Kwatsam! Ta ji labarin bayyanar abin ƙaunarta Awwal a Mararrabar Jos, zuciyarta ta sake tafarfasa da zaburarta zuwa gare shi. A nan ma ta tarar da wani babban shinge da ya shiga tsakaninta da tauraron zuciyarta da ta daɗe tana sa ran ya kashe mata wutar soyayyar da ta ruru a zuciyarta. Domin kuwa a daidai wannan lokaci ne Awwal wanda ya zama Shago ko Ɗandunawa a fagen dambe ya nutse cikin harkar rayuwar duniya, ya shantake game da neman Larai wacce sonta ya tilasta masa barin karkararsu, ya fada cikin tarkon wata guzumar tsohuwar karuwa kuma tatacciyar ‘yar iska. Larai ta yi tata dabarar ta ceto rabin ranta Awwal ta kuma nuna ita ‘Yar Halas ce bisa alƙawarin da ta ɗaukar wa kanta tun farko cewa za ta aure shi. Suka koma gida aka ɗaura masu aure.

2.0 Bitar Wasu Daga Cikin Ayyukan Da Suka Gabata

Ferfasa Mu’azu Zariya wanda a shekarar 2002 ya wallafa littattafai guda uku a kan darussan Tsarin Sauti, da Jimlolin Hausa, da Karorin Harshen Hausa duk a waƙe, da ya kira Alfiyyar Mu’azu Sani. Sai dai bai fitar da amsa amon waɗannan waƙoƙi ba. Haka nan a Waƙar Nijeriya (1973/1984), darussan labarin ƙasa da tarihi da Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya koyar a lokacin da yake malamin makaranta inda ya mayar da su waƙe saboda kamar yadda ya faɗi, ya lura yara sun fi saurin haddace darasin da aka koya masu a waƙe ba wasan kwaikwayo ne aka mayar waƙe ba.

Gobir da Sani (2021) sun kawo misalan waƙoƙin da sukan zo cikin sigar wasannin kwaikwayo. Cikinsu har da waƙar dandali ta A Fiffigi Zogale (shafi na 73). A cikinta an kawo hoton yadda kishiya take nuna kishi ga abokiyar zamanta da dangin abokiyar zaman nata. Sannan an nuna yadda mace take tarairayar mijinta da 'yan uwanta yayin da suke iske ta a gidan aure (Gobir da Sani, 2021 sh. 74).

Sani da Gobir (2001) sun kawo misalan wasannin tashe waɗanda suke ɗauke da waƙoƙi. Kai tsaye waƙoƙin sukan kasance cikin sigar wasan kwaikwayo. Misalansu sun haɗa da waƙar wasan Jatau Mai Magani da na Zule-Zulayya da sauransu.

2.1 Zubi Da Tsarin Wasan ‘Yar Halas

Kama daga wasannin kwaikwayo na farko-farko da aka soma bugawa a zamanin mulkin mallaka irin su Wasan Marafa na Abubakar Tinau (1944) mai kashi biyu kawai da shafi 30, da Malam Inkuntum na M.A.Dogon Daji (1944), zuwa kan Uwar Gulma na Mohammed Sada (1968) mai shafi 121,da Malam Muhamman na Bello Muhammed (1974) mai shafi 51, da Kulɓa Na Ɓarna na Umaru Danjuma (1979) mai shafi kusan 70, da Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne na Alhaji Yusuf Ladan (1980) mai shafi 121,da Zamanin Nan Namu na Shu’aibu Makarfi (1959/1970) mai shafi 88, ba a ga wanda ya yi zubi irin na Wasan ‘Yar Halas (1999) mai shafi kusan 300 da ‘yan kai ba.

A wasan Uwar Gulma, Kalmar Ingilishi ta ACT aka yi amfani da ita wajen nuna KASHI, haka nan SCENE wajen nuna FITA. A Wasan Kulba Na Barna KASHI (ACT) da SHIGA (SCENE) marubucin wasan ya yi amfani da shi. Haka nan Wasan Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne ya yi kama da Kulɓa Na Ɓarna a wannan tsari. Sai Shu’aibu Maƙarfi a Wasan Zamanin Nan Namu da ya haɗa da FITOWA da kuma RABO. Shi kuwa a `Yar Halas an yi amfani da KASHI a matsayin ACT, sai SASHI a matsayin SCENE wajen gina wasan ‘Yar Halas wanda ya so ya yi kama da Wasan Matar Mutum Kabarinsa na Bashir Farouk Roukbah (1974) mai shafi 44.

Daga farkon wasan zuwa ƙarshensa akwai kashi biyar da sashe daban-daban inda a kashi na ƙarshe akwai sashe ashirin da biyar. Mafi yawan sashe da aka taɓa gani in aka kwatanta da su Zaman Duniya Iyawa Ne, da Kulɓa Na Ɓarna,da Wasan Marafa da Uwar Gulma. Haka nan kowanne kashi da sashi akwai shigen mai shela domin kuwa za a maka ɗanɗanon abubuwan da za su faru a wannan kashi da sashen. Sai dai ba a fito fili an ce ga mai shela kamar yadda Shu’aibu Makarfi ya yi a cikin Wasansa na Zamanin Nan Namu ba. Marubucin ya yi amfani da wata hikima ta musamman da ta yi kama da mai gabatarwa.

Wasan ‘Yar Halas mai shafi 269 an kasa shi ɓangarori huɗu. Akwai shafukan gabatarwa guda 38 da ba sa cikin shafuka 269 da na ce wasan na da su. A waɗannan shafuka 38 ne marubucin wasan ya yi bayanin sunan wasan, da kamfanin da ya buga, da shekarar da aka wallafa wasan, da sunan mawallafi da hakkin mallaka, da lambobin hakkin mallaka. Sai godiya da sadaukarwa, da gabatarwa da bayani a kan fasalin labarin, da sigar mutanen da ke ciki, da labarin wasan a takaice, da halin duk wanda ke cikin wasan filla-filla, da abin da kowanne ya faɗa ko ya aikata ko aka faɗi a game da shi wanda kyakkyawan tsari ne kuma muhimmi a nazarin wasan kwaikwayo.

Sai shafuka 269 da aka soma a shafi na farko da sunan wasan ‘Yar Halas Kashi Na Ɗaya Sashe na Ɗaya, inda Larai da ƙwayenta ke wasan gaɗa a ƙofar gidan Mai Unguwar Afaka da daddare cikin farin wata.

Wasan ne tiryan-tiryan har shafi na 200 kashi na biyar sashi na ashirin da biyar inda sashin ke bayanin cewa bayan kwana bakwai da komawar Larai sai aka ɗaura mata aure da Awwal. An yi babban buki wanda Asabe da Manaja suka halarta. Wasan dai ya ƙare ne a shafi na 203 da kalmar TAMAT. Da ma yawancin rubutattun waƙoƙi kan buɗe da sunan Allah su ƙare da tamat amma ban da wasan kwaikwayo.

Sai ɓangare na uku na littafin wanda ya soma daga shafi na 204 ya ƙare a shafi na 212. A wannan ɓangare marubucin ya tsara tambayoyi don auna fahimtar mai karatu. Tambayoyi iri uku da ta canki-canka ko kacici-kacici da waɗanda ke buƙatar bayani da waɗanda ke buƙatar a cike gurbi ko zarce ko ƙarasa magana. Wannan tsari ya yi daidai da na makarantu domin auna fahimtar ɗalibai wanda a gaskiya sabon abu ne a rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo na Hausa.

Sai ɓangare na huɗu da aka tsara wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙamus na tsauraran kalmomi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wasan ‘Yar Halas da ma’narsu. Kalmomin sun kusan dubu ɗaya kuma wasu kalmomin har da bayanin asalin harshen da Hausa ta aro daga gare su. Tanadar da wannan rumbun kalmomi da shi kansa wani littafi ne daban da zai iya cin gashin kansa a matsayin ƙamus na Hausa ba ƙaramin ƙoƙari aka yi ba.

A tattare da tsarin wannan littafin, marubucin ya yi amfani da ‘yan wasa 31 da suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasan kamar su:

Mumini > Mijin Marka kuma uban Larai.

Marka > Matar Mumini kuma Uwar Larai.

Larai > Budurwar Awwal (‘Yar Mumini da Marka). Gwarzuwar wasan kuma ‘Yar Halas din.

Awwal > Saurayin Larai.

Tukur > Abokin Awwal.

Maharbi > Wanda Larai ta ɓuya a gidansa.

Bale > Ɗaya daga cikin Fulani uku da suka tsinci Larai kuma masu bin Sarkin Fawa bashi.

Wule > Ɗaya daga cikin Fulani uku da suka tsinci Larai kuma masu bin Sarkin Fawa bashi.

Janare > Ɗaya daga cikin Fulani uku da suka tsinci Larai kuma masu bin Sarkin Fawa bashi

Sarkin Fawa > Sarkin Fawan Tunga (mai son Larai)

Asabe > Ƙawar Larai (‘Yar Sarkin Fawan Tunga).

Jibadau > Ɗan dambe (Abokin karawar Awwal)

Kiritau > Ɗan dambe

Makau > Ɗan dambe

Gizago > Ɗan sanda

Alƙali > Wanda ya ɗaure su Awwal wata shida-shida ko tarar sule hamsin-hamsin.

Mai tuwo > Wacce Larai da Asabe suka zauna a wajenta na ɗan wani lokaci.

Manaja > Manajan gidan burodin Kumburi (Masoyin Asabe)

Gali > Ɗan Alhaji Kumburi (Saurayin Larai)

Kumburi > Uban Gali (Mai kamfanin burodin kumburi)

Fanna > Matar Alhaji Kumburi (Uwar Gali)

Helima > Shugaban leburori a kamfanin gine-gine

Hanne > Tsohuwar karuwa (Masoyiyar Awwal)

Magajiya > Shugabar karuwan Mararrabar Jos

Nana Yauki > Ɗandaudun gidan Magajiya

Jume > Telan da Nana Yauki ya kai masa ɗinkin kaya.

Tani > Tantagaryar karuwar Mararraba

Alhaji Malmo > Manemin matan banza

Kurumbo > Ɗan iskan tasha

‘Yan kallo > Masu kallon dambe

Sankira > Sankira a wajen damben su Awwal.

Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan ya taka rawar gani a wasan.

2.2 Salon Sarrafa Harshe

Marubucin ya yi amfani da kalmomi masu sauƙin fahimta kuma ya tsara kalmomin a waƙe wanda tsari ne da ya yi kama da na shahararren marubucin nan ɗan ƙasar Ingila William Shakespeare da ya rubuta Macbeth da Hamlet da Romeo And Juliet da sauransu a wuraren ƙarshen ƙarni na 15 da farko-farkon ƙarne na 16. Kowanne ɗan wasa a waƙe yake magana kuma da amsa amo mai daɗi da ma’ana da kuma baitoci ‘yan ƙwar ɗaya, da biyu, da uku har zuwa goma sha, da taƙadaran baitoci. Sabon babi ne a adabin Hausa rubuta wasan kwaikwayo a waƙe. Babu wasu sarƙaƙƙun jimloli masu wuyar ganewa ko harshen damo in ma akwai su, ga lamba nan an ɗafa musu domin jagora zuwa ɗan ƙaramin ƙamus ɗin da marubucin ya tanadar domin wayar wa mai karatu kai a kan ma’anar kalmar. Wannan salon sarrafa harshe ne mai ban sha’awa saboda akwai Hausar ‘yan dambe, da ta Ɗan Daudu, da ta Fulani, da ta karuwai, da ta ‘yan kallo, da ta Malmo, da ta mai kudi, da ta talaka, da ta mahaifi, da ta gidan maharba, da ta masoya da ta alƙali da sauransu.

Haka nan ta fuskar sunayen ‘yan wasa kowanne ɗan wasa a cikin wasan ‘Yar Halas ya ci sunansa kuma suna ne na al’adar Hausawa.

Wannan fasaha da Mahmoon Baba Ahmed ya yi amfani da ita za ta sanya dole manazarta adabin Hausa amfani da ma’auni guda biyu wajen nazarin wannan wasa. Ma’auni na waƙa da ma’auni na wasan kwaikwayo babu mamaki ma a haɗa da ma’aunin zube. Tun da wajen nazarin wasan kwaikwayo da zube akwai muhimman tubala iri ɗaya da ake gina nazarin a kan su kuma su ne tsari da Salo da jigo da ‘yan wasa.

2.3 Jigon Wasan ‘Yar Halas

Jigo yana nufin saƙon da littafi yake ƙoƙarin isarwa ga jama’a ko manufar da aka yi rubutun akanta. Jigo shi ne ginshikin rubutu, don kuwa duk rubutun da ya kasance ba shi da jigo, to ba shi da ma’ana.

Wannan wasa yana da gundarin jigon ‘faɗakarwa’ ga iyaye da ke tilasta wa ‘ya’yansu mata auren dole da yadda ‘yan matan kan guje wa auren dolen su shiga duniya su yi karuwanci ko auren wani can daban. A wasan `Yar Halas cikin hikima an yi amfani da Larai da Awwal don ƙara fito da jigonsa fili, da zahirin gidan karuwai da Larai ta tsinci kanta a ciki, da kame kanta da ta yi duk da ta samu kuɗi da masoya da dama, amma ta nuna ita ‘Yar Halas ce ba ta yarda duniya ta ruɗe ta ba, ta auri wanda ta daɗe tana bege wato Awwal.

Akwai ƙananan jigo kamar rashin tarbiyyar Marka mahaifiyar Larai ga mijinta Mumini, da dangantakar ‘Ya da jika wato Larai da Inna, da dangantakar Sarkin Fawa da Fulani ta cin bashin dabbobinsu ya ƙi biya, da dambe kamar yadda ake yi a ƙasar Hausa har da su sankira da ‘yan kallo, da dangantakar karuwai da magajiyarsu, da ɗandaudu Nana Yauƙi, da su Malmo wanda da jin sunansa ka san me zai aikata, da dangantakar alƙali da wajen shari’a da muhuti, da yadda ma su kuɗi ke saye alƙalai. Akwai duniyar ‘yan bori da iskokai, sai sana’ar burodi kodayake ba mu ji ɗuriyar ma su shayi ba.

2.4 Babban Dan Wasa/Jangwarzo

A wannan wasa za a iya cewa akwai ‘yan wasa amma wacce ta ciri tuta ita ce Larai. Larai ta bai wa maraɗa kunya, ta nuna ita gwarzuwa ce ko tauraruwa. Domin ita ta dinga faɗi tashi domin cika alƙawarin da ta ɗauka na sai ta auri Awwal. Awwal ma gwarzo ne duk da ya so ya shagala a hannun tsohuwar karuwa inda ita kuma Larai ta yi ta maza ta nuna gwarzantaka ta ceto shi. Sai dai babu yadda za a yi dan wasa ya cika gwarzo ba tare da taimakon ƙananan ‘yan wasa ba. Duk wanda ya fito a wasan gwarzo ne kuma ya taka irin tasa rawar.

3.0 Kammalawa

Wannan muƙala ta yi nazari a kan wasan kwaikwayo na `Yar Halas na Mamoon Baba-Ahmed. Nazarin ya nuna wasa ne da aka masa tsarin waƙe. Da son samu ne da kowannne ɗan wasa idan ya soma magana ya dinga direwa da amsa amo iri guda don yawanci amsa amon na karyewa tun kafin a yi nisa.

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