Magani a Hannun Mata Hausawa: Nazarin Wasu Magungunan Waraka Da Gyaran Mace a Gargajiyance

Citation: Ammani, Z. (2025). Magani a Hannun Mata Hausawa: Nazarin Wasu Magungunan Waraka Da Gyaran Mace a Gargajiyance. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, 4(2), 24-31. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2025.v04i02.004.  

MAGANI A HANNUN MATA HAUSAWA: NAZARIN WASU MAGUNGUNAN WARAKA DA GYARAN MACE A GARGAJIYANCE

Daga

Zalihat Ammani PhD
Department of Hausa,
FCT, College of Education Zuba Abuja
zalihatammani@gmail.com
08034451096

Tsakure

A Bahaushiyar al’ada, rayuwar al’umma ta ta’allaƙa ne a kan abubuwan da suke gudana na yau da kullum, waɗanda suka shafi al’adu da tadodi da suke wakana a tsakaninsu. Daga cikin irin waɗannan al’adu akwai waɗanda suka danganci magani. Kasancewar lamarin magani da warkarwa wani fanni ne na rayuwa mai matuƙar muhimmanci, ya sa a duk wata harka da Bahaushe zai yi a rayuwa sai an sasmi nason magani a ciki. Mata a nasu ɓangaren su ma ba a bar su a baya ba domin kuwa suna kallon taimako ko asiri na magani a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin sigar zamantakewarsu. Don haka, neman magani da yarda da shi a tsakanin mata tamkar wani abin dogaro ne a gare su. Manufar wannan muƙala shi ne ta fito da magungunan da mata ke amfani da su wajen waraka. Sai kuma waiwayen wasu ayyuka na masana masu alaƙa da binciken a taƙaice. An ɗora wannan aikin a kan ra’in tabbatuwar magani wanda Premeswari, Hibino da Koyama (2016). suka ƙirƙiro, a inda suka bayyana cewa wasu magungunan akan yi la’akari da shekaru, jinsi, nahiya ko kuma launin fata. Haka kuma kowanne rukunin mutane a cikin wata al’umma suna da wasu al’adu da suke yi wanda ya bambanta su da rukunin da yake a same su ko a ƙasa da su. Haka kuma takardar ta yi bayanin magani da amfani da shi domin waraka daga wasu cututtuka na mata, waɗanda suke da alaƙa da mahaifa kamar su al’ada da biki da kafewar/toshewar mahaifa da warin gaba da sauransu. An yi nasarar gano cewa, matan Hausawa kan yi amfani da magungunan gargajiya wajen gyaran jikinsu fiye da magungunan zamani. Haka kuma al’ummar Hausawa har yanzu sun fi gamsuwa da wasu magungunan gargajiya wajen samun waraka.           

Fitilun Kalmomi: Magani, Magungunan Mata, Gyaran Jiki, Magungunan Gargajiya

1.0   Gabatarwa

Muhimman abubuwan da kowace al’umma ta duniya take tinƙaho da su, ba su wuce al’adunta ba. Don haka, al’ada ta ƙunshi baki ɗayan hanyoyin gudanar da rayuwa na wannan al’umma waɗanda ta gada iyaye da kakanni. Waɗannan abubuwan da suke gudana na yau da kullum kuwa sun haɗa da aure da haihuwa da mutuwa da sauran wasu al’adu da suke wakana a tsakaninsu. Daga cikin irin waɗannan al’adu akwai waɗanda suka danganci magani. A al’adar Bahaushe, babu wani abu da ya kai magani amfani ga rayuwa da ci gabanta. Ita ce ta fi kowace al’ada tasiri a rayuwarsa ta yau da kullum. Kazalika, a magungunan Bahaushe babu wani ciwo da babu maganinsa sai dai wanda mai maganin bai sani ba. Alƙur’ani mai girma ya kawo maganar magani a wurare daban-daban. Daga cikinsu har da, Al- Isra'i aya ta 82 da kuma Ash-Shu'ara'i aya ta 80. Wannan ne ya jawo hankalin mai nazari don tabbatar da hasashen da kuma dubar irin muhimmancin da magani ke da shi a cikin harkokin rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa musamman mata, kamar yadda binciken zai tabbatar. Ana kuma kyautata zaton nazarin zai taimaka wajen bayyana irin magungunan waraka da mata ke amfani da su a ɓangaren kula da samun ingantacciyar hanya ta kiwon lafiya.

An gudanar da bincike a kan harkokin mata da buƙatunsu na neman magani a cikin al’amuran rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum, kamar yadda wasu magabata suka gudanar da ayyukansu da suka haɗa da: Ingawa (1984,1994) da Jinju, (1990) da Mariya (1990) da Bunza (1990,1995) da Sallau (2010) da Gobir (2012) da Sarkin Gulbi (2014) da Maryam (2017) da Nasara (2017) da Gobir da Sani (2018) da Halima (2018) da Sani da Gummi (2025) da sauransu.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan aikace-aikace da suka shafi magani da kiwon lafiyar al’ummar Hausawa, musamman mata da magungunan Hausa na wasu buƙatocinsu na neman waraka. Sannan kuma akwai ado da kwalliya da sauran ƙyale-ƙyale na mata da suka danganci gyara na ciki da na waje da sauran makamantansu. Sai dai Kuma, wannan muƙala ta yi la’akari ne a kan wasu hanyoyin na gyara mace bisa lalura da kuma magungunan da za su yi amfani da su wajen warkar da matan a cikin al’umma.

1.1 Gyara Mace

Kalmar gyara tana nufin “mai da abin da ya lalace daidai ko kyautata shi”. Haka kuma kalmar kan iya ɗaukar ma’anar ‘daidaita al’amari’ sanann kuma ‘yin kaki ko fyace majina ko wanke abu” CNHN (2006: 185). A wata ma’anar kuma ‘feɗe dabba ko kama ruwa, watau yin tsarki”, wadda ta yi daidai da ‘gyarta ko gyatta. A wannan fannin gyara mace na nufin kula da lafiyar jiki ko tsafta ce jiki wadda mata kan yi a mabambanta lokuta sakamakon wasu dalilai. Ire-iren wannan gyaran sun haɗa da lokacin juna biyu har zuwa biƙi da kuma lokacin amarci da kuma gyara na yau da kullum.

Hausawa suna da nasu tsarin na kula da lafiyar jiki tare da tsafta ce shi tun kafin haɗuwar su da baƙin al’ummu, domin sun tanadi yadda mace take renon ciki da biƙi da jego domin samun ingantacciyar lafiya da kuma tsaftace jiki don gudun ɗanyantaka. Haka kuma mace takan yi al’ada wadda ita ma tana buƙatar kula da kai da tsaftace jiki. Duk ire-iren waɗannan matsalolin suna buƙatar yi musu wasu ‘yan tanade-tanade domin a samu waraka a cikin rayuwar zamantakewa.

2.0 Ra’in Bincike

“Ra’i wani hasashe ne na ilimi wanda in an kalle shi za a ga gaskiyar abin, amma kuma yana iya samun kuskure. Illa iyaka, ya kasancewa wani makami da kan iya bayar da haske kan wani abu da ake iya gani da tantancewa ko wanda aka tara wani bayani a kansa. Ana iya yarda ko ƙin yarda da waɗannan tarin bayanan ko ma a iya canza su, su koma wani ra’in. (Longman, 2003: 692).

Ra’in Tabbatuwar Magani yana magana a kan yadda kowace al’umma take samun magunguna a zamantakewarta, domin magance wani ciwo ko wata cuta da ta addabe ta, Premeswari, Hibino da Koyama (2016). Sun kuma bayyana cewa; a wasu magungunan akan yi la’akari da shekaru, jinsi, nahiya ko kuma launin fata. Haka kuma kowanne rukunin mutane a cikin wata al’umma suna da wasu al’adu da suke yi wanda ya bambanta su da rukunin da yake a same su ko a ƙasa da su. Haka kuma ra’in ya bayyana cewa kowace al’umma tana da yadda take aiwatar da gargajiyarta a cikin abubuwan da suka jiɓance ta a zamantakewarta ta yau da kullum, kama daga kan al’adunta na aure ko haihuwa ko mutuwa ko magungunanta ko iliminta, ko ƙere-ƙerenta da sauransu, Prameswari, Hibino da Koyama (2016). Haka kuma waɗannan al’adu suna sha bamban daga al’umma zuwa al’umma. Don haka yanayin ƙasa da yanayin cima da yanayin tsirrai da itatuwa yana bambanta daga al’umma zuwa al’umma, wannan shi ya sa ake samun bambance-bambance wajen haɗa magungunan gargajiya a cikin mabambantan al’ummu, Prameswari, Hibino da Koyama (2016). (Ado, 2017: 104).

Dangantakar Ra’in Tabbatuwar Magani da binciken da ake gudanarwa shi ne, binciken da ake gudanarwa nazari ne da ya shafi kiwon lafiyar al’umma, ta yadda masu bayar da magungunan gargajiya suke sarrafa tsirrai da ciyayi domin samar da wasu magungunan Hausawa na gargajiya. Sa’annan ra’in yana kallon al’umma ne a matsayin abu guda wadda ta ƙunshi wasu sassa, haka kuma, kowanne sashi yana da gudummawar da yake bayarwa ko wani aiki da yake aiwatarwa, domin samar da biyan buƙatun al’ummar tare da ba ta kariya daga duk wata barazana da ka iya jawo mata tawaya ta kowacce fuska.

A taƙaice, kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata cewa kowace cuta tana da magani, buƙatar da ake da ita ta warkarwa ta haddasa neman magunguna ido rufe ta hanyar yin gwaji da neman samun dacewa. Don haka, wannan ra’i ya dace da yanayin irin wannan bincike da aka gabatar a matsayin ra’in da ake yin amfani da shi a wajen nazarin magungunan gargajiya, musamman waɗanda suka shafi magungunan mata zalla.

3.0 Hanyoyin Gudanar Da Bincike

An tattara bayanai da suka shafi wannan aiki ta hanyar yin amfani da binciken cikin fage wato (field work) da akan tafi kai- tsaye, ta tattaunawa da hirarraki da wasu masana a cikin al’umma, waɗanda suke ma’abota wannan harka ta magani da suka haɗa da mata masu bayar da magani da mata masu amfani da waɗannan magunguna da kuma wasu da ke da ilimi kan magungunan mata.

4.0 Ma’anar Magani

Alhassan da wasu (1982: 52), sun ba da ma’anar maganin gargajiya da cewa “shi ne yin amfani da itatuwa ko rubutu ko addu’a ko surkulle don warkar da wata cuta ko neman wani amfani ko gusar da sharri ko hassada wani abu saboda biyan buƙata.” Zulai Ingawa (1984: 25) Tana cewa, “Magani hanya ce ta neman kawar da cuta kowace iri, ko kuma neman kariya daga gare ta ko kuma neman ƙwarewa kan wani abu”. Wannan ma’ana ta magani da aka kawo duk da kasancewar ta ‘yar gajeriya, ta fito da sigar maganin gargajiya na Hausawa sosai.

Ahmad, (1984: 6), ya ce, “Magani shi ne duk wani abu da za a yi, ko wata hanya, ko kuma wata dabara da ake yi don gusar da wata cuta daga jikin mutum ɗungurungum, ko kuma kwantar da ita don kawo jin daɗi ga jiki ko ga zuciya da sauwaƙa duk wata wahala da damuwa da ita cutar kan iya haifar”. A ƙoƙarin taƙaita ma'anar magani, Sani da Jaja (2019: 259) sun ce: "A taƙaice duk wani abin da zai hana jin daɗi da walwala da nishaɗi da gudanar da rayuwa yadda ya kama, to sunansa cuta. Hanyar da ake bi domin kawar da shi (ko kuma abin da ake amfani da shi domin kawar da wannan cuta) shi ake kira magani."

A tawa fahimtar, magani wata hanya ce da al’umma ke bi wajen neman taimako ko sirri don biyan wasu buƙatocinsu na rayuwa da suke a fili ko a ɓoye. Haka kuma, magani sirri ne na mai shi da kuma wanda ke nema don cimma wata manufa ko wani buri da suke nema a cikin a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum. Saboda haka, lamarin magani zamani ne da Allah ya kawo, tun daga mazan har matan kowa so yake ace shi gwani ne a wata buƙatar da yake da ita ta rayuwa.

4.1 Rabe-Raben Magungunan Hausawa

Masana magungunan gargajiya ba su bar magani kara zube ba. Don haka, sun yi ƙoƙarin rarrabe shi ta hanyoyi da dama, kamar haka: Wasu sun kalli magungunan Hausawa ta la’akari da yadda ake sarrafa shi, wasu sun rarrabe magunguna ta fuskar kayan haɗin su, ya yin da wasu suka raba magani dangane da buƙatun jama’a. A wannan takarda, za a kalli rabe-raben magani ta fuskar buƙatocin jama’a, kamar yadda wasu masana suka kalle shi, waɗanda suka haɗa da Bunza (1990, 1995) da Abdullahi (2000) da Sakina (2011) da Gobir (2012) da kuma Sarkin Gulbi (2014), sun rarraba magungunan gargajiya kamar haka: Magungungn cututtukan jiki da magungunan cutarwa, da magungunan warkarwa, da magungunan kare- kai, sai magungunan biyan buƙatun zuciya da magungunan Kasancewar wannan nazari a cikin wannan fage aka ga ya dace a ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan rabe-raben magungunan Hausawa da masana suka kawo don gabatar da muƙala kan magungunan waraka da mata ke bayarwa a cikin al’umma. Bayan haka, a al’adar Bahaushe yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a san cewa, magani yana tafiya ne tare da imani da kuma yardar wanda zai amfani da shi. Don haka, duk wanda zai yi amfani da magani, matuƙar yana son ya sami biyan buƙata, sai ya fitar da duk wata shakka a cikin zuciyarsa, sannan ya yi imani da cewa wannan magani, zai yi masa amfani. Hakan ne ya sa wani masani ya ce, “Ga tunanin yawancin Hausawa magani ba zai warkar da cutar da aka nema ya warkar ba, sai shi mutumin da aka yi wa magani ya yarda da mai ba da maganin kansa” (Hamza, 1997: 2).

4.2 Waraka

Ana neman ko karɓar magani domin a samu waraka ko sauƙin wata cuta a al’ada ta gargajiya, (Gwammaja, 2013: 159). Waraka na matsayin wata hanya ta magani da ba ta buƙatar shan wani abu ko ɗaura shi ko shafa shi ko shaƙa shi da makamantansu da niyyar magani. A dabarun warkarwa ba dole ne mai magani ya taɓa jikin maras lafiya ko mai buƙata ba a yayin da yake aikinsa. Abubuwan warkarwa sun fi shafuwar zuciya ko ƙudurce-ƙudurcen maras lafiya ko mabuƙaci. Don haka, sha’anin warkarwa yana buƙatar imani na haƙiƙa ga mabuƙaci zuwa ga mai warkarwa, (Bunza, 1995: 79) Bayan haka kuma, waraka na nufin samun lafiya ko fahimta ko gamsuwa da abu, (Ƙamusun Hausa, 2006: 469).

A taƙaice, waraka na nufin lafiya ko fahimta ko gamsuwa da abu. Waɗannan su ne magungunan gargajiya da Hausawa ke amfani da su wajen warkar da cutar rashin lafiya da ta danganci sahiri wadda take bayyane a wani sashe na jikin mutum ko kuma wata cuta da take ɓoye a cikin jiki wadda ba a iya ganinta sai dai alamarta ta hanyar lura da marar lafiya. Daga cikin irin waɗannan cututtuka akwai cutar iska ko zuciya, misali taɓin hankali ko farfaɗiya da kuma cutar jiki sanadiyyar rauni ko wani hatsari da sauransu.

4.3 Magungunan Waraka

Babu al’ummar duniya da ciwo ba ya yi mata barazana. Haka kuma ba mahaluƙin da ƙaddarar rauni dangane da hatsari ko illar makami ko farmakin wata dabba ba ta kamawa. Don haka Hausawa suka yi wa kansu tanadin irin waɗannan magunguna a gargajiyance don magance waɗannan cututuka na cikin jiki ko na rauni.

4.4 Ire-iren Magungunan Waraka

Su ne magungunan da aka fi amfani da su a wannan rukuni waɗanda suka danganci tsirrai da ake samu yawanci a muhallin Bahaushe. Sukan sarrafa waɗannan magunguna ta bin umarnin bokayen da suka bayar da su ko kuma wasu mutane na musamman da Allah ya hore wa ilmin magani daga cikinsu. Haka kuma ‘yan bori sukan bayar da magunguna iri iri na warkar da cuta ko rauni ko kuma ta hanyar yin girka domin saukar ko daidaita iska a kan marar lafiya don warkar da shi. Ire-iren magungunan da ake ba mata na waraka sun haɗa da waɗ anda suka shafi jinin al’ada da mata masu ciki da bayan haihuwa da sauran wasu lalurorin mata da aka sani.

4.4.1 Magungunan da Suka Shafi Al’ada

Waɗannan magunguna na mata su ne waɗanda suka shafi cututtukan da mata ke yi a lokacin da suke jinin al’ada, kamar ciwon tsanki da ciwon ciki da ciwon mara da ciwon baya da ciwon ƙafa da ciwon nono da ciwon jiri da rashin zubar jini da kuma zubar jini da yawa da makamantansu. Misali, akan yi amfani da sassaƙen iccen tawatsa a haɗa da jar kanwa a dafa a sha, domin tsayar da zubar jini.

Haka nan kuma akwai maganin ciwon sanyi da mata ke amfani da shi musamman ga macen da ta ga ta fara fitar da wani ruwa mai launi irin na kabewa daga jikin farjinta da bushewar laɓa da jin zafi lokacin yin fitsari. A nan za a sami sauyoyin itatuwa kamar na zogale da da cin-da-zugu da yaɗon ɗoɗɗorin kare da saiwar dashi a samu jar kanwa ‘yar kaɗan a dafa sai a riƙa shan ruwan, da yarda Allah za a sami sauƙin wannan ciwo, (Hira da Malliya mai magani).

Sallau, (2010: 39) ya bayyana cewa “idan ciwon sanyi ya daɗe jikin mutum sai a sami sauyar tumfafiya a jiƙa da nonon shanu a riƙa sha”. Sannan, ana amfani da sassaƙen iccen tawatsa a haɗa da kanwa a riƙa sha domin maganin tsayar da jinni ga macen da yawan zubar jini ya zama na ciwo ba na al’ada ba.

4.4.2 Magunguna Masu Alaƙa da Haihuwa

Waɗannan magunguna ne na cututtuka da kan samu mata a lokacin da mace ke ɗauke da juna biyu wato ciki. Misalin irinsu sun haɗa da: Laulayi ko kwaikwan ciki ko ciwon kwankwaso da katara da jijjiga lokacin haihuwa da zubar jini kafin haihuwa da kuma bayanta da ciwon yoyon fitsari da na gishiri da faso da fashewar mahaifa da zazzagowar mahaifa ko matuntakar mace, sukan faru ne sanadiyyar nauyi na ɗan da ke cikinta ko kuma tsananin naƙuda da yawan nishi kan haddasa, da sauransu.

Duk waɗannan lalurori ne da suka shafi mata, kuma ake samun mata ‘yan’uwansu kamar su ungozoma suke taimakawa ta hanyar nuni da faɗakar da mata masu ciki don kiyaye faruwar haka yayin da haihuwa ta kama. Misali, a samu sauyoyin kabar-giwa a haɗa da jar kanwa a sha musamman ga macen da ke fama da ciwon tsankin ciki.

Ana kuma amfani da wake cikin tafi ɗaya da ganyen riɗin barewa a dafa wa mai ciki ta ci har tsawon a ƙalla kwanaki uku a jere, ko a yi amfani da sassaƙen aduwa domin samun waraka ga macen da ke fama da raɗaɗi kafin ta haihu musamman haihuwar fari. In ko tsohuwar haihuwa ce, ana amfani da sassaƙen maɗaci da sauyoyin yazawa a haɗa wa mace mai ciki ta riƙa sha domin ta samu sauƙi musamman na zaƙin da ke tattare da ita a lokacin haihuwa. Kuma ana amfani da sauyar hakin kabar-giwa a haɗa da sassaƙen iccen kandare a daka a sha domin samun ruwan nono ga macen da ta haihu, (Sallau, 2010: 46).

Ke nan waɗannan magunguna da ake amfani da wasu sauyoyi ko saƙe-saƙi na taimakawa wajen warkar da wasu cututtuka na haihuwa da mata ke fama da su.

4.4.3 Magunguna Masu Dangantaka da Mahaifa

Magunguna ne da mata ke bayarwa sanadiyyar kamuwa da wasu cututtuka waɗanda suke kama mahaifa da suka haɗa da: Tsiron mata da toshewar mahaifa da ƙari na gefen mahaifa da ciwon daji wato kansa ta mahaifa da sauransu. Misalan waɗannan magunguna sun haɗa da:

1.      Ana amfani da sassaƙen aduwa ko na iccen dashi wajen maganin daji.

2.      Sassaƙen magarya na taimakawa wajen maganin ƙari da ake samu a gefen mahifa ta hanyar amfani da garin wajen kwaɓawa a riƙa shafawa kuma a riƙa sha domin samun waraka daga ciwon.

4.4.4 Magungunan Cututtukan Yau da Kullum

Irin waɗannan magungunan cututtuka sun zama gama gari domin kuwa sukan addabi mutane a kodayaushe idan dai har an sami akasin wani abu da jikin mutum baya karɓa to akan kamu da waɗannan cututtuka da suka haɗa da: Ciwon kai da ciwon ciki da zazzaɓi da harbi ko ciwon gaɓa da ciwon zuciya da ciwon jiri da ciwon sanyi da makamantansu.

Misalan waɗannan magunguna na ciwon yau da kullum sun haɗa da:

1.      Maganin Ciwon Jiri CNHN (2006: 219) ya bayyana kalmar jiri da ‘juwa ko hajijiya. Idan mutum ya haɗu da larurar juwa ko hajijiya ita ce ake cewa mutum ya kamu da ciwon jiri. Irin wannan larurar ba ta barin mutum ya tsaya balle ya yi tafiya hatta sunkuyo ko na salla ne, sai mutum ya ji kamar idanunsa za su zubo. Idan za a yi maganin wannan ciwon sai a sami gawayin itacen ƙirya a gurza shi a riƙa shafawa a kai lokacin da aka ji jirin domin warkewa daga ciwon

2.      Maganin Tari CNHN (2006) ya ce tari wani sautin fitar da iska mai ƙarfi daga ƙirji ta baki don gyara maƙogwaro ko don sakamakon rashin lafiya daga ƙirji. A wanann fannin tari wata irin cut ace da take addabar ƙirji da maƙogwaro wadda take sa fitar da iska ta baki ba ƙaƙƙautawa. Ana amfani da huhun tsuntsu salwa busasshe da barkono da kayan yaji, sai a dake su a mayar da su yaji, a riƙa sakawa cikin abinci, to za a yi maganin tari kowane iri.

3.      Maganin Kumburin Ciki- Kumburin ciki wata irin cut ace da take sa ciki ya ɗaiki iska, ya tashi ko yah au, sakamakon wasu larurori da bai saba da sub a. yakan haddasa yawan hutu ko kuma ya riƙe ƙam. Ana samun farar toka ta cikin murhu a jiƙa a riƙa shafawa a bisa cikin da ya kumbura, to za a samu sauƙin kumburin.

4.      Maganin Attini- A nan za a samo ɓawon saiwar kalgo a tsuma ta sannan a samo ‘yar toka kaɗan a haɗa asha domin samun sauƙin attini da ke addabar mutum.

5.      Maganin Ciwon Ƙirji- Wannan magani ana amfani da ƙasar gidan zanzaro a kwaɓa ta idan ta jiƙu sai mai fama da lalurar ya riƙa shafawa a ƙirji to zai samu sauƙin ciwon da yake fama da shi, (Hira da Hauwa ‘Yarbare).

6.      Maganin Ciwon Cibiya- A nan ana amfani da tankaɗaɗɗar ƙasa ta bakin murhu a riƙa kwaɓawa da ruwa har sai ta warke ko kuma an samu sauƙin ciwon.

7.      Maganin Ƙunar Wuta- Ana amfani da saiwar kuka da kaucin gamji da sassaƙen bagaruwa, za a bari su bushe sannan a daka su yi laushi, sai a haɗa a shafa a kan ƙunar, (Shehu, 2012: 31). Ita dai bagaruwa tana ƙunshe da sinadarin da ke sa abu ya bushe kuma tana da zafin da ke warkar da ƙuna ko kujewa kamar ‘iodine’.

Waɗannan da ma sauran waɗanda ba a ambata ba, na daga cikin ire-iren magunguna da matan Hausawa ke bayarwa a cikin al’umma domin warkar da wasu cututtuka da ke addabar mata a harkokin rayuwarsu.

4.0 Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan binciken ya yi nasarar gano abubuwan da suke da alaƙa da neman magungunan waraka musamman waɗanda suka shafi gyaran jiki na mata Hausa. A taƙaice binciken ya fahimci cewa:

     i.      Tabbas akwai larurori da suka jiɓanci mata, wato suka taƙaita gare su. Matan Hausawa sukan yi amfani da magunguna na musamman a gargajiyance domin samun waraka daga waɗannan larurori.

   ii.      Har yanzu a ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya (har cikin shekarun 2024-2025 da aka gudanar da wannan bincike), mata Hausawa masu yawa sun fi yin imani da magungunan gargajiya sama da na Baturre (na asibiti) domin yin gyaran jiki ko magance wasu matsalolin rashin lafiya da suka shafi mata.

iii.      Akwai ƙarancin mata Hausawa a harkar samar da magungunan gargajiya, wadda ta sa sai maza ne suka fi yin sana’ar. Mace mai tsananin kunya takan ƙi neman magani, saboda rashin sirri.

5.0 Kammmalawa

A wannan muƙala, an kawo bayanai dangane da kalmar magani da kuma rabe-raben magungunan Hausawa, sannan kuma an yi tsokaci a kan wani ɓangare na daga cikin azuzuwan da masana suka kawo dangane da magunguna. An zaɓi a tattauna a kan magungunan waraka waɗanda mata ke amfani da su, musammna a kan lalurorin da suka shafi mata kawai. Bugu da ƙari, an kawo cututtuka da kuma wasu magungunan da ake yin amfani da su wajen warkarwa. Binciken ya gano cewa mafi akasarin wasu daga cikin mata da abin ya fi shafa sun fito ne daga cikin karkara, saboda riƙon al' ada ta gargajiya ya sa suka fi ba da ƙarfi ga magungunansu. Bayan wannan, binciken ya gano cewar wasu daga mazajen ne suke hana matansu zuwa asibitocin zamani domin tsananin riƙo da al'ada, wajen samun ingantacciyar kula ta ɓangaren kiwon lafiya a gargajiyan ce.

Manazarta

Abdullahi, I.S.S. (2000). “Tasirin Magani da Warkarwa a Cikin Rubutattun Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa” Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Ado, A. (2017). Ra’o’in Bincike Kan Al’adun Hausawa, Katsina: Kanki Classical Media Enterprises.

Aishatu, L.B. (1987). “Dangantaka da Bambance-banbance Tsakanin Adon Hausawa Dana Barebari” Kundin Digiri na Farko. Maiduguri: Jami’ar Maiduguri.

Alhasan, H. da Wasu (1982) Zaman Hausawa, Zaria: (Institute of Education) A.B.U. Press.

Aminu, Z. (2014). “Magungunan Amarya a Garin Katsina” Kudin Digiri na Farko. Katsina: Jami’ar Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua.

Bello, A. (2012). “Mahaɗin Dabbobi a Magungunan Gargajiya na Hausawa, Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.

Bilkisu, T. (2015) “Mata Dangin Ado: Nazari a Kan Adon Jikin Mata Jiya da Yau”. Kudin Digiri na Farko. Zaria: Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello.

Bunza, A.M. (1990). “Hayaƙi Fidda na Kogo: Nazarin Siddabaru da Sihirin Hausawa”. Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Bunza, A.M. (1995). “Magungunan Hausa a Rubuce: Nazarin Ayyukan Malaman Tsibbu” Kundin Digiri na Uku. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Bunza, A.M. (2003). Hausa Medicine, It’s Relevance and Development in Hausa Studies. Lagos: Ibrash Islamic Publications Centre.

Bunza. A.M. (2013). “Hutawa Ka Alewa Man Gyaɗa Ka Tuyar Ƙosai: Barazanar Yanayi da Kutsowar Lokaci Ga Al’adunmu”. Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Katsina: Umyu da Hukumar Raya Al’adu da Adana Tarihi ta Jiha.

CNHN (2006), Ƙamusun Hausa Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero

Ɗangambo, H.A. (2013). “Gurɓacewar Al’adun Hausawa A Yau: Dalilan Su Da Hanyoyin Magance Su”. Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Katsina: UMYU da Hukumar Raya Al’adu da Adana Tarihi ta Jiha.

Ɗanmaigoro, A. (2010) “Magungunan Gargajiya na Hausawa da Fulani” A cikin Al’adu da Ɗabi’un Hausawa. Kaduna Nigeria: El-Abbas Printers and Media Concept.

Dogondaji, N.B. (2017). “Basakkwaciyar Amarya Ciki Da Waje”. Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Dunfawa, A.A. (2013). “Shirin Dunƙule Duniya da Taɓarɓarewar Al’adu”. Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Katsina: UMYU da Hukumar Raya Al’adu da Adana Tarihi ta Jiha.

Fage, U.U. (2010). “Dambarwar Auren Mace Fiye da Ɗaya a Ƙasar Hausa” Himma Journal. Katsina: Department of Nigerian Languages, Umaru Musa Yar’adua Uniɓersity, Vol. 4, No 1.

Gobir, Y. A. & Sani, A-U. (2018). “The Jinn, Women Vulnerabilities and the Act of Healings in the Hausa Communities of 21st Century.” IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 23(1), 67-73. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol.%2023%20Issue1/Version-5/K2301056773.pdf.

Gobir, Y.A. (2012). “Tasirin Iskoki ga Cutuka da Magungunan Hausawa” Kundin Digiri na Uku. Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.

Gobir, Y.A. (2013) “Najasa Mahaɗin Maganin Iska” Harsunan Nijeriya Vol 23. CSNL, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Guga, M.U. (2015) “Muhimmancin Magungunan Hausawa na Gargajiya ga Ci Gaban Ƙasa” Ɗanmarina International Journal of Multi-displinary Studies Zaria: A.B.U. Press Ltd.

Gwammaja, I.G. (2013) “Magani ba Waraka ba: Nazari Kan Al’adun Karɓa da Shan Magunguna a Wajen Hausawa Jiya da Yau” Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Katsina: UMYU da Hukumar Raya Al’adu da Adana Tarihi ta Jiha.

Hamza, M.W. (1977) “Magungunan Hausawa” Kudin Digiri na Farko. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Hassan, B.Y. (2013). “Nason Baƙin Al’adu Kan Al’adun Aure Da Haihuwa da Mutuwa”. Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Katsina: UMYU da Hukumar Raya Al’adu da Adana Tarihi ta Jiha.

Ibrahim, A. (2013) “Danki a Ƙasar Hausa” Kundin Digiri na Farko, Katsina: Jami’ar Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua.

Ingawa, Z. S. (2012). “Tasirin Sauye-Suyen Zamani a Kan Rayuwar Mata Hausawa a Katsina” Kundin Digiri na Uku. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Ingawa, Z.S. (1984). “Magungunan Hausa Don Mata: Nazari Kan Matan Hausa da Ire-iren Buƙatunsu na Magunguna” Kundin Digiri na Farko. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Jinju, H. M. (1990). Maganin Gargajiya na Afrika. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation.

Longman (2003), Longman Active Study Dictionary for Egyption Secondary Schools. New Edition, International Students Edition, Person Education, Edinburgh Gate, England.

Mariya, A.S. (1990) “Nazari a Kan Magungunan Gargajiya na Matan Hausawa masu Ciki” Kundin Digiri na Farko, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Muhammad, I. A. (1984). “Cututtukan Ciki da Magungunansu” Kundin Digiri na Farko, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Muntari, B. (2012). “Yadda Ake Amfani da Magungunan Gargajiya na Hausawa da na Turawa” Kundin Digiri na Farko, Sakkwato; Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Murjanatu, A. (2016) “A History of The Emergence And Contribution of Women Enterprenuers in Katsina Town in The 20^th Century”. Seminer Paper For M.A. Department of History And Security Studies, Katsina: Umaru Musa ‘Yar’dua University.

Rabi, S.A (1993). “Buƙatun Mata Dangane da Magunguna Wajen Haihuwa”. Kundin Digiri na Farko, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Sakina, A. (2011). “Gurbin Ƙwari a Magungunan Gargajiya na Hausawa”. Kundin Digiri na Biyu, Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Sallau, B.A (2000). “Wanzanci Matsiyinsa na Al’ada da Sana’a a Kasar Hausa”, Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Sallau, B.A (2010). Magani Asha a yi Wanka a Buwaya, Kaduna: M.A Najiu Professional Printers.

Sani A-U. & Jaja, M.B. (2019). “Zamani Riga: Akalar Magungunan Gargajiya a Hannu Addini da Zamani.” The Nasara Journal of Humanities, 7(1&2), 257-268. ISSN: 1118-6887.

Sani, A-U. & Gummi, M.F. (2025). “Prenatal Care in Hausaland: A Comparison of Traditional and Modern Approaches.” Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science, 3(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.62046/gijams.2025.v03i01.003

Sarkin Gulbi, A. (2013). “Hanyoyin Tsafe-Tsafe Domin Magani a Al’ummar Hausa”. Muƙalar da Aka Gabatar a Cikin Ɗunɗaye Journal of Hausa Studies, Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Sarkin Gulbi, A. (2014). “Magani a Ma’auni Karin Magana”. Kundin Digiri na Uku. Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.

Shehu, B.M. (2012). “Surkulle Cikin Magungunan Gargajiya na Hausawa” Kundin Digiri na Biyu. Maiduguri: Jami’ar Maiduguri.

Sirajo, A. (2015). “Nazari da Sharhi a Kan Wasu Daga Cikin Magungunan Gargajiya da ‘Yanbori ke Bayarwa” Kudin Digiri na Farko. Katsina: Jami’ar Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua.

Tukur, A. (1988). “Nazari Akan Cututukan da Suka Shafi Fatar Jiki da Magungunansu a Bahaushiyar Al’ada” Kundin Digiri na Farko, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Wudilawa, A. B. (2010). “Nazari a Kan Wasu Cututtukan Mata Zalla da Magungunansu a Rayuwar Hausawa Jiya da Yau” Kundin Digiri na Farko. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Yahaya, M.S. (2000). “Ado da Kwalliyar Hausawa” Kudin Digiri na Farko. Zaria: Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello.

Yola, M.M. (2013). “Nason Baƙin Al’adu A Kan Kwalliyar Jiki Ta Mata Hausawa” Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa. Katsina: UMYU da Hukumar Raya Al’adu da Adana Tarihi ta Jiha.

Yusuf, G.U (1997). “Hakin Maye. Yadda Yake Da Yadda Ake Sarrafa Shi” Kundin Digiri Na Farko. Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Danfodiyo.

Yusuf, M.Z. (2014). “Magungunan Kimtsa Amaren Matan Hausawa na Zamani” Kundin Digiri na Farko. Kaduna: Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna.

Get the full PDF here: