Sharhin Littafin Bautar Bayi (1,2,3) Da Matsafiya Manubiya (1)

Na

ABUBAKAR USMAN KALGO

Gabatarwa

Wannan aiki ne da aka bayar domin kowane ɗalibi ya yi nazarin littafinsa. A inda ni zan yi nazari a kan littafai guda biyu kamar haka:

1.     Bautar Bayi 1, 2, da 3

2.     Matsafiya Manubiya

To sai dai akwai hanyoyin nazari guda huɗu: hanyar nazarin gargajiya, hanyar nazarin gaɓa, hanyar nazarin zamantakewa da kuma hanyar nazarin al’ada. Amma ni zan yi amfani da ɗaya hanya wato gargajiya da aikin waɗannan hanyoyi guda huɗu.

A nazari ta amfani da hanyar gargajiya, ana amfani ne da dabaru guda biyar. Wato gabatar da littafi, jigonsa, salonsa, zubi da tsarinsa da kuma fito da halaye ko ɗabi’un taurari. Waɗannan dabaru na bi domin gudanar da wannan aiki.

Gabatar da Littafi

Littafin Bautar Bayi (1.2,3) da littafin matsafiya Manubiya wato ci gaban littafin Bautar Bayi, littafi ne da Abubakar T. Iliyasu (ATI) ya wallafa, kuma aka buga shi a kamfanin So Bookshop, Kasuwar Kurmi Kano State a shekarar 2007.

          Littafin Bautar Bayi ya ƙunshi na 1,2 da 3 a cikin littafi guda kuma ya na yawan shafuka ɗari da sittin (160) haka shi ma ci gaban wato Matsafiya Manubiya ya na da shafuka ɗari (100).

Babu wani cikakken bayani game da dalilin rubuta wannan littafi, sai dai mafi yawan littafan adabin kasuwar Kano ana rubuta su ne bisa ga sha’awa ta rubutu ko kuma neman kuɗi don haka, ana iya hasashe cewa shi ma wannan littafi an rubuta shi ne bisa ga dalili na sha’awa ko neman kuɗi.

Ƙumshiyar littafi

          Littafin Bautar Bayi da Matsafiya Manubiya ya na ɗauke da labarin wasu samari su uku da baraden su biyu da iyayensu da kuma wani azzalimin sarki wanda yake bautar da mutane.

Waɗannan samari sun haɗa da: Nahab, Muhsin, Musayi, sai matan biyu sun haɗa da Kisnira da Yahimiya. Haka kuma wannan sarkin bautayi shi ne sarki Ayus. Akwai kuma wata mata da ake ƙira matsafiya Manduriya wanda take son ɗaukar fansar mijinta ga Aljana Balbun-Ru’usi da kuma sarki Ayus.

Nahab ya shiga duniya domin ya nemo mahaifiyarsa da sarki Ayus ya kame mai suna Lu’uzi.

Mubayi shi ne babban abokin Nahab ya shiga duniya neman Nahab domin ya taimaka masa.

Yahimiya kuma ita ce ke son Mubaayi shi ma yana sonta dalilin haka yasa ta shiga duniya tare da su domin yaƙar sarki Ayus saboda kuma ya sa an kashe mata ‘yar uwa.

Muhsin shi ma ya shiga duniya ne domin neman mahaifinsa Mas’ud kuma ya sami labarin cewa sarki Ayus ne ya kama shi. Kuma Muhsin shi ne zai yaɗa addinin Musulunci a wannan lokaci.

Kisrina kirista ce ta musulunta a dalilin Muhsin ta kuma bishi neman mahaifinsa, a cikin tafiyar ta su sukai aure da Muhsin da Kisnira.

Waɗannan samari uku da ‘yan mata biyu sun yi nasarar yaƙar sarki Ayus suka musuluntar da shi, suka kuma ceci al’umma daga wannan hali na bauta.

Jigo

Jigo shi ne saƙon da marubuci ke son isarwa. Babban jigon wannan littafi shi ne jarumta.

Ƙananan jigogin littafin kuma sun haɗa da;

i.                   Soyayya da kuma

ii.                 Addini

Duba da waɗannan:

Jigon soyayya:

 Inda Kisnira take cewa: 

“Muhsin ka cire takobin nan da ke cikin ƙasa, ka sare kaina na huta na fahimci ba ka ƙaunata ko kaɗan a cikin zuciyarka. (Bautar Bayi: 3:152)

Jigon Addini:

“Ya kai Muhsin babban baƙo mai daraja wanda addinin gaskiya zai ƙara ɗaukaka da ci gaba a duniya sanadiyar wannan fitowa taka. (Bautar Bayi: 3:118).

Jigon Jarumta:

“Nahab ya yi wani irin ihu da kururuwa da zuciya mai tsananin ƙarfi, sannan ya nufi kan Aljana Kalbun-Ru’usi a lokacin da take tsaye riƙe da kan babansa a hannu a guje” (Bautar Bayi: 1: 19).

Tashin tashina

Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi tashin tashina na yaƙe-yaƙe da tsafe-tsafe da suka gudana a cikinsa.

Salo

Salo shi ne dabarun da aka bi wajen isar da saƙo ko a ce salo shi ne dabarun jawo hankali waɗanda suka ƙunshi aron kalmomi da sarrafa harshe, karin magana, jisantawa, kamance, da sauransu. Haka salo ya ƙunshi amfani da zaɓen kalmomi da tsara jumloli yadda ya kamata.

A.Kirari:

Shi ne mutum ya kwarzanta kansa, misali,

“Kububuwa nake mai sara a mutu,

Ɗaci nake mai sa fuska ta yamutse,

Cinnaka nake ban san na gida,

Fushi da rashin haƙuri abin gado a gareni,

Wutar daji nake mai wuyar kashewa,

Annoba nake mai maida alƙarya su zama kanguna ababen zagayewa”

(Bautar Bayi: 1:38-39)

B. Aron Kalmomi:

Shi ne faɗin wata kalma a cikin wani harshe, misali:

“Wulaya” (Larabci)

“Hadisil Ƙudisi” (Larabci)

“Al’izkar” (Larabci)

(Bautar Bayi: 2: 76).

Zubi da Tsari

Zubi da tsari ya ƙunshi

a.      Buɗewa da rufewa

b.     Dabarun ƙulla labari

c.      Tsarin babuka

Wannan littafi an buɗe shi da irin buɗewar zamani wato yanzu domin an fara da fitowar Lu’uzi daga gida ta shiga daji ɗiban ruwa aka kameta, ba tare da an fara sanin su waye iyayenta yaushe aka haifeta, wa ta aura, ta haihu ko ba ta haihu ba, idan ta haihu ‘ya’yanta nawa, Nahab ne babban ɗanta ko ƙaƙa?

Duk da irin ƙarar kaɗawar bishiyoyi, kukan tsuntsaye da kuma gunji, haɗe da gurnanin manyan namun daji ba za su hana aji sautin ƙarar tafiyar matar ba, wacce ta ke goye da wata jaririya a bayanta. (Bautar Bayi: 1: 5)

Rufewar wannan littafi haka take wato rufewar adabin littafan kasuwar Kano, domin a kan tsaya ne a wurin da dole sai ka nemi littafi na gaba domin jin ci gabansa. Misali yadda aka rufe littafi na ɗaya har zuwa na huɗu:

Shin wai wacece ne? kar fa a ce Aljana Kalbun-Ru’usi ce? To idan ita ce mai zai iya faruwa a wajen? A wane irin hali Lu’uzi mahaifiyar Nahab ta kasance a yanzu? Shin Nahab zai yi nasarar ɗibar sharar har ya koma wajen matsafiya Manduriya kuwa? Ku biyo ni zuwa:

Bautar Bayi 2. (Bautar Bayi 1:54)

C. Dabarun Ƙulla Labari

Mai wannan littafi ya yi amfani da tsarin kan labari misali, idan zai ci gaba da labarin wani daga cikin taurarin sai ya ce:

NAHAB wato labarin a kan Nahab ne

ALƘARYAR KENYUN-DARI

BIRNIN BAUTAYI

BIRNIN MAZAUWIL

MUHSIN BIN MAS’UD

NAHAB DA MUSAYI

Taurari

Taurari a wannan littafin za a iya kasa su guda biyu:

Manyan Taurari

Manyan taurarin nan su ne mafin waɗanda suka fi taka rawa. Ga su:

Nahab:

Shi ne babban tauraro wanda ya taka rawa sosai a cikin wannan littafi domin labarin kusan ya ginu ne a kansa. An haifi Nahab a Kenyun-Dari sunan mahaifinsa Yandi mahaifiyarsa Lu’uzi. An kashe mahaifinsa an kuma kama mahaifiyarsa domin bauta a gidan sarki Ayus, kuma Nahab ya ɗaura ɗamarar nemo mahaifiyarsa a cikin duniya.

Muhsin:

Muhsin shi ma babban tauraro ne an haife shi a birnin Muzauwil, sunan mahaifinsa Mas’ud mahaifiyarsa Azumi ta rasu kuma an kama mahaifinsa domin bauta a gidan sarki Ayus, kuma ta bashi wasicin nemo mahaifinsa.

Musayi:

Musayi shi ma babban tauraro ne domin abokin Nahab ne kuma ya shiga duniya don ya nemo Nahab kuma ya taya shi gwagwarmayar neman mahaifiyarsa.

Yakinya:

Yakinya ita ma babbar tauraruwa ce domin ita ce budurwar Musayi kuma ta gida da danginta saboda shi, ta kuma shiga duniya neman sa da kuma nufin yaƙar sarki Ayus domin ya sa an kashe mata ‘yar uwa.

 

Kisnira:

Ita ma babbar tauraruwa ce, domin ita ce budurwar Muhsin kuma ta musulunta a dalilinsa ta kuma raka shi yaƙi da sarki Ayus don ya kauda zalincin sarki Ayus ya kuma ƙwato mahafinsa,

Ƙananan Taurari

1.     Sarki Ayus

2.     Sanda (Barde)

3.     Matsafiya Manduriya

4.     Aljana Kalbun-Ru’usi

5.     Lu’uzi mahaifiyar Nahab

6.     Mas’ud mahaifin Nahab

7.     Sahana ƙanwar Nahab

8.     Namudi kakan Nahab

9.     Sarki Uzairu Mazauwil

10. Habiwal-Fasihi aminin Mas’ud

11. Azumi mahaifiyar Muhsin

12. Kacakali mijin matsafiya Manduriya

13. Bagira mahaifiyar Yahiniya

14. Dammul-Zalzalu ɗan Aljana Kalbun-Ru’usi

Duk waɗannan ƙananan taurari ne wasu daga cikinsu masu halayen ƙwarai ne wasu kuma masu halaye ne marasa kyau.

Kammalawa

Wannan littafin an yi nazarinsa ne bisa hanya ta gargajiya ta hanyar gabatar da littafi, wato sunansa, marubucinsa, da maɗaba’a da kuma shekarar bugawa. Haka kuma an duba ƙumshiyar wannan littafi da jigonsa da kuma salonsa da tsarin zubi da tsarinsa, an kuma duba halayen taurari manya da ƙanana.

Manazarta

Atuwo, A. A. (2017). Laccar Aji da ya gabatar wa ɗalibai ‘yan aji huɗu mai lamba ALH 406, Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato.

Abubakar T. I. (2007). Bautar Bayi Maɗaba’a So Bookshop, Kasuwar Kurmi Kano State Nijeriya.