Sandar Mulki Ba A Zunguri Da Ke, Sai Nuni: Nazari A Kan Matsayin Sanda A Al’adar Bahaushe Jiya Da Yau

Daga
Dr. Mu’azu Sa’adu Muhammad

SASHIN NAZARIN HARSUNAN NIJERIYA, JAMI’AR SULE LAMIƊO, KAFIN HAUSA, JIHAR JIGAWA, NIJERIYA
07030803404
Email: muazusaadukudan299@gmail.com

Tsakure

 Wannan nazari zai dubi sanda matsayinta, da gudummowarta, da tasirinta a rayuwar Bahaushe. Sanda ta yi kaka-gida a dukkan harkoki na gargajiya wanda Bahaushe ya gada tun iyaye da kakanni. Maƙalar zata kawo bayanai tare da fito da rawar da sanda take takawa a yanayin zamankewar Bahaushe. Da farko za a kawo ma’anar sanda tare da ire-irenta, fagagen da sanda ta kankane, da dalilan riƙeta, da masu amfani da ita. Nazarin zai kawo irin yadda zamantakewar Bahaushe ta bai wa sanda muhimmanci, kamar a wajen harkar fada wato sarauta, da addini, da tsaro ko kare kai, da neman abinci ko sana’a, da magani da sauransu. Haka kuma za a kalli irin yadda Hausawa kan yi kasuwancin sanda a tsakaninsu. Ban da wannan za a dubi irin halin damuwa da wasu masu riƙe sanda kan shiga idan suka buƙaceta ba su samu ba. Maƙalar zata kawo jirwayen sanda a adabin Bahaushe na baka, daga ƙarshe sai kammalawa da manazarta.

1.0.            Gabatarwa.

 Wannan maƙala na da ƙudurin yin nazari a kan matsayin sanda, da gudummowarta, da tasirinta a rayuwar Bahaushe. Maƙalar zata kawo ma’anar sanda, da ire-irenta, da kasuwancinta, da fagagen da sanda ya mamaye, tare da gano irin shaƙuwar da Bahaushe ya yi da sanda ta yadda har bai iya gudanar da wasu abubuwa na rayuwarsa sai da ita.

Bugu da ƙari wannan nazari ya ƙara fito da muhimmancin sanda a tunanin Bahaushe, kamar a wajen harkar fada wato sarauta, da addini, da tsaro ko kare kai, da neman abinci ko sana’a, da magani da sauransu. Bayan wannan kuma, nazarin ya ƙara nuna muhmmancin sanda a fagen adabin bakan Bahaushe. An kuma ƙara fito da irin girmamawar da ake yiwa sanda a Bahaushiyar al’ada. A ƙarshe sai kammalawa da manazarta.

1. 1 Ma’anar Sanda:

CNL(2006:388) Sanda-itace da aka karya ko sara daga jikin bishiya don yin amfani da shi kamar a makami na dukan wani ko don dogarawa. ii. na girma itace ko kwagiri na nuna muƙami da ake ba wanda aka ba sarauta.

Ayuba(2015:428)Sanda-itace da aka yanko daga bishiya ya bushe aka gyara shi daidai riƙawa ko dogarawa. 2. Gyararren itace miƙaƙƙe mara kauri don adon tafiya ko amfani ga makafi ko guragu. 3. kulki da za a iya duka da shi. 4. Abu ne mara kauri dangin kwagiri, kandiri, gora, kulki.

Bisa la’akari da bayanai da masana suka yi kai tsaye ana iya cewa, Sanda na nufin wani dogon itace ne wanda Bahaushe kan saro ta daga bishiya, saboda wasu bukatu na musamman waɗanda sukan taso a harkokin rayuwa ta yau da kullum. Ita sanda wata aba ce da akan riƙe ko dogarata ko tokare wani abu wanda tsawonta bai wuce tsowon mutum ba, haka kuma gajertanta bai wuce kamu uku ba. Akwai sandar itace wanda akan samu reshen bishiya a saro daga reshe mara kauri. Ban da wannan kuma akwai sandar ƙarfe wanda akan yi ta daga farin ƙarfe, ko baƙin ƙarfe ko holoƙo ko jangari.

 Bayan waɗannan kuma, akwai sandar roba wadda zamani ya kawo. Da zarar Bahaushe ya ce sanda ya ambaci sunanta na gama-gari. Bisa wannan dalili ya sanya ya bai wa sanda wasu sunaye domin rarrabewa, gwargwadon girma da kuma amfani ko kuma irin abubuwan da akan yi da ita.

 

 

1. 2 Faɗaɗa Ma’anar Sanda

Faɗaɗa ma’anar kalma na nufin, a ɗauki wata kalma a yi amfani da ita a kan wani abu. ko a ba ta wata sabuwar ma’ana wanda ya saɓa da nata na asali. A al’adar Bahaushe wadda ta zama ɗabi’a a maganganun yau da kullum. Ya ɗauki wata kalma ya faɗaɗa ma’narta don yin amfani da ita a wata fuskar, ko kuma wani gurbin. Wannan ɗabi’ar kuwa, ta zama karɓaɓɓiya a gare shi. Duk dai akan faɗaɗa ma’anar kalma, a wani lokaci ma ba a cika gane ko tantance asalin kalmar ba.

 Kalmar sanda ita ma ba ta tsira ba daga irin wannan ɗabi’ar ba. Bahaushe ya faɗaɗa ma’anar kalmar sanda ta fuskoki da dama tare da sakaya ma’anar kalma a wasu maganganun yau da kullum. Misali: -

Sandar Bagaruwa= nau’in wata akuya.

Kokarar ƙadangare=Jelar ƙadangare

Tsabgar tsari=Jelar Tsari

Tsumangiyar kan hanya= Yunwa

Sandar Makauniya= Nau ‘in gado mai rumfa

1. 3 Ire-Iren Sanda.

Kamar yadda Bahaushe yace, “kowa da kiwon da ya karɓe shi. ” Bisa wannan dalili ne yasa tilas ne ga Bahaushe ya keɓe kowace sanda tare da fayyace irin amfanin kowace daga ciki, sannan kuma wace irin sanda sunan da ya kirata. A wannan nazari da na yi akan harkar sanda, na fahimci akwai sanduna irin daban-daban. Kowace daga cikinsu, Bahaushe ya bata sunan daya dace da ita, kamar haka:

1.     Gora,

2.     kwagiri,

3.     Kokara

4.     kulki,

5.     kandiri,

6.    Sandar Mulki

7.     kere,

8.     sandar makaho

9.    Sandar Gurgu

10.           sandar tsufa

11.           maƙata,

12.               Taɓarya,

13.               Sungumi,

14.               Sango.

15.               Sandar dargaza.

16.               Tsabga.

17.               Tsumagiya.

18.               Sandar fyaɗi

 

19.               Sandar juyi.

20.               Sandar su

21.               Mashi

22.               Madaɓi

23.               Mucciya

24.               Dokin kara

Ko da yake zamani ya kawo katako duk da yake shi ma itace ne, to amma shi ana masa kwalliya.

2. 0 Sanda A Fagen Mulki.

Sanda ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a fagen mulki wato sarauta, saboda ana amfani da sanda a fadojin Sarakuna a Ƙasar Hausa. Bayan wannan kuma, zamani ya ƙara wa sanda matsayi inda Turawan mulkin mallaka suka ƙirƙiro sandar ƙarfe wadda suka bai wa Sarakuna a arewacin Nijerya wato Ƙasar Hausa da maƙwabtansu daga shekarar 1914. Waɗannan sanduna suna da asali ne daga sandar kandiri wadda Limamin juma’a kan riƙe in zai yi huɗuba. Domin a tarihi Sarakuna su ne Limamai a Ƙasar Hausa. Haka kuma sai ya ƙirƙiri sandar kwagiri wadda ya bai wa Sarakunan kudanci Nijerya. Game da waɗannan sanduna na sarauta har wani matsayin daraja ya basu, Da farko akwai farar sanda mai daraja ta ɗaya,(First Class Emir) sannan da jar sanda mai daraja ta biyu,(second class Emir) daga ƙarshe sai kuma sanda mai daraja ta uku(third class Emir).

Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo a waƙar Shehun Borno yace:

 Jagora:Farar sanda ag gareshi,

ba jar sanda ag gare shi ba,

Shi girmansa na farko ne,

 ba ƙarin ƙarin girma akai ba.

 Amshi:Ɗan Umaru ba haye ma ba,

Shehun Borno Mazan jiran daga.

 

Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo a waƙar Sarkin Suleja yace:

 Jagora:Mashi ƙirar Annabi Nuhu,

 Yara:Wannan yana nan ga hannun Sarki,

 Jagora:Mashi ƙirar Annabi Nuhu,

 Yara:Wannan yana nan ga hannun Sarki,

 Jagora:Ƙur’anin Sarkin Bagadaza,

 Yara: Duk suna nan ga hannu Sarki,

 Jagora:Har butar Sarki Bagadaza.

 Amshi:Mai Ƙasar Suleja Ɗan Musa,

 

Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina a waƙar Chiroman Gwambe y ace:

 Jagora:Nan munka sadu Birnin Zazzau

 Ranar bai wa Sarki Sanda,

 Nai ban kwana ya amsa min,

 Sai na zo Chiroman Gwambe,

 Sai ka zo Lawal mai Shata,

 Amshi:Allah jiƙan Chiroman Gwambe

 

 

 

3. 0 Sanda A Fagen Addini

Babu shakka Bahaushe yana amfani da sanda a fagen addini, wannan kuma ya haɗa da addinin gargajiya da addinin musulunci.

Dangane da addinin gargajiya, kamar a harkar bori akwai bori mai nakada wadda mai shi yake hawa wata sanda ko gwangwala a matsayin dokin kara. Haka kuma akwai wata sandar ƙarfe fara wadda mai iska Malam Alhaji ke riƙewa.

3. 1 Sanda A Addini Musulunci

Dangane da addinin musulunci kuwa, nan ma akwai sandar kandiri, sandar da Limamin juma’a ke riƙewa. Haka kuma akwai wani bayani da aka yi cewar wanda yai tafiya ba sanda to lallai ya munana. Akwai wasu ƙissoshi da suka zo wasu surori a Alƙur’ani mai girma kamar ƙissar Annabi Shu’aibu, da Annabi Musa sun nuna matsayin sanda. Kamar inda:

 Annabi Shu’aibu ya bai wa Annabi Musa sanda don ya yi kiwon dabbobi,

Sanda na ɗaya daga cikin ayoyin da aka ba Annabi Musa.

 Annabi Musa da sanda ne ya bugi kogi Nilu ya rabe biyu, suka wuce da mutanensa, aka hallaka mutanen Fir’auna.

Annabi Musa da sanda ne ya kara da matsafan Fir’auna ya rinjayesu.

 Alhaji Sani Sabulu Kanoma a waƙar Halin duniya yace:

In ka ga Malam da naɗi da allo,

ga littafi da buta da sanda.

A kwana atashi in duniya ce

sai ka ga Boka da da gitta da jkka,

 ga burgami da ‘yan ƙulle-ƙulle,

Daga baya ya samu fatar biri ya ɗauro.

4. 0 Sanda Abin Dogaro

Bahaushe ya ɗauki sanda a matsayin wata abin dogaro da kuma kare kai a fannin tsaro. Dangantakar sanda da tsoho, akwai wata maganar azanci mai cewa ai wane yakai ga ƙafa uku, ma’ana ya tsufa yana dogara sanda.

4. 1 Sandar Gurgu: Ban da dogara sanda da tsoho yake yi, akwai sandar gurgu wadda gurgu mai larura a ƙafa kan yi amfani da ita. Gurgu kan yi amfani da sanda a matsayin madogara mai taimaka masa ya yi tafiya.

4. 2 Sandar Makaho: Daga gurgu kuwa sai makaho sanda kan taimaka wa makaho da ba shi da ido, wajen yi masa jagora hanyar da zai bi, a wasu lokota ko babu ɗan jagora. Domin akwai wasu makafin da kan yi tafiya suka dai ta hanyar amfani da sandarsu, musamman yanzu da zamani ya kawo sanduna masu naura, masu gwadawa makaho hanya.

5. 0 Sanda A Fagen Tsaro

Dangane da matsayin sanda wajen tsaro ko kare kai, Bahaushe kan yi amfani da sanda a fagen daga da sauransu. Haka kuma sanda kan ƙarawa mutum natsuwa in har yana reƙe da ita wani abun tsoro ya taso masa kamar maciji ko kare da sauransu. Kamar wata waƙa ta Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun inda yace:

 kai mai kashe maciji,

 sai bari jifa ka nemi sanda.

6. 0 Sanda A Fagen Farauta

Sanda kan taimaka wa masu zuwa farautar namun daji a dawa, mafarauta kuma kanyi amfani da sanda a daji wajen buge wata dabba ko tsuntsu kamar sandar kere wadda ake buge zabo da ita. Baya ga wannan kuma su kansu mafarautan suna yin amfani da sanda wajen yin faɗa a inda sukan kai duka da ita. Baya ga wannan kuma su kare kansu da ita idan aka kawo masu duka, kamar sandar kokara da gora. Bayan wannan kuma akwai kulki da sango.

Alhaji Maidaji Sabon Birni a waƙar Sarkin Zazzau yace:

 Jagora:Kulkin bugun kura,

 in an ka sa takobi an ɓata.

 Amshi:Balaraben Sarki,

Aikinka ya yi kyau

Sarkin Zazzau

 

Kamar wata waƙa ta Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun a waƙar Muhammadu Mai kawari Na Zazzau inda yace:

Harbin giwa sai mai sango,

ko shi ma sai akwai laya,

 

 mai halin yabo Mamman

 Mai gaskiya da imani.

 

 

 7. 0 Sanda A Fagen Yaƙi

A filin daga wato yaƙi nan ma sanda na bayar da gudunmowa, saboda akwai mashi wanda yake shi ma sanda ce, amma ta ƙarfe mai tsinin kai, wanda akan kai suka da shi ga abokin gaba, ko a yi jifa da shi. Sannan ga kibiya wadda ake harba ta zuwa ga abokan gaba.

8. 0 Sanda A Fagen Sana’a

 Dangane da harkar sana’a kuwa, Bahaushe kan yi amfanin da sanda a wasu sana’o’insa, kaɗan daga cikin sana’o’in sun haɗa da:

 Sana’ar su wadda masunta ke gudanar da ita a kogi, ta kamun kifi a inda suke amfani da sanda wajen ɗaura ƙugiya ko fatsa da zaren lilo domin kamun kifi a kogi.

Haka kuma akwai sana’ar rini wadda marina ke gudanarwa a karofi ko marina a nan ma akwai sandar juyi mai kama da maburgi wadda ake juya ruwan baba da ita.

 Sana’ar ɓallota wato masu karyo itace daga daji su sayar, akwai sandar maƙata wadda ake ɗaurawa da dogon karan dawa ko gwangwala, suna amfani da maƙata wajen ɓallo ko fizgo busasshen itace ko a tsinko ‘ya’yan itace.

 Haka kuma akan ɗaura zabari wani lokaci da sanda saboda ciro guga a rijiya.

Bayan wannan kuma makiyaya masu sana’ar kiwon dabbbobi kan yi amfani da sanda wajen kiwon dabbobi musamman wajen korar su saboda kar su yi ɓarna da kuma daidaitasu.

 Masu sana’ar fito a kogi wato matuƙa jirgin ruwa wato kwale-kwale sukan yi amfani da sanda wajen tuƙa kwale-kwale a cikin kogi.

Sandar fyaɗi wadda mata masu sussukar hatsi ke amfani da ita. Sandar madaɓi wanda ake daɓen sabon ɗaki. Akwai muciya wanda mata ke tuƙin tuwo da sana’ar ƙuli-ƙuli.

Baya ga wannan kuma a dangane da alada, sanda ta yi kane-kane, saboda akwai inda akan yi rawar taƙai wadda samari ke yi da ita. Haka kuma a adabin baka irinsu: Karin Magana da waƙar baka da tashe.

9. 0 Amfanin Sanda

 Bahaushe kan yi amfani da sanda ta fuskoki masu yawa, wannan kuma ya haɗa da tsaro ko kariyar kai. Haka kuma akwai wasu sana’o’in Bahaushe waɗanda basa yiwo dole sai da sanda. Sana’a kamar rini dole sai da amfani da sandar juyi. Masu sana’ar ɓallota dole sai da maƙata, masu sana’ar sussuka dole sai da sandar fyaɗi, casar gyaɗa, ko wake dole sai da taɓarya. Sana’ar ƙuliƙuli dole said a muciyar ƙuli, tuwo kuma da muciyar tuwo. Maata masu sana’ar dakau dole said a taɓarya. Masunta suna yin amfani da sandar kamun kifi fatsa.

 10. 0 Jirwayen Sanda A Adabin Bahaushe

Karin Magana

Sandar mulki ba a zunguri dake sai nuni.

Sandar dukan kura da safe ake ɗaukota.

Sandar dukan kura da rana ake samota.

Hannunka mai sanda.

Sandar dake hannunka da ita kake kai duka.

Raba makaho da sanda.

Makaho mai babbar sanda.

Idan kai na yawo sanda na yawo wataran za a haɗu.

Idan kere na yawo zabo na yawo wataran za a haɗu ne.

 10. 1 Jirwayen Sanda A Waƙoƙin Baka

Alhaji Musa Ɗankwairo a waƙar ‘Yandoto yana cewa:

Kyawun Ɗansarki talatin

Ɗansarki duy ya yi sittin

 bai gaji gidansu ba ta ɓace mai

sai biɗar jalli ai dubun jakkai

 a samu na shan dawo kar alalace,

 Da ɗan kulki nai sai ka ji fas.

Alhaji Musa Ɗankwairo a waƙar Sarkin Daura yana cewa:

Kai mai kashe maciji

 sai bari jifa ka nemi sanda.

Alhaji Mamman Shata Katsina Umaru Ɗanɗanduna Na gwandu yace :

Ga mai jirgi, ga mai jirgi,

 ga mai mota umaru Gwandu

ina direbobin zamani

sukau direbobin zamani,

 su san kana nan umaru gwandu,

 in don direbobin zamani,

 ɗau sanda shiga bugun abinka,

 sa gora tittiƙi abinka,

 kashe biri bai kai ga igwa ba

me zaka sawa bindiga umaru gwandu.

Umaru Ɗanɗanduna Na gwandu

 

10. 2 Jirwayen Sanda A Tashe

Ma’anar Tashe: - Wani wasa ne mai kama was an kwaikwayo wanda yaran hausawa kan yi da watan azumin radana. Idan watan azumi ya kai kwana goma sha uku, sai yara su fara yawo gida-gida suna yin was an tare da waƙe-waƙe, su kuma matan gidan suna basu sadaka.

Tashe wani wasa ne da yara kan yi a watan Azumi, bayan watan azumi ya kwana goma sha uku, wasan tashe wani wasa ne kamar na kwaikwayo, saboda yawanci wasan yakan zama kamar ana kwaikwayon wasu harkoki na rayuwa ta haƙiƙa. yara kan yi wasan tashe a cikin ƙungiya, sannan kuma kowanne tashe na da irin nashi waƙar da ake yi.

Tsoho da gemu ya tsufa

Ka yi rawa kai malam

Kayi rawa kai malam

Ga rawani

 ga allon

Ga sandar

Kulu da karkace.

ü  ZB: Kun ga ƙulu da karkace.

Kishiya tai min shi da taɓarya.

ü  AM: Ba ita tai miki ba.

ü  ZB: Ita tai min.

ü  AM: Ba ita tai miki ba.

ü  ZB: Ita tai min.

ü  ZB: Kishiya tai min shi da taɓarya.

ü  AM: Ba ita tai miki ba.

ü  ZB: Ita tai min.

10. 3 Jirwayen Sanda A Tatsuniya

Sandata da uwata ta bani,

Maharbi ya karɓe ya bani tsuntsuna.

 

10. 4 Akwai wata almarar kacici-kacici mai cewa:

Wani abu da safe yana tafiya da ƙafa huɗu, sai da rana ya yi tafiya da ƙafa biyu, sannan da yamma ya yi tafiya da ƙafa uku. Sai a tambayi mai saurare cewa wane abu ne? amsar shi ne mutum. Da safe ana nufin yana yaro, ƙafa huɗu shine rarrafe da hannuwa biyu da ƙafa biyu, su ne huɗu. Da rana kuma, shi ne ya girma ya yi tafiya da ƙafafunsa biyu. Da yamma kuma ya yi tafiya da ƙafafu uku, wato ya tsufa ya yi tafiya da ƙafufuwansa biyu kuma ya ƙara da sanda it ace ta uku.

 A wani labarin wani tsoho da jikokinsa.

Wani Tsoho yana dogara sanda, sai jikokinsa suka ce ya sayar masu da sandar da yake dogarawa, shi kuwa sai ya ce: Ni ma yau da gobe ce ta sayar min, idan kuka yi haƙuri taku tana zuwa da sannu.

11. 0 Kammalawa:

 A ƙarshe wannan nazari ya hararo matsayin sanda, da gudummowarta, da tasirinta a rayuwar Bahaushe. Maƙalar ta kawo ma’anar sanda, da ire-irenta, da bayyana fagagen da sanda ta mamaye, tare da gano irin shaƙuwar da Bahaushe ya yi da sanda ta yadda har bai iya gudanar da wasu abubuwa na rayuwarsa sai da ita. Babu shakka wannan nazari ya ƙara fito da wasu abubuwa game da muhimmancin sanda ta inda ya shafi tunanin Bahaushe, kamar taimakawa a fagen wasu sana’u, da malamai a fagen addini, da harkar mulki . Bayan wannan kuma, nazarin ya ƙara nuna muhmmancin sanda a fagen magani da na tattalin arziki a rayuwar Bahaushe. An kuma ƙara fito da irin girmamawar da ake yi wa sanda a Bahaushiyar al’ada.

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