Kwatance a Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Sitidiyo: Tsokaci Daga Wasu Waƙoƙin Sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi

Cite this article as: Mukhtar, K.B., Baba, I., Usman, A. & Lalloki, S.B. (2023). Kwatance a Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Sitidiyo: Tsokaci Daga Wasu Waƙoƙin Sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, (2)2, 167-175. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2023.v02i02.019.

Kamilu Bashir Mukhtar

Department of Hausa Language,
 Aminu Kano College of Islamic and Legal Studies, Kano
08039641126

Da 

Ibrahim Baba

National Teachers Institute, Kaduna.
07066366586, 08125351694
ibrahimba182@gmail.com 

Da

Abu Usman
Department of Hausa
Sa'adatu Rimi University of Education, Kano
0803 718 5538
 abusman72@gmail.com 

Da 

Salman Bashir Lalloki,
Department of Hausa,
School of Secondary Education, Language,
Aminu Kano College of Islamic and Legal Studies Kano

Tsakure

Wannan takarda ta yi nazarin salon Kwatance ne a wasu waƙoƙin sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi. A cikin takardar an fito da misalai na kwatantawa tare da yi musu sharhi. An ɗora nazarin wannan takarda bisa Mazhabar Nazarin Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya ta Gusau (2015). Dabaru da hanyoyin da aka bi wajen gudanar da wannan takarda sun haɗa da hira da Haruna Aliyu Ningi da wasu manazarta waƙar baka. Sannan an samo waƙoƙin ne kai tsaye daga wurin Haruna Ningi a inda aka juye su a rubuce domin samun saƙin nazari. Binciken ya gano Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da dabarar adonta harshe ta kwatantawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kamantawa ta daidaito da ta fifiko da siffantawa da jinsintarwa wanda ta haɗa da abuntarwa da mutuntarwa da dabbantarwa da kuma alamtarwa.Gudummawar da takardar za ta bayar ita ce ƙara ba da haske ga manazarta da ɗalibai ta yadda za su nazarci adon harshe a waƙoƙin baka na Hausa.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Kwatance, Waƙar Baka, Makaɗa, Sitidiyo, Haruna Aliyu Ningi

1.0 Gabatarwa

Waƙa na ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin sadarwa da ake amfani da ita wajen isar da saƙo a wannan lokaci da muke ciki. Za a fahimci haka idan aka yi la’akari da yadda mawaƙa suke taka rawa wajen bayyana manufofin gwamnati ko tallata wata haja ko sanar da bikin ɗaurin aure ko fito da abubuwa na wayar da kan al’umma da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi rayuwar yau da kullum.

Wannan takarda ta yi nazarin kwatance ne a wasu waƙoƙin sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi. A cikin takardar an kawo taƙaitaccen tarihin makaɗiHaruna Aliyu Ningi. An kawo hanyoyin da dabarun da aka yi amfani da su wajen nazarin. Haka kuma an kawo bayani a kan ma’anar kwatance da nau’o’insa waɗanda suka haɗa da kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa a inda aka fito da misalansu tare da yi musu sharhi. Daga ƙarshe an kawo jawabin kammalawa, da kuma manazarta.

1.1 Tarihin Haruna Aliyu Ningi

Haihuwar Haruna Aliyu Ningi ta auku ne a ranar Talata 22/11/1972 a ƙauyen Rumbu da ke cikin ƙaramar hukumar Ningi ta jahar Bauchi. Kasancewar mahaifinsa malamin ne, Haruna ya yi karatun allo a wurin mahaifin nasa wanda a wurinsa ne ya sauke Alkur’ani, tare da karatun sauran fannoni waɗanda suka haɗa da Fiƙihu da Hadisai da sauran fannonin addininn Musulunci. Ya halarci makarantar firamare ta garin Rumbu daga shekarar 1977-1981. Ya samu nasarar shiga makarantar sakandire da take garin Bura daga 1981 zuwa 1986. Haruna ya ci gaba da karatu mai zurfi a makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha da ke Ƙauran Namoda, a inda ya samu takardar shaidar Dufuloma a ɓangaren harkokin kuɗi (Financial Studies) a shekarar 1996. Bayan kammala karatun ne ya faɗa harkar siyasa.

Ya fara waƙa ne a shekarar 1996 a lokacin siyasar UNCP da DPN. Yana da shahararrun waƙoƙi waɗanda suka haɗa da waƙar “PDP jam’iyata” da “Ku faɗa wa Obasanjo; Mu kan ba mu yarda ta zarce ba” da kuma “Shegiyar uwa mai kashe ‘ya’yanta PDP” da sauransu. Haruna bai gaji waƙa ba domin mahaifinsa malami ne, to amma da yake Allah ya ƙaddara zai zama mawaƙi sai ya tsinci kansa a cikin harkar. Haka kuma ba wanda ya koya masa waƙa, kawai dai Allah ne ya haska tauraronsa, shi ya sa ma ba shi da wani wanda zai ce shi ne maigidansa a harkar waƙa, sai dai abokan hulɗa kawai. Haruna makaɗi ne da yake aiwatar da waƙoƙinsa da kayan kiɗan zamani tare da ‘yan amshi a sitidiyonsa mai suna Baushe Media da ke garin Bauchi (Muhammad, 2019, sh. 4).

2.0 Waƙoƙin Haruna Aliyu Ningi A Faifan Manazarta

Masana da manazarta da dama sun yi rubube-rubube a kan Haruna Aliyu Ningi da waƙoƙinsa, alal misali Muhammad (2007) da Binta (2007) da Ɗan’asabe (2008) da Hussaini (2009) da Madawaki (2012) da Usman (2013) da Zainab (2013) da Hassan (2013) da Sulaiman (2015) da Muhammad (2019) da Hussaini da Muhammad (2020) da Hussaini da Muhammad (2021) Umma (2021) da sauran manazarta da dama.

 

3.0 Dabaru da Hanyoyin Bincike

A yayin gudanar da wannan bincike, an yi amfani da nau’in bincike bi-sharhi ko sharhantaccen bincike. An sami waƙoƙin da aka nazarta kai tsaye daga wurin Haruna Aliyu Ningi a inda aka saurare su sannan aka juye su a rubuce domin samun sauƙin nazari. Waƙoƙin da aka nazarta sun haɗa da “waƙar Zannan Katsina” da “waƙar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau” da “waƙar Dattuwa Mangan Wunti” da “waƙar Sarkin Wamba” da “waƙar sarkin Damban” da “waƙar Ajiyan Sardaunan Jama’are”.

 An yi amfani da hanyar nazarin waƙar baka Bahaushiya (2015) wadda Farfesa Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya wallafa a shekarar 2015. Haka kuma muhimman ɓangaren da aka yi amfani da shi wajen wannan nazari, shi ne dabarar kwatance wacce ta

 haɗa da kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa.

Ma’anar Kwatantawa

Kwatantawa na nufin gwada abubuwa domin nemo bambanci tsakaninsu (CNHN2006, shf. 268). Dija Ɗan’iya (1997, shf. 14) cewa ta yi, “kwatantawa dabaru ne na gwada/kwatanta nau’o’in darajoji guda biyu ko fiye inda za a yi ƙoƙarin gwama ma’ana ta fuskar daidaitawa ko bambantawa”.

Ta la’akari da waɗannan ma’anoni da aka kawo, za a iya cewa kwatantawa dabara ce da mawaƙa suke amfani da ita su auna abubuwa biyu mabambanta domin a fito da kamanci ko bambancin da ke tsakaninsu.

Daga cikin nau’o’in adon harshe na kwatantawa akwai kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa.

5.0 Waƙoƙin Baka na Sitidiyo

Gusau (2014; shf. 13) ya bayyana cewa “Waƙoƙin baka na sitidiyo su ne waƙoƙin baka na zamani kuma waƙoƙi ne waɗanda ake rera su a sitidiyo. Daga nan ne za a iya sadar da su ta bin ƙaramar murya daga kwamfuta. Ana ajiye waƙoƙin baka na zamani kai tsaye ta naɗarsu a CD-CD ko a album-album”.

Ana ɗora wa waɗannan waƙoƙi kiɗa ne daga kayan kiɗa na baƙi waɗanda aka tanada a ɗaki na musamman da ake kira sitidiyo. Daga cikin kayan kiɗan baƙi da ake harhaɗawa a sitidiyo akwai fiyano da jita da ganguna na Turawa da bigala da tsintsiya da sauransu (Gusau 2014, sh; 13-14).

Daga cikin makaɗan sitidiyo akwai Aminu Ladan Abubakar (Alan Waƙa), da Adamu A. Zango (Prince Zango), da Fati Nijar, da Maryam Sale Fantimoti, da Mahmud Isma’il Ibrahim Nagudu, da Ma’aruf Shatan Manzo, da Murja A. Baba, da Nazifi Asnanic, da Rabi Mustafa Isa, da Misbahu Muhammad Ahmad, da Shehu Sani Ɗanmaraya Wudil, da Sadiƙ Zazzaɓi, da Bello Ibrahim Billy-o, da sauransu (Gusau 2016; sh. 231).

Dabarun Kwatantawa a Waƙoƙin Sarauta na Haruna Aliyu Ningi

Haruna Aliyu Ningi ya yi amfani da dabarar adon harshe ta kwatantawa a wasu waƙoƙinsa na sarauta domin ƙawata waƙoƙin da samar da armashi ga masu sauraro.Daga cikin nau’o’in adon harshe na kwatantawa da aka yi misalai da su a wannan nazari akwai kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa.

Kamantawa

Kamantawa salo ne da mawaƙa suke amfani da shi wajen kwatanta abubuwa biyu ko fiye mabambanta, su nuna daidaituwarsu ko fifikon dake tsakaninsu. Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da ire-iren waɗannan salo na kamantawa da aka yi bayani a cikin waƙoƙinsa na sarauta. Domin haka ga misalai nan don a tabbatar da haka cikin sassa uku masu zuwa.

Kamantawa ta Daidaito

Wannan salo ne da mawaƙa ke amfani da shi wajen kwatanta abubuwa guda biyu masu darajoji ko halayya daban-daban su ce daidai suke, ko da kuwa a zahiri abin ba haka yake ba. Sukan yi amfani da kalmomin nuna daidaito waɗanda suka haɗa da: kamar, daidai da, tamkar, ya, sai ka ce, iwa da sauransu.

Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salo na kammantawar daidaito domin ƙarin daraja da armashi a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta yayin isar da saƙo ga masu sauraro kamar haka:

Jagora: Fada gidana ce,

 :Kamar farin wata take sha kallo,

  ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Ba maganar ɓoye ta,

 : Tai kamar wurin da ake ƙwallo,

  ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Gidanmu gidan sirru,

 : Gidan da har da hanci ana gwalo,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Gidan da ake sulhu,

 : Amma cikinsa bai rasa gaba ba,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ka ja mu zuwa Zanna Katsina,

 : Alhaji Lawan Musa,

 : Mahassada ba za su iya ma ba.

  (Waƙar ‘Zannan Katsina’ ɗa na 7)

A wannan ɗan waƙa ta Zannan[1] Katsina da aka kawo a sama, Haruna Ningi ya yi kamantawar daidaito, a inda ya yi amfani da kalmar ‘kamar’ ya kwatanta ‘fada’ da ‘farin wata’. Fada a nan na nufin inda sarki yake zama ana kawo masa gaisuwa. Farin wata kuwa halitta ce mai fitowa da dare, mai haske da ke sama wanda yake haska duniya. Haka kuma abin kallo ne da ban sha’awa ga al’umma. A saboda haka ne ma Hausawa kan ce: “Farin wata sha kallo”. A nan mawaƙin ya yi amfani da dabarar ne wajen bayyana wa masu sauraro cewa fada abar sha’awa ce ga mai kallonta, shi ya sa ya kwatanta ta da farin wata.

Haka kuma a dai cikin misali na farkon, ya sake yin amfani da kalmar ‘kamar’ ya kwatanta‘fada’ da ‘filin ƙwallo’. Filin ƙwallo fili ne na musamman da aka tanade shi don buga wasan ƙwallo wanda mutane ke taruwa su kalli wasan. A wannan zamani da muke ciki ba wani wurin kallon wasa da yake tara jama’a kamar filin ƙwallo. A nan mawaƙin yana sanar da masu sauraro irin yadda fada take da wasu keɓantattun siffofi waɗanda suka bambamta da sauran wurare haka filin kwallo yake da wannan siffofi na musamman.

Haka kuma a waƙar Sarkin Dambam, Haruna Ningi ya sake yin amfani da wannan dabara ta kamantawar daidaito. Ga misali daga ɗan waƙar:

 Jagora: In dai ka ji dindifa to tauri ake,

 : In kuma ka ji tambura Sarki ya zaka,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama lafiya,

 Jagora: Ga mai shimfiɗa da darduma ‘yar Masar,

 : Ga miski irin nasu mai santsi jika,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama lafiya,

 Jagora: Ga rawani irin na yadi ɗan Turkiya,

 : Takalmansa ban faɗi sai in ya saka,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama lafiya,

 Jagora: Ihm! Alkyabbarsa mai abin ƙyalli ya saka,

 : In ka gan shi sai ka ceSarkin Siriya,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Taka lafiya hazo rumfasr duniya,

 : Idris Musa ɗan Sulaiman an bar maka,

 : Mai Damban Allah sa ka gama lafiya.

  (Waƙar ‘Sarkin Dambam’ ɗa na 4)

A wannan ɗan waƙa, Ningi ya yi amfani da mahaɗin ‘sai ka ce’ya kwatanta Sarkin Dambam[2] da Sarkin Siriya, a inda ya nuna shigarsa da muhibbarsa ta sarauta iri ɗaya ce da ta Sarkin Siriya.Duk ya yi haka ne don ya fito da daraja da ƙimarsa ga masu sauraro.

6.1.2 Kamantawa ta Fifiko

Wannna salo ne a inda ake kwatanta abubuwa guda biyu a fito da fifikon da ke tsakaninsu. Ana yin amfani da wannan salon ne domin a ɗaga darajar abin da ake yabo a ɗaya ɓangaen kuma a ƙasƙantar da darajar ɗaya abin, ta hanyar amfani da kalmomin da suke fito da fifiko a fili kamar: ya zarce, ya fi, ya sha daban, ya wuce, ya shanye, ya san bada sauransu.

Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da wannan salo na kamantawar fifiko domin ƙarin armashi a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta, kamar haka:

 Jagora: Yau ga ni da waƙa Ningi,

 : Ita ma da kiɗa mai sauƙi,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Yaƙin Sardauna.

 Jagora: Ta ba da salo mai daɗi,

 : Da ya zarce Bafaden Sarki,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ajiyan Difuti mai girma.

 Jagora: Ba a ba shi Bafaden ma ba,

 : Ibrahim Abu Sadauki,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Yaƙin Sardauna.

 Jagora: Yaro da halayen girma,

 : Mun sami siga mai zaƙi,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ajiyan Difuti mai girma.

 Jagora: Da fura da kununmu da koko,

 : Mun zo mu saka shi a kwaki,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ibrahim Abu Sadauki.

 Jagora: A gidanmu zuma ke dambe,

 : Amma ban da gidan alfarma,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ibrahim Abu Sadauki,

 : Sarkin yaƙin kawuna,

 : Ka daɗe Ajiyan Sardauna,

 : Mai Difuti Gwamna mai girma.

  (Waƙar ‘Ajiyan Sardaunan Jama’are’ ɗa na 2)

Ta lura da abin da aka nazarta a wannan ɗan waƙa da aka kawo a sama, makaɗin ya yi amfani da salon kamantawa ta fifiko a inda yake nuna cewa waƙar da ya yi wa Sarkin Yaƙin Sardauna Ibrahim Abu Sadauki ta zarce darajar bafaden Sarki. Bafade shi ne mutumin da rayuwarsa ta dogara a fada, yake yi wa Sarki hidima. Saboda hakaya yi amfani da wannan dabara ne don ya nuna muhimmancin waƙar da yake yi wa Ajiyan[3] Sardauna Jama’are.

Haruna Ningi a waƙar da ya yi wa Dattuwa Mangan Wunti, ya yi amfani da wannan salo domin fito da saƙon waƙar tasa cikin hikima kamar haka:

Jagora: Dauri na cikin gida,

 : Dattuwa Manga sha yabo,

‘Y/Amshi: Garba Aliyu Maigamo,

Jagora: Ba baƙi babu hassada,

 : Dole in bi ka mai rabo,

‘Y/Amshi: Dattuwa Manga ja gaba,

Jagora: Ai da ganinka kokara,

 :Ka fiicen karankaɓau,

‘Y/Amshi: Garba Aliyu Maigamo,

Jagora: Yashi ka yi kyan gani,

 : Ban da su duna mai ta taɓo,

‘Y/Amshi: Dattuwa Manga ja gaba,

Jagora: Waƙa ba dabo ba ce,

 : In ka iya ta silliɓo,

‘Y/Amshi: Baba uban marar uba,

Jagora: Ga ni nan gidan ubana,

 : Ba ka so ma naka ba,

‘Y/Amshi: Garba Aliyu Maigamo,

 : Dattuwa Manga ja gaba,

 : Baba uban marar uba.

 (Waƙar ‘Dattuwa Mangan Wunti ta III’ ɗa na 17)

A wannan ɗan waƙa da ya gabata, makaɗin ya yi amfani da dabarar kamantawa ta fifiko a inda ya nuna cewa icen kokara ya fi na karankaɓau.Kokara wata doguwar sandace wadda kanta ya fi gindin kauri, ana yi mata adon fata a kuma shafa mata mai. Karankaɓau kuwa wata irin ciyawa ce siririya mai kama da gamba, ana amfani da ita wajen yin rumbu da zana. A nan ya nuna fifiko ne a tsakanin Dattuwa Mangan Wunti da wani wanda bai ambaci sunansa ba, a inda ya kira Dattuwa Manga da kokara shi kuma wancan da icen karankaɓau.

Siffantawa

Siffantawa salo ne na kwatantawa da mawaƙa suke amfani da shi wajen ba wa wani abu sifar wani abu daban kai tsaye.

Haruna Ningi yana amfani da wannan salona siffantawa domin yin kwalliya da jan hankalin masu sauraro a cikin waƙoƙinsa na sarauta, kamar yadda za a gani a waɗannan misalai:

 Jagora: Sallama birnin Zazzau,

 : Kun yi baƙon mai waƙa,

 : Sai ku buɗe kunenku,

 : Gangunana na ɗauka,

 : Ga bayanin ɗan Musa,

 : Baba turmisha duka,

 : Mai dubu ya yalwanta,

 : Mai ɗari mai zai furta,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,

 Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,

 : Gaskiya ta yi halinta.

(Waƙar ‘Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 3)

Dangane da wannan ɗan waƙa da ya gabata, Haruna Ningi ya yi amfani da wannan salo na siffantawa, inda ya siffanta Sarkin Gandun[4] Zazzau da turmi. Turmi wani irin fafaffen itace ne wanda aka gyara don a dinga daka hatsi ko wani abu a cikinsa, ta hanyar amfani da taɓarya. Makaɗin ya yi wannan kwatance ne domin ya fito da juriyar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau a wurin masu sauraro.

Har ila yau, a wannan waƙa ta Sarkin Gandun Zazzau ɗa na 5, Haruna Ningi ya sake amfani da wannan dabara ta siffantawa kamar haka:

Jagora: Daga shi sai Mahadi,

 : Na zuriyar ɗan Idirisa,

 : Baba dashi mutuwarka,

 : Mai jira sai ya ƙosa,

 : Ya ɗara ba mai kai shi,

 : Kun ji sabon takensa,

 : Shehu amma Ɗanfodiyo,

: Na yau in ka amsa,

 : Ka yi dai dai maganarmu,

 : Baba kowa ya santa,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,

 Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,

 : Gaskiya ta yi halinta.

 (Waƙar “Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 5)

A wannan misali na ɗan waƙar da aka kawo, Haruna Ningi ya siffanta Sarkin Zazzau da itacen dashi ta fuskar nisan kwana. Tsiron daashi wani bishiya ce mai ƙaya-ƙaya wanda ake yin tozali da shi. Tsiro ne da yake daɗewa a duniya bai mutu ba.Don haka ya yi amfani da wannan salo ne don sanar da masu jiran sarautar Sarkin Zazzau cewa ba zai mutu da wuri ba, masu jiran mutuwarsa sai sun ƙosa da jira, domin shi dashi ne mai nisan kwana.

Jinsintarwa

Wannan salo ne da mawaƙa kan ɗauki jinsin halittu biyu da suka bambanta da juna, su kwatanata su ta hanyar ɗaukar wata ɗabi’a ko halayya ta wani jinsin su danganta da wani.

Jinsintarwa ta kasu kamar haka: Mutumtarwa da dabbantarwa da abuntarwa da kuma alamtarwa.

Mutuntarwa

Wannan salo ne da mawaƙa ke amfani da shi a inda suke ɗaukar wani abu da ba mutum ba su ba shi wata halayya ko siffa ko wata daraja wacce mutum ne kawai ya keɓanta da ita.

Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salo na mutuntarwa a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta domin ƙara masu armashi tare da nuna gwanintar harshe wajen jan hankalin masu sauraro. Ga misalan ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa na sarauta da ya yi amfani da dabarar mutuntarwa a cikinsu.

 Jagora: Sai Mayanan Zazzau,

 : Haruna na zo neman ka,

 : Don Magajin Zazzau,

 : Yake faɗa min halinka

 : Amadu ɗan Nuhu,

 : Yanzu duniya ta yafe ka,

 : Gaskiya in da ka gan ta,

 : Na ji sai ka kunto ta,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,

 Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,

 : Gaskiya ta yi halinta.

 (Waƙar ‘Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 24)

Idan aka yi la’akari da wannan ɗa da aka kawo a misali, za a ga cewa Ningi ya mutuntar da duniya ya ba ta halayyar ɗan’adam ta yafiya. Duniya wuri ne da ɗan’adam da sauran halittu ke rayuwa.Yafiya kuwa ita ce yin haƙuri a yayin da wani ya yi maka ba daidai ba. Yafiya halayya ce da ta keɓanta ga ɗan’adam, amma sai makaɗin ya alaƙanta ta da duniya. A nan ya yi amfani da wannan dabar ta mutuntarwa ne domin ya bayyana wa masu sauraro irin yadda al’ummar da suke wannan yanki suka yarda da cewa Ahmad Nuhu mutum ne da suka yarda da gaskiyarsa da riƙon amanarsa, ma’ana duk in da gaskiya take yana wurin.

Haka kuma Haruna ya yi amfani da wannan dabarar ta mutuntarwa a waƙar naɗin Sarkin Wamba kamar haka:

 Jagora: Ranar naɗinka zan sha kallo,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,

 Jagora: Makaɗa zuwa mawaƙan molo,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,

 Jagora: Daga waye har zuwa ɗan dolo,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,

 Jagora: Sai kwarkwatar ido ta tuba,

 : Saboda Baba

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai martaba Lawal ɗan Musa,

 Jagora: Ɗan Nagwaggo,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Allah tsare ka Sarkin Wamba,

 : Sannu Baba.

(Waƙar ‘Naɗin Sarkin Wamba’ ɗa na3)

Idan aka duba za a fahimci cewa a wannan ɗan waƙa na misali na 18 da aka kawo a sama, Haruna Ningi ya mutuntar da kwarkwata a inda ya ɗauki halayyar mutum ya ba ta, wato ya ɗauki halayyar ɗan’adam ta ‘tuba’ ya danganta ta da kwarkwata. Kwarkwata wata ‘yar ƙwaruwa ce ƙanƙanuwa mai cizo da ke maƙalewa a gashin kai ko tufafi, wanda galibi ƙazanta ke kawo ta. A nan makaɗin ya yi amfani da wannan dabarar mutuntarwa ne don ya nuna yadda za a sha kallo a more ranar naɗin Sarkin Wamba[5].

Dabbantarwa

Wannan salo ne da ake amfani da shi a mayar da mutum ko wani abu dabba. A irin wannan salo akan ɗauki wata ɗabi’a ko suna na wata dabba a ba wa mutum ko wani abu da ba dabba ba don bayyana wata manufa.

Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da wannan salo na dabbantarwa a cikin waƙoƙinsa na sarauta. Ga misali daga waƙar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau:

Jagora: Sannu dokina Amina,

 : Gobara sai dai ihu,

 : Goro duk mai jaurarka,

 : Baba sai ya san huhu,

 : Sannu angon Rahama,

 : Cikin mutum ba ya sulhu,

 : Sai buƙatar da ya sa gabansa,

 : Ya kai bangonta,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,

Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku,

 : Gaskiya ta yi halinta.

 (Waƙar ‘Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 12)

A wannan ɗan waƙa da aka kawo, Haruna Ningi ya yi amfani da dabarar dabbantarwa a inda ya siffanta Sarkin Gandun Zazzau da ‘doki’ domin fito da ƙimarsa da ƙarfinsa ga masu sauraro. Doki dabbar gida ne mai kama da jaki da alfadari sai dai ya ɗan fi su girma. Haka kuma dabba ne da take fito da ƙima da darajar wanda ya mallake shi, ana amfani da shi wajen hawa don yi kilisa ko yaƙi. Makaɗin ya yi amfani da dabarar ne don ya nuna ƙarfi da jarumtar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau.

Abuntarwa

Abuntarwa salo ne da makaɗa suke amfani da shi su kwatanta wani abu mai rai da wani abin marar rai.

Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salona abuntarwa a waƙoƙinsa na sarauta waɗanda suka daɗa fayyace ƙwarewarsa wajen adonta harshekamar haka:

 Jagora: Tashi Lawanhadiri,

 : Ɗan Hadiza mai tafiyar jirgi,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Ɗan Musa Bindawa,

  : Bindigace ba a yi mar wargi,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Bayan Sarki ya naɗa ka,

  : Baba za mu wuce Ningi,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: To mu je a yi mai tittle ,

 : A can Haru ba za na yi ƙyashi ba,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ka ja mu zuwa Zanna Katsina,

  : Alhaji Lawan Musa,

  : Mahassada ba za su iya ma ba.

 (Waƙar ‘Zannan Katsina’ ɗa na 11).

Dangane da nazarin da aka yi na wannan ɗan waƙa, an gano cewa Haruna Ningi ya abuntar da Zannan Katsina Alhaji Lawan Musa, a inda ya kwatanta shi da abubuwa marasa rai, wato hadiri da bindiga. Hadiri shi ne haɗaɗɗen girgije wanda ke da alamar sauko da ruwa. Bindiga wani irin makami ne da ake sa wa harsashi don harbawa wajen yaƙi ko farauta. Bindiga kuwa makami ce mai hatsari da kwarjini da ban tsoro, wanda ko ƙararta mutum ya ji sai hankalinsa ya tashi. A nan makaɗin ya yi kwatancen ne don ya kambama Zanna, ya fito da daraja da ƙimarsa.

Har ila yau ya sake yin amfani da wannan dabara ta abuntarwa a waƙar Sarkin Gandun Zazzau, kamar haka:

Jagora: Masu ƙarya sun ɓoye,

 : Baba sun hango ɗanka,

 : Ran da za ku yi artabu,

 : Fargaba sai ta ninka,

 : In kana nan ba ka nan,

 : Baba sun san halinka,

 : Mai ƙazamin ƙarfi,

 : Na ɓoye ga birkin mota,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Sarkin Gandun Zazzau,

Jagora: Sai Sama’ila ɗan Musa,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Baba sarkin dattaku

 : Gaskiya ta yi halinta.

(Waƙar ‘Sarkin Gandun Zazzau’ ɗa na 29).

A wannan ɗan waƙa, Haruna Ningi ya abuntar da Sarkin Gandun Zazzau, ya kwatanta shi da abu marar rai wato ‘birkin mota’ don ya fito da muhimmancinsa kamar yadda burkin mota yake da muhimmanci a mota da kuma direba. Birkin mota wani masarrafi ne da ake amfani da shi don tsayar da mota. A nan makaɗin ya kwatanta Sarkin Gandun Zazzau da birkin mota ne don fito da amfaninsa ga al’umma.

6.1.4.4 Alamtarwa

Alamtarwa salo ne da ake amfani da shi ta hanyar bayyana wata kalma ta tsaya a maimakon wata, wato ta wakilci wata keɓantacciyar manufa.

Haruna Aliyu Ningi yana amfani da irin wannan salon a cikin wasu waƙoƙinsa na sarauta kamar haka:

 Jagora: Ka ja mu mu je fadar mai martaba,

 : In karya ƙafafuna,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Sarki ɗan Sarki in je,

 : In sunkuyar da idanuna,

 ‘Y/Amshi:Iye iye,

Jagora: Ba za na kira sunnan mai martaba ba,

 : Ya zama babana,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Iye iye,

Jagora: Ba zan yi rashin ɗa’a,

 : A gun uban da zai mini sauka ba,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Ka ja mu zuwa Zanna Katsina,

 : Alhaji Lawan Musa,

 :Mahassada ba za su iya ma ba.

(Waƙar ‘Zannan Katsina’ ɗa na 22)

A wannan ɗan waƙa da aka kawo, Ningi ya yi amfani da dabarar alamtarwa a inda ya yi amfani da kalmar ‘karya ƙafafu’ ta tsaya a madadin ‘gaisuwa’.Karya ƙafafu na nufin zama ta hanyar laƙwasa ƙafafuwa don gaishe da Sarki.

Har ila yau, Haruna Ningi ya sake fito da hikima da dabararsa ta alamtarwa a waƙar Sarkin Wamba. Ga abin da yake cewa:

 Jagora: Wani an yi mar naɗi yai girma,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,

 Jagora: Ya kasa yin bikin sai gulma,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,

 Jagora: In ban da masu hangen kurma,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai mutane,

 Jagora: Ya kogi ya rinƙa kyashin gulbi,

 : To bar shi baba,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Mai martaba Lawal Ɗan Musa,

 Jagora: Ɗan Nagwaggo,

 ‘Y/Amshi: Allah tsare ka Sarkin Wamba,

 : Sannu Baba.

(Waƙar ‘Murnar Naɗin Sarkin Wamba’ ɗa na 5)

Dangane da misalin da aka kawo, makaɗin ya yi amfani da dabarar alamtarwa a inda ya kwatanta ’naɗi’ a matsayin alama da ke nufin ‘Sarauta’. Naɗi na nufin zagaya rawani a ka. Sarauta kuwa na nufin shugabanci musamman irin na gargajiya.

Kammalawa

Kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata a wannan takarda, an yi nazari ne dangane da yadda Haruna Ningi yake sarrafa hikimarsa ta amfani da dabarar adon harshen a kwatantawa waɗanda suka haɗa da kamantawa da siffantawa da kuma jinsintarwa a wasu waƙoƙinsa na sarauta.

Nazarin ya fito da misalai na waɗannan dabaru tare da yin sharhi a kansu. Haka kuma nazarin ya gano cewa ya kware wajen iya tsarma waɗannan dabaru a cikin waƙoƙinsa don yin kwalliya tare da jawo hankalin mai sauraro. Don haka a nan za mu ba wa ɗalibai da mawaƙa masu tasowa shawara kamar haka:

i. Ɗalibai su mai da hankali wajen nazarin dabarun adonta harshen a waƙoƙin makaɗa masu tasowa. Wannan zai sa su makaɗan su yi azama wajen ƙoƙarin fahimtar yadda za su dinga amfani da wannan dabara a cikin waƙoƙinsu.

ii. Su kuma makaɗa masu tasowa su yi la’akari da makaɗan da suka gabata da yadda suke shirya waƙoƙinsu ta hanyar yin amfani da dabarun da za su ƙara wa waƙoƙin nasu armashi a yayin sauraro.

Daga ƙarshe za a ga cewa amfani da waɗannan dabaru na adonta harshe na ƙara wa waƙa armashi da riƙe mai sauraro da kuma yi wa waƙa kwalliya.

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[1]Sarautar Zanna, sarauta ce da Hausawa suka aro ta daga masarutar Borno. Sarauta ce da take da matsayi ɗaya da sarautar hakimi. A da ana ba wa mutum wannan sarauta ne a sakamakon wani abin bajinta da ya yi a masarautar da yake.

[2]Damban ƙaramar hukuma ce da ke ƙarƙashin masarautar Bauchi wacce take da faɗin ƙasa kilomita dubu ɗaya da saba’in da bakwai (1,077km) da kuma yawan al’umma kimanin dubu ɗari da hamsin da ɗari tara da ishirin da biyu (150,922) dangane da ƙididdigar humar ƙidaya ta shekarar 2006.

[3]Sarautar Ajiya, sarauta ce ta ajiye muhimman kayan Sarki. Sarauta ce da sai yardajjen Sarki ake naɗawa. Haka kuma sarauta ce da Hausawa suka aro ta daga Borno.

[4]Sarautar Sarkin Gandu, sarauta ce ta kula da gandun (babar gonar) Sarki a Masarutar Zazzau.

[5]Wamba ƙaramar hukuma ce da ke ƙarƙashin masarautar jahar Nassarawa wacce take da faɗin ƙasa kilomita dubu ɗaya da ɗari ɗaya da hamsin da shida (1, 156km) da kuma yawan al’umma kimanin dubu saba’in da biyu da ɗari takwas da huɗu (72,894) dangane da ƙididdigar hukumar ƙidaya ta shekarar 2006.

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