Tsaro a Matakin Hukuma: Hukuma Da Mahukunta a Zamfara 2015-2019

This article is published in the Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture – Volume 1, Issue 1.

Musa Abdullahi
08037765415

Isah Sarkin Fada
08039165872

Department of Languages and Cultures, Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria

Tsakure

Hukuma (wato abin nufi a nan ita ce gwamnati) ita ce ƙashin bayan al’umma a duniya, domin duk ƙasar da ba ta da hukuma da ke kula da tsarin rayuwarta da al’amuran harkokinta na yau da kullum; ta kauce hanya. Haka kuma wannan ƙasa ko gari za a iya cewa sun taɓe sun shiga ruɗu na rashin sanin alƙiblar da suka dosa. Wannan bincike zai yi tsokaci ne kan irin gudummuwar da hukumar jihar Zamfara ke bayarwa wajen kula da tabbatar da tsaro da ya shafi mutane ko al’ummar da ke cikin jihar, dangane da irin faɗace-faɗacen da ke faruwa tsakanin makiyaya da manoma. Wannan hali ya haifar da matsalolo iri-iri ta hanyar kashe-kashen rayuka, ta’addanci da garkuwa da mutane don karɓar kuɗin fansa ya zama ruwan dare. Hukuma ta bayar da gudummuwa don ganin ta warware waɗannan matsalolin da suka addabi jama’a ta hanyar kafa kwamitin kulawa da harkan tsaro a jihar, wanda ya samar da hanyoyi da dama da za a bi a magance waɗannan matsaloli da suka bijiro a wannan jihar ta Zamfara.      

Gabatarwa

Jihar Zamfara, tana ɗaya daga cikin jihohin da ke yankin arewacin Nijeriya wanda Allah ya albarkace ta da ƙasar noma mai kyau, domin duk abin da aka shuka a ƙasar zai fito kuma ya bayar da yabanya sosai. Saboda haka, suke alfahari da noma ga kuma kiwon dabbobi irin su Shanu da Tumaki da Raguna da dai sauran duk nau’in dabbobin da ake kiwatawa. Shi ya sa suke amfani da taken cewa “Noma shi ne alfaharinmu.” Idan aka duba da kyau lallai kuwa abin haka yake ƙwarai.

An fara samun rashin jituwa a tsakanin al’ummomi biyu, wato manoma da makiyaya (Fulani) wajen mu’amala da juna dangane da sana’arsu na noma da kiwo game da ƙorafin da manoma suke yi cewa, makiyaya suna cinye masu amfanin gona ta hanyar tura dabbobinsu cikin gonaki suna yin ɓarna, yin haka na jawo masu hasarar amfanin gona ƙwarai da gaske.

Ɗaya ɓangaren kuma na makiyaya suka ce ai ba da gangan suke yi ba, hakan na faruwa ne domin manoma sun cinye hanyoyi (burtali) da dabbobi za su bi su wuce zuwa kiwo a dazuka, duk sun mai da su gonakinsu. Haka dai sa-in-sa yai ta faruwa tsakanin manoma da makiyaya wanda har ya kai suka fara faɗa da kashe-kashen juna, nan da nan Hukuma (Gwamnati) ta miƙe tsaye ta shiga tsakani don kawo mafita da sulhu saboda a zauna lafiya. Hukuma ta bi ta hanyoyi da dama wajen warware matsalolin kamar ta hanyar shari’a da yanke hukunci duk wanda ya yi wa ɗaya ɓarna sai ya biya kuɗin tara, haka kuma da ƙoƙarin fitar da hanyoyi (burtali) da makiyaya suke kuka a kan cewa, manoma sun cinye wato sun haɗe da gonakinsu ba hanyar wucewa.

Haka dai abu yai ta faruwa, hukuma (gwamnati) tana kula da tabbatar da cewa an zauna lafiya domin ci gaban rayuwar mutanenta.

Dalilin Bincike

Ganin irin tarin matsalolin da ke ƙunshe ko tattare da ɗan Adam, inda ake cewa “ɗan Adam mai wuyan gane hali,” duk ƙoƙari da gwamnati take yi na kawo tsaro da kulawa ga al’umma ta hanyoyi da yawa, can kuma sai a ga wata matsalar ta fito, wannan ya ba mu damar yin bincike domin gano ire-iren hanyoyin da hukuma take bi don murƙushe ko samar da mafita da tabbatar da tsaro a jihar Zamfara.

Farfajiyar Bincike

Wannan bincike zai dubi irin gudummuwar da hukuma ke bayarwa wajen tabbatar da tsaro a jihar Zamfara wanda ya shafi ire-iren matsalolin ta’addanci na harbe-harben mutane babu dalili da masu garkuwa da mutane don karɓan kuɗin fansa da rashin jituwa tsakanin manoma da makiyaya a jihar Zamfara.

Dabarun Bincike

Binciken ya yi amfani da bayanai da tsare-tsaren da hukuma (gwamnati) ta tanadar wajen tabbatar da cin nasarar samar da zaman lafiya tare da kafa kwamitin kulawa da harkan tsaro, inda aka samu damar zantawa da wasu wakilan gwamnati masu ruwa da tsaki a wannan gwamnati mai ci, irin su Kwamishinan Tsaro da Harkokin Cikin Gida da Shugaban Kwamitin Tsaro na Jihar Zamfara da Sakataren ‘Yan Sa Kai a shekarar, 2019. Bayan haka, an duba hanyoyi da tsare-tsaren da aka tanada wajen samar da maslaha ga dukkanin matsalolin da ke faruwa.

Matashiya

Hukuma: Jama’a ce ko mutane ne da ke kula da tsarin tafiyar da mulki ko jagorancin ƙasa tafarkin da aka tsara ko turban da aka kafa ƙasar domin kiyayewa da tafiyar da dokokin tsarin mulkin da aka kafa, aka amince da bin su a ƙasar. Wannan ya sa Bahaushe ke cewa, “Hukuma sai lallashi,” saboda ita hukuma na zartar da hukunci ne ga duk wanda ya taka doka ko wane ne shi a cikin ƙasa wanda ya yi daidai da irin laifin da mutum ya aikata. Idan aka kiyaye doka sai a zauna lafiya. Bunza (2015).

Tsaro: Wannan hanya ce da ake bi domin kulawa da ƙasa da dukiyarta da mutanen da ke cikin ƙasar, saboda gujewa ɓarna da cin mutuncin al’umma. Tsaron ƙasa mutane ke yin sa, rashin tsaro daga ayyuka da halayen mutane yake. Bahaushe na da tsarin tsaro cikin tsarin sarautarsa ta gargajiya inda yake tafiyar da al’amuransa cikin sauƙi tattare da hukunci mai kyau Shehu (2018).

Da tafiya ta yi tafiya, sai darajar sarautun gargajiya ya fara dusashewa, ginshiƙin tsarin kula da gudanarwa ya yi baya, sai aka dasa wayewar ci gaban mai gina rijiya, abubuwan da suka jawo hakan sun wanzar da rashin tsaro na har abada akwai:

i)        Mulkin mallaka

ii)      Siyasa

iii)    Boko

iv)    Kutsen baƙin al’adu

Su suka fara wargaza sarakunanmu na gargajiya da naɗa irin nasu masu biyayya ga al’adunsu. Tuɓe Sarki da naɗa shi ya zama wasan yara. Kashe Sarki da tura shi gudun hijira ya zama ruwan dare. Miyagun ɗabi’unsu na shaye-shaye da suturar tsiraici da sauran munanan abubuwa waɗanda ba a san Bahaushe ko al’ummar Hausawa da su ba ya zama sun karɓe su sun yi katutu a rayuwarsu ta yau da kullum. Bunza (2018).

Gudummuwar Hukuma kan Tsaro

Hukumar jihar Zamfara (gwamnati) ta yi ruwa ta yi tsaki don kawo ƙarshen matsalolin da ke addaban jihar na ta’addanci iri daban-daban na siyasa da rikicin makiyaya da manoma da satar mutane da garkuwa da su da saka masu kuɗin fansa, ga masifar fyaɗen yara maza da mata sun zama ruwan dare, ga tsaface-tsaface na burin tara abin duniya da mallakarta. A tarihin duniyar mutane, babu ƙasar da za ta samu kanta cikiin ire-iren waɗannan matsaloli face sai ta durƙushe. Shawo kan irin waɗannan matsaloli sai an yi da gaske matuƙa. Atuwo (2009) da Bunza (2018).

Haka ya sa hukuma (gwamnati) ta jihar Zamfara ta kawo ɗauki na gaggawa domin shawo kan matsalolin ta hanyoyi kamar haka:

1.       Naɗa Kwamishinan Tsaro da Kula da Harkokin Cikin Gida

2.       Naɗa Kwamitin Kulawa da Harkar Tsaro.

3.       Samar da isassun jami’an tsaro tare da makamai.

4.       Samar da kuɗaɗe domin gudanar da harkar tsaro.

5.       Samar da ayyuka ga matasa.

6.       Samar da guraben karatu ga matasa.

7.       Samar da hanyar sulhu tsakanin gwamnati da ‘yan ta’adda da kuma masu garkuwa da mutane.

8.       Samar da hanyoyin tattaunawa da sarakuna iyayen ƙasa masu jagorantar al’umma, don samun mafita.

9.       Sa ido da hana haƙar ma’adanai a ƙasar.

Duk waɗannan gwamnati ta samar da su ne domin samun mafita game da yanayin da ake ciki; don samar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa. Abubakar (2020).

Mulki da Tsaro

Masana sun yi magana dangane da yadda tsarin mulki ke wanzuwa a tsakanin al’umma kamar inda Acemoglu da Wasu (2013) suka ce: Mulki, abu ne da ke son kulawa da zartar da gaskiya wajen gudanar da shi a kan waɗanda ake mulka don samun yin adalci a tsakani. Haka kuma, mulki ba zai tafi ba shi kaɗai sai da tsaro da kiyaye abubuwan da suke kai-komo a cikin al’ummar da ake mulka, saboda gujewa taɓarɓarewar rayuwa irin na halaye kamar haka:

i)        Yawaitar cin hanci da rashawa.

ii)      Bazuwar kangararrun yara a ko’ina.

iii)    Ta’addanci da sauran laifuka.

iv)    Shaye-shaye ga matasa.

v)      Rashin shugabanni nagari.

Doka a Kadadar Adabi da Al’ada

Doka da hukunci suna tafiya ne a tare don cim ma manufa, ba abin da za a saka wa mutane kai tsaye da rana tsaka ba ne, ana tanadin shi ne tuntuni kafin a sami matsala. Cikin adabi da al’adun al’umma za a tsinci dokoki da ke tattare da rayuwarsu. Haka kuma, za a dinga kiyayewa da su da huruminta har a tarbiyantu da tsarin dokokin. Aminu (2014) da Muri (2003).

Daga cikin nason da doka ke yi a adabi akwai karuruwan maganar da ke nuna matsayin hakan a al’adance irin su:

i)        Bin na gaba, bin Allah.

ii)      Kowa ya yi da kyau, zai ga da kyau.

iii)    Mai dokar barci, ya ɓuge da gyangyaɗi.

iv)    Doka daga gida take farawa.

v)      A bi doka, a zauna lafiya.

Bin doka da kiyaye ta, ya yi tasiri a kan tarbiyyar Bahaushe sosai, saboda tsarin mulkin sarakuna na gargajiya da tun fil-azal Bahaushe yake da su a rayuwarsa na shugabanci, tun daga gida akwai daraja iyaye da bin dokokin da suka gindaya wa kowa a cikin gida. Haka kuma, ga masu unguwanni a ƙauyuka da dagatan kowane yanki da kuma sarakuna a duk ƙasashen Hausa.

Duk abubuwan da aka tsara game da tsarin rayuwar mutane, haka za a bi a kiyaye su domin a cim ma nasara.

Sakamakon Bincike

Binciken wannan takarda game da “Matakin Hukuma Wajen Kula da Tabbatar da Tsaro a Jihar Zamfara.” An auna irin rayuwar da hukuma (gwamnati) ta taka wajen tabbatar da tsaro ga ƙasa da bunƙasarta. Binciken ya tabbatar da cewa matsalar tsaro ta kowa da kowa ce, domin tsaro ya shafi duk wanda ke farfajiyar da ƙasa ta kafa tutarta. A binciken da aka gudanar an gano abubuwa kamar haka:

i)        Ƙarfin iko da amfani da muƙami duk ba su isa su tabbatar da tsaro ba, sai an yi amfani da tsarin al’adun mutanen da aka tanada wa tsaro saboda sun fi tasiri a gare su da gina tabbataccen tsaro a zamantakewarsu.

ii)      Gina tarbiyya da tsaro don bin dokoki da aka tsara a zukatan mutane a ko’ina wanda ke da alaƙa da al’adunsu zai taimaka.

iii)    Nagartaccen tsari, ba da ƙarfin bindiga ake samar da shi ba, ana amfani da hanyar cusa wa ‘yan ƙasa kishin bin dokar ƙasar ne a zukatansu da wakilan tsaronsu.

iv)    Taɓarɓarewar shugabanci a zukatan shugabanninmu da handama da babakere a kujeran mulki, sai “mutu ka raba” ya haifar da rashin tsaro.

v)      Rashin kishi da ko-in-kula da al’adunmu da ɗabi’unmu da adabinmu ya haifar da matsaloli na rashin tsaro a tsarinmu.

Naɗewa

Tunanin Bahaushe a kan tsaro da tanadinsa, hanya ce da za a yi amfani da tsarin dokoki wanda ya ƙunshi tsaro, ta yadda za a cusa a zukatan yara da matasa cikin adabi da wasannin gargajiya a harkokin mu’amala da juna kodayaushe. Bahaushe na cewa hannu ɗaya ba ya ɗaukar jinka, don haka sai duk an taru wajen bayar da goyon baya game da kula da tabbatar da tsaro a ƙasa baki ɗaya.Gwamnati jihar Zamfara ta tashi tsaye wajen samar da zaman lafiya ga al'uma. Kamar inda Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun ya ce a waƙarsa kamar haka:

Kowag gyara ya sani.

Kwaɓ ɓata ya sani.

Daɗai mutum ba ya son.

Mai yi mai jarfa.

Manazarta

1.       Acemoglu, D. and Jame, A.R (2013) Why Nations Fail the Origins of Power, Property and Poverty. London: Profile Books Ltd.

2.       Aminu, N. (2014) “Culture in the Administration of Peace: Hausa Marriage Under Review. Paper Presented at the International Conference on Social Behaviour and Conflict management, Ghana.” University of Café Coast.

3.       Atuwo, A.A. (2009) “Ta’addanci A Idon Bahaushe: Yaɗuwarsa da Tasirinsa A Wasu Ƙagaggun Labaran Hausa.” Kundin Digiri na uku, Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usman Ɗanfodiyo.

4.       Bunza, A.M (2015) “Labarin Zuciya A Tambayi Fuska: Saƙon Dariya ga Sasanta Tsaro A Farfajiyar Karatun Hausa.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Sashen Hausa, Makarantar Harsuna, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Adamu Augie, Arugungu.

5.       Bunza, A.M (2015) “Zaman Lafiya da Tsaro a Daular Musulunci ta Sakkwato Abin Koyi ga Shugabannin Zamaninmu.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Taron Yini Ɗaya da Centre for Intellectual Services on Sokoto Caliphate ta Shirya, Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usman Ɗanfodiyo.

6.       Bunza, A.M. (2015) “Zaman Lafiya ya fi Zama ɗan Sarki: Tunkarar Zaɓen 2015 a Nijeriya.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Taron Kyautata Zaman Lafiya a Zaɓen da aka Gudanar 2015 wanda Orphans of Huffaz Educational Foundation Birnin Kebi Suka shirya.           

7.       Bunza, A.M (2018) “Kunya Ginshiƙin Tsaron Ƙasa da Bunƙasarta.” Takardar da aka Gabatar a Ƙarƙashin Tarayyar Haɗaɗɗiyar Ƙungiyar Ɗalibai ‘Yan Jihar Zamfara a Ƙarƙashin Jagorancin Kwamishinan Ilimi na Jihar Zamfara.

8.       Muri, A.M. (2003) “The Defence Policy of the Sokoto Caliphate 1804 – 1908, Ph.D. Thesis, Sokoto: Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University.”

9.       Shehu M. (2018) “Zaman Lafiya ya fi Zama Ɗan Sarki: Tunanin Bahaushe a kan Zaman Lafiya da Sasantawa.” Kundin Digiri na uku, Sakkwato: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2022.v01i01.020 

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