Mutanen da ke magana da “Hausa” a matsayin harshen
gado uwa da uba, kaka da kakanni su ne ‘Hausawa’.
Samun tussan asalinsu na tun fil azal a garuruwan da Hausawa suka kafa, wata
hujja ce ta zama Bahaushe. “Bahaushe” tilo ne na mai magana da Hausa a matsayin
harshen gado, “Hausawa” jam’i ne na “Bahaushe”. A binciken magabatanmu,
‘Bahaushe’ shi ne:
HAUSA DA HAUSAWA
A DUNIYAR КARNI NA ASHIRIN DA ƊAYA
(AMSA KIRAN MAJALISAR ƊINKIN DUNIYA
(UN) GA RANAR HAUSA TA DUNIYA – LITININ 26 OGUSTA, 2019)
Aliyu Muhammadu Bunza,
Tsangayar Fasaha da Ilmi,
Sashen Harsuna da Al’adu,
Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau
Gabatarwa
Tunanin Majalisar
Ɗinkin Duniya na keɓe ranar Litinin ta kasance ranar Hausa ta duniya wani kukan
kurciya ne domin sai mai hankali ke ganen kwanan makaho. Ga dukkanin zatona,
cikin duniyar baƙar fata, Hausa ce ta farko da samun wannan damar. Idan
tunanina ya yi canjaras da haƙiƙa, wannan bikin ya fi ƙarfin jami’o’inmu da
masarautunmu da jihohinmu; dole ƙasarmu a buɗe hannuwa biyu ta ƙarɓi nasarar da
Allah Ya ba ta. Idan wata al’umma da ke cikin ƙasa aka ce ta ci gaba, to ƙasa
ce gaba ɗaya ta ci gaba da dukkanin al’ummomin da ke cikinta. Ko mu fito mu yi
magana, ko mu yi shiru da bakinmu, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta tabbata wa duniya
cewa:
Jagora: Ɗan bajini shi ka zama bajini
Yara: Yai bobaki yai tozo
:Ɗan akuya na kallo
Gindi: Na riƙa ka da girma Abdu ƙanen mai
daga
:Kanda mu san kowa kai munka
sani Sardauna.
(Narambaɗa)
Кunshiyar Ranar Hausa Ta Duniya
Bayanin da na
karanta a kan intanet na shafin Nigerian
Mass Communication Student Association in Sudan cewa wannan shi ne karo na
biyar (5) da za a gabatar da ranar Litinin 26 ga Ogusta, 2019.[1]
Ban san abubuwan da suka gabata a karo na 1 – 4 ba, amma na ga taken shi ne:
“Ranar Hausa ta Duniya”. A nawa tunani, babu Hausa in ba Hausawa, kuma babu
shakka sai da Hausawa, Hausa ke tabbata. Ga alama, wuraren da harshen Hausa ya
kai a duniya dugadugan Bahaushe ba su taɓa taka su ba bale idanunsa su leƙa su.
A nawa gani, ƙunshiyar Ranar Hausa
bai keɓanta ga harshen Hausa kawai a matsayin makamin sadarwa ba, ya haɗa da
adabi da al’adun Bahaushe da suka agaza wa harshen ya tsayu da ƙafafunsa. Na
yarda da tunanin (UN) na bai wa harshen muhimmanci, amma mun san harshe ba ya
tsira ya yi yaɗo sai da masu magana da shi, domin Narambaɗa ya ce:
Jagora: Shigafa in babu azara
:Kuma babu ginshiƙi
Yara: Ai ka san sai ta tuɗe
:Mi aƙ ƙarhin shigifar ba su
ba?
Gindi: Na riƙa ka da girma Abdu ƙanen mai
daga
:Kanda mu san kowa kai munka
sani Sardauna.
Mece Ce Hausa?
Hausa ita ce ta
samu dacewa da samun rana ta musamman bisa ga tunanin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.
Kalmar ‘Hausa’ takan ɗauki ma’anoni masu ma’ana bisa ga nagartattun hujjoji
kamar haka:
1.
Takan
ɗauki ma’anar: harshe da ake magana da
shi, wanda a kansa muke biki a yau. Sunan harshe ba ya da wata ma’ana ta
biyu face harshen da yake waƙilta kamar a ce, Larabci, Ingilishi, Jamusanci,
Zarma, Fulfulde, da sauransu.[2]
2.
A
fassara ta biyu, Hausa na ɗaukar ma’anar: fasaha
da basira da zalaƙa da wayo.idan aka ga mutum na kwaɓa shirme cikin magana
ko a wani aiki yana baubawan burmi, sai a ce, ba ya da Hausa, ko kamar ba
Bahaushe ba?[3]
3.
A
fassara ta uku, a siyasar kafuwar daulolin ƙasar Hausa gabanin zuwan Turawan
mulkin mallaka. Hausawan wancan lokaci da su da mawaƙansu in sun ce: Hausa, suna nufin dauloli ko wuraren da
Fulani ke mulki, amma ƙasar ba tasu ce (su Fulani) ta asali ba. A kan wannan
fahimta, Sakkwato, Zamfara, Gwandu da sauransu, duk Hausa ake kiransu. Mawaƙan
bakan Hausa da yawa sun tabbatar da wannan hasashe.[4]
4.
A
fashin baƙi na huɗu, Hausa na ɗaukar ma’anar: Кasa. A wannan mahangar, farfajiyar ƙasar da Hausawa suka sara, suke
mulki, suka mamaye ko suka ƙwace sunanta ‘Кasar
Hausa’ amma a taƙaita kiranta da sunan ‘Hausa’
kawai.[5]
5.
A
fashin baƙi na biyar, Hausawan ƙasar Kabbi da Sakkwato da Katsina da Zamfara
suna fassara ‘karin magana’ da ‘habaici’ da sunan ‘Hausa’. da yawa akan yi habaici a tsokani wani ko wata ko wasu,
idan fitinar ta taso aka nemi mafari sai a ce, “Hausa aka yi musu” suka ba hamuta iska.[6]
6.
A
fashin baƙi na shida, a wajen Bahaushe, kowane harshe/yare na duniya sunansa ‘Hausa’. Idan Bahaushe ya yi magana da
wani mai wani harshe ba Hausa ba, kuma mutumin da ake zance da shi bai ji Hausa
ba, Bahaushe zai ce: “Ba ya jin Hausa”.
Idan shi mutumin ya mayar da bayani da harshensa na gado, Bahaushe zai ce: “Ban ji Hausarsa ba, wace irin hausa yake yi”? ga su nan dai.[7]
7.
A
fassara ta bakwai, magabata na cewa garuruwan asali na Hausawa waɗanda Hausawa
suka sara da kansu, ba waɗanda suka mamaye ko suka ƙwato ba, ko aka ba su bisa
wata yarjejeniya ta yaƙi ko siyasa, su ne ake kira ‘Hausa’. Irin wannan garin sunansa Hausa, mutanen da ke cikin
sunansu Hausa, ƙasar da garuruwan ke mulki sunansu Hausa.[8]
Idan muka Harari
hasashe-hasashen Bahaushe da kansa a kan tabbacin mece ce ‘Hausa’? Za mu ce:
Hausa kalma ce mai fassara sunan harshen
da Hausawa ke magana da shi, ita ce sunan harshen daga harshensu kuma ‘yar
asalin harshensu ce ba aro ta aka yi a kowane harshe ba. Hausawa ke da abinsu,
kuma da abinsu aka gan su. A fashin baƙinta, ita ce harshen, ita ce ƙasar, ita
ce mutanen da suka kafa ƙasar, kuma ita ce wurin da suka yi rinjaye ko da an
rinjaye su da siyasar sarauta.
Wane Ne Bahaushe?
Mutanen da ke
magana da “Hausa” a matsayin harshen gado uwa da uba, kaka da kakanni su ne ‘Hausawa’. Samun tussan asalinsu na tun
fil azal a garuruwan da Hausawa suka kafa, wata hujja ce ta zama Bahaushe.
“Bahaushe” tilo ne na mai magana da Hausa a matsayin harshen gado, “Hausawa”
jam’i ne na “Bahaushe”. A binciken magabatanmu, ‘Bahaushe’ shi ne:[9]
i.
Wanda
ke bugun gaba da zama Bahaushe
ii.
Ba
ya da wani harshe da al’ada sai ta Hausa
iii.
Samun
tabbacin iyayensa da kakanninsa Hausawa
iv.
Yana
da dangantaka daga cikin karuruwan harshen Hausa[10]
v.
Wata
babbar alama ita ce ta tsagar fuska daga cikin tsage-tsagen fuskar Hausawa na
zuriya.
A taƙaice,
Bahaushe shi ne:
Mutumin da ba ya da wani harshe na asali
kaka da kakanni sai Hausa. Yana danganta kansa da Hausa a koyaushe, kuma ba ya
da wata al’ada saɓanin al’adun Hausawa. Kasancewarsa mai tushe daga cikin
tussan harshen Hausa kamar a kira shi Bakano, Bakatsine, Bagobiri, Ba’are,
Bakabe, Bagimbane, wani cikon sunna ne, makaho da waiwaya. Ba tilsa ya kasance
da wata aska a fuska ba, amma samunta wata hujja ce, ta a ji Bahaushe, a ga
Bahaushe, a san Bahaushe ya yi Bahaushe.
Ina Ne Кasar Hausa?
Bisa ga al’adar
tarihin zamantakewar al’umma a doron ƙasa, duk al’ummar da ba ta da ƙasa, da
ita da tarihi ‘babu kare bin damo’.
Haka kuma, komai ƙanƙantar al’umma da rikiɗewarta cikin wata da rashin gatanta,
matuƙar tana da ƙasar da ake dangantata da ita, tarihi ba ya da hujjar nuninta
da hannun hagu. Bahaushe yana da ƙasa mai suna ‘Кasar Hausa’. Kowace al’umma ta zo, nan ta tarar da su da sunansu.
Кasar Hausa babbar farfajiya ce mai dauloli manya-manya zagaye da manyan
tsofaffin dauloli maƙwabta irin su Daular Nupe da Daular Songhai da Daular
Borno da Daular Oyo da Daular Azbin. Jigajigai daga cikin daulolin ƙasar Hausa
su ne:[11]
1.
Daular
Kano
2.
Daular
Katsina
3.
Daular
Zazzau
4.
Daular
Kabi
5.
Daular
Gobir
6.
Daular
Maraɗi
7.
Daular
Damagaram
8.
Daular
Zamfara
Waɗannan daulolin
da gundumomin da garuruwa da ƙasashen da ke ƙarƙashin riƙonsu su ne ƙasar
Hausa, kuma a nan ne ƙasar Bahaushe take. Mutanen da ke ciki su ne Hausawa,
wanda ya baƙunce su ya rikiɗe a cikinsu ya zama Bahaushe.[12]
Hausa A Ma’aunin Harsunan Duniya
Harshen Hausa a
siyasar harsunan duniya ba ɗan ƙyalle ba ne. A tunanin na bayan fage, zai yi
zaton harshen Hausa a Nijeriya kawai yake faɗi da liwasa. A ƙididdigar harsuna
duniya, ra’ayoyin masana ya yi harshen damo. A binciken wasu masana, harsunan
duniya sun kai dubu bakwai (7000). A wani bincike na baya ya nuna dubu shida da
ɗari biyar (6500) ne. Daga cikin harsuna duniya (6500), an ce, kimanin harsuna
dubu biyu (2000) masu magana da su bu zarce mutum dubu (1000) ba. Ga alama dai,
suna cikin wani mawuyacin hali na masassara, suna gab da ce muna ‘ga garinku’. A sakamakon wannan bincike
za mu ce, a duniyar mutanen ƙarninmu, harsuna dubu huɗu da ɗari biyar (4500) ke
tsaye da ƙafafunsu ƙyamau kamar iccen marke. Bugu da ƙari, mafi yawan waɗannan
harsuna daga Afirka suke.
Harshen da ke
limancin harsunan duniya bisa ga yawan jama’a masu magana da shi, shi ne
harshen Mandarin (Chinese) na ƙasar Sin (China).[13]
A ƙididdigar harsunan duniya na shekara 2018, harshen Hausa shi ne harshe na
goma sha ɗaya (11) ga yawan jama’ar da ke magana da shi a duniyar mutane ta
ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya. A Nijeriya, muna da harsuna ɗari biyar da ashirin
(520) da ke rubuce a hukumance. Daga cikin ɗari biyar da ashirin (520) an ce
tara (9) sun riga mu gidan gaskiya, suka rage ɗari biyar da goma sha ɗaya
(511). A wani bincike na yanar gizo na shekarar 2019, an tabbatar da harsuna ɗari
uku da saba’in da uku (373) ne a Nijeriya. Ta kowace fuska dai aka kalli adadin
harsunan ƙasarmu, a ce harshenmu “Hausa” shi aka fara keɓe wa ranarsa ta
musamman, dole mu ji daɗin girmamawa da ɗaukakar da Allah Ya yi wa harshenmu na
kakanin kakanninmu.
Idan aka sa
natsuwa sosai, baiwar da Allah Ya yi wa harshen Hausa a duniya da gida Nijeriya
babu siyasa a ciki na haƙiƙa ne. Idan muka ɗora ƙasarmu Nijeriya bisa ga faifan
nazari, za mu ga muna da jihohi talatin da shida (36) da kuma babban birnin
tarayya Abuja. Muna da ƙananan hukumomi ɗari bakwai da saba’in da huɗu (774).
Daga cikin harsunan ƙasa na ‘yan ƙasa (511) ko (373) an zaɓi goma sha uku (13)
a matsayin manyan harsunan gida. Waɗanda suka haɗa da:[14]
1.
Yoruba
Southwest
2.
Hausa
North
3.
Igbo
Southeast
4.
Itsekiri Niger Delta
5.
Urhobo Niger Delta
6.
Ijaw Niger Delta
7.
Ibibio Niger Delta
8.
Tiv Middle-belt
9.
Nupe Middle-belt
10. Kanuri North
11. Efik South-south
12. Edo South-south
13. Fulani North
Tattare da
kasancewar waɗannan harsunan zakaru daga cikin harsunan cikin gida, ya kamata a
san cewa harsunanmu sun fi ƙabilunmu yawa.[15]
Muna da ƙabilu ɗari biyu da hamsi (250), amma harsuna (511 ko 373). Mafi yawn
harsunanmu na Nijeriya ba su wauce jihohin da suke ba, ko gundumominsu. Harsuna
goma sha biyu (12) ne kawai suka barbazu fiye da jihohi uku (3) na ƙasa. Daga
cikinsu harsuna biyu (2) suka mamaye fiye da jihohi goma (10). Harsuna uku (3)
suka mamaye fiye da jihohi bakwai (7). Harsuna biyar (5) suka mamaye fiye da
jihohi uku (3). Ga ɗan jadawalin da na tsara don a ƙara tantancewa:
a.
Fulfulde: 1.Adamawa 2.Bauchi 3.Borno
4.Jigawa 5.Kaduna 6.Kano
7.Katsina 8.Kebbi 9.Niger
10.Gombe 11.Sokoto 12.Taraba
13.Yobe
b.
Hausa: 1.Bauchi 2.Borno 3.Jigawa
4.Kaduna 5.Kano 6.Katsina
7.Kebbi
8.Niger 9.Taraba 10.Sokoto 11.Zamfara
c.
Kanuri: 1.Adamawa 2.Borno 3.Kaduna
4.Kano 5.Jigawa 6.Niger
7.Plateau 8.Taraba 9.Yobe
d.
Yoruba: 1.Kwara 2.Oyo 3.Osun
4.Ogun 5.Ondo 6.Lagos 7.Ekiti 8.Kogi
e.
Gwari: 1.Kaduna 2.Niger 3.Abuja
4.Nasarawa
f.
Jukun: 1.Bauchi 2.Benue 3.Taraba
4.Plateau
g.
Kurama: 1.Jigawa 2.Kaduna 3.Niger
4.Plateau
h.
Izonjo: 1.Bayelsa 2.Delta 3.Ondo
4.Rivers
i.
Tiv: 1.Benue 2.Plateau 3.Taraba
4.Nasarawa
j.
Uncida: 1.Kaduna 2.Kebbi 3.Niger
4.Sokoto
Ban san da wace
hujja Jami’ar Legas ta saka Yoruba na farko a jadawalin manyan harsunan
Nijeriya ba, a tambaye su.[16]
Su ma masu wannan jadawalin na Makarantar Inganta Hausa daga Imam Abdulƙadir
Isa Ahmad, wanda Aliyu Ahmad ya gabatar, ban san dalilinsu na saka Fulfulde na ɗaya
ba da ba shi jihohi goma sha uku (13).[17]
Binciken da ƙwararru suka yi a shekarar 2018 da ƙarfafa shi da UN ta yi na
sanya yau Litinin 26 ga Ogusta, 2019 a matsayin ranar Hausa ya zama raba
gardama. A taƙaice, Afrika ke da mafi yawa daga cikin harsunan duniya. A
Afirka, Nijeriya ta fi kowace ƙasa harsunan gida masu yawa. A cikin Nijeriya,
harshen Hausa ya zarce sauran harsuna ga yawan masu magana da shi, da
farfajiyar ƙasar shimfiɗa siyasar zamantakewa, da sauƙin fahimta ga wanda ba ɗan
gado ba.
Yaɗuwar Hausa Wajen Кasar Hausa
Na tabbata daga
cikin abubuwan da suka jawo hankalin (UN) ta girmama harshen Hausa, ba zai rasa
alaƙa da yaɗuwar da harshen ya yi ba a duniya fiye da yaɗuwar masu harshen.
Daga cikin dalilan da ya sa harshen Hausa da Hausawa suka mamaye duniya fiye da
sauran harsuna su ne:
1.
Tsarin
tattalin arzikin Bahaushe na fatauci
2.
Neman
ilimin addini da yaɗa shi
3.
Yaƙe-yaƙen
ƙasar Hausa da gewaye
4.
Harantacciyar
sana’ar cinikin bayi
5.
Koyon
sana’a da koyar da sana’o’in hannu
6.
Neman
suna ɗaukaka suna
7.
Кaurace-ƙauracen
kare mutunci
8.
Faɗuwar
manyan dauloli ga masu jihadin ƙarni na goma sha tara
9.
Mulkin
mallaka da tsangwamarsa
10. Mulkin kama karya na masu sarauta
11. Annoba
12. Musibun ambaliya da fari da yunwa
13. Mutuwar ƙasar noma da ƙarewar namun daji
14. Bayyanar boko da ɓullowar aikin soje da ɗansanda
15. Aikin Hajji
16. Hijira da tunanin bayyanar Mahdi
17. Yawon dandi
18. Ɗaukar fansa
19. Maita, sata, shige ko kushili da kisan kai
20. Korar doka da gudun doka
Da za a yi fashin
baƙin kowane daga cikin waɗannan dalilai ashirin (20), ba ƙaramin littafi za a
rubuta ba.[18] Abin
sani shi ne, bisa ga waɗansu daga cikin waɗannan dalilai Hausawa sun yi tasiri
a ƙasashe da dama kamar Nijar da Benin da Togo da Gabon da Ghana da Saliyo da
Borkina da Mali da Sudan da Masar da Libiya da Morocco da Tunis da Eretria da
Indiya da Isra’ila da Saudi Arebiya da CAR da ƙasashen Turai da Asiya.[19]
Gudunmuwar Hausa Ga Duniyar Кarninmu
A wayayyiyar
duniyar zamaninmu, kimiyya ta mayar da duniyar mutane ɗaki ɗaya wanda duk aka
bari a baya an gama da shi. Harshen Hausa ya ci nasarar shiga gwagwarmayar
manyan harsuna ya dafi kafaɗarsu ya miƙe tsaye aka kasa kere shi. Daga cikin
abubuwan da harshe ke buƙata ya sa zare da kowane harshe na duniya a fagen
gwagwarmaya akwai:[20]
1.
Yawan
masu magana da shi da yawa
2.
Samar
da daula ko ƙasa nagartatta da sunanasa
3.
Samun
salon rubutu amintacce
4.
Amfani
da shi a matsayin harshen koyar da ilmi
5.
Sama
masa kayan aiki na rubutu da karatu ta hanyar ƙirƙira da fassara da
makamantansu
6.
Fito
da wasu dabarun yin farfaganda da shi a kafafen sadarwa da yaɗa labarai da
makamantansu
7.
Кoƙartawa
ya zama harshen ƙasar da ya kafa daula, ya tashi daga harshen mu’amala ya koma
harshen ƙasa a hukumance.
Gudunmuwar da
harshen Hausa ya bayar a nan ba ƙarama ba ce. Harshen Hausa ya cika dukkanin
sharuɗa shida (6) da ake buƙata, saura ɗaya tak! Ko shi kuwa matuƙar gora na
yawo kai na yawo haɗuwa ake yi. Harshen Hausa ya ci nasarar ba da gudunmuwarsa
ga duniyar zamaninsa ta fuskar:
1.
Mamaye
fitattun kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasashen duniya da ke riƙe da duniya suna yawo
da akalarta. Daga cikinsu akwai: BBC da VOA da RFI da Muryar Jamus da China da
Moscow da sauransu.
2.
Shiga
duniyar yanar gizo (intanet) da kafafen sadarwa na sada zumunta da zamani.
3.
Jaridu
da mujallu da sauran hanyoyin sanin duniya da abin da take ciki, cikin ƙanƙanin
lokaci a san duniya, duniya ta san da masu yi mata hidima.
4.
Yanzu
maganar da muke ciki, Hausa tana da kafafen yaɗa labarai na gidahen rediyo da
duniya fiye da 445 (Garba, 2018:152) da jaridu da mujallu fiye da 150 (Bunza).
Babu wai, babu wani harshe na Afirka da ke
da irin wannan martaba ko cikin manyan harsunan duniya, sai waɗanda suka yi
mulkin mallka suka tilasta harshen nasu ga ‘yan ƙasa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da
aka gino cewa Hausa ita ce ta 12 daga cikin harsunan duniya 7000 ko 6500.
Salon Rubutu
A fagen kokuwar
harsuna babu harshen da za a yi takensa ya miƙe ya yi kirari in ba ya da rubutu
nagartacce. Harshen Hausa tun fil azal yana da rubutunsa na asali, amma ya
salwanta . Saduwar Bahaushe da Larabawa, Bahaushe ya ƙirƙiro rubutun ajami. Da
Turawan Ingilishi suka zo, duk da yake ya ƙi su, ya ƙi ba da kai bori ya hau,
amma ya tsamo abin da zai amfane shi daga gare su, domin ya ƙirƙiro da rubutun boko
daga abajadan Romawa. Ke nan, Hausa tana da salon rubutu biyu, Ajami da Boko,
kuma duk an yi amfani da su wajen sadarwa, ilimi, adana tarihi, bincike da
ayyukan hukuma. Tuni Hausa a tsaye UN ta tarar da ita, duk wata kara da aka yi
mata yanzu, ƙara wa Borno dawaki ne.[21]
Waiwaye Adon Tafiya
A yau 26 ga
Ogusta, 2019 duk wani abu da harshe ke buƙata a ce ya bunƙasa, ya cancanci ya
ci gashin kansa a duniyar ilimi, harshen Hausa na da su fiye da wasu da ake ce
wa, wai, harsuna manya. A dubi wannan ɗan waiwaye da kyau:
1.
Yau
Jami’o’in da ke ba da digirin Hausa (BA, da MA da babban digirin PhD) a duniya
sun zarce ɗari (100).
2.
Shehunan
masanan da Hausa take da su a fannonin nazarin Hausa daban-daban a duniya sun
fi ɗari (100).
3.
Masu
manyan takardun shaidar digirin BA, PGDip, MA, MPhil, PhD a fannin Hausa a
Nijeriya muna kyautata zatun sun haura dubu biyar (5000). Idan aka haɗe da
digirorin da ake bayarwa na BA (Ed) da MA (Ed) a Hausa, za su haura dubu goma
(10,000).
4.
A
wannan shekara ta 2019, Hausa ta ci fiye da ƙarni ɗaya, shekara ɗari (100) ana
fafatawa da ita a karatun boko, kowace shekara gaba ake ci ba baya ba. To! A
wajenmu ɗalibai, muna ganin lokaci ya yi na a dasa ranar da za a daina koyar da
‘ya’yanmu da harshen da ba namu ba. In babu ƙira me ya ci gawayi?
Da Rashin Kira Karen Bebe Kan Ɓata
Idan muka Harari
ƙalubalen da muke fuskanta kan harshenmu, za mu fahimci har yanzu da sauran
rina a kaba. Lallai tururin hayaƙin mulkin mallaka na nan cikin ƙwaƙwalwar
takkwalai daga cikin ‘yan bokonmu masu ganin cewa, dole a bar Ingilishi ya yi
zaman mannanu ‘ƙuda ya faɗa alewa’ a
sha’anin gudanar da iliminmu. Dubi wannan abin mamaki da idon basira:
·
Ɗan
siyasa ya yi wa mutum kamfen cikin harshensa. Ya yi alƙawula da jama’arsa cikin
harshensu. A yi zaɓe, a tabka maguɗi cikin harshensu. Ya je Majalisa da shi, da
gwamna, da ‘yan majalisa kowa na jin harshen, amma a gudanar da tattaunawa da
muhawarori na ayyukan da za a yi wa waɗanda suka kaɗa ƙuri’a aka ci zaɓe cikin
Ingilishi. Idan wakilin da aka zaɓa Turancinsa bai ji gishiri ba dole ya rufe
baki, an yi aikin banza. Idan ya ji Ingilishi sosai duk gudunmuwar da ya bayar
waɗanda suka kaɗa masa ƙuri’a ba su ji shi ba. Ina fa’ida, sarki kurma talakawa
masu ji, ko talakawa kurame sarki bebe.
·
Sau
nawa ake gudanar da darusa a Jami’a da manyan makarantu, da malamin da ɗaliban
kowa bai gane inda aka dosa ba? Malami ya karanto ya yi shifta, ɗalibai sun
hardace matani ba tare da sanin ma’ana ba, har a kammala digiri ɗalibi bai san
ma’anar sunan darasin da ya karɓi digiri a kansa ba.
·
Hasarar
da Ingilishi ya kawo muna ta fi ta yaƙin basasa da muka yi. Mai tababa ya je
asibitocinmu da makarantunmu da ma’aikatun shari’o’inmu da tsaronmu zai
tabbatar da ba a yi komai ba, an raki baƙo ya dawo.
·
Kaico!
Da ɗansanda da mai ƙara da wanda ake ƙara da mai gabatar da shari’a gaban
alƙali babu wanda ya ƙoshi da Turanci kuma an sa alƙali tsaka ana shari’a cikin
Ingilishi. Anya! Shari’a ce ko dai ɗirkaniya ‘mota cikin randa’. Mai laifi bai san kan me aka yanke masa hukunci
ba, mai ƙara bai san dalilin da ya sa aka ba da beli ba. Da ƙarfi da yaji an
mayar da Turanci karatun Fatiha cikin ayyukan hukumarmu.
Waɗannan abubuwa
da muka manta da su, abin dubawa ne ga mai hankali. Ana murnar an raki baƙo,
sai ga baƙo ya dawo. Ina ba da shawarar cewa, a kula da:
1.
Кoƙarin
magabatanmu malamanmu a ci gaba da koyar da Hausa cikin Hausa.
2.
A
fara tunanin fassaro littattafan kimiyya cikin Hausa kuma a gaggauta fara
amfani da su. Jami’ar Bayero ta fara wannan ƙoƙari, a dage.
3.
A
yi tunanin samar da kayan aiki na kalmomin fannu na Hausa yadda koyar da kowane
ilimi cikin harshen Hausa ba zai buwayi kowane Bahaushe ba.
4.
A
tilasta karatun Hausa ga kowane yaro a firamare da makarantun sakandare.
5.
A
mai da cin Hausa a jarabawowin WAEC da NECO da JAMB dole ga duk ɗan sakandare.
Ya kasance sai da ita za a ci gaba da karatu a jami’a da manyan makarantu.
Hausa A Fagen Tsaro
Dole Bahaushe ya
yi mamakin duk wata ƙabila da za ta zarge shi da ta’addanci a Afirka. Harshen
Hausa wani gwarzon mayaƙi ne idan muka waiwayi irin rawar da adabinsa ya bayar
wajen kwantar da tarzoma da yayyafa wa fitina ruwa da hana wa ta’addanci zama a
zukatan matasa. Adabin Bahaushe ya tanado wasannin barkwanci tsakanin abokan
adawa da yaƙi. Duk ƙabilar da ta yi yaƙi da Bahaushe, Bahaushe ya ƙulla
wasannin barkwanci da ita domina share jini a koma wasa. A dubi wasannin da ke
tsakanin:
1.
Zagezagi
da Katsinawa
2.
Katsinawa
da Kabawa
3.
Kabawa
da Fulani
4.
Barebari
da Fulani
5.
Arawa
da Gimbanawa
6.
Sarkawa
da Mahauta[22]
7.
Malamai
da Bokaye
8.
Dogo
da Wada/gajeren mutum
9.
Jika
da Kaka
10. Masu Jakkai da Ruƙumi
Waƙe-waƙe da
karuruwan maganan Hausa wata babbar taska ce ta haramta wa fitina gindin zama a
ƙasarsa. Kar a yi sakaci, a yi amfani da damar da aka samu na bikin makon ranar
Hausa a ga yadda za a taimaka wa gwamnati ta kawar da ta’addanci da maido da
zaman lafiya a Arewa.
Sakamakon Nazari
1.
Taƙaddamar
wane ne Bahaushe, ina ne asalinsa ba mai ƙarewa ba ce, duk da haka, ya kamata a
yi masa zaman kansa a wuce wurin a huta.
2.
Harshen
Hausa na buƙatar ƙwararrun ma’aikata da kayan aiki nagari domin a koyar da shi
ya tafi kafaɗa da kafaɗa da manyan harsunan duniya.
3.
Bikin
ranar Hausa yana buƙatar wadataccen lokaci, tun da yake shekara-shekara ake
gudanar da shi, a riƙa sawo kowa ciki, a ba masu jawabi da gabatar da ƙasidu
wadataccen lokaci. A sa hukumomin jahohi da ta ƙasa a ciki, domin da wasu ke da
ranar ba mu ba da gwamnati za ta ɗauki nauyin komai da komai.
4.
Babu
makawa ga cigaban ƙasa face a ba ‘yan ƙasa ilmi cikin harshensu.
Naɗewa
Ina tunanin, shin
da harshen Hausa da Bahaushe, wa ya fi taimaka wa wani? Da masu harshen ba
mutanen kirki ba ne, da kowa ba ya sha’awar hulɗa da su. Kasancewarsu masu
nagarta da ƙwazo da kirki ya sa kowa na marmarin su da al’adunsu da harshensu.
Duk wata suka da wani zai kawo ga cigaban Hausa, musamman a kan galabar da take
samu ga sauran harsuna ‘yan ƙasa baƙin ciki ne kawai da hasada ta siyasar
harsuna. Yau Hausa ta cika burinta, babu wata haraka ta duniya da za a yi da
harsunan duniya ba a ambace ta ba. Wajibi ne ɗaliban Hausa da malamansu su yi
kishin harshensu, su yi bugun gaba da shi, su yi fito-na-fito da masu yi masa
kallon hadarin kaji. Duk wasu harsuna da aka ara wa sunan manyan harsuna sun san
da cewa Hausa ba kanwar lasa ba ce!
Rashin kasancewar Hausa harshen ƙasa a Nijeriya tattare da sanin cewa babu
harshen ƙasa da ke iya gwada tsawo da shi, ba wani abu ba ne illa makircin Turawan
Mulkin Mallaka tare da ‘yan barandarsu. Ga alama, nesa ta yi kusa, ɗaliban
Hausa, da malaman Hausa, da masu sha’awar Hausa ka da a damu da adawar masu
adawa, a sa ƙwazo, a sa himma, aski ya zo gaban goshi. Duk wani harshe da ‘yan
korensa suka zaburo a bar su su kawo. Mu ɗaliban Hausa muna miƙa saƙon harshen
Hausa ga sauran harsunan Nijeriya cewa:
Jagora: Ashe kura ko ta yi kwance
:Ko an yanke ba ta motsi
:Ɗan akuya bai ƙetararta
:Yana aza kura lahiya take
:Ba ya isa kusa ba ya yarda
Aradu!
(Gambo mai ɓarayi)
Manazarta
Abdulmalik, M.
1966. Zuwan Turawa Nijeriya ta Arewa.
Zaria: NNPC.
Adamu, M. 1978. The Hausa Factor in West African History.
Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, Press.
Adamu, M. 1982.
“The Hausa and the other Peoples of Northern Nigeria 1200 – 1600” in Okita, S.
L. O. (ed.) Studies in Nigerian Culture
Vol. 2, No. I. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, Press.
Amfani, A. H.
2016. “Hausa as an Emerging Official Language in Nigeria: Prospects and
Challenges”, paper presented at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Baba, A. T. 2016.
Distinction between Official Language, National Language and Lingua Franca”
paper presented at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
Bamgbose, A. 1991.
Language and the Nation. Edingburgh:
Edingburgh University Press.
Bunza, A. M. 2018.
“Karatun Hausa a Farfajiyar Karatun Boko”, cikin Wamba, et al (editors) Topical Issues un Language Studies.
Kontagora: Amaka Printing Press.
Bunza, A. M. 2018.
“Mathematical Heritage in Hausa Number System: (A Proposal for Teaching
Mathematics Using Nigerian Languages)” paper presented at University Seminar.
Gusau: Federal University Gusau.
Davies, C. 1982. Ethnic Jokes, Moral Values and Social
Boundaries. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Garba, S. A. 2018.
“Language Use in Hausa Radio: The Case Study of Programmes of some
International Hausa Radio Stations”, PhD thesis. Sokoto: Usmanu Danfodiyo
University.
Hair, P. E. 1994. Early Study of Nigerian Langauges Essays and
Bibliographies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Harrison, D. K.
2008. When Language Die? The Extiction of
the World’s Langauges and Erosion of Human Knowledge. USA: Oxford
University Press.
Hassan, U. 1973/6.
“Tarihin Rubuce-rubucen Hausa Tun Farkon Кarni Na Goma Sha Tara”, kundin
digirin BA. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.
Newman, P. 1991. “Century
and a Half of Hausa Studies”, in Studies
in Nigerian Languages, Literature and Culture. Kano: Bayero University.
Pawlak, N. 2002. Hausa Outside the Mother Tongue Area:
Plateau Variety. Dialog, Warszawa: Academic Publishing House.
Rodney, W. 2005. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Panaf
Publishing Inc. Abuja & Lagos.
Sa’ad, M. T. 2016.
“The Cultural Eccentricity of Hausa Settlement in Fulɓe Social Milient:
Humourous Behaviour of the Residents of Wuro-Hausa, Yola”, paper presented at
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
University of
Lagos, 2019. University of Lagos
Executive Diary.
Yahaya, I. Y.
2002. Hausa a Rubuce: Tarihin
Rubuce-rubuce cikin Hausa. Zaria: NNPC.
Yalwa, L. D. 2016.
“Position of Hausa as a National Language and Lingua Franca in West Africa”,
paper presented at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[1] A
ranar 20 ga Ogusta na samu irin wannan gayyata daga ɗaliban Nijeriya masu
karatu a Sudan ƙarƙashin jagorancin Nigerian Masscommunication Student
Association in Sudan, da Jami’ar Khartoum, da gidan Rediyon Wisal, saboda wasu
matsaloli na zaɓi karɓa kiranku a gida.
[2] A
wajen masana fassara sun ce, sunan ba ya fassaruwa dole a bar shi yadda yake.
Yunƙurin warwatse kalmomin ‘Hausa’ domin sama wa Bahaushe suna daga gare shi wani,
kure ne. cewa kalmar ta samo asali ne daga /hau/ /sa/, su yaya suke kiran
kansu?
[3] Madi’ihin
Annabi (SAW) Liman Aliyu Isa, ya ba da irin wannan fassarar a waƙarsa ta Yabon
Annabi (SAW) da yake cewa:
Alfahari nikai da shi ga irin Hausata... (wato ga irin fasahata).
Jagora: Kabi
ta ci Hausa
Jama’a: Da
mi tac ci Hausa?
:Da
ƙarfi da yaji.
Abin lura a nan, da Hausa ake waƙa
kuma an ce an ci Hausa, wato Sakkwato. Abin da Kabawa le nufi, Sakkwato ce
Hausa domin Fulani ke sarautarta, amma ba su suka kafa ta ba, don haka ba ƙasar
su ba ce.
Jagora: Na
sha ɓaci na ga nune
:Na sha ɗauri na ga tara
:Albarkar mugum kiɗin ga
:Ga ni da raina lahiya Hausa
:Ban taɓa ko ciwon ido
ba
[6] Idan
aka yi wa mutum habaici ko gatse, sai ka ji ya ce: “Na gane Hausarka”. Mai
sayar da nama wani ya yi wa tambayar izgili cewa: “Kai Barunje! Kana da zuciya
cikin kayan ciki”? Ya mayar da gami da cewa: “Bugan ni ka gani!” Ya ce: “Yawwa,
ka gane Hausar.”
[7] A
Nijeriya muna da ƙabila mai suna ‘Munci’ an ce (Magaji, 1986) sunan da suke yi
wa kowane harshe ke nan. Haka su ma ‘Kiswahili’ na East Africa kalmar ‘kii’ a harshensu tana nufin ‘harshe’, idan sun
ce ‘kiHausa’ wato Bahaushe ke nan. ‘Kiswahili’ masu harshen ‘Swahili’ ke nan.
[8] A
ganinmu ɗalibai, Daular Maraɗi da Daular Damagaram sun isa misali a nan. Duk da
kasancewar Damagaram ta yi zama ƙarƙashin Daular Borno, amma ko can a
masarautar Borno, ‘Hausa’ ‘Afuno’ ake kiranta, domin Hausawa ne, kuma Hausawa
ke sarautar su, a dubi Durbar Robert Ann, 1970. “Damagaram (Zinder, Niger)
1821-1906: The History of Central Sudanic Kingdom”, PhD History. Michigan.
[9] A
dubi, Mahdi Adamu, 1978. Hausa Factor in
West African History. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University, Press.
[10] An
so ya kasance yana da tushe daga cikin tussan karuruwan harshen Hausa, kamar a
ce: Gobarci – Bagobiri, Kananci – Bakano, Katsinanci – Bakatsine, Sakkwatanci –
Basakkwace, Zazzaganci – Bazazzage. Idan an samu haka, to komai ya yi an ba gwaro ajiyar mata.
[11] Don
ƙarin bayanin waɗannan jigajigan dauloli a dubi M. G. Smith, ya rubuta Government in Kano, da Government in Zazzau, da Government in Sokoto da kuma Affairs of Daura. Haka kuma, an ce ya
rubuta The Two Katsina. Na kasa
samunsa. Na dai samu Government in Sokoto
a hannun matarsa a Ingila, amma ba a buga shi ba.
[12] A
ra’ayin Farfesa Mahdi Adamu Ngaski, wanda duk Hausa ta cinye masa harshe da
al’ada ya rikiɗe cikin Hausawa, ko da harshensa na gado na raye da jama’ar da
ke magana da shi, shi kam ya zama Bahaushe. A kan wannan ra’ayi yake ganin
Janar Yakubu Gawon Bahaushe ne cikin The
Major Landmarks in the History of Hausaland, Professorial Inuagural
Lecture, UDUS.
[13] A
cikin yanar gizo, sun ce sabon binciken da aka gudanar (2018) ya nuna harshen
Hausa da ya mamaye Arewacin Nijeriya da wasu ƙasashen Afirka shi ne harshe na
goma sha ɗaya (11) a jadawalin harsunan duniya da ake magana da su a duniyar
mutane. An tabbatar da cewa akwai kimanin mutane miliyan ɗari da hamsin
(150,000,000) da ke magana da harshen Hausa a duniya. Hausa ta ɗara Punjab
(harshen Indiya) mutane masu magana da shi da mutane miliyan biyu (2,000,000),
ta kuma zarce Jamusanci da mutane miliyan ashirin da ɗaya (21,000,000). Harshen
Mandarin na ƙasar Sin (China) shi ke limancin harsunan duniya, yana da mutane
biliyan ɗaya da miliyan tara (1,009,000,000) masu magana da shi. Ingilishi ne
na biyu da mutane miliyan ɗari tara da tamanin da uku (983,000,000) masu magana
da shi. https://www.gistmania.com/talk/topic.353020.0.html. Ga cikakken tsarin
gaggan harsunan duniya da yawan mutanen da ke magana da su daki-daki:
1. Mandarin
mutane 1,009,000,000 ke magana da shi
2. Ingilishi
mutane 983,000,000 ke magana da
shi
3. Hindustani mutane 544,000,000 ke magana da shi
4. Spanish mutane 527,000,000 ke magana da shi
5. Arabic mutane 422,000,000 ke magana da shi
6. Malay mutane 281,000,000 ke magana da shi
7. Russian
mutane 267,000,000 ke magana da
shi
8. Bengali
mutane 261,000,000 ke magana da
shi
9. Portuguese
mutane 229,000,000 ke magana da shi
10. French mutane 229,000,000 ke magana da shi
11. Hausa mutane 150,000,000 ke magana da shi
12. Punjabi
mutane 148,000,000 ke magana da
shi
13. German mutane 129,000,000 ke magana da shi
14. Japanese mutane 129,000,000 ke magana da shi
15. Persian
mutane 121,000,000 ke magana da
shi
16. Swahili mutane 107,000,000 ke magana da shi
17. Telugu mutane 920,000 ke magana da shi
Waɗannan harsuna goma sha bakwai (17) su
ne duniya idan ana zancen duniyar mutane da ke magana da harshen mutane. Su ne
zakaru daga cikin harsunan duniyar mutane 7000, kuma Hausa ce ta goma sha ɗaya
(11). Ga hasashen Nijeriya zuwa shekarar 2050 yawan ‘yan Nijeriya zai kai
miliyan ɗari biyar (500,000,000) ke nan za mu kasance na uku ga yawa a duniya,
bayan China da India. A nawa hasashen, zuwa wannan lokacin Hausa za ta zama ta
uku a harsunan duniya, matuƙar Hausawa ba su rafashe ga auren mata 1 – 4 ba. Wai me Hausa ke jira ga zama harshen hukuma?
[14] Don
ƙarin bayani a dubi, University of Lagos
Executive Diary, 2019. Ban ga laifin Yarbawa ba da suka sa harshensu na
farko domin babu mai nunin gidansu da hannu hagu. Bahaushe ya ce: ‘So duk so
ne, amma son kai ya fi’, madalla da Balarabe da ya ce: “Al-aaqilu man bada’a bi nafsihi” (mai hankali shi ne wanda ya fara
da kansa ga rabo). A fagen ilimi dole a ajiye son kai a bi karatu yadda yake.
[15] Dalili
kuwa shi ne, a Nijeriya daga cikin harsunannmu (520/373) tara (9) sun mutu.
Jama’arsu na nan da rai, amma da wani harshe suke amfani, nasu ya yi ɓatan
dabo. Da yawa daga cikin harsunanmu suna a kan hanyar mutuwa su bar
al’ummominsu na ragaita neman abin magana.
[17] Ina
kyautata zaton abin da ya samu Yarbawa ya same mu. Babu mai musun yawan Fulani
a Nijeriya, amma ga yawan masu magana da harshen Fulfulde da Hausa a tambayi
kafafen yaɗa labarai na gida da waje da jaridu da mujallu na cikin gida da waje
su zama alƙalai.
[18] Idan
aka dubi Hausawa Katsinawa da Kanawa da suka mamaye Ghana, kasuwanci ya kai su.
Hausawan da ke Turai cinikin bayi ya kai su. Hausawan da ke Mali da Senegal,
harakar Sufanci. Waɗanda ke Morocco da Tunis, yaƙe-yaƙe da bauta. Waɗanda ke
Libiya, fatauci, ga su nan dai.
[19] Na
yi hira da Hausawa mazauna CAR a Jami’ar Cairo, sun tabbatar mini Hausawa na da
yawa a can. Sun buɗe makarantun Islamiyya da na Boko kuma duk da Hausa ake
koyarwa. A CAR da Saliyo da Ghana da an ji mutum ya yi Hausa kai tsaye za a ɗauki
musulmi ne domin Hausawan da ke zaune a can ba su da surki, Musulmi ne tsintsa.
[20] Na
samu wanna ƙarin haske daga Farfesa Ahmad Halliru Amfani a yayin da yake
gabatar da takarda mai taken “Hausa as an Emerging Official Language in
Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges”, ABU, Zaria, 2016.
[21] Haɗarin
masassara mai tsanani wadda ke iya kai ga mutuwar harshe gaba ɗaya guda biyu
ne: (a) Mutuwar masu magana da shi; (b) Rashin samun dabarar salon rubutu ga
masu harshen. Kowannensu na kashe harshe gaba ɗaya.
[22] Daga
lamba ta 6 – 10, ba ƙabilu ba ne, ina son in nuna a cikin kowane al’amari da
ake tsoron fitina ta tashi ko a samu rashin fahimta saboda kishi ko ƙyashi,
Bahaushe ya tanada masa wasan barkwancin da zai kawar da gaba da ƙiyayya mai
haddasa ta’addanci.
Masha Allah.
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