Kutsen Faransanci A Cikin Hausa: Tushensa Da Mafarinsa

Takardar da aka gabatar a taron k’asa da k’asa domin karrama Marigayi Farfesa Muhammadu Hambali Jinju mai taken: “The Challenges of Teaching African Languages and Association” des Auteurs Nigeriens en Langues Nationales (ASAUNIL) da Nigerian Indegenous Languages Writers Association (NILWA) suka shirya, ranar 19-21, 2014 a Emir Sultan, Niger Republic had’e da bukin ranar Harshen Uwa International Mother Language Day (IMLD) da UNESCO ta kaddamar

Daga

Umar Muhammad Dogon Daji

dogondajiumaru@yahoo.co.uk

Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Faransanci

Jami’ar Usmanu ‘Danfodiyo, Sakkwato

Jahar Sakkwato, Nijeriya

Da

Zaki, Muhammad Zayyanu

muhzayzak@udusok.edu.ng

Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Faransanci

Jami’ar Usmanu ‘Danfodiyo, Sakkwato

Jahar Sakkwato, Nijeriya

TSAKURE

 

K’asashen Afirka sun had’u da Harsunan Faransanci da Turanci a hanyar mulkin mallaka amma tun kafin zuwan Turawa, akwai al’ummomin Hausawa da ke zaune a k’asashen da Ingila da Faransa suke mulki suna cud’anya da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin wannan kasidar zamu bayyana hanyoyin da harshen Faransanci ya bi a wajen kutsawa cikin harshen Hausa. Daga k’arshe zamu yi nazarin matsalolin da Faransawa Hausawa ke fuskanta wajen magana da harshen Hausa.

 

1.0     Gabatarwa/Shimfid’a:

Harshen Farasanci ana magana da shi a cikin k’asashen Afirika wad’anda Faransa ta mulka. Wad’annan k’asashen kuwa sune k’asar Nijar, k’asar Mali, k’asar Benin, k’asar Togo, k’asar Burikina Faso, k’asar Kwaddebuwa, k’asar Sanigal da sauransu. A duk cikin wad’annan k’asashen, Hausawa suna magana da harshen Hausa amma harshen ya garwaya da harsunan su na k’asa. Misali, a Nijar akwai Hausa daban-daban, kamar Arauci, Damagaranci, hausar Filinge, Adaranci.

A Nijeriya kuwa, akwai Hausawa da ke zaune a arewacin Nijeriya suna magana da harshen Hausa daban-daban, misali: akwai Sakkwatanci, Katsinanci, Zazzaganci, Kananci, Zamfarci da sauransu. Wad’annan al’umomin Hausawa su dad’e suna huld’a da k’asashen yammacin Afirika masu magana da Faransanci ta hanyoyi daban-daban kamar haka:

2.0     Hanyoyin Huld’ar da Aka Samu Tasiri A Kan Juna:

2.1     Auratayya:

Ta wannan hanya da yawa Hausawan Nijeriya suke auren mata daga k’asashen Faransa, musamman daga k’asar Nijar zuwa Nijeriya. Saboda auren mijin ko matar dole ya koyi Faransanci saboda ya ji dadin huld’a da matarsa.

• Cinikayya:

Shekaru aru-aru, mutanen Nijeriya da Nijar suna kasuwanci tsakaninsu ta hanyar saye da sayarwa da kayayyakin abinci da mota. Ta wannan hanyar, Hausawa ‘yan kasuwa dole su koyi harshen Faransanci ko kuma su gamu da gamon su saboda ana iya juya baki a cucesu.

• Addini:

Saboda tarurukan wa’azi da k’ungiyoyin watsa addinin Musulunci kamar k’ungiyar Izala da Darik’a da sauran k’ungiyoyi da ke hada jama’a daga k’asashen Afirika wuri d’aya. Masu Faransanci da masu Turanci. Koyon harshen Faransanci ya zama wajibi ga wad’annan k’ungiyoyin addini saboda su yi wa’azin su cikin nasara. A hanyar haka an buda Sunna TV ta duniyar Hausa.

2.4     Siyasa:

Ita ma wannan hanyar tana taka babbar rawa wajen hada kan al’ummomin k’asashen Nijeriya da Nijer. Ta hanyar siyasa, ‘yan siyasa daga k’asashen Faransa da Ingila suna taruwa saboda su kara ma juna ilimi. Fahimtar tsakaninsu ba ta yiyuwa sia in sun jin harsunan junansu. A saboda wannan dalilin dole ne ‘yan siyasa Hausawa na Nijeriya su koyi harshen Faransanci don biyan bukatunsu na siyasa.

2.5     Mawak’a:

Faransanci yana kutsawa a cikin Hausa ta hanyar amfanin da mawak’a ke yi da kalmomin Faransanci a cikin Hausa. Misali Fati Nijar da Shatan Zamani, dukkan su suna amfani da kalmomin Faransanci a cikin wak’ok’in su na Hausa. Misali Mamman Gawo Filinge.

2.6     Wasannin Kwaikwayo:

Harshen Faransanci yakan kutsa cikin Hausa ta hanyar wasannin kwaikwayo wad’anda suka yawaita su ka watsu a cikin k’asashen Afirika masu magana da Faransanci.

 

 

2.7     Kafafen Watsa Labarai:

Ta wannan hanyar Faransanci yakan kutsa cikin harshen Hausa musamman ta hanyoyin gidajen rediyo, da talabijin da kuma jaridu ta wak’e bada rahoton abin da suka faru a k’asashen yammacin Afirika. Misali Jamila Tangaza ta gidan rediyon Ingila wato BBC. Ta kan yi amfani da Faransanci a cikin rahotanninta na yau da kullum. Kamar Barmu Arzika, da Chima Ila Youssouf da ke kawo rahotanni daga Nijar ma’aikatan gidan rediyon BBC.

2.8     Ilimi:

Da dad’ewa gwamnatocin Nijeriya suke huld’a ta hanyar ilimi tsakanin su da k’asashen yammacin Afirika masu magana da Faransanci ta hanyar sauyin d’alibai da malammai. Malammai da makaranta daga Nijeriya ya zama tilas gare su, su koyi harshen Faransanci domin su fhaimci karatun su da aka tura su suyo. Ta wannan hanya, Faransanci zai kutsa a cikin Hausarsu. A lokacin da zasu koyi harshen, sun riga sun iya harsunan Turanci da Hausa.

https://www.amsoshi.com/2017/10/01/tsarin-cincirindon-sifa-na-hausa-da-ingilishi/

2.9     Mak’wabtaka:

K’asar Nijeriya tayi iyaka da k’asashe hud’u masu magana da harshen Faransanci. Wad’annan k’asashe kuwa su ne: Chadi, Kamaru, Nijer da Benin. Shi Faransanci ya kutsa a cikin Hausa ta hanyar iyakokin jahohin Sakkwato, Kabi, Katsina, Maiduguri da Kano a arewancin Nijeriya. Misali jahar Sakkwato ta yi iyaka da k’asar Nijer a bakin boda da ke garuruwan Illela da Kwanni. Ita kuwa jihar Kabi tayi iyaka da k’asar Nijer a garuruwan Kamba, Dolekaina da Gaya.

2.10   Kiyon Lafiya:

Hausawan Nijeriya sukan koyi harshen Faransanci ta hanyar kiyon lafiya. Musamman idan suka ziyarci asibitocin k’asashen Faransa da ke garin Galmi a k’asar Nijar ko asibitin da ke garin babbarke a k’asar jamhuriyar Benin. Ko ma babbar asibitin da ke Yamai. Duka wad’annan cibiyoyin da ke bukatar dole Bahaushe ya tafi domin neman lafiyarsa suna zama mafarin kutsawar Faransanci a Hausar Bahaushen Nijeriya.

2.11   Tsaro:

‘Yan Nijeriya da ke aikin kayan sarki misali sojoji, kwastan, imagreshin da masu farfarun kaya. Duk ayukkansu na bukatar su ziyarci k’asashen yammacin Afirika. A inda mafi yawancinsu da ke magana da Hausa sukan ci karo da Faransanci ya kutsa cikin harsunan da suka iya na Nijeriya, musamman harshen Haus ako Yarbanci ko Iyamuranci.

 

2.12   Sarauta:

Shi ma ta hanyar sarauta, akwai masarautun gargajiya da ake nad’awa a cikin Nijeriya wadda take da alak’a da k’asar Nijar. Misali, sarautar sarkin Katsina ta samo asalinta ne daga sarautar sarkin Katsinan Maradi da ke jamhuriyar Nijar. Don haka wad’annan sarautu, sarakunan gargajiya na k’asashen Hausawan Nijar da Nijeriya sukan ziyarci juna musamman lokuttan bukukuwan salla da sauran al’adun gargajiya. Wanda ya sa dole harshen Faransanci ya kutsa cikin harshen Hausa domin su tabbatar da mulkin gidajensu na sarauta.

2.13   Bauta:

Har wa yau attajirai daga Nijeriya sukan sayo bayi daga k’asashen renon Faransa domin su zama barorinsu a cikin gidajensu. Ta wannan hanyar Faransanci ya samu kutsawa a cikin harshen Hausa.

2.14   K’aura:

Ma fi yawancin Hausawa su kan yi k’aura zuwa k’asashen yammacin Afirika a inda suke zama su yi cud’anya da Faransawa. Ta wannan hanya kuwa Hausawa su takan gurbata da Faransanci. Ko kuma su Faransawan su yi kaura zuwa k’asashen Hausa, misali mutanen k’abilar Bararoji, Zabarmawa da Azbinawa da Buzaye sun cika garuruwan Hausawa makil inda suke gadi, sayar da ruwa, wankin takalma, shayi, dunkin da sauransu. Ta hanyar zaman su a cikin Hausawa ya sa Hausar su ta gurbata da harshen Faransanci. Kamar yadda zamu iya gani a cikin wannan allon. Mafi yawancin kalmomin da Hausawan Nijar mazauna Maradi ke amfani da su.

3.0     Matsalar da Kutsen Faransanci ya Haifar ga Hausa:

A saboda wad’annan bambance-bambancen hanyoyin da ke sama, Bahaushe mai koyon harshen Faransanci zai iya gamuwa da matsaloli kamar amfani da kalmomi da kuma amfnai da sunayen abubuwa daban-daban a cikin Hausar sa ta yau da kullum kamar haka:

	Kalmomin Hausa	Kalmomin Faransanci
1.	Mak’ulli	Cle
2.	Madaukin Makulai	Porte-cle
3.	Takarda aiko wasik’a	Enveloppe
4.	Lan-holda	Ampoule
5.	Wil-koba	Jante
6.	Daki a cikin gida	Chmbre (maison)
7.	Tip na mota ko mashin	Chambre (a air)
8.	Kan pampo	Robinet
9.	Aure	Mariage
10.	Sa kaya kala d’aya da takalma da hula	Mariage (habillement)
11.	Buroshi na hakura ko na wankin takalmi	Brosse
12.	Maunin mai	Litre
13.	Yaro d’an makaranta firamare	Eleve
14.	Abin sa hotuna	Album
15.	‘Dan Tawaye	Rebel
16.	Kayan kid’in zamani	Guitare
17.	Ledar shinfid’awa k’asa	Parterre
18.	Kud’in alawanse na ‘yan makaranta	Allocation
19.	Abin shan madarar jarirai	Buberon
20.	Gyarna jarabawa	Correction
21.	Waya	Telephone
22.	Kyallen shafar zufa	Mouchoire
23.	Dutsin guga	Fer a repasser
24.	Buga karaurawa	Sonner (verb)
25.	Karatu a gida	Lecon
26.	Gam	Colle
27.	Matstsen wando	Collant
28.	Jarrabawar d’aukar aiki ko shiga wata makaranta	Concours
29.	Albashi	Salaire
30.	Abin ajiye abinci kada ya huce	Thermos
31.	Lamar kira	Biper
32.	Kashiya	Comptable
33.	Harsashen bindiga	Cartouche
34.	Barikin soji	Campagnie
35.	Sarka	Chaine
36.	Gidan ruwa	Chateau
37.	Wajen d’auka ko sayarda kasett	Discotheque
38.	Dakin karatu	Bibliotheque
39.	Shago sayarda littafi	Librairie
40.	Shagon sayarda magani	Pharmacie
41.	Hayar daki	Louer
42.	Makarantar koyon tukin mota	Auto ecole
43.	Takardar bari a wuce	Laissez-passe
44.	Ku kama kunnenkun	Aux Oreilles
45.	Kud’in Jabu	Faux-billet
46.	Hoto fatalwa	Cliche
47.	Vitamin maigina jiki	Vitamine
48.	Farkon wani abu	Foundation
49.	Abin aski	Rasoir
50.	Engimin machine ko mota	Moteur
51.	Chaza	Chargeur
52.	Kanfen ‘yan siyasa	Camp grie
53.	Kilomita	Kilometre
54.	Abin sawa ga kunne	Ecoteur
55.	Dan karamin littafen rubuta	Carnet
56.	Kulochi	Ambriage
57.	Faifan kilochi	Disque
58.	Gidan giya	Bar d’ambriage
59.	Masuki	Hotel
60.	Salat ganyen da ake ci	Salade
61.	Choi garyen da ake ci	Chou
62.	Karas	Carotte
63.	Dankalin turawa	Pomme de terre
64.	Inshora	Assurance
65.	K’aramar bindiga	Pistolet
66.	Abin sa ruwa	Tonneau
67.	K’Aramar motar haya	Taxi
68.	K’aramar jikkar hannu	Malletee
69.	Iskan gas	Gaz
70.	Man manyan motochi	Gasoil
71.	Mai na mota (fetur)	Essence
72.	Firijin	Frigo
73.	Wasik’a	Lettre
74.	‘Dan majalisa	Depute
75.	Kayan sarki	Tenue
76.	Ano (sakaya kala d’aya)	Uniforme
77.	Shataletale	Rond point
78.	Wurin tsayawa	Stop
79.	Signal	Clienton
80.	Jar wuta	Feu rouge
81.	Babbar makaranta sakandarai	Lycee
82.	Makarantar horon malamai	Ecole normale
83.	Zanen gado	Drap
84.	Sockettee	Multiprise
85.	Kwanon abinci d’aya	Plat
86.	Bokiti	Seau
87.	Zanen kofa	Rideau
88.	Dogon hutun yara ‘yan makaranta	Vacances
89.	Na d’aya	Premier
90.	Na k’arshe	Dernier
91.	Takardar shedar jarabawa	Bulletin
92.	Uwa	Maman
93.	Shugaba	Chef
94.	Radiyo	Radio
95.	Wakili	Delegue
96.	Wurin gyarna mota	Garage
97.	Rufaffin takalmin	Soulier
98.	Chasis	Chassis
99.	Manjagara	Rateau
100.	Mai gyarna wuta	Electricien
101.	Sa wuta	Instalation
102.	Almakashi	Ciseau
103.	Katifa	Matelas
104.	Sakon kud’i	Mandat
105.	Shagon ajiye kaya	Magasin
106.	Galam	Bidon
107.	Machin	Moto
108.	Kandur	Bougie
109.	Aji	Classe
110.	Makaranta	Ecole

111.	Karamin kapet
112.	Littafen rubutu
113.	Littafen karatu
114.	Biro
115.	Blackboard
116.	Tabur
117.	Signboard
118.	Tudu da kware