Samuwar Itaciyar Zogale Da Yaduwarta

An Ciro Daga: Bakura, A.R., & Sani, A-U. (2026). Zogale a ƙasar Hausa: Magani, abinci, tattalin arziki. SAS Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-63958-1-4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22682300

 Na

Adamu Rabi’u Bakura

Da

Abu-Ubaida Sani

SAMUWAR ITACIYAR ZOGALE DA YAƊUWARTA

1.0 Shimfiɗa

Zogale wata itaciya ce da ake shukawa ko dasawa a gida ko gona, wadda ake tsigar ganyenta ana dafawa a kwaɗanta a ci ko a yi dambu ko fate ko a yi miya da shi. Haka kuma akan yi danga da itaciyarta. Tana da furanni farare. Ana kuma yin yaji da saiwarta (Garba, 1990 sh. 167). Ita zogale matsakaiciyar itaciya ce, wadda girmanta ya kama daga tsawon mita biyar (5) zuwa mita goma (10). A dalilin yawan amfanin da ake yi da ita ya wanzar da nomanta a sassan duniya da dama. Ana samun ta a yammacin duniya da ƙasashen Asiya musamman a yankunan tsaunukan Himalaya da Indiya da Pakistan da Afirka da kuma yankunan Larabawa. A wannan babi na farko, an yi ƙoƙarin kawo tarihin samuwar itaciyar zogale da kuma yaɗuwarta.

1.1 Asalin Zogale

Masana ilimin halittar tsirrai (botanists) da na kimiyyar abinci sun yi ittifaƙi cewa itaciyar zogale (Moringa oleifera Lam.) asalinta daga yankin ƙasar Kudancin Asiya ne, musamman Indiya da maƙwabtanta. Binciken kimiyya na zamani ya tabbatar da cewa yankin Himalayas na arewacin Indiya da kuma yankunan ƙasar Sirilanka su ne wuraren da aka fara gano wannan itaciya a yanayinta na asali (Nickon da wasu, 2003; Ndong, 2007; Agrawal da wasu, 2008). Busani da wasu (2012) sun ƙara bayyana cewa, daga waɗannan yankuna ne itaciyar zogale ta bazu zuwa sassan duniya daban-daban ta hanyar ƙaura da kasuwanci a ƙarnuka da suka shuɗe.

A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, akwai nau'ukan zogale sama da goma sha uku (13) a duniya, amma moringa oleifera ita ce mafi yaɗuwa kuma mafi shahara saboda yawan sinadaran da take da su da kuma sauƙin girma a yanayi daban-daban (Olson & Fahey, 2011). A yau, ana noman zogale a duk faɗin ƙasashen Asiya, Afirka, Amurka ta Kudu, da kuma wasu sassan Turai saboda darajarta ta abinci da magani.

Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa zogale tana ɗauke da sinadarai masu ban mamaki kamar:

1. Flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol) waɗanda suke aiki a matsayin sinadarai masu ba wa jiki kariya (anti-oxidants).

2. Glucosinolates da isothiocyanates waɗanda suke da ƙarfin yaƙar ƙwayoyin cuta da ciwon daji (Fahey da wasu, 2001).

3. Sinadarai masu yawa kamar Calcium (wanda ya fi na madara yawa sau 17), Iron (wanda ya fi na alayyaho yawa sau 25), da Vitamin A (wanda ya fi na karas yawa sau 10) (Gopalakrishnan da wasu, 2016).

Itaciyar zogale ta sha bamban da sauran itatuwa ta hanyoyi da dama. Da farko dai takan tsiro (toho) a lokacin rani da damina, muddun tana samun danshin sanyi. Haka kuma tsananin fari da sara bai haddasa ta mutu, sai ko in har an haƙe saiwarta gaba ɗaya, ba kamar wasu itatuwan ba. Abu na biyu da ya bambanta ta da sauran itatuwa shi ne, tana rayuwa a ƙasashe masu tsananin zafi da matsakaita da masu danshi da ni’ima, har ma a cikin yankunan rairayi kamar yadda bani Adamu yake rayuwa a sassan ƙasa.

1.1.1 Ra'ayin Tarihin Addini da Al'adu

Tarihi ya nuna cewa al'ummomin Indiya da Sirilanka sun san zogale tun fiye da shekaru dubu huɗu (4,000) da suka wuce. A cikin littattafan likitancin gargajiya na Indiya kamar Ayurveda, an rubuta cewa itaciyar zogale tana maganin cututtuka fiye da ɗari uku (300), ciki har da ciwon suga da zazzaɓin cizon sauro da ciwon kai da kuma matsalar narkewar abinci (Kumar da wasu, 2014). Wannan ya sa wasu masana tarihin al'adu suka yi hasashen cewa, wataƙila ita ce ɗaya daga cikin itatuwan farko da ɗan'adam ya yi amfani da su domin kiyaye lafiyarsa.

Dangane da imanin addinin Musulunci game da saukar Annabi Adamu (A.S.) a doron ƙasa, akwai malaman tarihi da suka yi rubuce-rubuce cewa an saukar da Annabi Adamu a yankin Sirilanka, musamman a tsaunin Adam's Peak (Piduruthalagala), yayin da Hauwa'u aka saukar da ita a garin Jidda na ƙasar Saudiyya (Ibn Kathir, 2000; Al-Tabari, 1989). Idan aka ɗauka wannan ruwayar ta tarihi daidai take, to za mu iya cewa itaciyar zogale tana ɗaya daga cikin tsirran farko-farko da Annabi Adamu ya gani a duniya, kuma Allah da hikimarsa ya sanya ta a wannan yanki domin ta kasance abinci da magani ga zuriyarsa ta farko. Wannan hasashe yana samun ƙarfafa ne daga yadda kimiyyar zamani ta gano cewa zogale yana da sinadaran da suke magance ƙwayoyin cuta da kare lafiya fiye da kowane nau'in tsirrai da aka bincika (Anwar da wasu, 2007; Gopalakrishnan da wasu, 2016).

Yayin da zamani ya shuɗe, mutane suka ƙara yaɗuwa sakamakon hayayyafa a sassa daban-daban na doron duniya, sai Allah cikin hikimarsa da iradarsa ya fahimtar da ɗan’adam hanyoyin da zai sarrafa ta, domin ci da kuma kariya daga wasu abubuwan da ka iya wanzar da lahani a jikinsa. Ya kuma haɗa da yadda zai kawar da cuta daga jikinsa.

1.1.2 Yaɗuwar Zogale Zuwa Sassan Duniya

Daga Indiya da Sirilanka, itaciyar zogale ta fara yaɗuwa zuwa ƙasashen Masar da Sudan a kusan ƙarni na 1 bayan haihuwar Annabi Isa (A.S.), inda ake kiran ta da sunan "Shagara al-Rauwaq" a cikin harshen Larabci. Daga nan ne ta shiga yankin Saharar Afirka ta hanyar ‘yan kasuwar Larabawa da masu jihadi, kuma daga baya Turawan mulkin mallaka suka kai ta zuwa ƙasashen Caribbean da Amurka ta Kudu a ƙarni na 19 (Fuglie, 1999).

A ƙasar Hausa, an yi imanin cewa Zogale ta zo ne ta hanyar ‘yan kasuwar Trans-Saharan da suke tafiya tsakanin Masar da Sudan zuwa cikin ƙasashen Afirka ta Yamma kamar Najeriya, Nijar, da Mali. A yau, Zogale ta zama ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun tsirrai a yankin, inda ake amfani da ita wajen miya da maganin zazzaɓi da kuma kayan ƙwalama na gargajiya (Lockett et al., 2000).