Ma'anar Abinci Da Ma'anar Kwalama

An Ciro Daga: Bakura, A.R., & Sani, A-U. (2026). Zogale a ƙasar Hausa: Magani, abinci, tattalin arziki. SAS Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-63958-1-4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22682300

 Na

Adamu Rabi’u Bakura

Da

Abu-Ubaida Sani

GURBIN ZOGALE A MAHAƊIN ABINCI DA ƘWALAMA

Shimfiɗa

Bayan da muka waiwaici asalin itaciyar zogale da tarihin zuwanta ƙasar Hausa a babi na farko, da kuma mahimmancinta a fagen magani a babi na biyu, yanzu za mu shiga cikin muhimmin fage na amfani da ita wato abinci da ƙwalama. Zogale ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsirran da aka fi amfani da su a cikin gidajen Hausawa tun ƙarnuka da yawa da suka shuɗe, inda ake dafa ta ko a sarrafa ta hanyoyi daban-daban a matsayin ƙwalama ko abinci. Binciken kimiyya ya nuna cewa ganyen zogale yana da arzikin sinadarai masu gina jiki kamar na (protein), bitamin A, C, da E. Har wa yau, a cikinta akwai sinadarai kamar calcium, iron, da potassium, waɗanda suke da muhimmanci ga lafiyar jiki musamman ga mata masu juna biyu, masu shayarwa, da kuma yara masu girma.

Bugu da ƙari, Zogale tana da gurbi na musamman a fannin ƙwalama, inda ake amfani da ita wajen inganta lafiyar jiki da kuma magance matsalolin da suka shafi rashin abinci mai gina jiki (malnutrition). Wannan babi ya mayar da hankali a kan yadda ake amfani da zogale a matsayin abinci da ƙwalama.

Ma’anar Abinci

A hasashen Sani da Umar (2022 sh. 20), kalmar abinci ba ararriyar ba ce daga kowane harshe. Dalilan faɗin haka sun haɗa da kasancewar abinci ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa na farko da ɗan’adam ya fara cuɗanya da su yayin da ya zo duniya. Wannan yana nuna cewa, dole ne ya samar wa kansa sunan da yake ambaton abinci da shi. Baya ga haka, kalmar abinci ta fi kama da haɗaka na kalmomi guda biyu, wato abu da kuma ci. Za ta iya yiwuwa Hausawa sun fara ambaton sunan abinci ne da furucin: “abin da za a ci” ko “abin da ake ci.” Sannu a hankali har aka gajarce shi zuwa abinci.

Abinci dai yana nufin duk wani abin da ɗan’adam zai sanya a ciki domin ya magance masa yunwa. Yabo, (2006) ya bayyana cewa, amfanin abinci kusan daidai yake da na rayuwa. Dalili kuwa shi ne, da zarar aka ce ɗan’adam ya rasa abinci na wani tsawon lokaci, to haƙiƙa ba zai iya rayuwa ba. Da wannan ne ma Hausawa suke cewa: “Da ruwan ciki ake jan na rijiya.” A taƙaice, abinci shi ne duk wani abu da ake sakawa a baki, a tauna da haƙora sannan a haɗiye da nufin kawar da yunwa ko mayar da kwaɗayi ko biyan wata buƙata da take da alaƙa da magani, ko makamancin wannan.

Ma’anar Ƙwalama

Yayin da aka karkato wajen ma’anar kalmar ƙwalama kuwa, za a ga cewa a luggace kalmar tana cikin jerin kalmomin sunaye jinsin mata, kamar yadda Abubakar (2015 sh. 318) da Abraham (1975 sh. 575) suka nuna. Kalmar tana ɗauke da ma’anoni biyu kamar haka:

(i).  Matuƙar son cin abu, musamman mai maiƙo ko zaƙi, daidai da ƙwaɗayi.

(ii). Tafiyar da yaro yakan yi zuwa wani gida da niyyar ya sami abinci, daidai da kwaraka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a Ƙamusun Jami’ar Bayero (2006 sh. 290).

Shi kuwa Abubakar (2015 sh. 318) ya bayyana ta da: “Tayar da hankali sai an ci abu mai daɗi.” Ya ma nuna asalin kalmar daga harshen Larabci take da ake kira غلم. Abraham (1975 sh. 575) kuwa ya fassara kalmar ƙwalama da ma’anar “kwaɗayi”.

A luggace kalmar kwaɗayi tana cikin jerin kalmomin sunaye jinsin namiji, kamar yadda Abubakar (2015 sh. 282) da BUK (2006 sh. 260) da Garba (1991 sh. 93) suka nuna. Kalmar tana ƙunshe da ma’ana biyu kamar haka:

(i). Fitacciyar haɗamar cin abinci mai daɗi.

(ii). Haɗamar neman samun wani abu (Abubakar, 2015 sh. 282).

Ita kuwa kalmar marmari (marmarii) kalma ce da take cikin jerin kalmomin sunaye jinsin maza.  Tana ƙunshe da ma’anar sha’awar abu na ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci, musamman abin da za a ci ko a sha.

Sha’awa (sha’awaa) kuwa, kalma ce da take cikin jerin kalmomi jinsin sunaye na mata. Jam’inta kuwa shi ne sha’awace-sha’awace. Tana ɗauke da ma’anar son abu ko buƙatar abu a rai. A wani karin harshen kuwa akan kira ta da lafazin shawa.

Yayin da muka karkato a ɓangaren manazarta al’ada za a tarar cewa, Sani da Umar (2022 sh. 57) sun kira ta da suna “maƙulashe” mai ɗauke da ma’anar: “Nau’in abincin da ake ci ba don yunwa ba. Akan ci ne kawai domin kwaɗayi ko marmari. Yawanci yara da mata ne suka fi ta’ammali da nau’in abincin maƙulashe.” Sun nuna cewa, wasu daga cikin nau’o’in abincin da ake samu a lokacin bukukuwan Hausawa na maƙulashe ne.

Ta la’akarin da abin da masana da manazarta suka bayyana, ana iya fassara kalmar ƙwalama da cewa, abinci ne na sha’awa da ake samun damar cin sa a wasu keɓantattun lokutan shekara ko lokuta na musamman. Akan sami abin ne a wani ɗan ƙanƙanen lokaci, musamman abin da za a ci ko kuma a sha. Ire-iren waɗannan abubuwan akan kira su da sunaye daban-daban, sakamakon bambancin kare-karen harshe da ake da su a tsakanin al’ummomin ƙasar Hausa, wanda tazarar da take tsakaninsu ta wanzar.