Kasuwancin Tafintanci (Interpretation) Da Tsara Rubutu a Kwamfuta (Typesetting)

An ciro daga littafin:

BIƊA DA TANADI A DUNIYAR INTANET
(Sana’o’i, Kasuwanci, Ƙwadago)

Na

Abu-Ubaida SANI
Abdulrahman ALIYU

Manazartar Littafi: Sani, A-U. & Aliyu, A. (2026). Biɗa Da Tanadi a Duniyar Intanet (Sana'o'i, Kasuwanci, Ƙwadago). Amsoshi Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-62480-1-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21361768

Tuntuɓa Domin Samun Littafi: 

Dr. Abu-Ubaida Sani: Imel - abuubaidasani5@gmail.com | WhatsApp - 08133529736

Dr. Abdulrahman Aliyu: WhatsApp - 08036954354

Tafintanci (Interpretation)

Tafintanci nau’in fassara ne wanda ake gudanarwa kai tsare da baki a maimakon a rubuce. Wani ƙarin bambancinsu da fassara shi ne, tafintanci ana gudanar da shi ne tsakanin ɓangarori guda biyu waɗanda ba su fahimtar maganar juna. Mai irin wannan aikin ana kiran sa da suna tafinta. Yakan saurari magana daga ɓangaren farko (misali, Hausa) sannan ya fassara wa ɓangare na biyu (misali, Ingilishi). Haka kuma, zai saurari jawabin ɓangare na biyu (Ingilishi) sannan ya fassara wa ɓangare na farko (Hausa). A taƙaice, tafintanci wani aiki ne da ya shafi kimiyyar harshe inda ɓangarori biyu na mutanen da ba su fahimtar harsunan juna suke iya tattaunawa a tsakaninsu nan take da taimakon tafinta, inda shi tafinta yake fassara wa kowane ɓangare abin da ɗaya ɓangaren ya faɗa.

Tafintocin kan intanet sukan samu ayyuka ta hanyoyi guda biyu:

a.  Ana iya duba bayanan tafinta a kan intanet sannan a buƙaci ya je wani wurin da za a gabatar da aiki gaba da gaba. Za ta iya yiwuwa a kotu ne ko a wurin wani taro, da makamantansu.

b.  Ana iya neman tafinta daga kan intanet, sannan ya gudanar da tafintancin a kan intanet. Wannan yana yiwuwa ta hanyar waya ko wata manhajar da take ba da damar tattaunawa kai tsaye cikin bidiyo.

Gile (2009 sh. 17-35) da Pöchhacker (2016 sh. 10-40) sun tattauna nau’o’in tafintanci. Ta fannin yanayin gudanarwa, akwai manyan nau’o’in tafintanci guda biyu. Su ne:

1.  Ba-Jira (Simultaneous): Wannan nau’in tafintanci ne inda mai magana ba ya jira ko sararawa domin tafinta ya fassara abin da yake faɗa. A maimakon haka, tafinta zai ci gaba da yin fassara yayin da mai maganar yake yi. Dole tafinta ya kasance yana da basirar iya sauraro da fahimtar magana tare da fassara ta ga masu sauraro, duk a lokaci ɗaya. A duba misali a ƙasa:

Hoto Na 4.7: Aikin tafintanci cikin harshe Hausa

Madogara: Saƙon imel daga kamfanin fassara na Translate 4 Africa

2.  Daki-Daki (Consecutive): Wannan nau’in tafintanci ne a inda mai magana yake ɗan jinkirtawa domin tafinta ya samu damar fassara abin da ya faɗa kafin ya ci gaba.

Tsara Rubutu a Kwamfuta (Typesetting)

Tsara rubutu a kwamfuta yana nufin amfani da ƙwarewa da bin matakai na musamman domin daidaitawa da shirya rubutu cikin wani ƙayyadadden salo da aka buƙata. Ya haɗa da zaɓen salo da girman rubutu da tazara tare da daidaita duk sauran abubuwan da suke cikinsa dangin hotuna da giraf da jadawali da sauransu.

Rubutun Hausawa a kwamfuta yana da alamar sauƙi a ido. Kowane madanni yana ɗauke da alamar rubutun da zai fito yayin da aka danna shi. A zahirin gaskiya kuwa, samar da rubutu mai tsari ya wuce yadda mai hange daga nesa yake tunani. Abu ne wanda yake buƙatar ƙwarewa da mayar da hankali.

Ma’aikatun da ake yi wa aikin tsara rubutu suna da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaiɗaikun mutane sukan nemi ƙwararru wajen tsara rubutu a kwamfuta domin tsara musu wani aikinsu, kamar littafi ko takarda. Jami’ar Franklin ta wallafa jerin wuraren aiki da suke buƙatar masu fasahar tsara rubutu a shafinta na wayar da kai game da ayyuka da sana’o’i.

Hoto Na 4.8: Ƙiyasin Adadin Masu Tsara Rubutu a Ma’aikatu

Madogara: Franklin University (n.d. SL. 8)

A hoto na 4.8 da yake sama, za a iya lura cewa kashi ashirin da bakwai da ɗigo takwas (28.7%) na masu wannan nau’in ƙwadago sukan samu ayyuka ne a gidajen jaridu da mujallu da kamfanonin wallafa littattafai da makamantansu. Kashi takwas da ɗigo biyar (8.5%) kuwa suna aiki ne a kamfanoni da ma’aikatu da suke fannin ɗaukar ma’aikata. Kaso shida da ɗigo bakwai (6.7) sun kasance a fannonin tallace-tallace da na hulɗa da jama’a da makamantansu. Fannin tallafa wa kasuwanci suna da kaso biyar (5%), yayin da hukumomi da ƙungiyoyin addinai suke da kaso huɗu da ɗigo takwas (4.5%). Ɓangarorin da suka shafi zamantakewa da fasaha da ayyukan ƙwararru suna da kaso huɗu da ɗigo biyar (4.5). A jimillar sauran ɓangarori ne kuma ake samun ragowar kaso arba’in da ɗaya da ɗigo takwas (41.8%).

Wannan yana nuni ga ɗimbin gurabun da masu ƙwarewa a ɓangaren tsara rubutu suke da shi na samun ayyuka. Da taimakon intanet, ɗan ƙwadagon kan intanet yana iya samun ire-iren waɗannan ayyukan daga wasu ƙasashe na daban, ba lallai sai ƙasarsa ba. Mujallun Hausa irin su Tasambo JLLC (www.tasambo.com) da Ɗunɗaye Journal of Hausa Studies (www.dundaye.com) duk suna bin tsarin rubutu irin na mujallun ƙasa da ƙasa. Za su iya tura takardu ta kan intanet ga wani Bahaushe da ya iya irin wannan aikin domin ya yi musu.