Bayani Game Da Samuwar Kafafen Intanet Da Tasirin Intanet a Duniyar Yau

An ciro daga littafin:

BIƊA DA TANADI A DUNIYAR INTANET
(Sana’o’i, Kasuwanci, Ƙwadago)

Na

Abu-Ubaida SANI
Abdulrahman ALIYU

Manazartar Littafi: Sani, A-U. & Aliyu, A. (2026). Biɗa Da Tanadi a Duniyar Intanet (Sana'o'i, Kasuwanci, Ƙwadago). Amsoshi Academic Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-62480-1-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21361768

Tuntuɓa Domin Samun Littafi: 

Dr. Abu-Ubaida Sani: Imel - abuubaidasani5@gmail.com | WhatsApp - 08133529736

Dr. Abdulrahman Aliyu: WhatsApp - 08036954354

3.2.3 Samuwar Kafafen Intanet

Ɓullar kafafen intanet sun samar da wani sabon al’amari a duniya. Kafar intanet wani gida ne ko farfajiya ko rumbu da akan ƙirƙira. A cikinsa ne ake ajiye bayanai iri-iri. Za a riƙa bin wasu tsararrun hanyoyi wajen kaiwa ga wannan gida tare da ta’ammuli da kayayyakin da suke cikinsa. Binciken Armstrong (2019) ya tabbatar da cewa, an ƙirƙiri kafar intanet ta farko ne a shekarar 1991.[1] Daga wannan lokaci aka ci gaba da samun ɓullowar kafafen intanet da bunƙasarsu. Har zuwa shekarar 2016, kafafen intanet sun kai biliyan ɗaya. Giraf da yake ƙasa yana ɗauke da ƙarin bayani.

Giraf Na 3.1: Adadin Kafafen Intanet a Duniya

Madogara: Armstrong (2019 SL. 1)

A giraf na 3.1 da yake sama, za a ga tarihin samuwar kafafen intanet a taƙaice. A shekarar 1991 kafar intanet guda ɗaya aka samu. A 1992 adadinsu ya kai goma. A wajajen 2016, wannan adadi ya kai biliyan guda. Bayan haka, giraf ɗin ya nuna shekarun da aka samar da wasu muhimman kafafen intanet kamar su:

a. Yahoo (Yahu) a shekarar 1994

b. Google (Gogul) a shekarar 1998

c. Facebook (Fesbuk) a shekarar 2004

d. YouTube (Yutub) a shekarar 2005

e. Instagram (Insitagiram) a shekarar 2010

A shekarar 2021, Armstrong ya faɗaɗa wannan bincike. Sabon binciken ya nuna cigaba da aka samu ta fuskar ƙaruwar adadin kafafen intanet da ake da su a duniya. A duba sabon giraf ɗin da ya samar a ƙasa:

Giraf Na 3.2: Adadin Kafafen Intanet a Shekarar 2021

Madogara: Armstrong (2021)

Yayin da aka nazarci giraf na 3.1 da 3.2 da aka kawo a sama, za a tabbatar da cewa duniya tana ƙara rungumar lamarin intanet. A shekarar 2019, akwai ƙiyasin kafafen intanet miliyan dubu ɗaya da ɗari bakwai da biyu (biliyan 1.72). Ya zuwa shekarar 2021 kuwa, sai ga adadin ya ƙaru zuwa miliyan dubu ɗaya da ɗari takwas da tamanin (biliyan 1.88). Wannan na nuna cewa, a cikin shekaru biyu kacal, an samu ƙaruwar kimanin kafafen intanet miliyan ɗari da sittin (miliyan 160) a duniya.

3.3 Tasirin Intanet a Duniyar Yau

A yau, intanet ya zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar al’umma. A cikin giraf na 3.1 da 3.2, za a ga cewa a shekarar 1991 ne aka samar da kafar intanet ta farko. Ya zuwa shekarar 2017, adadin kafafen intanet sun kai biliyan ɗaya da miliyan ɗari bakwai da sitting (biliyan 1.76). Adadin ya sauka a shekarar 2018 da 2019. A 2019, adadin na kafafen intanet ya kasance kimanin biliyan ɗaya da miliyan ɗari bakwai da ashirin (biliyan 1.72). Adadin na kafafen intanet ya ƙara yawa a shekarar 2020 da kuma 2021. A shekarar 2021, adadin kafafen intanet sun kai biliyan ɗaya da miliyan ɗari takwas da tamanin (biliyan 1.88). Duk waɗannan alƙaluma suna nuni ne ga yadda duniya ta rungumi al’amarin intanet.

A ɓangare guda kuwa, sama da rabin mutanen duniya ne suke amfani da intanet. An samu wannan rahoto daga ƙididdigar da Statista ta yi a farkon shekarar 2020. A yayin rubuta rahoton a kafar Statista, Clement (2020 SL. 2) ya bayyana cewa:

Almost 4.54 billion people were active internet users as of January 2020, encompassing 59 percent of the global population.

Fassara

Masu amfani da intanet ya zuwa watan Janairu na shekarar 2020 sun kai kimanin biliyan 4.54, wanda hakan ya kai kashi 59 na adadin mutanen duniya.

Giraf 3.3: Adadin Masu Amfani da Intanet a Watan Janairu na Shekarar 2020

Madogara: Climent, (2020 SL. 1)

Ko bayan adadin mutanen da suke amfani da intanet, masu cuɗanya da duniyar intanet a kullum abin dubawa ne. Kowace kafa aka ɗauka za a tarar da akwai adadin mutane da suke ziyarta tare da gudanar da al’amura a kowace rana (wata ta fi wata yawan maziyarta kwatankwacin ficenta da amfaninta). Wannan bincike ya yi yunƙurin ɗauko hadahadar duniyar intanet da yake wakana a yanzu (shekarar 2024). Wannan yunƙuri ya ci tura sakamakon bayanan kai tsaye daga kafar da aka dogara a kanta wajen samun waɗannan alƙaluma sun ƙafe a wannan lokaci, kamar yadda za a gani a cikin hoton da yake ƙasa:

Hoto Na 3.5: Bayanan Kafar Internet Live Stats a Ƙafe

Madogara: Internet Live Stats (2024 SL. 1-2)

A bisa dalilin ƙafewar bayanan wannan kafa, an yi amfani da waɗanda aka ɗauka ranar 20 ga watan Fabarairu na shekarar 2020. A wannan rana, an nazarci hadahadar da take gudana a duniyar intanet daidai ƙarfe 11:30 na dare. A ƙasa an kawo bayanai game da alƙaluman hadahadar duniyar intanet na wannan rana.

Hoto Na 3.6: Hadahadar Yau da Kullum ta Wasu Kafafen Intanet 1

Madogara: Internet Live Stats (2020 SL. 2)

A hoto na 3.6 da aka kawo a sama, za a iya lura cewa, sama da mutane biliyan biyar ne suka yi amfani da intanet ranar 20/02/2020. Adadin ya fi yawan rabin mutanen duniya. Wannan na nuni da tasirin intanet ga rayuwar al’umma. Har ila yau, adadin kafafen intanet masu aiki a wannan rana sun fi biliyan guda da miliyan dubu ɗari bakwai da hamsin da ɗaya. Za a iya hasashen cewa, wannan adadi ya fi yawan adadin gidajen da suke duniya.[2] A ɓangare guda kuwa, saƙonnin imel da aka tura sun zarta biliyan ɗari biyu da hamsin da uku da miliyan ɗari da goma sha uku. Wannan ma na ƙara nuni ga yadda intanet ta zama wani ɓangaren rayuwar al’umma.

Hoto 3.7: Hadahadar Yau da Kullum ta Wasu Kafafen Intanet 2

Madogara: Internet Live Stats (2020 SL. 3)

A hoto na 3.7 da yake sama, za a iya lura cewa, an aika tambayoyi sama da biliyan shida da miliyan ɗari takwas da hamsin da huɗu a Gogul a ranar 20/02/2020. Kada a manta da cewa, Gogul ba shi kaɗai ne injin nema a duniyar intanet ba.[3] A ɓangare guda kuwa, adadin sababbin labarai da aka ɗora a kan bulog-bulog a wannan rana sun haura miliyan shida da dubu ɗari biyar. Baya ga haka, an ɗora labarai sama da miliyan ɗari bakwai da hamsin da ɗaya a kafar Tuwita.[4]

Hoto 3.8: Hadahadar Yau da Kullum ta Wasu Kafafen Intanet 3

Madogara: Internet Live Stats (2020 SL. 4)

A cikin hoto na 3.8 da aka kawo a sama, za a ga cewa, an kalli bidiyoyi sama da biliyan bakwai da miliyan ashirin da uku a Yutub a ranar 20/02/2020. Haka kuma, an ɗora hotuna sama da miliyan tamanin da biyu a kafar Insitagiram. La’akari da dukkanin waɗannan alƙaluma, haƙiƙa intanet yana da matuƙar tasiri ga rayuwar al’umma.

Domin tantance cigaba da aka samu game da waɗannan alƙaluma da suka daɗe,[5] an duba ƙalƙaluman da kafar Worldometer[6] ta bayar. An duba a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba, shekarar 2025 daidai ƙarfe 8:33 na dare.[7]

Hoto Na 3.9: Hadahada a Wasu Kafafen Intanet

A hoto na 3.9 da yake sama, za a lura cewa an samu ƙaruwar adadin mutanen da suke amfani da dukkannin waɗannan kafafen intanet idan aka kwatanta da yadda abin yake a shekarar 2020. Ga yadda bambance-bambancen ya kasance:

Jadawali Na 5: Ƙaruwar Masu Amfani da Kafafin Intanet (2020 da 2025)

Hadahada	2020	2025	Fifikon 2025 Kan 2020
Adadin masu amfani da intanet	4,481,081,889	6,849,607,548	2,368,525,659 (52.86%)
Adadin saƙonnin imel da aka tura	253,113,097,224	279,367,318,988	26,254,221,764 (10.37%)
Adadin labarai da aka ɗora a kan bulog-bulog	6,550,597	10,916,693	4,366,096 (66.65%)
Adadin labarai da aka ɗora a kan Tuwita	751,526,101	900,938,092	149,411,991 (19.89%)
Adadin tambayoyin da aka aika a Gogul	6,854,869,102	10,934,407,986	4,079,538,884 (59.51%)

Madogara: Internet Live Stats da Worldometer

Chen et al. (2002 sh. 6) sun nazarci ayyuka daban-daban da aka gudanar game da tasirin intanet a kan al’ummomi. Ayyukan da suka nazarta sun haɗa da na Nie (2001) da Wellman (2001) da Nie et al. (2002). Bayan nazartar ayyukan, sun fitar da nau’o’in tasirin da intanet yake yi kan al’umma kamar haka:

i.The Internet decreases community (Intanet yana samar da koma-baya ga al’umma)

ii.The Internet transforms community (Intanet yana kawo sauye-sauye ga rayuwar al’umma)

iii.The Internet supplements community (Intanet yana samar da wata al’umma ta daban)

Koma-baya da intanet yake haifarwa ga al’umma ya shafi fannonin rayuwarsu daban-daban. Daga cikinsu akwai yadda al’amuran nishaɗi da ɓata lokaci da intanet yake ƙunshe da su suke ɗauke wa mutane hankali da shagaltar da su. A haka ne al’umma take rungumar intanet a maimakon yin amfani da lokutansu wajen aikata ayyukan da za su taimake su a matsayin ɗaiɗaikun mutane, ko a matakin al’umma.

Sauye-sauyen da intanet ta zo da su kuwa nau’o’i biyu ne. Akwai masu amfani, akwai kuma waɗanda suke mazaunin ƙalubale.[8] A ɓangare guda kuwa, al’umma ta daban da intanet yake samarwa na nufin al’amura da hulɗayya da suke wanzuwa a duniyar intanet. Bayan nan, ya shafi yadda halaye da ɗabi’un mutane suke sauyawa sakamakon hulɗa da intanet.

Za a ƙara fahimtar tasirin intanet yayin da aka nazarci tasirin kafafen sada zumunta ga zamantakewar yau. A duniyar yau, kafafen sada zumunta sun zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar al’umma. Kusan za a iya cewa, duniyar mutane ba za ta iya rayuwa ba sai da su. Dalili kuwa shi ne, rayuwar mutane da dama ta dogara kacokan a kan ire-iren waɗannan kafafe. Nan ne cin su, nan ne shan su![9]

Binciken Ceci (2019 SL. 3) ya nuna cewa, masu amfani da kafar Whatsapp a watanni kaɗan bayan samar da kafar sun kai kimanin biliyan guda da miliyan ɗari biyar (1,005,000,000). Binciken da Jayasekara (2015), ya gudanar ya nuna cewa, ana samun ƙaruwar masu amfani da kafafen sada zumunta matuƙa.

Masana da manazarta da dama sun yi bincike da rubuce-rubuce game da tasirin kafafen sadarwa a zamantakewa.[10] Siddiqui & Singh sun bayyana cewa:

Now a day’s social media has been the important part of one’s life from shopping to electronic mails, education and business tool. Social media plays a vital role in transforming people’s life style. (Siddiqui & Singh, 2016 sh. 71)

Fassara

A yau, kafafen sada zumunta sun zama wani muhimmin ɓangare na rayuwar ɗan’adam tun daga kan sayayya da tura saƙonni da ilimi har zuwa kasuwanci. Kafafen sada zumunta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa dangane da salon rayuwar mutane.

Lallai wannan batu haka yake, domin kuwa ko a ƙasar Hausa akwai mutane da dama da suka raja’a matuƙa kan kafafen na sada zumunta. Akwai muhimman ɓangarorin rayuwa da waɗannan kafafe suka fi shafa. Sun haɗa da:

i. Biɗa da tanadi

ii. Ilimi da karantarwa

iii. Nishaɗantarwa

iv. Sada zumunta

v. Tattaunawa a matakin ɗaiɗaiku ko ƙungiyoyi

Tun farko dai waɗannan kafafe an samar da su ne domin sada zumunta. Misali, Fesbuk da aka samar a wajajen 2004, ya kasance hoɓɓasa ne na ɗalibin Jami’ar Harvard mai suna Mark Zuckerberg. Ya ƙirƙiri Fesbuk ne a matsayin kafar sada zumunta tsakanin ɗaliban makarantar ta Harvard. Sannu a hankali ɗaliban wasu makarantu na daban suka fara amfana da ita.[11] A shekarar 2006 ne kuma aka fitar da ita a matsayin kafar sada zumunta da duniya gaba ɗaya za ta iya amfani da ita (Baruah, 2012 sh. 4; Ceci, 2019 SL. 2). A zuwa yau, Fesbuk ne yake kan gaba a duk cikin kafafen sada zumunta. Bayan shi, wasu daga cikin fitattun kafafen sada zumunta, su ne:

a. Instagram

b. Twitter

c. Whatsapp

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[1] Tim Berners-Lee da yake aiki a CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) a Siwizalan (Switzerland) shi ya fara ƙirƙirar kafar intanet a shekarar 1991. Ƙunshiyar kafar ta kasance game da intanet da yadda ake amfani da ita . Liƙau ɗin da ya yi amfani da shi a wancan lokaci shi ne http://info.cern.ch. Domin ƙarin bayani dangane da kafafen intanet, ana iya duba Armstrong (2019 SL. 1).

[2] Kafar The Conversation ta wallafa rahoto a ranar 28 ga watan Fabrairun shekarar 2018 mai taken “The world needs to build more than two billion new homes over the next 80 years” wato “Akwai buƙatar a gina sababbin gidaje sama da biliyan biyu a duniya a cikin shekaru 80 masu zuwa.” A cikin rahoton ta nuna cewa, gidajen da suke duniya sun kasance kimanin biliyan guda da ɗigo biyu (biliyan 1.2). A duba Smith (2018)

[3] Bayan Google akwai waɗansu da dama da suka haɗa da AOL da Ask da Baidu da Bing da DuckDuckGo da sauransu.

[4] Yana da kyau a tuna cewa, adadin masu amfani da Fesbuk sun fi na waɗanda suke amfani da Tuwita nesa ba kusa ba. Wannan na nuna cewa, labaran da ake ɗorawa a Fesbuk ya wuce wannan adadi sosai.

[5] Bayanan sun tsufa kasancewar an ɗauke su tun a shekarar 2020. Ya zuwa shekarar 2025, sun kai tsawon shekaru biyar (5) ke nan.

[6] Worldometer (https://www.worldometers.info/) kafar intanet ce da ta shahara wajen samar da ƙididdigar alƙaluman abubuwan da suke faruwa a lokacin da suke faruwa. Tana tattaro bayananta daga kafofi mabambanta ta amfani da fasahar intanet. American Library Association sun ayyana ta a matsayin kafa mai samar da bayanai masu nagarta.

[7] Kasancewar alƙaluman suna cigaba da daɗuwa, kafin 12 daren wannan rana dole za su haura yadda suke a lokacin da aka ɗauko su.

[8] Sauƙaƙa sadarwa da kasuwanci da sauran nau’o’in hulɗoɗin al’umma cigaba ne da ya samu a sakamakon intanet. A ɓangare guda kuwa, akwai al’amuran da intanet ta zo da su waɗanda suka kasance koma-baya ko cikas ga al’adu da kuma zamantakewa. Sun haɗa da satar bayanan sirri da yaɗa alfasha da mugun aiki da cusa miyagun aƙidu da makamantansu.

[9] A shekarar 2019, kafar intanet ɗin nan mai suna Sitatista da take adana bayanai dangane da kafafen intanet ta fitar da ƙididdigar ma’aikatan Fesbuk. Ta bayyana cewa, a shekarar 2018, ma’aikatan sun kai dubu ashirin da biyar da ɗari ɗaya da biyar (25,105). Ko bayan Fesbuk akwai manyan kafafen sada zumunta da suke da ɗimbin ma’aikata. Daga ciki har da Twitter da TikTok da makamantansu.

[10] Wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucen sun haɗa da na Baruah (2012) da Korkmaz et al. (2014) da Owusu-Acheaw & Larson (2015) da Siddiqui & Singh (2016) da Dansabe (2019).

[11] Makarantun da suka fara amfani da kafar sun haɗa da Columbia da Yale da Stanford (Ceci, 2019 SL. 2).