Illolin Shirin Game Duniya a Kan Sana’ar Sassaka a Kasar Hausa

Citation: Rabiu Aliyu RAMBO & Abdullahi SARKIN GULBI (2020). Illolin Shirin Game Duniya a Kan Sana’ar Sassaƙa a Ƙasar Hausa. Yobe Journal of Language, Literature and Culture (YOJOLLAC), Vol. .8 Department of African Languages and Linguistics, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria. ISSN 2449-0660

ILLOLIN SHIRIN GAME DUNIYA A KAN SANA’AR SASSAƘA A ƘASAR HAUSA

Dr. Rabiu Aliyu RAMBO

Dr. Abdullahi SARKIN GULBI

Tsakure

Shirin Game Duniya wani tsari ne da ya shafi wanzuwar kayayyakin masana’antu da fasahar ƙere-ƙere da fasahar sadarwa da samar da ayyuka da musayar al’adu da siyasa da tattalin arziki a tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa. Wannan shirin ya shafi haɗakar ƙasa da ƙasa ta yadda waɗannan muradu za su zama na bai ɗaya. Hasali wannan shirin ƙasashen yamma da Turai su ne suka assasa shi. A yau shirin game duniya (Globalization) babu kusurwar da bai shiga ya baje kolinsa ba a cikin al’amurran rayuwa na yau da kullum na al’ummar Hausawa ba. Don haka, fannin sana’o’in gargajiya na Hausawa musamman sana’ar sassaƙa a matsayin wani ɓangare na tattalin arzikinsu, wannan shirin bai bar ta a baya ba, sai da ya yi illa a kanta ta fuskoki daban-daban. Don haka, manufar wannan takarda ita ce, tattauna illolin da wannan shirin ya haifar ga koma bayan sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa. A ƙoƙarin haƙa ta cimma ruwa, takardar ta yi nazarin illolin ne ta fuskar kayan aikin sassaƙa da kayayyakin da masassaƙa kan samar da ɗabi’un masassaƙa. Duk waɗannan bincike an gudanar da su ne ta hanyar amfani da ɗakunan karatu da tattaunawa ta musamman da masu sana’ar domin tattaro bayanai. Haka takardar ta gina wannan bincike ne bisa ra’in shirin game duniya (Globalization theory). A hannu ɗaya kuma, takardar ta gano cewa, duk da irin illolin da wannan shirin na game duniya ya haifar ga sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa, takardar ta gano shirin ya taimaka wajen kawo ci gabanta ta wata fuskar samar da kayan aiki kamar injina da wasu sinadarai da masassaƙa kan yi amfani da su wajen aiwatar da sana’arsu.

1.0 Gabatarwa

Shirin game duniya shiri ne da ya shafi wanzuwar kayayyakin masana’antu da fasahar ƙere-ƙere da fasahar sadarwa ta zamani da samar da ayyuka da musayar al’adu da siyasa da tattalin arziki a tsakanin ƙasa da ƙasa. Tsarin Shirin game duniya tamkar wutar daji ce, da ta fara ci, sannan ba ta kasuwa, kuma ba a san inda za ta tsaya ba. Abin yau ya bayyana cewa, babu wani mutum ko iyali ko addini ko wasu rukunin al’umma da wannan tsarin bai shafa ba. Zailani, (2013, sh. 236) ya bayyana cewa, “Shirin game duniya yana ƙoƙarin ɗora komai na duniya ya zamo iri ɗaya (Hamogenisation), kuma a sami wani tsari ya danne wasu ya maye gurbinsu (Hagemonisation)”. Don haka, shirin ya yi tasiri ga al’amurran rayuwarmu na yau da kulum musamman abin da ya shafi kiwon lafiya da wanzuwar tattalin arziki da siyasa da ilimi da ɗabi’u da ƙere-ƙere da aikin soja da sauran ɓangarorin rayuwa baki ɗaya. Yakasai, (2012, sh. 116) ya bayyana cewa:

Tun a shekarun 1960 lokacin da lamarin zamanantar da duniya ya bayyana, masana suke kallon batun ta fuskoki mabambanta. Ga misali, a wani lokaci an yi amfani da lamarin zamanantar da duniya a matsayin hali ko tsari cikin yanayi a wani zamani. Duk da cewa ana danganta lamarin da haɗakar tattalin arzikin ƙasashen duniya domin inganta rayuwa, to batun ya kuma tattaro musayar basira, ilimi da kuma al’adu tsakanin al’ummu na ƙasashen duniya.

A yau wannan shirin ya haifar da damar samun bayanai ta hanyoyin sadarwa wanda ya taimaka wa ƙasashen da suka ci gaba da masu tasowa. Wannan ci gaban an same shi ne ta fannoni daban-daban wanda ya haɗa har da sha’anin sana’o’in Bahaushe. Ita kuwa sana’ar sassaƙa tsohuwar sana’a ce da ake aiwatarwa a ƙasar Hausa. Wannan sana’ar ta ƙunshi duk wani abin da aka sarrafa daga itace kamar allon karatu da turmi da mutum-mutumi. Haka kuma ta ƙunshi sarrafa itace domin aiwatar da ko samar da wasu abubuwan buƙatun al’umma.

A yau a bayyane take cewa, akwai ƙalubale da ke addabar al’ummomin duniya baki ɗaya, wannan ƙalubalen shi ne “Globalization” watau ƙoƙarin tsuke duniya ta zama kowa da kome ya zama kusa da juna. Wannan kusanci kuwa na faruwa ne ta hanyar intanet, domin shi ne ginshiƙin lamurran shirin game duniya.

 Sha’anin shirin game duniya an ƙarfafa shi da manufar kulawa da tattalin arziki da yanayin zamantakewa da al’adu da harshe da ilimi da samun ‘yanci na walwalar siyasa ga dukkan al’umma a duniya. Magoya bayan wannan shirin suna maraba da duk wani tsari da zai haifar da ci gaban kasuwanci da sadarwa da samar da haɗin kai mai nagarta a tsakanin al’umma ba tare da la’akari da yanki ko ƙasar da mutum ya fito ba. A hannu ɗaya, masu inkarin wannan shirin su na ganin wani sabon tsari ne na mulkin mallaka wanda ke ƙoƙarin ƙara wa mai ƙarfi ƙarfi, maras ƙarfi kuwa a ƙara danne shi. Duk yadda abin yake, shirin game duniya tabbatacce ne a yau, kuma ga dukkan alamu, shirin zai ci gaba da wanzuwa nan gaba.

Stiglitz, (2006, sh. 2) yana cewa, a yau duniya baki ɗaya tana cikin wani zamani da Turawa ke kira “Globalization” watau shirin game duniya. Lamarin zamanantar da duniya ko game duniya ya ƙunshi abubuwa da dama da suka haɗa da wanzuwar ilimi da musanyar al’adu da lamurran tattalin arziki da siyasa a tsakanin al’ummomi mabanbanta. Haka Bichi, (2014, sh. 94) yana ganin shirin game duniya tankar wani yanayi ne da ya kawo ci gaban hidimomin duniya baki ɗaya ta fannin fasahar sadarwa da al’adu da siyasa da aikin soja da ƙere ƙere da tattalin arziki da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, wasu masanan na ganin sha’anin game duniya ba wani abu ba ne illa batun da ya shafi haɗa sassan duniya wuri ɗaya ta hanyar fasahar zamani ta sadarwa da nufin kawo canji a tsakanin zamantakewar al’ummar duniya da siyasa da tattalin arziki da makamantansu. Ya ƙara da cewa, babbar manufar shirin game duniya ita ce, ta fito da nufin kawo sauyi (sabon tsari) a tattalin arzikin duniya. Dunfawa, (2013, sh. 775-782) ya bayyana manufofin ‘Shirin Dunƙule Duniya’ inda yake cewa:

Manufar shirin shi ne ya haɗe duniya ta zama tana biyar tsarin tattalin arziki ɗaya irin na ‘yan-jari-hujja. Haka kuma, tsarin siyasa da na zamantakewa da al’adu da ma na aƙida (idan zai yiwu) su zama bai ɗaya a duniya. Wannan tsari kodayake yanzu aka bayyanar da shi, amma daɗaɗɗen abu ne a cikin ajandar Turawa. Son aiwatar da wannan shiri ne ya haifar da mulkin mallaka a sassan duniya da dama, da ma wasu yaƙe-yaƙen duniya da aka gwabza domin tabbatar da wasu manufofi na dunƙule duniya.

Lamarin game duniya wadda ICT ta haifar a matsayin wata kafa da ake samun musayar ra’ayoyin jama’a ko kamfanoni ko gwamnatoccin ƙasashen duniya a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwar ɗan Adam domin samun ci gaban ƙasashen duniya baki ɗaya. Idan kuwa haka zancen yake, sha’anin game duniya na a matsayin wata hanya ta ƙoƙarin bunƙasa yanayin tattalin arziki da siyasa da yanayin zamantakewa da al’adu a tsakanin ƙasashen duniya.

A ra’ayin Rambo, (2014, sh. 6) cewa ya yi “Babbar manufar wannan ita ce, ƙoƙarin haɓaka yanayin rayuwar al’umma baki ɗaya, ta yadda za a ba ƙasashe masu raunin tattalin arziki damar hulɗa da ƙasashen waje masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki domin su shiga a dama da su”.

Akwai ƙarin bayani a ayyukan Adamu, (2011) da Muhammad, (2011) da Bichi, (2012) da (2013) da Usman (2013).

Ko shakka babu, wannan shirin ya haifar da bunƙasar tattalin arziki da raya al’adun al’umma. A wani bincike, Aina, (2013, sh. 248) ta rawaito Giddens, (1990) da Tombason, (1999) da Bangu (2000) suna ganin hanyar sadarwa ta zamani (ICT) wata babbar kafa ce da ake samun haɗaka da haɓaka sauran ƙasashen duniya a lamurran yau da kullum.

1.1 Hasashen Bincike

Takardar na hasashen soboda manufar shirin game duniya (globalization) nan gaba sana’ar sassaƙa irin ta tunanin Bahaushe za ta ƙaranta sosai koma ta gushe baki ɗaya a ƙasar Hausa.

2.0 Sassaƙa

Masana da dama sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu tare da kawo ra’ayoyi makusanta juna dangane ma’anar sassaƙa. A misali, Zarruk da wasu, (1987, sh. 54) sun bayyana cewa:

Aikin masassaƙi dai shi ne sarar itace da sarrafa itacen ta hure shi domin aikatar da shi zuwa dukkanin irin abubuwan da ake buƙata. Misali ta irin wannan ne ake samar da kayan aikin gida kamar turmi da taɓarya. Masassaƙa ne ke samar da turmi da akushi da taɓarya da kuyafa. Sannan sukan sassaƙa kujerar zama ta mata zuwa su ƙotar fartanya da dai sauransu.

Bisa ga wannan ma’anar a iya cewa, Sassaƙa ita ce aikin da ake yi domin samar da kayan amfani musamman kayan aikin noma da suka haɗa da ƙotar gatari da kalme da kuma kayan aikin gida da suka haɗa da kujerar zama ta mata da akushi da sauransu, kuma ana sarrafa su ne da itace. A CNHN, (2006, sh. 393) an bayyana ma’anar sassaƙa da “Abin da aka sarrafa daga itace kamar allo da turmi da mutum-mutumi, sana’ar sassaƙa sana’a ce ta sarrafa itace don samar da surori”.

A ra’ayin Wushishi, (2011, sh. 24) cewa ya yi: “Sana’ar sassaƙa aiki ne na hure ice da aiwatar da shi don a mayar da shi wani abin amfani kamar jirgin ruwa da kujera da kyaure da turmi da taɓarya da akushi da suransu”. Wannan ra’ayin yana nuni da cewa, sassaƙa sana’a ce ta sarrafa itace. Haka Alhassan da wasu, (1982, sh. 54) a cikin nasu littafin suna da ra’ayin cewa: “Sassaƙa na nufin sarar itace da sarrafa itacen ta hure shi domin aikatar da shi zuwa dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata”. A nan wannan ma’anar tana ƙoƙarin bayanin cewa, sassaƙa sana’a ce da ake sarrafa itace domin samar da wani abin buƙata na yau da kullum ga al’umma. Har wa yau a cikin wani rubutun Alhassan da wasu, (1980, sh. 41) sun ƙara bayyana ma’anar sassaƙa da cewa: “Sana’ar sassaƙa sana’a ce da ake hure ice a mayar da shi abin amfani, kamar jirgin ruwa ko kujera ko kwacciyar sirdi ko takalmin ɗangarafai ko allo ko mutum- mutumi da makamantansu”. Duba daga wannan ma’anar za a ga duk dai maganar sarrafa itace zuwa wasu abubuwan amfani ma’anar ta ƙunsa.

Bisa ga waɗannan ra’ayoyi na masana dangane da ma’anar, ana iya cewa sana’ar sassaƙa wata sana’a ce da ake aiwatarwa ta amfani da sarrafa itace zuwa wasu abubuwan buƙatocin al’umma na yau da gobe musamman abin da ya shafi kayan aikin gida da sufuri da yaƙi da kiɗa da aikin gona da dai wasu buƙatocin al’ummar Hausawa na musamman.

Don haka, takardar ta himmatu wajen tattauna illolin da wannan shirin ya haifar ga sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa. A nan, takardar ta yi bayanin illolin shirin ta fuskar kayan aikin sassaƙa da kayayyakin da masassaƙa suke samarwa da su kansu masassaƙa. A hannu ɗaya, takardar ta yi tsokaci a kan wasu daga cikin muhimmancin shirin game duniya ga sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa a yau.

3.0 Dabarun Bincike da Ra’in Bincike

A ƙoƙarin gudanar da wannan bincike, an yi amfani ɗakunan karatu ta yin nazarin waɗansu littattafai da muƙalu waɗanda aka buga da waɗanda ba a buga ba domin samo bayanai masu dangantaka da wannan bincike. Daga cikinsu akwai Bichi, (2014) da Daura, (2013) da Dunfawa, (2013) da Yola, (2014) da Zailani, (2013) da Nsibimbi, (2001) da sauransu. Haka an yi amfani da dabarar tattaunawa da wasu masassaƙa domin jin ra’ayoyinsu dangane da canje-canjen da zamani ya haifar ga sana’arsu.

3.1 Ra’in Bincike:

Wannan binciken an gina shi bisa ra’in “Globalisation Theory” (Shirin Game Duniya). Masu rajin wannan ra’in irin su Shiɓa (2004) da Skelton, da Allen (1999) da Obioha, (2010) suna ganin shirin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen dunƙule duniya da kawo sauye-sauyen ci gaban zamani daga wannan sashe na duniya zuwa wancan. Chamo, (2014, sh. 75) ya nuna cewa, a waɗannan sauye-sauyen zamani, an samu wanzuwan al’adun ƙasashen yamma zuwa wasu sassan duniya kamar yadda na sauran sassan duniya suka watsu a ƙasashen yamma. Don haka, a yau ci gaban da aka samu ta fuskar ƙere-ƙere da fasahar sadarwa ta zamani su ne kanwa uwar gamin assasa wannan ra’in. Bisa ga haka, takardar ta zaɓi amfani da wannan ra’in Shirin Game Duniya (globalization theory) ne ganin yadda fasahar ƙere-ƙere da sadarwa ta zamani suka yi tasiri ga sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa.

 

4.0 Illolin Shirin Game Duniya A Kan Sana’ar Sassaƙa

Bisa ga waɗannan dalilai na manufar wannan shirin, ko shakka babu, sha’anin sana’ar sassaƙa wannan guguwar ba ta bar ta a baya ba, sai da shirin ya shiga ya yi ruwa ya yi tsaki a fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi sana’ar sassaƙa. A wannan sashen an yi ƙoƙarin tattauna abubuwan da suka shafi sauye-sauyen da sana’ar ta samu ta fuskar kayan aikinta, da kayayyakin da sana’ar kan samar da su kansu masu sana’ar da sauran ɓangarori da dama da suka shafi sana’ar sassaƙa musamman a ƙasar Hausa. Don haka, binciken ya yi ƙoƙarin nazarin wasu daga cikin illolin da wannan shirin ya haifar a wannan haujin musamman abin da ya shafi ci gaban sana’ar a ƙasar Hausa. Haka, binciken ya yi nazarin wasu daga cikin nasarorin da ake ganin shirin ya haifar ga sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa.

4.1 Illolin Shirin Game Duniya ta Fuskar Kayan Aikin Sassaƙa a Ƙasar Hausa

Kamar yadda wani karin maganan Hausa ke cewa, “Idan kiɗa ya canza dole rawa ya canza”. Kuma “Barewa ba ta gudu ɗan ta ya yi rarrahe”. Wannan shiri ya kawo illa ga sha’anin kayan aikin da masassaƙa ke amfani da su wajen aiwatar da sana’arsu ta sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa. A yau a bayyane yake cewa, an samu fasahar ƙere-ƙeren zamani da ta haifar da sabbin kayan aiki irin na zamani domin aiwatar da sana’ar ta fuskoki daban-daban. A yau za a ga amfani da gatari wurin saro itacen da za a yi amfani da shi wurin sassaƙa ya zama ko yana son ya zama tsohon yayi. A yanzu wasu daga cikin masassaƙan na amfani da injin na yankan itace wanda wannan shirin ya haifar da samuwarsa. Amfani da waɗannan injuna kuwa, ya haifar da watsi da gatari wajen samo itacen da suke sassaƙe-sassaƙen da su domin samar wa al’umma abubuwan da suke buƙata. Duk da yake, waɗannan injina suna samar da itatuwan cikin sauri da sauƙi, ta yadda idan da gatari masassaƙi zai yi amfani, wannan zai ɗauke shi dogon lokaci kafin ya iya sare iccen. Yola, (2014, sh. 50-514) tana cewa:

“Zamani ya zo da ƙarin abubuwa da ake amfani da su wajen aiwatar da wannan sana’a ta sassaƙa kamar injin yankan itace da kuma ‘yan ƙananan injin da ake amfani da su wajen kankare da fiƙe itatuwa domin yin abin da ake buƙata”.

Wannan bayani na ƙara tabbatar da cewa, a yau an samu injina daban-daban da masassaƙa za su iya amfani da su wajen yanka da fiƙan kayan sassaƙarsu a maimakon amfani da gizago ko mahuri da sauransu. Haka kuma, a yau an samu ci gaban kasuwanci ta yadda masassaƙa ba sai sun tafi daji neman itace ba, saboda yawaitar sana’o’i, an samu masu sana’ar yanko itacen da suke buƙata domin gudanar da sana’arsu. Wannan kuwa ya taimaka musu wajen rage wahalar neman itacen a daji.

Haka shirin ya haifar da samuwar wasu kayayyakin aiki da suka haɗa da ‘crawler crane’ maimakon amfani da ‘matari’ ko ‘atanda’ ko ‘antari’ ko ‘bakin aku’ a gargajiyance. Amfanin wannan ‘crane’ musamman ga masassaƙa jirgin ruwa na itace shi ne, kama itacen jirgin da ake sassaƙa ta yadda ba zai iya motsawa ba. Wannan fasahar kuwa, duk ƙere-ƙeren zamani ne ya haifar da ita. Haka a yau, shirin ya haifar da samuwar amfani da injimin washi da zarto ko magagari maimakon dutsin washi da ake amfani da shi wurin wasa kayan aikin masassaƙa a gargajiyance. Ba wannan kaɗai ba, a yau masassaƙa na amfani da ‘samp paper’ (wata takarda ta guga) da ‘smoother’ (‘smut’) domin goge kayan sassaƙarsu, a maimakon amfani da tukar sassaƙa da masassaƙa ke amfani da ita a gargajiyance. Baya wannan, a yau shirin ya samar da nau’ukan injina masu ɗimbin yawa da ake amfani da su wajen gugan itace ta yadda wani lokaci mutum ma ba zai iya gane wannan ice ne ba, saboda tsananin gugar da aka yi masa, ya yi kyau da ban sha’awa sosai. Haka a yau masassaƙa na amfani da ‘chiseal’ (‘cizal’) da ‘sƙuare’ (‘sikwaya’) da ‘ƙusa’ da ‘kwanfiresa’ da ‘tape-line’ da ‘hammer’ duk domin aiwatar da ayyukan sassaƙa. Haka a yau, fasahar ta samar da ‘top-bond’, wani farin ruwan danƙo mai kama da ƙullun koko (kunu) wanda ake shafa wa itace a tsakaninsa da wani ice domin ya liƙe. Ta fuskar ‘basharta’ kuwa wadda masassaƙa kan yi amfani da ita wajen zanen abubuwan da suka sassaƙa, a yau fasahar ƙere-ƙere ta samar da wuƙaƙen zane-zane daban-daban da masassaƙa za su iya amfani da su ta wannan haujin cikin sauƙi da sauri. Duk waɗannan illoli ne ga sana’ar gargajiya ta sassaƙa domin sun tauye amfani tsoffin kayakin sassaƙa an koma ga na zamani.

Haka kuma, wata illa da shirin ya haifar ita ce ta fuskar sha’anin itatuwan da ake amfani da su wajen aiwatar da sana’ar, sun samu kutsen wannan shirin matuƙa. A yanzu, saboda wannan tsarin ba kowane daji masassaƙi zai iya zuwa ba domin saran itacen sassaƙa. Domin a yau, daraja da ƙima ta itace ta samu ɗaukaka ta yadda ba kasafai ake barin a sari itatuwa hakanan barkatai ba, kamar yadda ake saran su a da ba tare da sharaɗi ba. Wannan kuwa a bayyane yake idan aka dubi yadda hukumomi suka sanya dokoki na musamman da suka yi hani ga saran itatuwa musamman masu ‘ya’ya. Saboda ƙarfafa kulawa da dazuzzuka, a yau hukuma ta sanya ma’aikatan daji (Malamam daji) da za su kula da dokokin gandun daji a ƙasar Hausa. Duk da yake wannan ya taimaka wajen hana kwararowar hamada, amma ya yi tarnaƙi ga walwalar masassaƙa na saran itacen da suka ga dama domin aiwatar da sana’arsu. Wannan kuwa duk shirin game duniya ya haifar da shi.

4.2 Illolin Shirin Game Duniya ta Fuskar Kayan da Masassaƙa Kan Samar a Ƙasar

 Hausa

Duba daga yanaye-yanaye da sigogin kayayyakin sassaƙa da masassaƙa kan samar a ƙasar Hausa, idan aka yi nazarin su za a ga cewa, shirin ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kawo sauye-sauye da dama ta wannan fuskar. A bisa ga wannan ne, nazarin ya yi duba dangane da irin illolin da wannan shirin ya yi ga wasu daga cikin kayayyakin da masassaƙa kan samar a ƙasar Hausa. Waɗannan kayayyakin kuwa sun haɗa da na aikin gida da na sufuri da na aikin gona da na kayan kiɗa da yaƙi ko farauta da dai wasu kayayyaki na musamman da masassaƙa kan samar a gargajiyance a ƙasar Hausa.

Ta fuskar kayayyakin aikin gida, a yau za a ga cewa, waɗannan kayayyaki sun samu sauyi a sanadiyar wannan shiri. Wannan kuwa ya faru ne saboda shigowar wasu kayayyakin zamani da suka jiɓanci turame da taɓaren sanholama da ake amfani da su a yau, don haka amfani da turame da taɓaren itace sun samu sauyi ta wannan haujin. Haka amfani da injuna manya da ƙananansu wajen surfa ko markaɗe an maye gurbin amfani da turame da taɓare a mafi yawan gidajen Hausawa a yau, musamman waɗanda ke zaune a maraya (birane). Bayan wannan, kujerun zama na mata da kujerun zama na maza (kujerar gwado) ta itace, duk waɗannan sun samu sauye-sauye a wannan zamani. A yau, za a tarar an maye gurbin waɗannan kujerun da na roba ko ƙarfe wanda fasahar ƙere-ƙere ta haifar. Haka idan aka dubi kayayyakin sassaƙa da suka shafi akushi da kuyafa da ludayi da koshiya da sa’in awo da mudunnabi na zakka da sauransu, duk waɗannan ana amfani da itace ne wajen sarrafa su a jiya, a yau kuma duk an fara musanya su da na zamani waɗanda aka sarrafa daga roba ko ƙarafa ko sanholama.

Duk waɗannan sauye-sauyen da aka samu sun ƙara sa al’ummar Hausawa watsi da irin kayayyakin da masassaƙa kan samar da suka jiɓanci waɗannan kayayyaki suka koma ga na sanholama ko roba ko ƙarfe. Wannan kuwa ya yi illa ga bunƙasar na itace ƙasar Hausa.

Duba daga misalan da aka gabatar a nan, za a fahinci sha’anin shirin game duniya ya kawo sauyi ga kayayyakin amfanin gida da masassaƙa kan samar ga al’ummar Hausawa a ƙasar Hausa. Haka a yau, zamani ya zo da zane-zanen kayan sassaƙa ta yadda za su ƙara zama gwanin ban sha’awa.

Har wa yau, shirin ya kawo sauye-sauye ta ɓangaren kayan sufuri da masassaƙa kan samar ta amfani da itace. Baya ga irin sauye-sauyen da aka samu dangane yanayi da siffar kwale-kwalen (jirgin ruwa na itace) da aka samu musamman ta amfani da falanki (flank) wanda ake yankowa daga daji, a yau an samu fasahar sanya wa waɗannan kwale-kwale injin na zamani da za a yi amfani da su domin zirga-zirga a cikin ruwa. Wannan kuwa ya maye gurbin amfani jirgin abara da fila-filin itace da aka saba amfani da su a baya. Bugu da ƙari, fasahar ƙere-ƙeren ta samar da jiragen ruwa na zamani masu sauƙin gudanarwa da saurin biyan buƙata fiye da na itace da aka saba amfani da su a gargajiyance. Su kuwa waɗannan jiragen an samar da su ne ta amfani da roba ko ƙarfe, waɗanda ake ganin sun fi ƙarƙo da jure wa ruwa da zafin rana. Haka idan aka dubi ƙafar guragu da amalanke da masassaƙa kan samar a baya ta amfani da itace, dukkan waɗannan a yau, shirin game duniya ya maye gurbinsu da na zamani ta amfani da keken guragu ko motoci domin zirga-zirga.

Ta fuskar kayan aikin gona kuwa, duk da yake har yanzu ana amfani da kayayyakin aikin gona irin na gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa, amma duk da haka, bai hana a samu wasu sauye-sauye da wannan shirin ya haifar ba a wannan haujin. Misali a yau za a ga amfani da kayan aiki irin na gargajiya kamar su gatari da fartanya da kalme da garma da sauransu, duk suna neman su zama tsohon yayi wajen aikin gona a wannan zamani. Don haka yawaitar sassaƙe-sassaƙen waɗannan kayan aikin gona ya ƙaranta saboda wannan dalili. A yau a bayyane yake cewa, sha’anin noma ya koma irin na zamani, don haka, an samar da motocin noma na zamani da ba sai an yi amfani da fartanya ko gatari ko makamancinsu ba wajen aikin gona. Haka an samar da magungunan feshi na kashe haki da ƙwari ya bar yabanya kawai a cikin gona. Don haka, amfani da ƙotoci domin aikin gona ya ƙaranta a wannan haujin. Bayan haka, a yau ana samun wasu ƙotoci da aka yi da ƙarfe maimakon na itace da aka saba amfani da su a baya. Duk da yake, har yanzu ana amfani da waɗannan ƙotoci a mafi yawan sassan ƙasar Hausa, sai dai na zamani sun fara tasiri a kan na gargajiya. Duk waɗannan sauye-sauyen kayan aikin gona sun kawo illa da rage karsashin kayan sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa.

A ɓangaren kayan kiɗa kuwa, shirin game duniya bai bar wannan sashen a baya ba sai da ya kutsa ya yi ruwa da tsaki a cikinsa. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, masassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa sun taimaka wajen kammaluwar da yawa daga cikin kayan kiɗansu da suka haɗa da rukunin ganguna da izga da busawa da na girgizawa. A yau shirin ya shigo da sabbin kayan kiɗa kamar su fiyano da al’ummar Hausawa suka raja’a wurin amfani da su a maimakon waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a gargajiyance. Aukuwar wannan ya haifar da giɓi musamman ga samun yawaitar irin waɗannan kayan kiɗa na gargajiya.

Ta fuskar kayan yaƙi ko farauta da masassaƙa kan samar a ƙasar Hausa kuwa, wannan shirin bai bar su a baya ba sai da ya yi illa a kan su. A yau za a ga amfani da ƙolo ko gora ko adda ko kwari da baka da sauran nau’ukan kayan farauta ko na yaƙi da aka sarrafa wani sashe nasu da itace a gargajiyance, kuma ake amfani da su a baya, kamar bindiga, a yau duk waɗannan sun zama tsohon yayi. Fasahar ƙere-ƙere ta maye gurbinsu da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu da jiragen yaƙi daban-daban har ma da waɗanda ba su da matuƙa. Samuwar wannan ya sa mun yi watsi da na gargajiya.

Baya ga wannan, idan aka dubi wasu kayayyaki na musamman da masassaƙa kan samar a ƙasar Hausa kamar dangarafai da allunan karatu da akushi. A yau za a ga wasunsu sai dai tarihi, domin tuni zamani ya zo da wasu sabbin abubuwa da za su maye gurbin waɗannan kayan aiki. A yau an maye gurbin allon karatu a mafi yawan makarantun islamiyya a ƙasar Hausa da litattafai. Shi kuwa takalmin dangarafai kusan a ce sai dai tarihi. Ƙyauren ƙofa kuwa, an maye gurbinsu da na ƙarafa ko ‘flash door’ (ƙofar itace ta zamani). Duk samuwar waɗannan sun kawo cikas ko naƙasu ga ci gaban sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa.

A ƙarshe, duba daga zantukan da aka tattauna a sama, za a fahimci lamarin shirin game duniya ya kawo illoli sosai dangane da nau’ukan kayayyakin da masassaƙa kan samar a ƙasar Hausa musamman waɗanda suka shafi kayayyakin aikin gida da gona da sufuri da kiɗa da yaƙi ko farauta da wasu kayayyaki na musamman.

4.3 Illolin Shirin Game Duniya a Kan ɗabi’un Masassaƙa a Ƙasar Hausa

Bayan ɗimbin illolin da shirin ya haifar ta fuskar kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin da masassaƙa kan samar a kasar Hausa, wannan shirin har wa yau, ya haifar da illa ga su kansu masu aiwatar da sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa. Wannan kuwa a bayyane yake idan aka yi duba ga waɗannan dalilai kamar haka:

Wani sauye-sauye da wannan shirin ya haifar a kan masassaƙa shi ne ta fuskar ɗabi’unsu da al’adunsu har ma da tsarin tunaninsu.

Haka zamani ya zo da kowa ba ya son aikin wahala, don haka a maimakon masassaƙa su rinƙa shiga daji saran itacen da suke buƙata yanzu sai dai su sayi itacen a kasuwa sannan su sarrafa abin da suke buƙata. Wannan ya haifar da rashin ingantattun kayan da ake sassaƙawa masu nagarta domin rashin ingancin itacen kasuwa. Haka kuma, yawaitar jama’a a duniya da rashin aikin yi, zamani ya tilasta wasu waɗanda ba su gadi sana’ar ba shiga cikinta. Duk da yake shigowarsu ba illa ce ba, amma illar ita ce ba su tsaya suka koyi sana’ar ba, ta yadda sukan samar da kayan sassaƙa marasa inganci saboda rashin ƙwarewa.

Ta fuskar magungunan da masassaƙa kan samar kuwa, wannan shirin sai da ya yi illa a kansu. A yau za a ga saboda sauyin zamani, masassaƙa sun fara daina amfani da magungunansu na gargajiya, wanda a zahiri ba ƙaramar gudummawa suke bayarwa ba ta fannin kiwon lafiya musamman a ƙasar Hausa. Har ta kai mafi yawan masassaƙa a yau sun koma amfani da magungunan zamani, duk da yake wannan ba illa ce ba, amma watsi da na gargajiya shi ne illar. Hasali ma, ai magungunan zamani asalinsu daga na gargajiya ne.

Bisa ga bayanan da suka gabata, idan aka yi nazarin su, za a ga cewa, ko tambaba babu, shirin game duniya ya yi illa sosai ga ci gaban sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa musamman ta la’akari da irin koma-bayan da aka samu da ya jiɓanci kayan aikinsu da kayan da suke samarwa da su kansu masassaƙa.

Har wa yau, a hannu ɗaya shirin ya haifar da wasu illoli da ake ganin sun kawo tarnaƙi ga bunƙasar sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa. Bichi, (2014, sh. 96) ya nuna cewa:

Globalization has impacted negatiɓely on our traditional ɓalues and system. For eɗample, it is belieɓed that as culture interacts, some get changed or destroyed at the eɗpences of others. In addition, negatiɓe ɓalues are also spread all oɓer the world without any hindrance.

Shirin dunƙule duniya ya yi mummunan illa ga ɗabi’ummu da tsarin rayuwarmu. Ga misali, akwai tabbacin cewa, idan aka samu cuɗanya ta al’adu, wasu kan sauya ko su ɓata baki ɗaya a cikin wasu al’adun, munanan ɗabi’u suna watsuwa a dukkan sassan duniya ba tare da tarnaƙi ba.                                       (Fassarar mai bincike)

Duk da yake, su Turawa wannan gaba ta kai su domin dama wannan yana cikin manufarsu ta cusa ɗabi’unsu ga sauran al’ummun sassan duniya, amma a hannu ɗaya wannan koma baya ne ga al’ummarmu.

A nan, duba daga irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen da shirin ya haifar, wannan nazarin ya yi duba ne dangane da wasu daga cikin waɗannan illoli da suka haɗa da: Samuwar wasu sabbin kayayyakin aiki da kayayyakin da aka samar da haɗarin faɗawa hannun ‘yan zamba cikin aminci (419) da halin kowa tasa ta fid da shi da sauransu.

A yau, za a ga duk da irin ci gaban da wannan shirin ya haifar ta fuskar yawaitar wasu kayan aikin masassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa, wannan shirin ya haifar da illa wajen rage amfani da kayayyakin sassaƙa na gargajiya. Domin kuwa waɗannan kayayyaki na zamani da suka haɗa da injinan yankan itace da wuƙaƙen sassaƙa da na fira sun sanya an kusa mantawa da na gargajiya. Aukuwar wannan kuwa a cikin al’umma na nuna cewa, al’ummar za ta bar nata su salwanta, salwantarsu kuwa ba ƙaramar illa ne ga al’umma ba, domin Hausawa na cewa “Kowa ya bar gida, gida ya bar shi”.

Bayan wannan, shirin ya samar da kayayyakin da masassaƙa kan samar na zamani, waɗanda ba da itace aka sarrafa su ba kuma sun fi sauƙin gudanarwa. Ire-iren waɗannan kayayyaki sun haɗa da jirgin ruwa na roba ko na ƙarfe da kujerun zama da gadaje da kayakin kiɗa na zamani da sauransu. Samuwar waɗannan kayayyaki ya haifar da rashin yawaitar amfani da na gargajiya wanda ya kawo rashin kasuwa ga masassaƙan gargajiya. Haka idan aka koma ga fasahar sanya wa jiragen ruwan injin da akan yi, wannan bincike ya gano yana kawo cikas wurin wayaitar kifayen da akan kama a lokacin gudanar da kamun kifi domin ƙarar injinan yana korar kifayen. Wannan kuwa illa ce babba ga masunta. Ta fuskar kayan kiɗan Hausawa kuwa, wannan shirin ya kawo tarnaƙi ga amfani da kayan kiɗa irin na gargajiya da masassaƙa kan samar. Domin a yanzu an koma ga amfani da na zamani. Bichi, (2014, sh. 96) ya bayyana cewa:

…these praise singers currently use modern musical instruments to accompany their songs such as the guitar, piano, saɗophone, etc instead of using the traditional instruments as used by their predecessors.

 … waɗannan mawaƙa na amfani da kayan kiɗan zamani a wurin aiwatar da waƙoƙinsu kamar su jita da fiyano da sauransu, a maimakon amfani da kayan kiɗa na gargajiya waɗanda suka gada tun kaka da kakanni. (Fassarar mai bincike)

Ko shakka babu, wannan ci gaban mai ginan rijiya ya haifar da masassaƙa da dama sun daina sassaƙa kayan kiɗa domin rashin yawaitar masu amfani da su.

 Wata babbar illa da wannan shirin ya haifar ga masassaƙa ita ce yiyuwar haɗuwa da ‘yan ‘419’ (‘yan dammfara) wurin hulɗar ciniki ta amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani. Muhammad, (2014:12) ya bayyana cewa:

Sakamakon wannan ci gaban mai haƙin rijiya ko ci gaban sarkin baka, yanzu ƙaruwa ake samu na miyagun ɗabi’u da suka saɓa wa addini da al’adun Hausa ta wajen bayyana tsiraici da fasiƙanci iri-iri, da sata da fashi, da shan giya ƙwaya da sauran kayan maye, da caca da tsananin son abin duniya da damfara da zamba cikin aminci (419).

A nan, ganin cewa masassaƙa kamar sauran masu sana’o’i a ƙasar Hausa, sukan yi amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani domin tallar hajarsu. Wani lokaci sukan iya cin karo da masu wannan mummunar ɗabi’a ta damfara a cikin al’umma. Idan kuwa haka ta kasance, an yi wa mutum sakiyar da ba ruwa, domin da wuya dukiyarsa ta fito. Don haka, wannan shirin ya kawo matsaloli a wannan haujin.

Har wa yau, wata illa da wannan shirin ya haifar ga masassaƙa ita ce ta ɓangaren ƙyakkyawan zumuncin da aka san masassaƙa da shi a baya. Ganin wannan shirin an tsara shi ne ta yadda za a ƙara wa mai ƙarfi ƙarfi, maras ƙarfi kuwa a ƙara danne shi ta yadda zai matsu ya bi manufofin wannnan shirin sau-da-ƙafa. Wannan shirin ya haifar da rashin ingantaccen zumunci a tsakanin masassaƙa da aka san su da shi can baya. Domin a yau, shirin ya zo da tsarin kowa tasa ta fid da shi. A yau irin zumuntar da aka san masassaƙa da ita, musamman wajen taimakon juna idan wani biki ya samu ɗan’uwansu na haihuwa ko aure ko wata hidima ta daban, za a tarar taimakon da suke wa junansu bai taka kara ya karya ba, kai har ta kai wani lokaci ko halartar wurin bikin wasu ba su yi, kuma ba tare da wani ƙwaƙƙwaran dalili ba. Dunfawa, (2013:780) ya bayyana cewa:

Nuna so da ƙauna ga ɗan uwa da kai masa ziyara da kula da lamurran ɗan uwa saboda Allah suna cikin abin da ake kira zumunci. Tsarin dunƙule duniya ya bi ta kan wannan ya darzaje shi. Mutane kaɗan ne ke kula da zumunci yadda ya dace da shari’a. Talaka bai zuwa ga ɗan uwansa mai hali sai don kwaɗayin abin hannunsa, shi kuwa mai akwai ba ya ƙaunar ɗan uwansa talaka ya dame shi da yawan zuwa domin ɗan abin da zai riƙa ba shi.

 

Haka kuma, irin bukukuwan da ake aiwatarwa na masassaƙa tuni aka fara watsi da su a ƙasar Hausa. Su kuwa irin waɗannan wurare na bukukuwa wuri ne da ake ƙara danƙon zumunci da fahintar juna tare da tattauna matsalolin da suka shafi masassaƙa da ma sauran al’umma baki- ɗaya. Wannan kuwa, tsarin jari-hujja ne ya haifar da wannan a cikin al’ummar Hausawa musamman masassaƙa da ake nazarinsu, su kuwa manufofin jari-hujja, shirin game duniya ne ya haifar da sua cikin al’ummar Hausawa.

5.0 Kammalawa

Duba daga tattaunawar da wannan takarda ta yi, takardar ta gano cewa, shirin game duniya ya haifar da illoli masu yawa wurin bunƙasa sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa, musamman abin da ya shafi kayan aikin sassaƙa da kayayyakin da sana’ar kan samar ga al’umma da kuma ta fuskar su kansu masassaƙan. Domin a yau Hausawa sun kasa haɓaka irin nasu tunani ta yadda za su kawo sababbin fasahohi a sana’ar ta yadda zasu yi kafaɗa da kafaɗa da na Turawa. A maimakon haka sai suka yi watsi da nasu suka rungumi na Turawa. Haka takarar ta gano wasu abubuwa masu muhimmanci da wannan shirin ya haifar ga masu sana’ar sassaƙa a ƙasar Hausa. Daga cikinsu kuwa har da samuwar injuna na yankan itace da wuƙaƙen fere-fere da sinadarin da akan shafa wa itace domin ya ƙara inganci da ƙulla kasuwanci da sauran sassan duniya ta hanyar amfani da intanet da dai sauransu da dama. A ƙarshe takardar na ganin cewa, a yau, sana’ar sassaƙa na fuskantar ƙalubalen shirin game duniya, ta yadda takardar ke ganin nan gaba sana’ar na iya gushewa. A yau mun kasa gane ta ina za mu fara, mu ci gashin kanmu, saboda har yanzu tankar muna cikin mulkin mallakan Turawa, mun tura musu tattalin arzikinmu muna karɓo kayayyakinsu da kanmu kamar ma ba su tafi ba. Ta ina za a fara, yaushe za a daina. Fuskantar wannan ƙakubale kuwa sai an haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfe tsakanin hukuma da sauran ɗaiɗaikun al’umma domin ganin an kare sana’ar daga durƙushewa, domin ganin irin barazanar da shirin game duniya ke yi wa sana’ar na ƙoƙarin kau da ita a doron ƙasa baki ɗaya.

Bisa ga hasashen wannan takarda, ko shakka babu, idan aka dubi irin kutsen da wannan shirin ya haifar ga sassƙar gargajiya ta Bahaushe, za a fahimci shirin ya yi illa matuƙa ga koma bayan sana’anar, musamman ganin yadda a yanzu aka fara watsi da kayayyakin sassaƙa na gargajiya aka maye gurbinsu da na zamani wanda wannan shirin ya haifar.

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