Hantsi Leka Gidan Kowa: Nazarin Rubuce-Rubucen Hausa a Jikin Abubuwan Hawa a Gari Minna

Cite this article as: Umar A. & Yahaya A. M. (2025). Hantsi Leƙa Gidan Kowa: Nazarin Rubuce-Rubucen Hausa a Jikin Abubuwan Hawa a Gari Minna. Zamfara International Journal of Humanities,3(2), 80-83.www.doi.org/10.36349/zamijoh.2025.v03i02.009

HANTSI LEƘA GIDAN KOWA: NAZARIN RUBUCE-RUBUCEN HAUSA A JIKIN ABUBUWAN HAWA A GARI MINNA 

Abdullahi Umar PhD
Hausa Department
Fati Lami Abubakar Institute for Legal and Administrative Studies, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria

Da

Amina Mustapha Yahaya PhD

Hausa Department
Fati Lami Abubakar Institute for Legal and Administrative Studies, Minna,
Niger State, Nigeria

Tsakure: Wannan aiki mai taken Hantsi Leƙa Gidan Kowa: Nazarin Rubuce-Rubucen Hausa a Jikin Abubuwan Hawa a Gari Minna, ya yi nazari ne a kan yadda ake amfani da harshen Hausa a jikin abubuwan hawa wajen isar da saƙonni daban-daban a garin Minna. Aikin ya yi nazarin irin ci gaba da bunƙasa da wannan harshe yake samu a sanadiyyar waɗannan rubuce-rubuce. Harshen ya samu karɓuwa sosai a gun al’ummar wannan gari, inda har al’adu da adabin wannan harshe na Hausa shi ma ya ci gajiyar wannan tsari. Manufar wannan ta haɗa da tattaro wasu daga cikin ire-iren waɗannan rubuce-rubuce, tare da yin nazarin ma’anarsu da fage da da kuma irin gudummawar da sukr bayarwa, wajen haɓɓaka harshen Hausa da al’adunta. An yi amfani da hanyoyin hira da direbobin abubuwan hawa masu ɗauke da rubuce-rubuce da kuma wasu al’ummar waɗanna gari, domin gano irin rawar da rubuce-rubucen ke takawa. An gano lallai rubuce-rubucen na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fito da wannan harshe tare da yaɗa al’adunta, har ma da, haɗa kawunan al’umma, domin ta hanyar fahimtar harshen kan haifar da soyayya da fahimtar al’adun juna, ga al’ummar duniya baki ɗaya, musamman mazauna garuruwa da ke da ire-iren waɗannan rubuce-rubuce.

1.0 Gabatarwa

Nazarin harshe a kowace al’umma ta duniya ba al’umma Hausawa kawai ba ya shafi ɓangarori guda uku (3) ne waɗanda suka haɗa da; nazarin harshe shi kansa da nazarin adabin al’ummar da kuma nazarin al’adunsa. Waɗannan hanyoyi guda uku suna haɓaka ne tare da ci gaba ta hanyar sadarwa, shi kuwa sadarwa baya bunƙasa sai an sami hanyoyin adana shi. Rubutu yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyi da harshe da adabi da kuma al’adun al’umma suke tunƙaho da su. Kamar yadda aka sani ne harshen Hausa Allah ya yi masa baiwa na waɗannan abubuwa da ya bambanta shi da sauran harsuna, daga cikin su akwai sauƙin fahimta ga sauƙin sarrafawa da sauƙin yaɗuwa da kuma sauƙin biyan buƙatu da suka taso daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A wannan takarda an yi magana ne a kan Haɓɓakan harshen Hausa: Nazarin Gundunmawar Rubuce-Rubuce a Jikin Abubuwan Hawa a garin Minna. Wannan nazari ya taƙaita ne a cikin garin Minna, kamar yadda kowanne garin ake samun masu abubuwan hawa da suke yin rubuce-rubuce a jikin abubuwan hawansu, to, haka ma abin yake a garin Minna. Masu abubuwan hawa suna yin rubuce-rubuce waɗanda suke isar da saƙo ga al’umma musamman abokan sana’a. Alal misali “kowa ya yi nagari don kansa” wasu kuwa suna yin rubutun ne domin inkiya alal misali “Dodon hanya” da “Babban direba” wasu kuma suna yi ne domin faɗakarwa, alal misali “Rayuwa ba tabbas” da Nagari Nakowa. Maƙasudin rubuta wannan takarda shi ne tattaro wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubuce da ake yi a jikin abubuwan hawa a garin Minna domin nazarin gudummawar da suke bayarwa wajen bunƙasa harshe da adabi da kuma al’adun Bahaushe. Sannan za a fito da amfani ko hikimar rubuce-rubuce ga al’umma. Takardar ta fito da sakamakon bincike da kuma shawarwari.

2.0 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Garin Minna

Marigayi tsohon sarkin Minna, Alhaji Ahmadu Bahago ya ba da bayanin kafuwar garin Minna da cewa “Bissallahi Rahmani Rahim, an fara zama a Minna ta farko a gabas maso kudu da tsaunin Minna a (1905). Lokacin da aikin hayan jirgin ƙasa ya iso nan, an samu yawan leburori ƙwarai, har ana samun rashin jituwa tsakankaninsu suna faɗa da juna. Sai Baturen aikin ya tambaya cewa ƙasar wane ne? Aka ce masa ƙasar Minna ta Gwari ce. Sa’an nan ya ce a tafi a faɗa wa mai ƙasar ya samo mutun wayayye, a haɗa shi da malami wanda ya iya rubutun Muhammadiyya, su zo su zauna tare da leburorin, in sunyi faɗa a riƙa cinsu tara, ana shirya su. Sai a rinƙa tara kuɗin taran. Idan ya yi yawa, sai a ba Sarkin Minna Gwari rabi, a ba malamin rabi.

A cikin shekara 1910, da aka ga jama’a suna yawa, sai aka sake wuri aka koma yamma maso kudu da dutsen Paida aka zauna. aka kafa kasuwa, inda zangon dawaki yake yanzu, aka gina masallacin Jumma’a wurin da Barikin Kwatu Musa yake yanzu, aka gina gidan Alkali kusa da Barikin wani Bature (Mr. Walker) aka kuma yi gidan kurkuku da gidan Alkali, sa’an nan aka gina gidan Jakadan Sarkin Bosso a wurin zama na biyu. Aikin Jakadan Sarkin Bosso Abubakar Zarumai shi ne duk abin da turawa ke so shi zai je wurin Sarakunan ƙasar Gwari ya gaya masu. Watau su sarkin Minna Gwari, Bosso, Gurusu, Pyata da Shata. Da gari ya yi yawa sai Resident Captain Tailor ya umurci alkali da ya yi sarauce-sarauce na Hausawa da sauran ƙananan ƙabilu, domin gari ya yi yawa.

A cikin 1910 zamanin Captain Tailor ya ga mutane sun yi yawa ƙwarai sai ya sa jama’a suka komo sarari watau inda Minna take yanzu. Sai shi Captain Tailor da Alkali M. Mu’azu suka komo sarari, sa’annan suka auna layi huɗu watau Bosso road, Captain Tailor road, Bida road da Abuja road, kuma aka auna gidaje. A wannan lokacin aka gina gidan sarkin Wushishi Ibrahim, kuma aka yi kasuwa tsakiyar gari, aka gina kuma gidan alkali gabas da kasuwa da na sarkin Pawa yamma da kasuwa”.

 

3.0  Waiwaye

Akwai wasu ayyuka waɗanda masana da manazarta suka gudanar a bugaggun littattafai da muƙalu waɗanda suka shafi harshen Hausa kai tsaye, wasu daga cikin ayyukan sun haɗa da Yahaya (2002) da Amina & Umar (2020) da Abdullahi (2020) da Yahaya (2000) da sauransu.

Waɗannan masana da suka gudanar da waɗannan rubuce-rubuce sun taka muhimmiyar rawar-gani wajen fito da kuma fayyace nazarin harshe da adabi da kuma al’adun Hausawa dalla-dalla. Ba shakka waɗannan rubuce-rubuce suna taimakawa ƙwarai da gaske wajen ɗora manazarta da marubuta da kuma ɗalibai bisa kyakkyawar turba. Amma sai dai kash! Duk da wannan namijin ƙoƙari da suka yi, har yau ba a samu wanda ya yi nazarin gudummawar da rubuce-rubuce a kan abubuwan hawa suke bayarwa wajen haɓɓaka harshen Hausa da al’adunta a garin Minna ba.

4.0  Dabarun Bincike

Kamar yadda aka sani akwai hanyoyi da dabaru waɗanda ake bi domin kwalliya ta biya kuɗin sabulu a duk wani bincike na ilimi. A wannan an yi amfani da sanannun hanyoyi da suka haɗa da duba littattafai da kuma yin hira ta baka da direbobin motocin haya da na masu na kansu, har ma da direbobin ‘Keke Napep’ da masu baburan haya da na hawa. Haka kuma an kai ziyarar gane wa ido a tashoshin motoci don samun ƙarin rubuce-rubucen da kuma ganawa da direbobin. Daga cikin tashoshin da muka ziyarta a garin Minna, sun haɗa da:

Garejin Abdulsalam Tunga, Minna.

Garejin tashar Kwantagora.

Garejin Mobil roudabout.

Garejin Kpakungu.

Garejin kasuwar rana ta Minna.

5.0       Rubuce-Rubuce a Jikin Abubuwan Hawa a Garin Minna

Wannan ɓangare ya ƙunshi muhimman abubuwan da takardan take so ta binciko, dangane da gudunmawar rubuce-rubuce a jikin abubuwan hawa a garin Minna. Nazarin zai maida hankali ne a kan rubuce-rubuce da suka shafi tunani da tsarin zamantakewar Bahaushe, tun daga addininsa da sana’arsa har zuwa sauran sassan adabinsa.

5.1       Rubuce-Rubuce a kan Abubuwan Hawa da Suka Shafi Addini da Tunanin Bahaushe.

A wannan ɓangare an kawo waɗannan rubuce-rubuce ne, da suka shafi addini da kuma tunanin

Bahaushe a zamantakewarsa. Kaɗan daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

        i.            Ana Sallah don lada ne.

      ii.            Bin na gaba bin Allah.

    iii.            Lahira ba lauya.

    iv.            Allah gatan bawa.

      v.            Godiya ga Allah baiwa ce.

    vi.            Ga Allah muke nema.

Bayan alfari da harshensa, irin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce yana ƙara nuni da Bahaushe mutun ne mai riƙo da addininsa, don haka nema a ko ina, kuma a kodayaushe ya ke alfahari da addininsa. Kasancewa abubuwan hawa sukan shiga saƙo-saƙo ɗauke da waɗannan saƙonnin na rubuce-rubuce da ke kan abubuwan hawansu, yakan taimaka wajen fito da wannan harshe da addinin Bahaushe ga al’ummoni daban-daban. Wannan kan sa wasu da ba Hausawa ba sha’awar ƙoƙarin karanta abin da aka rubuta, har ma da neman sanin saƙon ko ma’anar abin da aka rubuta. A jerin jumlolin da aka samo, in aka nazarce su, za a ga Bahaushe ya ɗora lamarinsa kacokan ne kan imani da abin bautarsa watau Allah. Wannan na nuni da duk irin halin da ya sinci kan sa da Allah dai ya ke dogaro. Don haka sai aka ƙara saninsa da mahaliccinsa, a dun tsarin zamantakewarsa.

5.2       Rubuce- Rubuce a kan Abubuwan Hawa da Suka Shafi Sana’a da Tunanin Bahaushe

A wannan ɓangare an kawo rubuce-rubuce ne da suka shafi yadda Bahaushe ke alfahari da tallata sana’arsa a idon duniya da kuma amfani da kafafen da ya samu dama don faɗakar da al’umma kan riƙo da sana’a. Kaɗan daga cikin irin waɗannan saƙonni sun haɗa da:

        i.            Dan guntun gatarinka.

      ii.            Sa’ido sana’ar banza.

    iii.            Na duƙe tsohon ciniki.

    iv.            Kowa ya nemi nashi.

      v.            Idan ba ƙira, me ya kawo gawayi?

    vi.            Mai nema yana tare da samu.

Bahaushe mutun ne mai alfari da sana’arsa, don haka ne ma, ya ke gadon sana’a, a gun iyaye da kakannin. Kasancewa bai yarda da zaman banza ba, wannan ya sa har ake samun wasu direbobin Hausawa suke rubuce-rubuce, domin alfari da abin da suke yi a matsayin sana’a da kuma faɗakarwa kan muhimmancin riƙo da sana’a. A duk irin sana’ar da Bahaushen mutum ya tsinci kansa, sai ya sarrafa ta zamo wata kafa ta tallata al’amarin sana’arsa da tunaninsa ga sauran al’ummu da ba Hausawa ba. Jumlolin da aka kawo misalansu duk suna fito da tunanin Bahaushe ne, da bai wuce yadda zai nemi abin dogaro da kai ba. Inda haka ke nuni da kuma alfahari da abin da ya samu kansa yana yi. Irin wannan hali ya ƙara fito da shi a idon al’umma da kuma ire-iren sana’ar da ya ke yi. Har ta kai ga ko wanda bai zauna da Bahaushe ba yakan fahimci tunaninsa (Bahaushe) a kan sana’arsa, a sakamakon ganin waɗannan rubuce-rubuce a jikin abubuwan hawa.

5.3 Rubuce-Rubuce kan Abubuwan Hawa da Suka Shafi Al’adu da Tunanin Bahaushe

A wannan ɓangaren an samo wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da ake yi a abubuwan hawa da suka shafi al’adu da tunanin Bahaushe. Watau yadda yake tallata al’adunsa a kan abubuwan hawa ga sauran al’umma.

        i.            Durƙusa wa wada ba gajarta ba ne.

      ii.            Da muguwar rawa, gwamma ƙin tashi.

    iii.            Na duƙe, tsohon ciniki.

    iv.            Madugu uban tafiya.

      v.            Labarin zuciya, a tambayi fuska

Kasancewa Bahaushe a duk halin da yake yana tattare da al’adunsa ne, wannan ya sa a ko’ina ya tsinci kan sa yake ƙoƙarin fito da kansa ta hanyar yaɗa al’adarsa. A wannan bincike an gano cewa, ire-iren rubuce-rubucen Hausa da masu amfani da abubuwan hawa suke yi, yakan taimaka sosai wajen yaɗa al’adun malam Bahaushe a wuraren da ba na Hausawa ba. Saƙonnin da suke ɗauka sukan yi bayanin ko shi wane iri ne a duk inda wannan abun hawa ya leƙa, ko da ko Bahaushe bai taɓa zama a wurin ba. Alal misali daga cikin jumlolin da aka samo, an lura akwai wasu kalmomi ko jumlar kacokan da in ba wanda ya san harshen ba, ko aka yi masa bayanin tsari zamantakewar Bahaushe ba, lallai ba zai fahimci abin da ake nufi ba. Inda ta hanyar bayani, wannan al’ada na ƙara yaɗuwa ke nan.  

6.0 Hikimar yin Rubuce-Rubucen Hausa a Jikin Abubuwan Hawa.

Kamar yadda aka gani a kan irin gudunmawar da waɗannan rubuce-rubuce ke bayarwa a abubuwan hawa, har wayau suna ɗauke da hikimomi masu yawa a tattere da su. Watau suna da amfani kwarai da gaske ta fuskoki kamar haka:

i.            Galibi waɗannan rubuce-rubuce akan rubuta su ne ba tare da la’akari da ƙa’idojin rubuu ba, domin masu yin rubutun ba ƙwararru ba ne a fagen rubutun Hausa. Misali wuraren da suka kamata a haɗa kalma ko a raba ta.

ii.            Haka kuma rubuce-rubuce suna taimakawa wajen isar da saƙo ga fasinjoji da kuma sauran jama’a

iii.            Waɗansu rubuce-rubucen suna taimakawa wajen faɗakar da al’umma da kuma hannunka mai sanda.

iv.            Wasu kuma suna yin rubutun ne domin inkiya.

v.            Wasu kuma suna yin rubutun ne domin habaici ga abokan sana’a.

7.0 Sakamakon Bincike

Dangane da sakamakon wannan bincike, za mu iya cewa bincike da muka gudanar a kan abubuwan hawa a garin Minna ya gano wasu abubuwa kamar haka:

Binciken ya gano waɗannan abubuwan hawa suna shiga wurare da ɓangarori daban-daban a faɗin ƙasarnan. Don haka akwai buƙatar hukumomi su rinƙa kula da irin saƙonnin da suke ɗauke da su, don gudun ɓatanci ga wani ɓangare ko addini.

Binciken ya gano cewa masu sana’ar rubuce-rubuce a kan abubuwan hawa, in gwamnati da masu hannu da shuni, zasu tallafa masu wajen bunƙasa ayyukansu da abubuwan da suke buƙata. Wannan fanni zai ba da gagarumin gudummawa wajen samar da sana’a da dogaro da kai ga al’umma. Haka kuma hanya ce ta samar da kuɗaɗen shiga ga hukuma.

Binciken ya gano galibin masu wannan rubuce-rubuce, ba su san dokokin wannan harshe ba, don haka ba su la’akari da ginin kalma ko jumla. An lura yawancin saƙonnin ba bisa ƙa’idojin rubutu ko na harshen suke ba. Akwai buƙatar hukuma ta rinƙa gudanar da kwas-kwas da kuma tilas tawa masu wannan sana’a halarta, domin inganta sana’ar.

A tattaunawar da muka yi da wasu masu abubuwan hawa da aka yi masu rubuce-rubuce sun bayyana mana amfani ko hikimar rubuce-rubuce da suke yi da suka haɗa da: ilmantarwa da faɗakarwa da huce takaici da kuma yin habaici da sauransu, ga fasinjoji da kuma sauran al’umma.

Kammalawa

Kamar yadda aka gani a wannan takarda an yi magana ne a kan gudummawar rubuce-rubucen Hausa a kan abubuwa hawa wajen bunƙasar harshen Hausa da al’adunta. Don haka an tattaro wasu daga cikin rubuce-rubucen da ake yi a jikin abubuwan hawa sannan aka yi bayani da irin Saƙonnin da suke ɗauke da su da kuma irin gudummawar da suke bayarwa a ɓangaren bunƙasa harshen Hausa da al’adunta. Bayan haka an fito da amfani da hikimomin da ke tattare da waɗannan rubuce-rubuce ga al’umma. A bisa taƙaitawa wannan takarda, ta yi gabatarwa da taƙaitaccen tarihin garin Minna, ta kawo waiwayen ayyukan da suka gabata da dabarun bincike da rubuce-rubuce a jikin abubuwa hawa a garin Minna tare da kawo ire-iren saƙonnin da suka ƙunsa da kuma shawarwari da manazarta.

Manazarta

1.      Abdullahi, A. K. (2020). “Ƙa’idojin Rubutun Hausa: Nazarin-Rubuce-Rubuce a Jikin Allunan tallace-tallace”. Maƙala da aka gabatar a taron karawa juna sani. Kaduna: Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna.

2.      Bahago, A (1910) “Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Garin Minna”. Unpublish

3.      Amina, M da Abdullahi, U. (2019). Harshe a Kafafen Sadarwa ta Zamani a Matsayin Sindarin Harɗin kan Al’umma da ci Gaban Ƙasa. Maƙala da aka gabatar a taron ƙarewa juna sami. Kaduna: Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna.

4.      Yahaya, I. Y. (2000). Darussan Hausa II. Ibadan: Uniɓersity Press Plc.

5.      Yahaya, I. Y. (2002). Hausa a Rubuce Tarihin Rubuce-Rubuce Cikin Hausa. Zaria: NNPC.

Hira

6.      Malam Audu Baban-riga: Mobile Roundabout (15/6/2021).

7.      Alhaji Usman: Abdulsalam Garage Tunga Minna (18/6/2021)._

8.      Alhaji Isah: Farm Centre, Mobile Roundabout Minna (15/6/2021).

9.      Lawali Mai Keke Napep: Anguwan Mahauta, Central Mosƙue, Minna (20/6/2021).

10.  Moses Charce, Mai yin Rubuce-Rubuce a jikin abubuwa hawa Stadium Junction, Minna (24/6/2021).