Salon Shillo a Bakin Makadan Baka na Hausa

Citation: Muhammad, A.I. (2024). Salon Shillo a Bakin Makaɗan Baka na Hausa. Ginshiƙin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa, 336-340. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2024.v03i01.042.

SALON SHILLO A BAKIN MAKAƊAN BAKA NA HAUSA

Alhaji Ibrahim Muhammad

Fadar Mai girma Ɗan’alin Birnin Magaji, Birnin Magaji, Jihar Zamfara

Tsakure:

An gabatar da wannan tsokaci domin shiga sahun marubuta maƙalu domin karrama Farfesa Abdullahi BayeroYahya. Manufar wannan tsokaci shi ne a yi nazarin wani salo wanda masana suka kira salon shillo a waƙoƙin Hausa. Salo kamar yadda aka sani wata hanya ce cikin waƙoƙin baka da mawaƙa ke bi domin isar da saƙo. An saurari waƙoƙin baka da aka samo a gidajen rediyo da na wajen masu sayar da kaset-kaset, da yin nazarin waƙoƙin daga bisani, aka riski cewa da wannan salo ne mawaƙa suka ci kasuwarsu da shi a cikin waƙoƙinsu. Salon shillo tsohon salo ne a bakin mawaƙan baka.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Salo, Shillo, Makaɗan Baka, Hausa

Gabatarwa

Waƙa a ƙasar Hausa sunanta waƙa. Sai dai a samu nau’o’inta. Ana cewa waƙar baka, ana kuma cewa rubutacciyar waƙa. Waɗannan manyan nau’o’in waƙa su ne muka fi sani, duk da cewa, (Usman, 2021:03) ya zo da wani kason a nasa bincike. A wannan tsokaci an nuna yadda wata fasaha ta babban shaihimmu na waƙa, ta yi mini tasiri wajen lalaben abin da zan gabatar a wannan tsokaci. A cikin aikin (Yahya, 2016: 161)^[1] an kawo wannan salo da ma’anarsa da inda ake samun misalansa. An ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin fitattu kuma tsofaffin mawaƙan baka, aka kuma ɗauki ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa domin a yi nazarin wannan salo na shillo a cikin waƙar. Za a ga taƙaitaccen tarihin mawaƙin da kuma sunan waƙar da wanda aka yi wa waƙar a matsayin shimfiɗa kafin a shiga cikin aikin gadan-gadan.

1.0              Ma’anar Salo

Salo wata hanya ce ta daban da ba a saba gani ba. Ko kuma samun wata hanya ta daban domin isar da saƙo in ji shaihin malamin salo wato Yahya, 2016:28^[2]

Kalmar salo na nufin amfani da hanyoyi da dabarun jawo hankalin mai karatu ko mai sauraro da marubuci ya yi amfani da shi, domin ya ƙara ma rubutunsa armashi. Wato ke nan “Salo” hanya ce ko dabara ta yin wani abu ko bayyana wani abu^[3].

1.1              Salon Shillo

Ɗarsau

Ɗaga hankali ko kwaɗaitarwa wata dabara ce da mawaƙa ke amfani da ita domin su sami damar isar da saƙonsu cikin armashi. Mawaƙa kan ƙirƙiro wani abu da zai motsa tunanin mai karatu, mai sauraro kan nace sai ya bi makaɗi ko mawaƙi ko marubci har ƙarshen fasaharsa domin ya fahimci manufarsa. Irin wannan kwaɗaitarwa kan ƙunshi ɗaga hankali ko ba da mamaki, ko sanya dariya ko saka ɗauki da murna, ko ban haushi, ko takaici ko ƙara gishiri da sauransu^[4].

Salon shillo a wata fassarar shi ne jerangiyar da mawaƙi kan yi ta musamman a farkon waƙarsa wadda a dubin farko mai karatu ko saurare zai ɗauka abin da mawaƙi ke faɗa ba ya da wata nasaba da babban jigonsa ko saƙonsa, amma kuma haƙiƙani akwai wannan dangantaka^[5]. Daga bayanan da suka gabata kan ma’anar salo da kuma ƙarin sharhi kan salon shillo za a matsa gaba a ga tarihin waƙa da waɗanda aka yi wa waƙar da kuma masu yin waƙen.

1.2 Tarihin waƙar “Kana shire baban ‘yan ruwa, na Bello Jikan Ɗan Hodiyo”

Wannan Waƙa an yi ta tsakanin shekarar 1963 zuwa 1966 duk kuwa da yake an sha maimaita ta a lokutta daban daban, a wurare mabanbanta abun da ya zama sanadiyar samun wasu ƙare - ƙare masu dama a cikinta daga baya.

Waƙar ta naɗe muhimman lamurran rayuwar wanda aka yi wa ita da ma wanda ya yi ta.

Wannan Waƙar ita ce Bakandamiyar Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru. Kamar wada ya sha faɗa a mafi yawancin hirarraki ko tattaunawar da aka yi da shi cewa a duk lokacin da yake wasa, kiɗa da waƙa a sarari, ita ce waƙar da ya fi fara rerawa saboda ita ce yawancin jama'a ke buƙatar ya rera masu. Ya yi wannan waƙa shekaru da dama kafin wanda ya yi wa ita ya hau karagar sarautar Sarkin Musulmi a 1996.

2.0              Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru: Sanin wane shi a taƙaice

Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru na daga cikin daɗaɗɗun makaɗan baka kuma makaɗan fada da suka yi fice a ƙasar Hausa. Binciken wannan maƙala ya ɗora shi daga cikin makaɗan sarauta. An haifi Sa’idu Faru a garin Faru, ƙarƙashin Maradun ta cikin ƙasar Zamfara ta yanzu a shekarar 1916. Laƙabinsa Ɗan’umma. Abubakar Maikotso, wanda ake yi wa laƙabi da Abubakar Kusu, shi ne mahaifinsa. Abubakar Kusu ɗa ne ga Alu Mai Kurya. Asalinsu Gobirawa^[6] ne. In dai ana maganar gadon kiɗa, to Sa’idu Faru ya gadi kiɗa ga uwaye da kakkanni, domin Alu Maikurya makaɗin yaƙi ne, musamman ga mayaƙan ƙasar Gobir^[7]. Sa’idu Faru ya yi wafati a shekarar 1987 a garinsu Faru bayan gajeriyar jinya.

3.0              Muhammadu Macciɗo: Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato

An haifi Alhaji Muhammadu Bello Macciɗo a garin Dange, ƙaramar Hukumar Mulkin Dange/Shuni da ke Jihar Sokoto a shekarar 1926^[8]. Mahaifinsa shi ne Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III, mahaifiyarsa kuma ita ce Hauwa'u. Ya yi karatun Addinin Musulunci a garin Dange kafin ya shiga makarantar ilmin zamani da ya kai shi har Zaria daga nan ya wuce Babbar Kwalejin South Devon da ke ƙasar Birtaniya tsakanin shekarar 1952-53. Ya riƙe muƙamin Uban Ƙasa/Hakimin Gundumar Talata Mafara da ke jihar Zamfara ta yanzu tsakanin shekarar 1953 zuwa 1956. Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo ya zama wakilin majalisar dokokin jihar Arewa a Kaduna a cikin shekarar 1954, ya kuma yi aiki a En'a (NA) ta Sokoto a matsayin kansila mai kula da sashen ayyuka kafin a canja masa wajen aiki zuwa sashen raya karkara da kuma sashen aikin gona tsakanin shekarun 1950 da na 1960.

Tsakanin 1967 zuwa 1970 ya riƙe muƙamin Kwamishinan ayyukan gona da kuma harkokin lafiya a tsohuwar jihar Arewa maso Yamma^[9]. Ya zamo Shugaban Rusasshiyar Jam'iyyar NPN da kuma mai bai wa shugaban tarayyar Nijeriya shawara ta musamman a tsohuwar jihar Sokoto a ƙarƙashin mulkin shugaba Shehu Shagari tsakanin 1979 zuwa 1983. 

A shekarar 1986 Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo ya samu shiga a cikin majalisar da ke taimaka wa mahaifinsa, Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III a wajen gudanar da sha'anin mulki. 

An naɗa shi Sarkin Musulmi na 19 a cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 1996, Allah ya yi masa wafati Ranar 29/10/2006 sanadiyar haɗarin jirgin saman ADC Airline a Abuja. Allah ya jiƙan sa da rahama, amin. 

4.0  Dubarun Tattara Bayanai

An saurari waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru daban-daban waɗanda ke cikin fayafai na rediyo, an kuma nazarci abin da manazarta suka kalato na game da tarihinsa da fasihancinsa cikin waƙa, waɗanda aka taskace cikin kundaye da litattafai na adana tarihin makaɗan baka. Haka kuma an tattauna da wasu ɗalibai da malamai masoya Sa’idu Faru inda suka bayyana abin da suka sani game da shi. Marubucin wannan muƙala ya tattauna da Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru, tattaunawa mai dama a kai dangane da fasihancinsa. Ta wannan tattaunawa aka san dangantakarsa da uban gidansa, Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Macciɗo. Kafin dai a shiga gadan-gadan ga nazarin ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙinsa, zai dace a shaidar da cewa, a wasu lokutta cikin shekarun 1979 zuwa 1984 a lokacin da shi Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru da tawagarsa sukan kai ziyara a Birnin Magaji, garin marubucin nan, wajen Ɗan’alin Birnin Magaji Alhaji Muhammadu Mode Usaman (1945-2005)^[10]. Wannan ziyara ta kiɗa da waƙa ce tsakanin uban gida da baransa mawaƙi. Abin da ake son a shaidar shi ne, wannan marubuci yana daga cikin masu halartar wannan majalisi na Sa’idu Faru a lokacin da yake baje kolin fasaharsa ta waƙa. Ɗaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da ake iya tunawa da ita ita ce /Mai ɗamara Ɗan’Ali/Ɗan Shehu Sadaukin Sarki/. Akwai kuma wata waƙar mai amshi kamar hakan: /Alhaji Ɗan’Ali ci fansa/Abin biya kake Ɗan Shehu/.

Waɗannan misalai ne na waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru waɗanda ya rera a garin Birnin Magaji Fadar Ɗan’Ali kuma na Ɗan’Alin. Waɗannan waƙoƙi suna daga cikin waɗanda wannan marubuci da kaina yake riƙe rikoda ta naɗe waƙoƙi wadda ake amfani da ita a wancan lokacin^[11]doimn naɗe aikinsa a lokacin da yake rera su.

Da rikodar Hajiya Goshi matar Ɗan’Ali, wadda tana daga cikin masoya Sa’idu Faru da waƙoƙinsa, marubucin yake naɗiyar waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru cikin sabon kaset ɗin da take ba shi tare da rikodar. Takan ba marubucin wannan rikoda tare da sabon kaset domin ya zauna kusa ga Sa’idu Faru (in yana rera waƙoƙinsa) ya naɗe waƙoƙin nasa a wannan lokacin.^[12]

5.0  Nazarin Waƙar /Kana Shirye Baban ‘Yanruwa/ Na Bello Jikan Ɗan Hodiyo/

Wannan waƙa wadda Sa’idu Faru ya tsara ya kuma rera zuwa ga ubangidansa kusan shekaru 60 da suka wuce tana da turaku da yawa da ta yi wa mai saurare guzuri da su. Mawaƙin ya yi amfani da salon shillo kamar yadda aka ambata a baya domin ya isar da saƙonsa ga masu sauraro. Shi makaɗa Sa’idu Faru kafin ya bayyana saƙonsa na gurin da yake yi ma Sarkin Kudun Sakkato Macciɗo na ya gadi mahaifinsa Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III a kan gadon Sarauta. Wannan guri na Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya bayyana a ɗaya daga cikin ɗan waƙa kamar haka:

Halin ga da Bubakar yar riƙa,

Maciɗɗo kai ka shirin gado haka,

Halin ga da Bubakar yar riƙa,

Maciɗɗo kai ka shirin gado haka,

Wannan ɗan waƙa ya bayyana jigon waƙa na gurin zaman Macciɗo Sarkin Musulmi bayan mahaifinsa Abubakar III. Baiti na gaba ya bayyana ko shi kansa baya ga sauran al’ummar Hausawa da larabawa sun yi murna da jin wannan waƙa mai gurin masoyinsu ya zama shugaban al’ummar musulmin duniya kamar haka:

Waƙag ga da niy maka Mammadu,

Na ji daɗinta Mamman Sarkin Kudu,

Waƙag ga da niy maka Mammadu,

Na ji daɗinta Mamman Sarkin Kudu,

Tun dak Kabi har Kano har Masar,

Har birnin legas har Bichi,

Kowa ya ji waƙar Sarkin Kudu,

Ni ko daɗinta da nij jiya,

In da zaman daji mukai,

Da kay yi waƙar Sarkin Kudu,

Mamman yaɗ ɗaukan yar riƙa,

Mun san manyan mutane ƙwarai,

Mun san ƙananan mutane ƙwarai,

Mun kammala duk mun ƙasura,

Baiwa mu shidda muna biye,

Sarkin makaɗammu yana gaba,

Kowa tashi ƙawa daban,

Kowwa yai taiɓa yai ƙaton ciki,

Kog ga shi zamne ga inuwa,

Ko da makaɗin sarkin Masar yag ga Sa’idu sai rainai yai haki.

Waɗannan ɗiyan waƙar da suka gabata, suna ɗauke da yabo daga mawaƙi zuwa ga ubangidansa, sannan ya ɗan taɓo wani salon zuga, inda ya bayyana cewa ya samu yalwa da arziki ga jikinsa da suturarsa har kusan duk wanda ya gan sa ba cikin takwarorinsa mawaƙa na ƙasar Hausa ba, har na wata ƙasa kamar Larabawan Masar sai sun ji sha’awarsa.

Babban mutun mai da gaba biki,

Ana kai biki inga Burtuttuki,

Idon fasiƙi gun marokan^[13] biki,

Wada dud ɗan Sarki yaƙ ƙasura,

In ba alheri yay yi ba^[14],

Daudu ko yai magana ƙarya ya kai.

Wannan ɗan waƙa da ke sama, yana da ƙumshiyar habaici zuwa wasu ɗiyan Sarki masu hamayya da ubangidan mawaƙin. Saboda haka akwai habaici a ɗaya daga cikin turakun da mawaƙin ya yi amfani da su wajen isar da saƙonsa na jigon guri, Wannan salon sakaɗa habaici yana daga cikin shillon da mawaƙin ya ci gaba da yi, ya sa ya bar duniyar mutane, ya tafi duniyar tsuntsaye da dabbobi domin ya yi hira da su kan masaniyarsu da ubangidansa.

Can na taɓa ‘yat tafiya kaɗan,

Sai ni ‘ishe suda^[15] na kiyo,

Tana ta waƙas Sarkin Kudu,

Rainai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu,

Alisabbinane ɗan Amadu,

Allah Shi ƙara mai nasara

Sai ni ‘ishe burtu^[16] na kiyo

Yana ta waƙas Sarkin Kudu

Rainai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu

Alisabbinane ɗan Amadu

Allah Shi ƙara mai nasara

Nic ce burtu waƙa akai

Yac ce lalle waƙa nikai

Waƙam Muhamman Sarkin Kudu

In niy yi ta za ni wurin kiyo

In na zo abinci sai na ije

Daga duniyar tsuntsaye, ya sake dawowa duniyar mutane, amma kuma ya sabka yankin ƙasar larabawa kuma a cikin ruwa ba bisa ƙasa ba. Wato cikin bahar maliya wasu ruwa waɗanda ake tsallakawa a shiga ƙasar Saudiyya.

Can na taɓa ‘yat tafiya kaɗan,

Na kai bakin bahar Maliya,

Sai ni ‘ishe Larabawan wurin,

Suna ta waƙas Sarkin Kudu,

Rainai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu,

Alisabbinane ɗan Amadu,

Allah Shi ƙara mai nasara,

A cikin waƙar an sanar da mai saurare tafiyar da akan yi ta zuwa aikin Hajji a Ƙasar Saudi Arebiya domin nuna cikakkiyar nasabarsa da Mujaddadi Shehu Usman ɗan Fodiyo tagammadahullah birahamatihi wanda ya assasa Daular Usmaniya a Nijeriya. Idan makaɗa Sa’idu ya gama tattaunawa da Larabawa, inda suka nuna masa cewa su kansu, suna ƙaunar Mamman Macciɗo saboda harskensa da muruwarsa yana taimaka musu wajen ibadarsu ta yau da kullum. Daga nan sai Sa’idu ya sake dawowa aƙasarshi ta Hausa inda ya nuna cewa ai shi duk daular da ya samu a duniya, snadin Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Macciɗo ya same ta, amma kuma idan bai yi kiɗa da waƙa ga ubangidansa ba, to kullum yana cikin ƙishirwa da yunwa. Ga ɗan waƙar da ya bayyana hakan:

"Ka kai kamab Bello, swasswakiya,

Da kyauta da milki da ban gaskiya,

Kamar mu marok'anku galgajiya,

Ko da mun ɗamre doki ɗari,

Ko da mun tsaida mato ɗari,

Ko da mun tsaida jikka ɗari,

Ko da mun tsaida dame ɗari,

Ko da mun tsaida bawa ɗari,

Dub basu kashe muna ƙwarnahi,

Sai mun ɗunka turaye mun kiɗa.

Mawaƙin ya rufe wannan waƙa da jaddada jigonsa na Guri ya ga ubangidansa ya zama Sarkin Musulmi da wannan ɗan waƙar da ke biye:

Baban Mai abu Faru na Mai’akwai,

Ɗan giwa komi tad daɗe,

Ta tabbata yin giwa yakai,

In ji Sarkin Maradun Sarkin Ƙaya,

Ɗan Giwa komi tad daɗe

Ta tabbata yin giwa yakai,

In ji Sarkin Maradun Sarkin Ƙaya.

Naɗewa

Salon shillon da aka ambata a shimfiɗar wannan tsakure a lamba ta 1.1, ya tabbata ta nazarin ɗiyan wannan waƙa ta makaɗa Sa’idu Faru. Kamar yadda fahimta ta haska ma wannan nazari da aka yi, an yi amfani da turaku kamar na yabo da zuga da habaici wajen ganin an isar da wannan saƙon wannan waƙa na jigon Guri daga Makaɗi zuwa ga mai gidansa. An yi wasa wasa da salon shillo tsakanin duniyar mutane zuwa ga ta tsuntsaye, an sake sakaɗa salon hira tsakanin makaɗi da Larabawa, da kuma tsakanin makaɗi da tsuntsaye.

Wani abin sha’awa shi ne, gurin Sa’idu Faru ya tabbata shekaru Talatin 30 da yin wannan waƙa. Domin an naɗa Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo bisa Sarautar Sarkin Musulmi a shekarar 1996. Ita wannan waƙa an yi ta a tsakanin 1963-1966.

Manazarta:

Boyd, J. (2010)Africa : Journal Of the International African Institute Vol. 80.No I, Interpreting Land Markets in Africa, Published by Cambridge University Press

Ɗangambo, A (BS) “Gadon Feɗe Adabin Hausa” Littafin Da Ke Jiran Ɗab’i.

Ɗangambo, A (2005) Rabe-raben Adabin Baka Da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa        (Sabon Tsari), Bench Mark Publishers, Kano

Gusau, S. (2005) Makaɗa da Mawaƙan Hausa, Bench Mark Publishers, Kano

Hirar da nayi da Makaɗa Alhaji Ibrahim Sa'idu Faru /Halifan Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, a Ranar 08/03/2018

Peoples Daily Newspaper, September, 2023: Muhammadu Macciɗo, The 19th Sultan.

Usman, B. B. (2021) “Ruwa Biyu: Sabon Zubin Waƙoƙin Ƙarni na Ashirin da Ɗaya” Takardar da aka        Gabatar a Taron Mawaƙan Hausa na Zamani a NUT Hotel, Magadishu Layout Kaduna.

Tattaunawa Alhaji Sa’idu Faru a lokutta daban-daban.

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^[1] Na karanta wannan salo a cikin littafin Abdullahi Bayero Yahya, (2006) Salo Asirin waƙa ɗab’in Guarantee Printers, Sokoto.

^[2] Yahya, A. B. (2006) Salo Asirin Waƙa Guarantee Printers, Sokoto

^[3] Dangambo, A. (1995:252) (BS) “Gadon Feɗe Adabin Hausa” Littafin da ke Jiran Ɗab’i.

^[4]Ɗangambo, A, 1995 kamar a ɗure na 4, shafi na 253

^[5]Yahya, A. B. (2006) kamr a ɗure na 3, shafi na 162

^[6] Tattaunawar da muka yi da magadin Alhaji Sa’idu Faru, …

^[7] An samu tarihin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru a cikin littafin Makaɗa da Mawaƙan Hausa na Farfesa Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau. 2005 Century Publishers Kano shafi na 117.

^[8] Peoples Daily Newspaper, September, 2023: Muhammadu Macciɗo, The 19th Sultan.

^[9] Jean Boyd, cikin Africa : Journal Of the International African Institute Vol. 80.No I, Interpreting Land Markets in Africa, Published by Cambridge University Press, 2010. Shafi na 10.

^[10] Shekarar sittin da wannan basaraken ya yi mulki a ƙasar Birnin Magaji. An haife shi a shekarar 1922, ya rasu a shekarar 2005.

^[11] Rikoda wadda ake saka ma kaset mai zare na daga cikin aubuwan da ba su daɗe da aka rage amfani da sub a, saboda shigowar sidi, da filash, amma ba don har yanzu ba a a amfani da sub a. Amma a wancan lokacin babu wani abu da ya fi su amfani wajen naɗe duk wata murya wadda za a amfana da ita zuwa gaba, a matsayin wata na’ura ta adana tarihi.

[12] Bayan wasu shekaru da ina gabatar da shirin kundin mawaƙan Hausa, na sha komawa wajen Hajiya Goshi ta ara mini kaset-kaset na Sa’idu Faru domin in amfana da su.

^[13] Wannan kalma tana nufin matan da suke zuwa wajen yinin buki na al’ada.

^[14] Wannan jigon roƙo

^[15] Suda tsuntsuwa ce.

^[16] Burtu wani nau’in Tsuntsu shi ma, yana siffa da tsuntsun nan mai suna Babba da jikka.