Dangantakar Wasan Tashe da Magungunan Garjiya

Citation: Mika’il, A.M. (2024). Dangantakar Wasan Tashe da Magungunan Garjiya. Ginshiƙin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa, 352-356. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2024.v03i01.044.

DANGANTAKAR WASAN TASHE DA MAGUNGUNAN GARJIYA

Ahmad Muhammad Mika’il

Sashen Koyar da Harshen Hausa, Kwalejin Ilimi ta Tarayya, Kano

Tsakure:

Wasannin gargajiya rukuni ne a ƙarƙashin adabin gargajiyar Bahaushe, wanda ya ƙunshi hikimomi da fasahohi masu tarin yawa. Waɗanda suka haɗa da: motsa jiki da aika saƙonni ta hanyar hannunka mai sanda, wanda a ƙarƙashin wannan rukuni aka sami wasannin tashe. Wasannin tashe, wasanni ne da suka daɗe ana gudanar da su a ƙasar Hausa, musamman bayan zuwan addinin musulunci.Sannan wasanni ne da suke da alaƙa da addini, domin kuwa ba a gudanar da shi sai a watan Ramadana. Manufar gudanar da wasannin tashe ita ce, saka nishaɗi a zukatan mutane tare da ɗebe musu kewa. Sannan wasan tashe ya zama hanyar samun waraka daga cututtuka a tsakanin Hausawa, la’akari da yadda ake bage-koli na magunguna a wasan tashe na “Jatau mai magani”. Ta wannan hanya Hausawa da dama suna ilimantuwa tare da sanin magunguna da kuma cututtuka, ta idan cuta ta kama mutum kai tsaye ga maganin da zai yi amfani da shi, sannan kuma a samu waraka cikin sauƙi ba tare da an kai ruwa rana ba.Manyan rukunonin da suke aiwatar da wasannin tashe su ne, maza da kuma mata. Sannan wasan tashe yana da muhimmanci sosai da suka haɗa da: nishaɗantar da masu azumi da mantar da gajiyar azumi tare da adana tarihi. Wannan takarda za ta fito da dangantakar wasan tashe da magungunan gargajiya, sannan za ta taimaka wajen sanar da Hausawa magungunan da ya kamata su yi amfani da su a kan cututtukan da suke damun su na yau da kullum.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Dangantaka, Wasanni, Tashe, Magungunan garjiya

Gabatarwa

Tashe wata tsohuwar al’ada ce da akan yi ta a cikin watan Ramadana, sannan kuma al’ada ce da take da dangantaka da addinin Musulunci. Hausawa ba sa yin sake wajen yin sa. Da zarar lokaci ya yi Hausawa kan yi shirye-shirye tare da tanadar kayan da babu su domin ganin sun samo su. Daga lokacin da aka sanar an ga jinjirin wata, to, daga nan ne manya da yara za su fara gudanar da shirinsu na aiwatar da tashe.

1.1 Al’ummar Hausawa

Hausawa al’umma ce da take zaune a ƙasar Hausa a cikin Afrika ta yamma. Hausawa mutane ne masu tsananin riƙon al’adunsu na gargajiya, musamman wajen tufafi da abinci da al’amuran da suka shafi aure ko haihuwa ko mutuwa, da sha’anin mu’amala tsakanin dangi da abokai da shugabanni, da kuma al’amuran sana’a ko kasuwanci ko neman ilimi da sauransu (Adamu, 1997:16).

Al’adar tashe na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin al’adun Hausawa na gargajiya, musamman bayan zuwan addinin Musulunci ƙasar Hausa. Ana gabatar da tashe iri-iri ta sigar wasanni domin nishaɗantarwa da faɗakarwa da kuma ilimantarwa.

2.1 Asalin Tashe

Al’adar tashe daɗaɗɗiyar al’ada ce da take da tsohon tarihi a ƙasar Hausa was an tashe wata al’ada ce a ƙasar Hausa da ake yi a lokacin watan azumin Ramadana, inda matasa har ma da yara kan yi shiga iri daban-daban. An fara tashe a ƙasar Hausa sama da shekaru ɗari biyu (200) da suka gabata. Akwai dangantaka mai ƙarfi tsakanin al’adar tashe da addinin Musulunci, domin ana yin sa ne a watan azumi, duk da dai cewa akwai saɓanin ra’ayi da wasu ke cewa asalin tashe matafiya ne key i idan sun yada zango.

2.2 Ma’anar Tashe

Umar M.B (1987) ya bayyana ma’anar tashe da cewa, “Tashe wata al’ada ce da ake yi lokacin  azumin watan Ramalana”.

Tashe na nufin tashi ko tasa ma’ana tashi daga bacci (Ƙamusun Hausa, 2006:431). Haka kuma, tashe wasa ne na al’ada da ake gabatar da shi a cikin watan Ramadana, domin nishaɗantar da al’umma.

2.3 Muhimmancin Tashe

Wasan tashe yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa. Kaɗan daga cikin muhimmancin tashe su ne kamar haka:

·      Raya al’adun Hausawa

·      Saka nishaɗi a tsakanin al’umma

·      Hannunka mai sanda a kan wani abu da ya addabi al’umma

·      Hanya ce ta ilimantarwa da faɗakarwa

·      Nishaɗantar da masu azumi domin su manta da gajiya da suke fama da ita

·      Ana amfani da tashe wurin tashin mutane daga bacci domin su ɗauki sahur kar su makara.

3.1 Ra’in Bincike

Ra’i wani ma’auni ne da ake amfani da shi wajen auna abubuwa, musamman abin da ya shafi bincike na ilimi. Saboda haka, ra’i ma’auni ne na hankali da ake amfani da shi domin ɗora bincike a kai.

Domin samun sauƙin fahimtar wannan takarda da kuma sanin inda aka dosa, za a ɗora wannan takarda a kan mazahabar Gusau (1995:55) ta adana al’adu. Wanda yake bayani a kan hanyoyin adana ko inganta al’ada domin cigaban al’umma.

4.1 Dangantakar Wasan Tashe da Magungunan Gargajiya

Babu shakka akwai kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin magungunan gargajiya da kuma wasanin tashe musamman idan aka yi la’akari da yadda wasu wasannin tashen sukeyin nuni a kan yadda masu magungunan gargajiya suke bayar da magani da kuma yadda tashe ya zama hanyar samun waraka daga wasu cututtuka. Haka kuma, dangantakar ta haɗa da saƙonnin da irin waɗannan wasannin tashe suke isarwa ga al’umma, kamar girman masu bayar da magani yadda ake amfani da magani da makamantansu.

4.2 Ma’anar Magani

Magani shi ne duk wani abu da za a yi, ko wata hanya ko kuma dabara da za a bi don gusar da cuta daga jiki ɗungurum, ko kuma kwantar da ita don kawo jin daɗi ga jiki tare da sauwaƙe duk wata wahala da damuwa da ita cutar kan iya samarwa (Adamu,1998).

4.2.1 Ire-iren Magungunan Hausawa na Gargajiya

Hausawa al’umma ce da ta shahara wajen amfani da magunguna domin maganin cututtukan da suka addabi jiki, waɗanda suka haɗa nau’o’i daban-daban kamar haka:

i.        Sassaƙe-sassaƙe

ii.      Jiƙe-jiƙe

iii.   Rataya

iv.   Binne

4.3 Tashe a matsayin Hanyar Waraka Daga Cututtuka

Al’adar tashe al’ada ce da take ɗauke da nuni da kuma nusar da al’umma a kan abubuwa da dama. Daga cikin nau’o’in tashen Bahaushe akwai wanda yake nuna yadda Bahaushe yake bayar da taimako na magunguna da kuma yadda ake amfani da magani domin maganin cuta, wannan hanyar tana nuna yadda ake nuna hoton rayuwar Bahaushe ta zahiri cikin wasan tashen Jatau mai magani.

4.4 Dangantakar Wasan Tashe da Magungunan Gargajiya

Dangantakar wasan tashe musamman na Jatau mai magani da magungunan gargajiya yana na yadda Bahaushe yake ta’ammali da magungunan gargajiya wajen kawar da cututtuka. Sannan tashen yana nuna yadda Bahaushe yake da nau’o’in magunguna da kuma yadda yake amfani da su.

4.5Tashen Jatau Mai Magani

Bayanin Wasa

Wannan Tashe ne na manya maza akan sami mutane kamar biyar ko shida. Ɗayansu (wato “Jatau”) yakan yi shiga irin ta bokaye ya sami Kwando ya cika da ‘yan ƙunshe-ƙunshen garin ƙasa da ciyayi da tsakuwa da dai sauransu. Sannan kuma, yakan sami ‘yan gaɓoɓin kara da sassaƙe-sassaƙen itatuwa iri-iri. Har ila yau kuma ya sami ‘yan guntattakin fata kamar su yankin buzu da ire-irensu, duk ya haɗa ya zuba a cikin kwandon ya ɗauka a ka.

Daga nan sai ya ja gaba sauran mabiyansa ma wasu na ɗauke da ‘yan ƙunshe-ƙunshen “magunguna” yana sa waƙa suna amsawa:

Jatau : Ya Bismillah Rabbana

Amshi : Jatau

Jatau: Arrahmani Rabbana

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Za ni bayanin magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Sai a saurara a ji

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Wanda duk bai san nib a

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ya zo ya gan ni ya san da ni

Amshi : Jatau

Jatau: Daji-daji na shiga

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Rami-rami na shiga

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Duk wani kogo na shiga

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Na hau tsauni yai ɗari

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Na hau bishiya tai ɗari

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Na shiga kogi na nutse

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Domin neman magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ƙauye-ƙauye na tafi

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Birni-birni na tafi

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Na tafi tallar magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: In ba ku bayani ɗan kaɗan

Amshi: Jatau

JatauDawa na magani ko don yunwa ma a cire

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Zogale gandi mataimaki

: Ana figar ka kana tsaye

: Kana kallon jama’ar gari

Amshi: Jatau

JatauCeɗiya na magani, ko don shawara a cira

Amshi: Jatau

JatauSabara na magani a tambayi mai jego a ji

Amshi: Jatau

JatauDashi na magani don amosanin ka a cire

Amshi : Jatau

Jatau: Bi-da-zugu na magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Sanya ma na magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ko don maye ma a cira

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ku jiyo marke na magani

Amshi : Jatau

Jatau: Ko don tari ma a cira

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ciwo a cikinka ya tirnike

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ka sami maɗaci magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Butar duma ma na magani

Amshi : Jatau

Jatau: Ko don alwalla a cira

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Kun ji rake na magani

: In an yi mazarƙwaila ku sha

Amshi: Jatau

JatauKukkuki na magani saboda jima ma a cira

Amshi: Jatau

JatauWake na magani ko don yunwa ma cire

Amshi: Jatau

JatauKaba na magani ko don tabarma a cira

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ku san gishiri na magani

: Haka barkono na magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ko a miya sai sun haɗu

: Ku tambayi mai tsire ku ji.

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ɗorawa na magani

: Ko don gaskami a cira

: Haka ko don kalwa a cira

: Su daddawarmu mutan gari

: Lallai a miya ku ne gaba.

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ɗata na magani

: Yalo na magani

: Ɗunya ma na magani

: Kun ji kanya ma na magani

: Don ko don marmari a cira.

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Ni ne mai magani

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Na gama zancen magani

: Daga nan ni kam gab azan nufa

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Sai baɗi Allah Ya nufa

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Amma ku sani ba magani

: A wurin wani in ba Jallah ba

Amshi: Jatau

Jatau: Allah ne mai magani

: Ko gun Sa k adage ya isa

Amshi: Jatau

4.6 Sharhi

Tashen “Jatau Mai Magani” cike yake da hikimomi masu bayyana wasu ingantattun al’adun Hausawa da ɗabi’unsu dangane da cuta da kuma hanyar waraka, wato, dabarun kawar da ita. Sannan wasan ƙunshe yake ga kwaikwayon  masu sana’ar bayar da magani a ƙasar Hausa, danagane da yadda suke gudanar da harkokinsu tsakaninsu da al’umma.

Haka kuma, waƙar cikin tashen tana raya harshen Hausa, domin kuwa ƙunshe take da sunayen wasu tsirrai da ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Sannan kuma an Ambato sunayen cututtuka da kuma magungunan da suke warkar da su. A ƙarshe tashen “Jatau Mai Magani” yana nuna hoton rayuwar Hausawa dangane da addini da abinci da sana’o’i da cututtuka da kuma magunguna.

4.7 Kammalawa

Kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata, tashe, wasa ne na al’ada wanda ake gabatarwa cikin sigar kwaikwayo mai ɗauke da darussa da hikimomi masu yawa a cikin sa. Kamar yadda aka gani a tashen  “Jatau Mai Magani” an nuna yadda al’umma za ta kuɓuta tare da samun waraka daga cututtuka, musamman idan aka yi amfani da wasu ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma saiwoyi. Sannan was an tashe tamkar hannunka mai sanda ne wanda yake koyarwa zuwa ga shiri da kuma tafarki nagari.

Manazarta

Adamu, M.T. (1997) Asalin Hausawa da Harshensu. Kano: Ɗan Sarkin Kura Publishers Limited

Adamu, M.T. (1998) Asalin Magungunan Hausawa da Ire-Irensu. Kano: Ɗan Sarkin Kura Publishers Limited

Gusau, S.M. (1995) Dabarun Nazarin Adabin Hausa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media Serɓices

C.N.H.N (2006) Ƙamusun Hausa. Kano: Jami’ar Bayero

Umar, M.B (1987) Wasanin Tashe. Kano: Triump Publishing Company