Bunkasar Harshen Hausa a Duniya: Dorewa da Koma-Baya a Nan Gaba

 Citation: Bashir, A. and Girei, I.I. (2024). Bunƙasar Harshen Hausa a Duniya: Ɗorewa da Koma-Baya a nan Gaba. Ginshiƙin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa, 357-363. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2024.v03i01.045.

BUNƘASAR HARSHEN HAUSA A DUNIYA: ƊOREWA DA KOMA-BAYA A NAN GABA

Abdullahi Bashir
Sashen Nazarin da Harsuna da Al’adu,
Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Jihar Zamfara

Ismaila Ibrahim Girei
Sashen Nazarin da Hausa
Kwalejin Ilimi ta Jiha da ke Hong, Jihar Adamawa

Tsakure

Harshe tamkar ɗan’adam ne domin kuwa, shi ma yana rayuwa kuma yana mutuwa. Harshe wani farashi ne da yake hauhawa a kasuwar duniya, kasancewarsa tubali da ya ɗaure duk wata al’ummar duniya ta hanyar yin mu’amala ko cuɗanya da juna. A wannan muƙala, an nuna yadda harshen Hausa,ya samu bunƙasa a duniya, sannan kuma da yadda yakan laƙume ƙananan harsuna, a inda sukan yi ɓatan-dabo, kasancewar yakan shiga lungu da saƙo har ya yi mamaya a nahiyoyi daban-daban na duniya. Hakan ta sa, ya bunƙasa kuma ya zama hantsi leƙa gidan kowa. Wannan ne, ya sa aka samu ra’ayoyin masana dangane da matsayinsa a yau. Binciken ya yi waiwaye dangane da wasu daga cikin ra’ayoyin masana a kan hakan. An yi amfani da hanyar tattara bayanai daga littafai da muƙalu da kundaye da ma intanet. Takardar ta hasko wasu kalmomin Hausa da sukan fuskanci barazanar ɓacewa ta fuskar cigaban zamani. Misali; matsefi – kum, kundi – albam, moɗa – kofi da sauransu. Daga ƙarshe, an bayar da shawarwari a kan yadda za a magance irin barazanar da harshen Hausa yakan fuskanta a wannan zamani, musamman wajen salwantar  tsofaffin kalmomi da kuma salon tauye kalmomi masu tsawo dangane da sigarsu da yakan faru musamman a kafafen sada-zumunta daga wajen matasa.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Bunƙasa, Ɗorewa, Koma-Baya, Harshen Hausa, Duniya

Gabatarwa

Haƙiƙa, akwai barazana dangane da yiwuwar ɗorewa a kan bunƙansa ko cigaban harshen Hausa a duniya a nan gaba, domin kuwa da alama cigaban na mai haƙar rijiya ne, ko kuma a ce, mai tufka ne da warwara. Harshen Hausa ya riga ya yi nisa kuma a yanzu haka yana ci gaba da kutsawa cikin duniya tare da yin naso ga harsuna masu yawa na duniya, wanda kuma ba wanda zai iya tare shi, sai dai ikon Allah. Domin kuwa, irin karɓuwar da ya samu kaɗai a lungu da saƙo na ƙasar nan, Afirka ta yamma da ma sauran ƙasashen duniya ya sanya babu wani shakku a game da cigabansa a duniya. Sai dai duk da haka, akwai barazana dangane da irin ƙalubalen da harshen yakan fuskanta duk da cewa, “ko da goma ta lalace ta fi biyar albarka”, watau irin waɗancan matsaloli ba su hana harshen ci gaba da laƙume sauran harsuna ba. Amma yana da kyau, a lura da kyau, a kan yadda harshen yakan samu tasgaron isar da saƙonni musammana daga matasanmu na wannan zamani, a inda suka mayar da harshen na ‘sai na ga dama’ kamar yadda za a taras suna cakuɗa harshen da wani, musamman (Ingausa) da nufin wayewa.A cikin wannan muƙala an tattauna kanasalin harshen Hausa da kuma matsayinsa a duniya.Sannanan kawo hanyoyin bunƙasarsa da kuma irin matsalolin da yakan fuskanta da kuma matakan da ya kamata a bi don yi wa tufkar hanci, sai kuma kammalawa.

1.1  Harshen Hausa

Harshen Hausa yana daga cikin harsuna iyalin Chadi (Chadic Languages) waɗanda sukafito daga tushe ko asali ɗaya kuma masu haɗaka ko gamaɗe dangane da harsunan Afirka da Asiya (Afro-Asiatic Pylum). Hasali ma dai, Hausa tana ɗaya daga cikin harsunan yammacin tafkinChadi ‘West-Chadic Languages Sub-Group’. Sannan kuma, akan yi amfani da shi a kowane lungu da saƙo na faɗin Afirka. Bugu da ƙari, mutane masu yawa ne sukan yi magana da harshen na Hausa a matsayin harshen uwa ‘Mother Tongue’, a inda kuma wasu da yawa sukan yi magana da shi a matsayin harshen sadarwa, watau ‘Language of Communication’(Abraham, 1962) da kuma (Robinson 1925).Al’ummar Hausawa sune mafi rinjaye daga cikin sauran ƙabilu mazauna yankin Afirka ta yamma, a yayin da harshen  Hausa ya kasance babban harshen da akan yi magana da shi a dukkan jihohin da suke Arewacin Nijeriya wanda yake ɗauke da aƙalla sama da Mutum Miliyan Ɗari, na masu magana da shi a matsayin harshen uwa. Sannan ya mamaye wasu yankuna na ƙasashen Nijar da Arewacin Kamaru da Aiborikwas da Ghana da Sudan da Togo da Sinigal da Gabon da Chadi da Kwaddibuwa da sauransu (Girei, 2022). Bayan haka, harshen na Hausa ya zama sha-kundum ta fuskar aron kalmomi musamman ma daga harshen larabci mai albarka, a inda akan sarrafa tare da adana su don ƙara yin tanaji a cikin rumbun kalmomi da nufin cigaba mai ɗorewa. Nijeriya ita ce uwa ma-ba-ɗa-mama dangane da asali da kuma shaharaa kan harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa tarev da taimakon wasu yankuna na ƙasar Nijar. Domin kuwa, a nan ne tarihi ya nuna asalin ƙasar Hausa wadda ta ƙunshi; Daura da Kano da Katsina da Zazzau da Gobir da Biram da Rano. Har ila yau, jihadin Shehu Usman Ɗanfodiyo ya wanzu a waɗannan ƙasashe da ma sauran masu maƙwabtaka a ƙarni na 19, watau a lokacin da Shehu ya jaddada addinin musulunci kuma ya kafa tutocinsa (Bashir, 2022). Haka kuma, harshen ya ƙara samun ɗaukaka, a inda aka samar da littafai masu ɗimbin yawa da suka shafi Nahawu da Adabi da Al’ada a cikin harsunan duniya daban-daban da suka haɗa da Larabci da Ingilishi da Jamusanci da Faransanci da Jafananci da Rashanci da Folish da sauransu (Abubakar, 2000).

1.2 Matsayin Harshen Hausa a Duniya

Harshen Hausa, ya kasance tamkar hantsi leƙa gidan kowa, a inda kullum akan jiyo yadda yake samun karɓuwa da martaba a idon duniya. Watau dai, an bayyana yadda harshen Hausa yake samun yawaitar rubuce-rubuce da wallafe-wallafe da koyar da shi a manya da ƙananan makarantu, tarukan ƙara wa juna ilimi, gabatar da shirye-shirye a manyan kafafen yaɗa labarai na ƙasashen duniya, shiga cikin duniyar Intanet ta na’ura mai ƙwaƙwalwa, da ma fannonin in fasaha da ƙere-ƙere. A inda a halin yanzu, ƙasar Saudiyya ta sanya harshen Hausa a cikin jerin manyan harsunan da akan fassara huɗuba da su a masallacin Harami. A ɓangaren ƙasashen Turawa kuwa, an jiyo muryar Hausa a yayin gabatar da sharhin wasanin da suke guudana kai-tsaye a kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya, kamar yadda Muhammad (2015). Har ila yau, an gano cewa, Turawan Ingila da na Jamus da na Faransa sun yi rubuce-rubuce a kan labaru da tatsuniyoyi da karin magana da al’adu tare da yi fassare-fassare daga wasu zuwa harshen  Hausa mai abin mamaki. A kan wannan ne, ya sa har suka kafa wata ƙungiya mai suna ‘Hausa Association’ a shekarar 1891 a ƙasar Ingila. A wannan takarda, an gano yadda Turawa suka daɗe suna hanƙoron ganin, sun san irin albarkatun da suke shimfiɗe a ƙasar Hausa da sani ko koyon harshen Hausa da al’adun Hausawa. Wannan ya faru ne, tun lokacin zuwan Turawa masu yawon buɗe ido, a ƙarkashin Mango Park.Sai Turawan Mishan masu yaɗa addinin kiristanci da kuma Turawan mulkin mallaka.

1.3 Bunƙasar Harshen Hausa a Duniya

Binciken masana da dama ya nuna yadda harshen Hausa, ya samu karɓuwa a faɗin duniya, a inda ya zamo hantsi leƙa gidan kowa dangane da rin cuɗanya da al’ummar Hausawa sukan yi da sauran al’ummomi na duniya. Wannan cuɗanya, ta kasance ta fuskar kasuwanci da ciniki da fatauci da neman ilimi da auratayya da sauran hanyoyin hulɗar zamantakewa. Haka kuma, ci gaba da yaɗa harshen a wasu daga cikin manya da ƙananan kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya, ya ƙara nuna mana iri yadda harshen yake cigaba da samun karɓuwa a duniya. Sannan, an ga irin yadda kafafe da shafukan sada-zumunta na zamani a duniya, sukan yi amfani da shi wajen isar da saƙonni a yau.

Bugu da ƙari, an ga yadda akan yi amfani da Allunan tallace-tallace na kamfanoni da sauran hukumomin gwamnati a nan gida da ma ƙasashen ƙetare.

Nason da harshen ya yi wa manya da ƙananan harsuna, a nan gida Nijeriya, Afirka ta yamma da ma sauran sassa na duniya duk ya taimaka wajen cigaban harshen na Hausa a duniya. Bugu da ƙari, fannonin fasaha da ƙere-ƙere duk sun rungumi harshen wajen yaɗa ayyukansu, sannan ga irin fassare-fassaren da akan samar daga manyan harsunan duniya zuwa Hausa, a fannon i daban-daban na rayuwa, ko yin tafinta a lokacin gudanar da manyan taruka a faɗin duniya. Baya ga kwaikwayon al’adu da ɗabi’un al’ummar Hausawa daga sauran ƙabilu na duniya.

1.4 Hanyoyi da Dalilan Bunƙasar Harshen Hausa

Harshen Hausa ya samu gatanci da ɗaukaka, a tsakanin dangoginsa, musamman waɗanda suke zaune, a Afirka ta yamma idan ka cire Swahili ta waɗannan hanyoyi kamar haka:

1.4.1 Gudunmuwar Fatake Hausawa

A nan, an nuna yadda Bahaushe ya kasance mai neman na kansa, ta yadda yakan tashi daga nan ƙasarsa ya kutsa kasashen duniya domin yin fatauci, wanda hakan ya ba shi damar cuɗanya da sauran al’ummomi na duniya irin su Sudan da sauransu. Kuma, ta wannan hanya ce harshen ya samu yaɗuwa ta fuskar cinikayya da addini da sauran mu’amaloli na yau da kullum (Bergery, 1993).

1.4.2 Samuwar Hanyar Rubutu

Bahaushe ya samu hanyar rubutu da ne tun bayan haɗuwar sa da Larabawa ‘yan kasuwa da masu yaɗa addinin musulunci, a inda ya koyi amfani da haruffan Larabci tare da ƙirƙiro hanyar yin amfani da harshen Larabci wajen rubuta Hausa (Ajami), domin kuwa ta taimaka sosai wajen yaɗa harshen Hausa (Bergery, 1993).An samu rubuce-rubuce masu yawa a cikin Hausar Ajami, baya ga irin waɗanda aka samu tun a ƙarni na 17 da 18 ta hannun manyan Malamai, kamar su; Wali Ɗanmasani da Wali Ɗanmarina, sai kuma a lokacin su Malam Shi’itu Ɗan Abdurra’uf da Malam Muhammadu na Birnin Gwari. Sai kuma a ƙarni 19, lokacin da masu jihadi,a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo da Almajiransa suka samar da waƙoƙi da litittafai da ƙasidu da kundaye da sauransu (Allah SWT Ya gafarta masu).

1.4.3 Sha’awar da Turawa Suka Nuna wa Harshen Hausa

Harshen Hausa ya samu karɓuwa a hannun Turawa ‘Yan yawon buɗe-ido da ‘Yan kasuwa da ‘Yan mulkin mallaka wajen rubuta labarai ko yin fassara/tafinta, a inda aka samar da kundaye, littatafai da ƙamus-kamus da sauransu. Turawa irin su Schon da Robinson da Miller d.s. duk sun hidimta wa Hausa wajen ɗaukaka ta tun daga ƙarni na 19. Bahaushe ya kwaikwayi hanyar rubutun Ajami ya ƙirƙiro rubutun boko (Yahaya da wasu, 1992).

1.4.4 Kafa Makarantu

Daga cikin ƙokarin da Taurawa suka yi na haɓaka harshen Hausa, akwai kafa makarantu a wasu manyan garuruwa na ƙasara Hausa, kamar Sakkwato a 1909 da Kano da Katsina da sauransu.

1.4.5 Rubuta Littatafai a Harshen Hausa

Turawa sun rubuta littatafai a cikin Harshen Hausa kamar; Littafin Tatsuniyoyin Hausa na Edgar’, 1912 sai ‘Hausa Sayings and Folklore’, 1992 da ‘Al’adun Hausa da Zantuttukansu’, 1932. Sannan an samu irin su Ruwan Bagaja da Shaihu Umar da asauransu ta hanyar sanya gasa a 1933.

1.4.6 Fassara wasu Ayyuka na Ingilishi zuwa Hausa

Turawa suna da hanyar rubutu ta fuskar Adabi kuma sun yi fassare-fassare tun kafin Bahushe ya samu hanyar rubutu, misali, an fassara Littafin “Daren Sha Biyu” watau “Twelfth Night” da sauransu.

1.4.7 Nazarin Haarshen Hausa a Jami’o’i da Sauran Manyan Makarantu

An nuna yadda Hausa ta samu gata da kwarjini har ta sanya karsashi ta fuskar nazari a makarantu inda aka samu manyan Shaihun nan Malamai da suka yi karatu a manyan Jami’o’in Ƙasashen waje da kuma koyar da Hausa a Manyan makarantungida Nijeriya, aka fito da darussa daban daban, a kan harshe da al’adu da kuma adabi.

1.4.8 Samuwar Kafafen Yaɗa Labarai na Hausa

Hausa ta kasance harshen farko daga Afirka da aka fara yaɗa shirye-shirye cikinta ta kafar BBC a 1957. A inda ƙasashen duniya suka bi sahu domin yaɗa manufofinsu a kan mulkin mallaka. A yau, akwai aƙalla 20 irin su; BBC, VOA, Rediyo Sin, Iran, Saudiyya, Nijar, Rasha da sauransu.Bugu da ƙari, akwai gidajen Talabijin da kamfanonin buga jaridu da mujallu a cikin Hausa, musamman a dukkan jihohin Arewaci da kuma wasu sassa na kudancin Nijeriya da ma yankin Afirka ta yamma.A yau, harshen Hausa ya samu ɗaukaka, a inda za ka ga kusan duk kafafen yaɗa labarai na duniya sukan yi amfani da shi wajen yaɗa shirye-shiryensu cikin Hausa. Harshen Hausa ya yi wa sauran harsunan Nijeriya fintinkau, kamar yadda aka ga sauran ƙasashen duniya sukan yi amfani da shi a inda zai iya zama cikin 10 na farko a nan gaba a duniya.

1.4.9 Tasirin Harshen Hausa a kan wasu Ƙananan Harsuna

Dangane da wannan batu kuwa, Harshen Hausa ya yi matukar tasiri a kan wasu ƙananan harsuna, musamman a nan ƙasa Nijeriya da ma wasu ƙasashen ƙetare. Kuma akwai dalilai kamar haka:

·         Ƙarancin masu amfani da irin waɗancan Harsuna.

·         Sai bambancin Harsuna biyu masu mu’amalar addini ko kasuwanci.

·         Rashin yin amfani da harshen daga matasa sai dai manya kawai.

·         Harshen Hausa ya tanadi kalmomi da kalamai na addini da kasuwanci da sauransu.

1.5 Abubuwan da kan yi wa Harshen Hausa Tarnaƙi a Yau

Akwai ƙalubalen da harshen Hausa yakan fuskanta, musamman daga matasanmu na wannan zamani, inda ba su mayar da hankali ga kishin harshen sai dai kwakwayon wasu baƙin al’adu. Haƙiƙa, wannan babbar barazana ce ta fuskar cigaban harshe da ala’adu a duniya.

1.5.1 Aron Kalmomi daga wasu Harsuna

A nan, an yi jan hankali a kan yawaitar aron kalmomi yakan iya jefa harshen Hausa ga barazanar ɓacewar tsofaffin kalmomi kuma halastattu, musamman a inda ba a buƙatar aron kamar haka:

S/N	Tsohuwar Kalma	Sabuwar Kalma	Gloss
1.	Magatakarda	Sakatare	Secretary
2.	Kundi	Alban	Album
3.	Magogi	Buroshi	Brush
4.	Ƙwallo	Bal	Ball
5.	Moɗa	Kofi	Cup
6.	Tabarau	Gilashi	Eye glass
7.	Matsefi	Kum	Cumb
8.	Masana’anta	Kamfani	Company
9.	Zinari	Gwal	Gold
10.	Ƙwadago/ Barema	Leburanci	Labour

1.5.2 Gurɓata Tsarin Ilimi na Ƙasa wajen Karrama Harshen Hausa

Matasa sun ƙirƙiro wata hanyar karya ƙa’idojin rubutu a yau, musamman a shafukan sada-zumunta na zamani a lokacin aika wa da saƙonni ko hira a tsakaninsu, a inda sukan datse kalma daga siga ko siffarta ta asali a nahawun harshen Hausa. Misali:

S/N	Cikakkiyar Kalma	Datsattsiyar Kalma	Gloss
1.	Lafiya	Lfy	Health
2.	Malam	Mlm	Teacher
3.	Aboki	Abk	Friend
4.	Ƙalau	Ƙl	Fine
5.	Soyayya	Syy	Love
6.	Kasuwa	Ksw	Market
7.	Sallama	Slm	Greeting
8.	Rubutu	Rbt	Writing
9.	Karatu	Krt	Reading
10.	Littafi	Ltf	Book
11.	Gida	Gd	Home

1.5.3 Gazawar Tsarin Ilimi na Ƙasa wajen Karrama Harshen Hausa

An samu gazawar hukumomin ilimi na ƙasa wajen yin shakulatun- ɓangaro ta fuskar koyar da harshen Hausa, a manya da ƙananan makarantun ƙasar nan, a inda ta zama zaɓi a tsakanin sauran darussa ko da a nan Arewacin Nijeriya.

1.5.4 Tanadin Tsarin Mulkin Ƙasa na Harshen Gudanarwa (Official  Language)

An ga yadda tilasta yin amfani da harshen Ingilishi a ofisoshin Gwamnati da Majalisun Tarayya da Bankuna da sauran hanyoyin cigaban ƙasa. Duk kuwa da cewa, mafi rinjayen ‘yan majalisun Tarayya sukan yi magana da Hausa. Sannan, hatta kuɗin Nijeriya an yi masu rubutun Hausar Ajami da ma na Hausar boko tsantsa.

1.6 Ɗorewa da Gurɓacewar Harshen Hausa a Duniya

Babu ko tantama harshen Hausa zai ci gaba da bunƙasa a nan gaba matuƙar dai ana raye a duniya. Sai dai kash! Akwai tuntuɓe daɗin gushi, a dangane da cigaban harshen Hausa a yau, domin kuwa, wannan cigaba yana tattre da ƙalubale da kuma matsaloli daban daban duba da irin barazana ko tarnaƙi da harshen na Hausa yakan fuskanta ta fuskar cuɗanya da sauran al’ummomi na duniya, a inda akan samu wasu al’adu sun yi naso a kan harshen Hausa kamar yadda akan gani a tattare da al’ummar Hausawa, musamman ma matasa. Don kuwa, a yau da kamar wuya ka ji ɗan Bahaushe ya yi magana ko furuci ɗaya zuwa uku ba tare da ya yi surki, watau ya cuɗanya kalmomi ko jumlolin Hausa da wasu baƙin harsuna ba, misali Engausa tsakanin Hausa da Turanci. 

Haka kuma, yawaitar gurɓatattun fassare-fassare da ke jikin bangaye da allunan kan tituna na tallace-tallace ko alamomin kan hanya na sanarwa da sauransu duk suna nuna barazanar koma bayan harshen ganin irin yadda akan tauye martaba da darajar wannan mashahurin harshe, a inda sau da yawa za ka taras ma waɗanda ba Hausawa ne ba, sukan yi kaka-gida tare da karambanin yin fassara daga waɗansu harsuna zuwa Hausa don samun abin masarufi. Kuma daga ƙarshe ma,saƙon da ake ƙaƙarin isarwa ga jama’a bai wadatar ba. Hasali ma, sai dai saɓa ƙa’idar harshen da al’adunsa da akan yi musamman idan muka ɗauki salon tallace-tallacen kamfanonin sadarwa.

Har ila yau, yanayin shiga, watau sanya tufafi, nau’ukan abinci, bukukuwa, gine-gine da sauran hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa na yau da kullum duk sun gurɓata da na wasu al’ummomi. Babban abin takaici a nan shi ne, a yau cikin al’ummar Hausawa idan ba ka ɗabi’antu da aron kalmomi ba ko yafa waɗansu baƙin al’adu waɗanda ba na Hausawa ba, to akan rinƙa yi maka kallon wanda bai waye ba. A yayin da idan ka kasance mai yin riƙo da al’adu da ɗabi’un Hausawa na gargajiya kuwa, to akan ɗauke ka a matsayin wanda bai waye ba, a inda za a riƙa mayar da kai saniyar-ware a lokacin gudanar da wasu lamurra na rayuwar al’umma. Wannnan yakan faru ne, a lokacin bukukuwa da manyan taruka musamman a birane da sauran wurare.

Wata babbar matsala da ta kunno kai a yanzu ita ce, ta mayar da harshen Hausa saniyar ware a tsakanin manyan harsunan duniya musamman a nan ƙasa Nijeriya kuma yakin Arewa inda aka yanke wa Hausa Cibi, ta yadda aka fitar da Hausa daga cikin manhajar koyarwa a ƙanana da manyan makarantun ƙasar nan, wanda hakan babbar barazana ce ga yaranmu masu tasowa. Domin kuwa, koyon harshen a gida kaɗai ba zai wadatar da su wajen tashi da harshen ba, watau koyonsa a makaranta yakan taimaka su fahinci rayuwa sosai, sannan su ƙara naƙaltar sabbin kalmomi da suka shafi kimiyya da fasaha da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi zamani. Hatta sauran darussa ma idan da za a koya wa ɗan Bahaushe da harshen Uwa to da sai ya fi saurin fahinta.

Idan muka duba rahoton da hukuma mai kula da fa’idar shirin – game  duniya, a fannin zamantakewa ta bayar a shekarar 2004, inda ta nuna cewa, lamarin ya fi fa’idantar ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Haka kuma, rahoton ya bayyana cewa, a shirin na shirin – game   duniya an fi damuwa da yanayi da kuma yadda ake sarrafa shi, duk da cewa hakan yakan tauye ƙasashe masu tasowa cikin ɗaukar matakai na inganta rayuwar al’ummarsu Yakasai (2020). A don haka, wannan ya nuna cewa, irin wannan tsari bai dace da mu ba a yanzu, hasali ma yakan bijiro mana da wasu matsaloli ne ta fuskar cigaban rayuwar al’umma da suka shafi tattalin arziki da cigaban ƙasa. Kasancewar ƙasar Hausa ta hudo ne cikin ƙasar Nijeriya ta Arewa inda babu wadatar wutar lantarki da aikin yi ko yawaitar kamfanoni ga ƙarancin ilimi da wayewa ballantan ma, a ce har karanmu ya kai tsaikon da za mu rungumi irin wancan cigaba na fasaha da ƙere-ƙere wajen gudanar da rayuwarmu ta yau da kullum. Domin kuwa, da yawa daga cikin irin waɗannan kayayyaki sun gurɓata tarbiyyar ‘ya’yan Hausawa, a yau ta yadda sukan yi watsi da harshe da al’adunmu na gargajiya su rungumi na zamani, wanda hakan babbar barazana ce ga harshen namu na gado a yau.

1.7 Kammalawa

Daga ƙarshe, mun ga irin martabar da harshen Hausa ya samu, kuma ya yaɗu a sassa daban-daban na duniya. Kuma an ga matsaloli da ƙalubalen da harshen yake fuskanta a yau. Saboda haka, binciken ya kawo mafita kamar haka: A samu kishin harshen daga masu shi. A ƙara ƙaimi da jajircewa wajen mayar da harshen Hausa harshen ƙasa. A ƙarfafa hukumar fassara ta ƙasa don fassara litittafai a fannoni daban-daban na ilimi. A ƙara ƙarfafa wa masu bincike guiwa ta hanyar ba su tallafi na musamman a cikin ayyukansu. Akwai buƙatar tsarin ilimi na ƙasa ya bai wa Hausa matsayinta na Uwa Ma-ba-da-Mama. Binciken ya gano yadda Harshen Hausa yake yin mamaya tare da laƙume ƙananan harsuna a lungu da saƙo ko sassa daban-daban na duniya. Sannan an fahinci yadda harshen ya samu ɗaukaka ko bunƙasar da sauran hasunan Afirka ba su samu ba. Domin kuwa, an yi ittifaƙin cewa, akwai majiya ko masu magana da shi sama da milyan ɗari (100,000,000) a faɗin duniya. Bugu da ƙari, an samu bayanai a kan yadda Turawa suka rungumi bincike da nazarin harshen Hausa, har suka zama Farfesoshi a manyan Jami’o’in ƙasashen waje. Har ila yau, an fito da bayanai tare da yin tsokaci, a inda aka hango yadda Hausa ta ɗaras ma tsara, wajen bunƙasa tare da samun karɓuwa a duniya, a inda ta yaɗu, kuma ta zama hantsi leƙa gidan kowa, watau ko’ina akwai ta a duniya. Kuma mun ga yadda Turawa suka ƙarfafa wa Hausawa guiwa don ci gaba da yin nazari a kan harshen nasu na gado saboda muhimmancinsa ga rayuwar al’ummar duniya baki ɗaya.Harshen Hausa ya kasance na biyu(2) a yankin Afirka baya ga Swahili, sannan na goma sha ɗaya (11) a Duniya (Bunza, 2019). An ruwaito cewa, Majalisar ɗinkin Duniya ta ware “Ranar Hausa ta Duniya” don nuna tasirinta da kuma yadda kafafen yaɗa labarai suke ƙoƙarin fito da Adabi da Al’adun Hausawa domin ƙara samun karɓuwa a Duniya.Wannan ne, ya sa aka samar da kafafen yaɗa labarai a duk jihohin Arewacin Nijeriya don gabatar da shirye-shirye cikin Hausa.

1.8 Shawarwari

A duk inda aka samu nasara, to sai an haɗu da ‘yan matsaloli nan da can kafin a cimma wani ƙuduri na rayuwa. A nan ma, harshen Hausa ya samu nasarar laƙume waɗansu harsuna a faɗin duniya, sai dai duk da haka ba a raba shi da fuskantar waɗansu matsaloli da za a iya kallon su a mtsayin tarnaƙi na ɗorewar waccan nasara da ya samu dangane da cigaba ko bunƙasar da ya yi a duniya.

Saboda haka, akwai hanyoyi da matakan da za a bi wajen magance irin waɗancan matsaloli da sukan yi wa harshen na Hausa barazana ta fuskar ɗorewar cigabansa. Irin waɗannan hanyoyi kuwa su ne kamar haka:

1.   Iyaye su tashi tsaye wajen ganin suna koya wa ‘ya’yansu harshensu na gado yadda ya kamata, ko da kuwa sun tsinci kansu a birane ko muhallin da ba a aiwatar da Hausa.

2.   Matasanmu su yi tsayuwar daka wajen ganin sun daina gurɓata harshen Hausa da wasu baƙin harsuna. Misali; Engausa da sauransu.

3.   Kamfanoni da hukumomi da sauran jama’a su tabbatar sun rinƙa bai wa ƙwararru aikin fassara ko tafinta don a haifar da ɗa mai ido dangane da saƙon da ake son isarwa ga al’umma.

4.   Farfaɗowa tare da inganta hukumomin fassara da na talifi don tsaftace aikin fassara da tafinta, tare da samun wallafe-wallafe cikin Hausa don samun ƙarin abin karantawa da kuma sanya gasa ga marubuta.

5.   A yi gaggawar dawo da harshen Hausa a cikin jerin darussan da ake koyarwa a makarantun Firamare da na gaba da Firamare (Sakandare).

6.    Sai ɗan Bahaushe ya nuna kishin gaske wajen yin riƙo da al’adu da ɗabi’un Hausawa a duk inda ya samu kansa, don kuwa ta haka ne martabar harshen za ta ɗore a diniya har ma ta ci gaba da ɗarar ma tsara.

7.   Akwai buƙatar Hausawa su kula sosai wajen yin amfani da kafofin sada-zumunta na zamani duba da irin yadda shirin game-duniya (globalization) ya zo da wani sabon salon isar da saƙonni ta hanyar taƙaita kalmomi da ma ƙirƙirar wasu salalen rubutu na zamani da kuma yin amfani da alamomi duk dai don taƙaitawa kawai.

8.   Bayar da tallafi ga masana da masu bincike da ma ɗalibai wajen lalubo hanyoyin magance irin waɗancan matsaloli da suke neman dabaibaye wannan harshe tun kafin su gagari kundila da sauransu.

Manazarta

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Abubakar, A. (2000). An Introductory Hausa Morphology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maiduguri Nigeria.

Adamu, M. (1998). Hausa Factor in West Africa. Zaria: ABU Press

Bashir, A. & Umar, A.M. (2022).Tashintashinar Zamfara a Riwayar Jaridar Aminiya In Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature and Culture (JLLC). ISSN: Print 2757-6730 ISSN: Online 2782-8182, Volume 1, No. 1. Pp226-234www.tasambo.com

Bergery, G.P. (1993). A Hausa – English Dictionary and English – Hausa Vocabulary, Second Edition. Zaria: ABU Press

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Mohammed, Y.M. (2015). Hausa a Yau. Zaria: ABU Press.

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Robinson, H.C. (1925). Dictionary of Hausa Language, vol.1; London Cambridge University        Press.

Yakasai, S.A. (2017). Hanyoyin Adana Harshen Hausa da Al’adun Hausawa Cikin Barazanar Fasahar Zamani. Takardar da aka gabatar a  Taron Al’adun Hausawa na Duniya a Kasar Burkina Faso, mai taken Gudunmuwar Hausawa Wajen Bunƙasa Cigaban Afirka. Wagadugu: Gundumar Provincia de Kadiogo, Burkina Faso.  14 – 16 na watan Afirilu, 2017.

Yakasai, S.A. (2020). Jagoran Nazarin Walwalar Harshe. Kaduna: Amal Printing Press.