Turken Nasaba a Cikin Wasu Wakokin Abdun Inka Bakura

Citation: Sarkin Gulbi, A.and Ahmed, U. (2024). Turken Nasaba a Cikin Wasu Waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura. Ginshiƙin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa, 170-174. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2024.v03i01.020.

Turken Nasaba a Cikin Wasu Waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura

Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi
Department of Nigerian Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo Unversity, Sokoto
08089949294
asgulbi@gmail.com 

Da

Umar Ahmed
Department of Linguistics
Usmanu Danfodiyo Unversity, Sokoto
07031569155
ummaru@gmail.com

Tsakure: Waƙa wata fasaha ce da Allah ya hore wa ɗan’Adam wajen amfani da harshensa da tunaninsa, domin ya isar da saƙo ga al’ummar da yake a cikinsu. Allah ya albarkaci ƙasar Hausa da nau’o’in mawaƙa da makaɗa da dama, musamman a yankin Sakkwato da Zamfara da Kabi. Wannan yankin ciki yake da fitattun mawaƙa da makaɗa na fannonin rayuwa daban-daban. Misali akwai Ibrahim Narambaɗa da Salihu Jan kiɗi da Sa’idu Faru da Aliyu Dandawo da Sani Aliyu Dandawo da kuma Alhaji Abdun Inka Bakura da suka yi fice a waƙoƙin sarauta. A ɗayan ɓangaren kuwa akwai Alhaji Musa Dankwairo Maradun da ya shahara a waƙoƙin Jama’a, kazalika akwai Alhaji Dan’Anace da ya shahara a fagen waƙoƙin maza (Dambe). Amali Sububu kuwa ya yi fice ne a waƙoƙin noma. Basirar da waɗannan makaɗa da mawaƙa suke da ita ba ƙarama ba ce. Gane irin wannan basirar kuwa ba zai yiyu ba, sai an koma ga fahimtar yadda suke ƙulla zaren tunaninsu musamman ta amfani da salailai masu armashi da burgewa. Nazari ya yi nisa game da waƙoƙin waɗannan mawaƙa, sai dai ba a zurfafa bincike ba dangane da salon aiwatar da waƙoƙinsu a ɗaiɗaikun mataki, face kaɗan daga cikin manazarta da suka aiwatar da irin wannan nazari (Dankwairo, 2019). Maƙasudin wannan maƙala shi ne domin a yi nazarin irin yadda makaɗa Abdun Inka Bakura yake turke ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa da yabon nasaba da kuma duba yadda suka mamaye wasu daga cikin waƙoƙinsa. Dabarun da aka bi wajen gano hakan kuwa shi ne ta amfani da sauraren waƙoƙinsa da aka naɗa a kaset-kaset da C.D da kuma wayoyin zamani. Daga ƙarshe takardar ta tantance da kuma gano yadda yabon nasaba ya mamaye sauran salailai da ke cikin waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura da yadda kutsen salon ke ƙara ƙawata waƙoƙinsa. Takardar ta gano cewa da za a cire yabon nasaba a cikin waƙoƙinsa, da waƙoƙinsa ba su sami gindin zama ba.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Turke, Nasaba, Waƙoƙin baka, Abdun Inka Bakura

Gabatarwa

Wannan muƙala an gina ta ne bisa tafarkin laluben yadda ake samun turken yabon nasaba a cikin wasu waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura. Takardar ta yi imanin cewa, da za a cire yabon nasaba a cikin waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura, da waƙoƙinsa ba su sami gindin zama da kuma karɓuwa ga jama’a ba. Dangane da haka ne wannan nazari ya himmatu, domin tono irin yadda mawaƙin ke tsarma kalmomi ko lafuzzan nasaba a cikin waƙoƙinsa har abin ya zamar masa ɗaya daga cikin muhimman jigogin da ake iya gani a cikin waƙoƙinsa. Kafin nan, za a bayar da bayani a kan ma’anar waƙa da yabon nasaba da wane ne Abdun Inka Bakura da yadda ya sami kansa a cikin aiwatar da sana’ar waƙa.

Waƙa

A ilmance waƙa a Hausa nau’i biyu ce. Akwai waƙar baka da kuma rubutacciyar waƙa. Wannan muƙala ta karkata kan waƙar baka ne, don haka, ita za a bayyana.

Bisa ma’ana Yahya (1997:5)^[1] yana kallon waƙa a matsayin tsararriyar maganar hikima da ta ƙunshi saƙo cikin zaɓaɓɓun kalmomi da aka auna domin maganar ta reru ba faɗuwa kurum ba. Masanin ya ce ita waƙar baka ana rera magana ne tare da amfani da kayan kiɗa bayan zaɓen kalmomi da tsara su.

A wurin Gusau (2003:63)^[2] waƙar baka wani zance ne shiryayye cikin hikima da azanci da yake zuwa gaɓa-gaɓa bisa ka’idojin tsari da daidatawa a rere cikin sautin murya da amsa-amon kari da kiɗa da ‘Yan amshi.

Idan aka yi la’akari da abin da masana suka faɗa dangane da abin da suke ganin ake kira waƙar baka, to ana iya cewa waƙar baka wani zance ne na hikima ko magana wadda aka shirya ta hanyar tsara kalmomi zaɓaɓɓu kuma zaunannu, a rera su gutsure-gutsure cikin azanci da salon armashi, tare da yin kiɗa, da ‘Yan amshi, da nufin isar da saƙo na musamman ga jama’a ko masu sauraro.

Ma’anar Turken Nasaba

Turken nasaba, yabo ne na ambatar wasu kalmomi da nufin koɗa ko wasa mutum ta wajen halinsa ko wani abun da mutum ya yi na bajinta ko iyayensa ko kakanninsa. Makaɗa suna amfani da irin wannan salo ne domin a kamanta mutum da wasu halaye kyawawa ko a ba shi wasu siffofi, waɗanda za su ƙara masa kwarjini a idon jama’a.

Dangane da haka, Makaɗa da mawaƙan ƙasar Hausa, kan turke ɗiyan waƙoƙinsu da turken yabon nasaba, domin su bayyana asalin mutum da dangantakarsa da mahaifansa ko wasu mutane da suka yi fice a fagen sarauta ko sana’ar gidansu. A irin wannan yabon, za a ji mawaƙi yana ambaton uwayen mutum da kakanninsa da ma kakanin kakanninsa a cikin waƙa. Yin haka, shi ke fito da gwarzon da ake yi wa waƙa a fili, kuma waƙar ta yi armashi.

Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Alhaji Abdun Inka Bakura

An haifi Alhaji Abdun Inka Bakura a shekarar 1914 a garin ‘Yar Kufoji ta ƙaramar hukumar Talatar Mafara ta jihar Sakkwato a da, yanzu kuwa a cikin Bakura ta jihar Zamfara, watau kimanin shekaru ɗari da tara (109) da suka wuce zuwa yau 2023. Muhammad da Muhammad (1994:2). Sunan Mahifinsa shi ne Umaru, mahaifiyar kuwa ana ce da ita Inka. Waƙa kuwa ya gade ta ne a wajen mahaifinsa, duk da yake ba ya rayu da mahaifin ba. Ya fara yi wa ‘yan mata kiɗan bojo ne a dandali, daga baya ya kama waƙar noma. Kwarewarsa a waƙoƙin noma ne ya sa ya fara waƙoƙin sarauta, musamman a yankin masarautun Bakura da Talata Mafara da kuma Anka.

A fannin ilmi kuwa, kamar sauran makaɗan {asar Hausa, Abdun Inka ya yi karatun Alƙur’ani da littattafan Furu’a. Don haka, ba jahili ba ne. ‘Yan amshinsa guda bakwai ne da kuma sankira ɗaya. Allah ya yi masa rasuwa bayan fama da jinya, ya bar mata da ‘ya’ya da jikoki.

Baje Kolin Nasaba a Cikin Wasu Waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura

A wannan kason takardar za ta himmatu wajen nazarin turken nasaba daga cikin waƙoƙi daban-daban na Alhaji Abdun Inka Bakura. Kaɗan daga cikin waƙoƙin da za a nazarta sun haɗa da ta Sarkin Musulmi Sada Abubakar na III da ta Sarkin Ɓurmin Bakura da Sarkin Mafara da Sarkin Anka da sauransu.

Nasaba a Waƙar Sarkin Musulmi Sa’adu Abubakar na III

Alhaji Abdun Inka Bakura ya fayyace asalin Sarkin Musulmi Sa’adu a cikin wasu ɗiyan waƙarsa inda yake danganta shi da iyaye da kakanninsa, kamar yadda za mu gani a misalan da takardar ta zaƙulu.

Gindin waƙa: Sarkin Musulmi Sada jikan Hassan ɗan Bello

Gwarzon Mu’azu Abubakar Ɗan Iro baban Maina,

Sarkin Musulmi Sada jikan Hassan ɗan Bello,

Ɗan sarkin Gabas sarki mai kasada irin Lamiɗo,

Da gani nai ka ga Abubakar shi ne Hassan Ɗan Bello,

Gindin waƙa: Sarkin Musulmi Sada jikan Hassan ɗan Bello.

Abdun Inka na za ka murna jikan Hassan as sarki,

Tun ran da yay yi sarauata nis samu babbar sa’a X2,

Gwarzon Bala ɗan Umaru gogarman Ciroma na Macciɗo,

Sarki waliyin Allah jikan waliyyan Allah,

Da Kano da Bauchi da Zazzau da na Barno Gombe Katagum,

Kakanka ya raba tuta duk yau suna hannunka.

Gindin waƙa: Sarkin Musulmi Sada jikan Hassan ɗan Bello.

A cikin waɗannan ɗiyan waƙar da aka bayar a sama mawaƙin ya fito da yabon nasaba a fili a ɗaukacin ɗiyan waƙar inda yake danganta Sarkin Musulmi da iyayensa da kakanninsa da kuma ‘yanuwansa kamar yannansa da ƙannensa.

Misali, tun a gindin waƙar, an nuna cewa, jikan Sarkin Musulmi Hassan ne kuma ɗa ga Muhammadu Bello.

 Idan aka nutsa a cikin sauran ɗiyan waƙoƙin kuwa, ya nuna dangantakar sarkin Musulmi Sada da Sarki Mu’azu da kuma sarkin Musulmi Ibrahim Dasuki. Wanda hakan ya nuna yadda yabon nasaba ya mamaye waƙar sarkin Musulmi Sa’adu Abubakar na uku.

Waƙar Sarkin Ɓurmin Bakura Injiniya Bello Sani

Waƙar Sarkin Ɓurmin Bakura ita ma cike take da amfani da turken nasaba kamar yadda mawaƙin ya shahara ga amfani da salon nasaba a cikin waƙoƙinsa. Ga misalai daga cikin waƙar kamar haka;

Gidin waƙa: Gwarzon Tafida ɗan Mamman gwarzon Balaraba.

Mijin Hajiya Rabi Bello kar ka zo ka bari Arna su hau maka,

Shirarren sarki ɗan Abubakar ba togewa Bello Emiya,

Bello ɗan Mamman girmanka ya daɗa,

Na Amadu Sani ɗan Garba taƙamar da mu kai duk taka ta mu kai,

Bello kar ka ji tsoro, mugun madanbaci jikan sarki Muhammadu,

Duk darajar Ɗankwai garai take,

Had da ta Maijirgi garai take,

Ka gade sarki Ima arzikin da Ibo yay yo garai yake,

Bello ya zama sarki ya gade arzikin Bahago kai taka ta yi kyau.

Gidin waƙa: Gwarzon Tafida ɗan Mamman gwarzon Balaraba,

Mijin Hajiya Rabi Bello kar ka zo ka bari Arna su hau maka,

Shirarren sarki ɗan Abubakar ba togewa Bello Emiya.

Idan aka dubi wannan baitin, za a tarar da cewa kowane ɗan waƙar da ke cikin baitin yana ɗauke da nasaba. Inda aka fito da dangantakar nasaba ko zuri’a da ke tsakanin Sarki Bello da iyayensa da kakanninsa. Misali an ga yadda mawaƙin ke dangantasa da Ɗankwai (Sarki Yusufa, sarki na 16) Ibo (Sarki Ibrahim 1375-1409, Sarkin Ɓurmi na 22) Sarki Mamman (1493-1529).

A wani ɗan waƙa kuwa, makaɗin ya fito da ɗabi’ar haƙuri da kyauta da aka san iyayensa da su, ga abin da yake cewa:

Da hakuri da imani da muhibba irin ta Babanai,

kowa na taho ga ɗan Mamman ya taimaka masa.

Ya sai maka mota, kana ya sa a yo manyan kaya a kai maka.

A wannan ɗiyan waƙa, yabo ne yake ma sarki na haƙuri da jama’arsa, da kuma yi musu kyauta, wanda ya gada tun ga mahaifansa.

A wani ɗan waƙar, yana yabon sarki Bello game da salon mulkinsa inda yake cewa:

Sarki ɗan sarki Bello shugaban tawagar birni da ƙauyuka,

Gwada masu kai as sarki abin da duk kac ce ko dole shi akai.

Sai hamdala ga Allah yau daɗa ka yi riƙo daidai da Amadu ka gade sarki Muhammadu,

Kai a Ɗankwai ko dole sai a bi ka ana neman abin daka.

A nan ma, mawaƙin ya yi amfani da yabon nasaba, inda ya danganta sarki Bello da salon mulkin sarkin Bakura Amadu da sarki Muhammadu.

Waƙar Sarkin Zamfaran Anka (Attahiru)

A cikin waƙar sarkin Anka ma, makaɗa Abdun Inka ya yi halinsa na turke waƙarsa da yabon nasaba. Bari mu dubi wasu daga cikin ɗiyan waƙar mu ga abin da yake faɗa kamar haka:

Gidin waƙa: Sarkin Zamfara Attahiru na Isah koma shirin duniya,

Sarkin Zamfara Attahiru naAmadu Atta barka da arziki,

Yau naka nufi ya cike x2,

Ya gadi Abdu ya zamna karaga,

Ya gadi Abdu ya zamne karaga,

Alhaji ya bar mahasada nai kwance suna gardama,

Na Isah koma shirin duniya, Sarkin Zamfara Attahiru,

Ɗan Ila ɗan Hassan, ɗan Durumbu giwa ba ki kwana da haƙo.

Idan muka dubi waɗannan ɗiyan waƙar da idon nazari, za mu cewa mawaƙin bai saɓa ƙa’idarsa ta amfani da turken nasaba ba. Ya danganta Sarkin Zamfara Attahiru da Iyayensa, kamar Ila da Hassan da kuma Durumbu, domin ya fito da irin dangantakar da ke akwai a tsakaninsu.

Waƙar Sarkin Mafaran Talata Mafara Alhaji Bello Muhammadu Barmo

Gindin waƙa: Alhaji ɗan Na’allah ɗan Ummaru zauna da shirin mulkin duniya,

Sadaukin sarki Bello ana shakkar hau maka.

Mamman Bello yay yi sarauta Mafara duk jama’a sun ce hamdala,

Mamman Bello yay yi sarauta Mafara duk jama’a sun ce hamdala,

Alhaji ɗa mai kamar ubanai,

duk ya hau karagar mulki tamkar ka ishe Mamman duniya,

Ya gade gidan jigau ya yi sarki duk jama’a sun ce hamdala x2,

Sadaukin sarki Bello ana shakkar hau maka.

Garga ya yi sarauta ka gadi arziki nai,

Ka kai kama da shi Mafara ka gadi gidan buri ya cike,

Jigaga ya yi sarauta Mafara,

Ka gadi arziki nai,

Ka kai kama da shi Mafara,

Ka hau karagar Mamman,

Ka gade gidan buri ya cike.

A waɗannan ɗiyan waƙoƙin kuwa, za a tarar cewa mawaƙin tun a gindin waƙar ya nuna nasabar sarki da wasu iyayensa kamar Na’Allah da Ummaru, waɗanda suke dukkansu ƙannan mahaifinsa ne a zumunci.

Baya ga wannan, ya fito da nasabar sarki da wasu kakanninsa da suka yi sarautar Mafara kamar Sarki Garga da Jigaga (jigau). Duk wannan ya ƙara tabbatar muna da irin yadda makaɗa Abdun Inka Bakura yake amfani da salon nasaba wajen fito da sakon waƙoƙinsa.

Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan takarda, kamar yadda aka gani, gudunmawa ce wadda ta fito da yadda wasu mawaƙan baka na Hausa suke cin karensu ba babbaka, wajen sakala yabon nasaba a cikin wasu fitattun waƙoƙinsu, domin su nana irin kwarjini da dangantakar sarakunan da suke yi wa waƙa domin su fito da saƙonsu a fili cikin hikima da nuna ƙwarewa a fagen waƙa. An nazarci wasu waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura guda huɗu (4) wato waƙar Sarkin Musulmi Sa’ad Abubakar na III da waƙar Sarkin Bakura Injiniya Bello Sani Bakura da waƙar Sarkin Mafara Muhammadu Bello Barmo, da kuma waƙar Sarkin Zamfaran Anka Alhaji Attahiru Auwal.

A cikin waƙoƙin aka tsamo wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙi da suke ɗauke da yabon nasabar salon mulki da kyauta da zuri’a da hakuri da zumunci da kuma gadon sarautar.

Takardar ta tabbatar da hasashenta na cewa, da za a cire yabon nasaba a waƙoƙin Abdun Inka Bakura, da ba abin da zai rage. Domin Allah hore masa dabarar saƙala kalmomin yabon nasaba a cikin waƙoƙinsa fiye da sauran takwarorinsa mawaƙan bakan Hausa.

Manazarta

CNHN, (2006), Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero Kano: Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya.

Gusau, S.M. (1983), “Waƙoƙin Noma Na Baka: Jigoginsu Da Yanaye-Yanayensu” Kundin Digiri na Biyu, Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

Gusau, S.M. (1996), Makaɗa Da Mawaƙan Hausa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media services.

Gusau, S.M. (2003), Jagoran Nazarin Waƙar Baka. Kano: Benchmark Publishers Ltd.

Gusau, S.M. (2009), Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka: Zaɓaɓɓun Matanoni Na Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa Kano: Century Research and Publishing Ltd.

Muhammad, Y.N. da Muhammad K. (1994), “Abdun Inka Bakura da Waƙoƙinsa.” Kundinneman Digiri na Farko. Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya. Sakkwato. Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Yahya, A.B. (1997), Jigon Nazarin Waƙa Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

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[1] Duba Yahya, A.B. (1997) Jigon Nazarin Waƙa Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services. Shafi na 5.

[2] A duba Gusau, S.M. (2003) Jagoran Nazarin Waƙar Baka Kano: Benchmark Publishers Ltd. Shafi na 63