Burbushin Sana’ar Sassaka a Wasu Wakokin Baka Na Hausa

Citation: Rambo, R. A. (2024). Ɓurɓushin Sana’ar Sassaƙa A Wasu Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa. Ginshiƙin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa, 583-588.

Ɓurɓushin Sana’ar Sassaƙa a Wasu Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa

Rabiu Aliyu Rambo
Department of Nigerian Languages
Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto

Tsakure: Sana’ar sassaƙa wata muhimmiyar sana’a ce da aka daɗe ana aiwatarwa a ƙasar Hausa, kuma ta taimaka sosai wajen samar da kayayyakin ayyuka da amfanin jama’a na yau da kullum. Duk da haka al’umma tana yi wa sana’ar sassaƙa riƙon sakainar kashi. Wannan shi ya jawo hankalina, na rubuta wannan maƙala. Manufar wannan maƙala ita ce ƙoƙarin nazarin ɓurɓushin sana’ar a bakin wasu mawaƙan Hausa. A nan, maƙalar ta yi nazarin wasu zantuka da mawaƙan kan yi amfani da su a cikin waƙoƙinsu da suka shafi sana’ar sassaƙa kai tsaye ko kaikaice. An ɗauki hanyar nazarin waƙoƙi da tattaunawa a matsayin dubarun aiwatar da wannan bincike. An ɗora akalar wannan bincike a kan tunanin Bahaushe da ke cewa, “Kowani gauta ja ne, sai wanda bai ji rana ba”. Dalilin ɗora wannan maƙala a wannan Bahaushen tunani shi ne ganin cewa, wasu jama’a na yi wa wannan sana’a kallon hadarin kaji tamkar wadda aka bar yayinta saboda shigowar wasu kayayyakin zamani. Sakamakon binciken ya tabbatar da cewa, samuwar ɓurɓushin sassaƙa a cikin waƙoƙin Hausa ya ƙara jaddada matsayi da muhimmincinta a rayuwar Hausawa.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Sana’a, Sassaƙa, Waƙoƙin Baka

1.0 Gabatarwa

Mawaƙa mutane ne da Allah ya albarkace su da wata baiwa ta fasaha da basira musamman wajen sanya natsuwa da nishaɗi a lokacin da suke ƙoƙarin isar da wani saƙo zuwa ga al’umma. Daga cikin saƙonnin da mawaƙan kan isar ga al’umma akwai zantukan da suka shafi ilimamtarwa ko faɗakarwa ko nishaɗantarwa ko yin hannunka mai sanda ga wasu al’amurra a cikin al’umma. Galibi wasu kan yi amfani da kayan kiɗa tare da rera waƙa cikin murya mai armashi.

A wannan maƙalar an yi duba ne ga yadda ake samun ɓurɓushin sana’ar sassaƙa a cikin waƙoƙin baka na Hausawa. Shi kuwa sha’anin ambaton sana’ar sassaƙa a cikin waƙoƙin nuni yake da irin matsayi da kuma muhimmancin sana’ar a cikin al’umma. Lalubo amfani da wasu sassa na lafuzzan mawaƙa da tsatsonsu ya fito daga sassaƙa ita ce babbar manufar aiwatar da wannan bincike domin fito da yadda mawaƙan kan yi amfani da wasu kalmomi ko zantuka da suka shafi sana’ar sassaƙa a cikin waƙoƙinsu.

2.0 Fashin Baƙin Wasu Muhiman Kalmomin Taken Bincike

A wannan sashe, nazarin ya yi ƙoƙarin bayanin wasu muhimman kalmomin da aka yi amfani da su wajen gina taken wannan bincike. A nan, an kawo ra’ayoyin masana daban-daban dangane da ma’anar waɗannan kalmomi. Kalmomin da aka yi bitar ma’anarsu su ne sassaƙa da waƙa.

2.1 Waiwayen Ma’anar Sassaƙa

Masana da ɗaliban ilimi da dama sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu dangane da ma’anar sassaƙa dai-dai fahimtarsu. A wannan fasalin an nazarce su ɗaya bayan ɗaya kamar haka.A cikin Ƙamusun Hausa na CNHN (2006:393) an bayyana sassaƙa da cewa: Abin da aka sarrafa daga itace kamar allo da turmi da mutum-mutumi, sana’ar sassaƙa sana’a ce ta samar da surori.A ra’ayin Wushishi (2011: 24) cewa ya yi: Sana’ar sassaƙa aiki ne na hure ice da aiwatar da shi don a mayar da shi wani abin amfani kamar jirgin ruwa da kujera da kyaure da turmi da taɓarya da akushi da suransu.

Wannan ra’ayin yana nuni da cewa, sassaƙa sana’a ce ta sarrafa itace. Haka Alhassan da Zarruƙ, da Musa, (1982: 54) suna da ra’ayin cewa: Sassaƙa na nufin sarar itace da sarrafa itacen ta hure domin aikatar da shi zuwa dukkan abubuwan da ake buƙata.

A wannan ma’anar, tana ƙoƙarin bayanin cewa, sassaƙa sana’a ce da ake sarrafa itace domin samar da wani abin buƙata na yau da kullum ga al’umma. Har wa yau, Alhassan, da Zarruƙ, da Musa (1980: 41) sun ƙara bayyana ma’anar sassaƙa da cewa: Sana’ar sassaƙa sana’a ce da ake hure ice a mayar da shi abin amfani, kamar jirgin ruwa ko kujera ko kwacciyar sirdi ko takalmin ɗangarafai ko allo ko mutum-mutumi da makamantansu.

Duba daga wannan ma’anar za a ga duk dai maganar sarrafa itace zuwa wasu abubuwan amfani ma’anar ta ƙunsa.Bugu da ƙari, Ambursa (2015: 23) ya rawaito Hamma da Bagudu (2004: 10) suna cewa: Sassaƙa ita ce aikin da ake yi domin samar da kayan amfani musamman kayan aikin noma da suka haɗa da ƙotar gatari da ƙotar kalme da kuma kayan aikin gida da suka haɗa da kujerar zama ta mata da akushi da dai sauransu.

Bisa ga waɗannan ra’ayoyi na masana da manazarta daban-daban, a nan ana iya cewa, waɗannan ma’anoni sun bayar da haske sosai dangane da ma’anar sassaƙa musasamman a al’adar Hausawa ta gargajiya. Idan aka yi nazarinsu za a ga cewa, kusan sun yi kunnen doki da juna. Alal misali ma’anar Alhassan da wasu (1980) da (1982) da Wushishi (2011) sun tafi a kan cewa sana’a ce ta hure ice zuwa wasu abubuwan buƙatun al’umma. A ra’ayin Bunguɗu ruwaitowar Ambursa (2015:23), a tasa ma’anar ya mayar da ƙarfi ne a kan cewa, sana’a ce ta sarrafa itace zuwa kayan aiki a cikin al’umma. A tawa fahimta, sana’ar sassaƙa wata fasaha ce ko sana’a da ta jiɓanci sarrafa itace domin samar da abubuwan buƙatun al’umma daban-daban a cikin harkokinsu na yau da kullum. (Rambo, 2018:19)

2.2 Waiwaye Kan Ma’anar Waƙa

Waƙar baka daɗaɗɗiyar abu ce wadda ta wanzu tun wani lokaci mai nisa da ya shuɗe tsawon zamunna. Bahaushe ya ƙagi waƙa ne tun kafin ya yi cuɗanya da wata al’ada da kuma jama’a na ƙetare. (Gummi, 2015: 79).

Masana da manazarta adabin Hausa sun bayyana ma’anar waƙa ta fuskoki daban daban. Kaɗan daga cikin waɗannan masana da manazarta da suka yi ƙoƙarin bayyana ma’anar waƙa suna da fahimtar cewa, “Waƙa tsararriyar maganar hikima ce da ta ƙunshi saƙo cikin zaɓaɓɓun kalmomida aka auna domin maganar ta reru ba faɗa kurum ba” (Yahya 1997:5). Anan kenan, a wajen ‘yankallo, watau wanda ba mawaƙi ba , ba kuma manazarci waƙa ba, yana kallon waƙa a matsayin maganar da ake rerawa wadda ke da daɗin ji har ga zuciya, kuma tana fayyace gaskiya da kawo nishaɗi.

Haka (Gummi, 2015: 80) ya rawaito Gusau (2003) cewa “waƙar baka wani zance ne shiryayye cikin hikima da azanci da yake zuwa gaɓa-gaɓa bisa ƙa’idojin tsari dadaidaituwa a rera cikin sautin murya da amsa amon kari da kiɗa da ‘yan amshi”.Dangambo (2007: 6) ya bayyana waƙa da cewa:

Wani saƙo ne da aka gina shi kan tsararriyar ƙa’ida ta baiti, ɗango, kari (bahari), amsa-amo (ƙafiya), da sauran ƙa’idojin da suka shafi daidaita kalmomi, zaɓensu da amfani da su cikin sigogin da ba haka suke a maganar baka ba.

Baya ga wannan, Dangambo (1984) ya bayyanma’anar waƙa kamar haka:“ Waƙa wani furuci ne ( lafazi ko salo) cikin azanci da akeaiwatarwa ta hanyar rerawa da daidaita kalmomi cikin wani tsari ko ƙa’ida da kuma yin amfani da dabaru ko salo mai armashi” . Wannan na nuni da cewa waƙa tana zuwa ne a sigar gunduwoyin zantuka waɗanda ake kira baitociko ɗiyoyi kuma ake rerawa da wani sautin murya na musamman..

A wata ma’anar an dubi waƙa a matsayin “ Wata haɗakar kalmomi da kiɗa ne cikin tsarimai bayar da armashi ga mai sauraro, a inda shi mai sauraren zai iya tantance wannanhaɗaka ta kiɗa da jerin kalmomin” (Rambo, 2018: 19)Ta la’akari da ma’anonin da masana da manazarta suka bayar ana iya bayyana waƙa daCewatana zuwa a sigar gunduwowin sautuka waɗanda ake rerawa da wani irin sautin murya na musamman.

3’0 Nason Sana’ar Sassaƙa a Cikin Waƙa

A wannan haujin an samu bijirowar nason sana’ar sassaƙa a cikin wasu waƙoƙin Hausawa. Don haka, a wannan bagiren maƙalar ta yi duba ne ga irin ɓurɓushin da sana’ar sassaƙa ta yi cikin wasu waƙoƙin Hausawa ta kai-tsaye ko kaikaice.

3.1 Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗanƙwairo

A waƙar Makaɗa Alhaji Musa Ɗankwairo Maradun wadda ya yi wa Ubangidansa ‘Yandoton Tcahe Alhaji Aliyu II (1960-1991) ya kawo ɓurɓushin kayan aikin sassaƙa a wannan ɗiyan waƙar inda yake cewa:

Gindin Waƙa: Shirya kayan faɗa mai gida Tcahe

Ali Ɗan iro bai ɗauki raini ba

Yaro:   Gizago ba ka da sabo wandara

 Ganda’aren ‘yanware tsayayye

‘Yan amshi: Gagara ƙarya na Amadu hattara

Guru ba ka da daɗin taki

Kowat takai sai yai raki

Yanzu ka iske ɗinki a farcenai.

Gusau, (2009: 104)

A wannan ɗiyan waƙar, Ɗankwairo ya yi amfani da kalmar gizago wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin muhimmam kayan aikin sassaƙa, inda ya kwatanta ‘Yandoton Tsahe da gizago. Wannan salon na kamance, mawaƙin ya yi amfani da shi ne domin nuna yadda sarkin yake gudanar da mulkinsa cikin gaskiya, ba sani ba sabo, kuma duk wanda ya karya doka dole ne a hukunta shi. Wannan kuwa ya yi dai-dai da karin maganar nan da ke cewa: ‘Gizago manta sabo’.

Wannan kuwa a bayyane yake idan aka dubi inda yake cewa: ‘Guru ba ka da daɗin taki, kowat takai sai ya yi raki’. Shi kuwa guru wani guntun itace ne mai tsini da kaifi, wanda idan mutum ya taka shi zai yi masa raunin da sai an ɗinka fatar jikinsa. Samuwar irin waɗannan zantuka da suka shafi wasu kayan aikin sassaƙa a cikin waƙoƙin Hausa ya daɗa tabbatar mana da ɓurɓushin sassaƙa a cikin al’ummar Hausawa.Wannan kuwa nuni yake da irin tasirin da sana’ar ta yi ga mawaƙan Hausa.

3.2 Makaɗa Alhaji Muhammadu Sarkin Taushin Katsina

A cikin waƙarsa ta al’adun gargajiya, wannan mawaƙin ya yi ƙoƙarin fito da wasu muhimman sana’o’in da Hausawa suke aiwatarwa. Daga cikinsu har da sana’ar sassaƙa. Rambo da Dalijan, (2019: 551-552). Dalilin yin wannan kuwa shine fito wa Hausawa irin sana’o’in da suka gada kaka da kakanni. Su kuwa waɗannan sana’o’i da hannu ake awatar da su, don haka riƙo ga sana’o’in hannu zai taimaka wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin Hausawa, wanda ba a bar sana’ar sassaƙa a baya ba. Ga kaɗan daga cikin abin da yake cewa:

 …………………………………

Kuma akwai maƙera namu

Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar hannu

Kuma magina namu

Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar hannu

Kuma da sassakawa namu

Na gargajiya suna da sana’ar hannu

Kuma akwai majema namu

………………………………

(Sarkin Taushin Katsina: Waƙar al’adun gargajiya)

3.3 Makaɗa Muhammadu Bawa Ɗan Anace

A waƙar Muhammadu Bawa Ɗan anace an samu ɓurbushin sassaƙa inda a cikin zantukan da ya yi amfanida a waƙar Shago Mahaukaci ya ambaci turmi, shi kuwa turmi hasali masassaƙa ne ke samar da shi a cikin al’umma. A nan kenan sana’ar ta taimaka wajen samar da kalmomin da mawaƙa kan yi amfani da su wajen isar da wani saƙo. Ga abin da yake cewa,

Jagora: Na faɗa maka goga

Wagga kashin da kay yi

Ba dawa ni ba

Duna kashin na Ila shi da suna

Kamar dai mutum ya kada budurwa

Kamar ka ɗunkuɗe turmi

Amshi: Don ka mare mace baka da riba

(Muhammadu Bawa Ɗan anace: Waƙar Shago Mahaukaci)

A nan za a ga ɓurɓushin sassaƙa inda ya yi amfani da salon kwatancen daidaito ya nuna sauƙin da aka samu na kashin Na’ila tamkar a tunkuɗe turmi ne yana tsaye ya faɗi ƙasa. Wannan ya nuna sana’ar bata tsaya ga samar da kayayyakin amfanin yau da kullum ba kawai, hatta a fagen samar da rumbun kalmomin da mawaƙa kan sarrafa sana’ar ta samar.

3.4 Makaɗa Babangida Kaka Dawa

Makaɗa Babangida Kaka Dawa a cikin waƙarsa mai taken: “Mu bi Al’adummu na gargajiya” an samu ɓurɓushin sassaƙa inda yake cewa:

Jagora: Al’adunmu na da a gargajiya

Noma ƙira da sassaƙa

saƙa da rini haɗa da jima

Wannan namu ne tun asali

Yai kyau mu riƙe su hannu biyu

Domin kar mu watsar da su.

(Ammani, 2014:417)

A wannan ɗan waƙar za a ga mawaƙin ya yi amfani da kalmar sassaƙa kai tsaye a ƙoƙarinsa na jawo hankalin al’umma musammam Hausawa da su yi riƙo ga al’adunsu. A cikin ɗan, ya kawo wasu sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya kamar noma da ƙira da sassaƙa da rini da jima, inda ya nuna duk waɗannan sana’o’i ne da muka gada kaka da kakanni. Don haka, yana kira ga al’umma da su riƙe su hannu biyu-biyu domin muhimmancinsu ga bunƙasa tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Haka ya yi nuni da irin waɗannan sana’o’i ba abin wofintarwa ba ne a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. A nan, za a ga mawaƙin bai manta da sana’ar sassaƙa ba saboda irin muhimmamci da matsayinta ga rayuwar Hausawa ta fuskoki daban-daban. Hasali ma, an yi wannan waƙar ne da manufar wayar wa al’umma kai dangane da raya al’adun gargajiya musamman abin da ya shafi sana’o’in gargajiya.

3.5 Aminu Alan Waƙa

A cikin waƙar Aminu Alan Waƙa, a waƙarsa mai taken: ‘Waƙar Baje Kolin Jahar Kano inda yake cewa:

Jagora: Na tuna ranar baje koli, ranar da na gano Turawa

Sun zo suna yin ta’ajibi an kai sun gano dukawa

Balle a kai su fannin ƙira ko nahiya ta gun jimawa

Malam ka duba harkar saƙa matanmu ma suna burgewa

Suna rabe zare da abawa har angala ‘ya’yan baiwa

Sai ku ga masu sassaƙa turmi za kai jukum kura dambarwa

Noma ko ya zama tushenmu da shi muke tufa da ciyarwa.

Amshi: Mu muke da kasuwar al’ada kurmi fa kasuwar dukawa.

(Aminu Alan Waƙa: Waƙar Baje kolin Jahar Kano)

A wannan baitin, mawaƙin ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo wasu sana’o’in Hausawa na gargajiya da aka baje kolinsu a wani ƙasaitaccen biki da aka gudanar na baje koli a Kano. A wannan taron an gayyato al’ummomi daban-daban daga sassa daban-daban na duniya, daga cikinsu kuwa har da Turawa. A wannan taron Turawan sun yi mamakin ganin irin fasahohin da Allah ya baiwa Hausawa musamman ta la’akari da irin sana’o’insu na gargajiya. Waɗannan sana’o’in kuwa sun haɗa da dukanci da ƙira da jima da saƙa da sassaƙa da noma. Don haka, mawaƙin ya nuna irin alfanun da ke damfare a cikin waɗannan sana’o’in, wanda sana’ar sassaƙa ma ba a bar ta a baya ba. A cikin waƙar ya ambaci ɗaya daga cikin nau’ukan kayan da masassaƙa ke samarwa (turmi) domin amfanin al’umma. Don haka, wannan ya nuna akwai buƙatar mu yi riƙo ga waɗannan sana’o’in musammam ganin yadda su kansu Turawa da ake ganin sun ci gaba sun nuna ta’ajibinsu da ganin waɗannan sana’o’i.

3.6 Waƙar Dandali ta Masoyi

Haka ana samun ɓurɓushin sana’ar sassaƙa a cikin waƙoƙin dandali waɗanda ‘yan mata ke aiwatarwa a lokacin da suke wasanninsu na gaɗa. Misali a cikin wata waƙa mai suna ‘masoyi’ an samu ɓurɓushin sana’ar sassaƙa. Ga dai yadda waƙar take:

Gindin waƙar: Ayye yaraye alo mun ga aye yaraye

Amshi: Ayye yaraye

…........................................................

Jagora: Mu yi saƙa mu kwana yin saƙa

Amshi: Ayye yaraye

Jagora: Mu yi sassaƙa mu kwana yin sassaƙa

Amshi: Ayye yaraye

Jagora: Mu yi rini mu kwana muna rini

Amshi: Ayye yaraye

…...................................................

(Waƙar Dandali ta ‘yanmata mai suna Masoyi)

Waɗannan ɗiyan waƙar suna nuni da kwaɗaitar da samari su samu sana’ar yi a cikin al’umma. Haka ‘yanmatan suna nuni da irin nau’ukan sana’o’in da samarinsu ke aiwatarwa, domin sai da sana’a ne za a iya riƙe mata har a ciyar da ita da yi mata wasu hidimomin buƙatun rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan na nuni ga al’adar Bahaushe ba ya bayar da auren ‘yarsa ga wanda ba ya da sana’a. Nuna cewa ‘Mu kwana yin…’ yana daɗa nuna cewar, a yi riƙo ga sana’o’in ba kama hannun yaro, watau da gaskiya ba tare da wasa ba.

Haka a cikin wata waƙar ta dandali akwai inda aka samu nason sassaƙa inda ‘yan’matan ke waƙa suna cewa:

…………………………………

Jagora: Na tuna fa lallai ku tafa mani

Don ko saurayina tuni ya ƙware kan gini

Ya je ya ƙera bene da kuɗi ya kawo mini

In tsantsaro atamfar da ba za ni raina shi ba.

Amshi: Alo ‘yan samari sana’a da daɗi take duk saurayin da bai sana’a ya zamo soriye.

Jagora: Ku gafara in ɗan juya in yi taku haka

Domin ko ni saurayina ya ƙwaresassaƙa

Ya je ya ƙera turmi har da dutsen niƙa

A zahiri sana’a ba za a raina ba.

Amshi: Alo ‘yan samari sana’a da daɗi take duk saurayin da bai sana’a ya zamo soriye

…………………………………………

(Waƙar ‘yan’mata ta Dandali)

 

A wannan waƙar, ‘yan matan suna ƙoƙarin wasa samarinsu ne da ke aiwatar da wasu sana’o’in gargajiya a ƙasar Hausa. Sun yi ƙoƙarin kawo irin alfanun da ke tattare ga kowace sana’a da suka ambata. Misali, masu sana’ar sassaƙa suna samar da turame da sauransu. Haka suna nuni da cewa, duk yadda sana’a take ba abin rainawa ba ce, kuma duk wanda baya da sana’a bai ɗauki turbar da ta dace ba, don haka suna masa kaico. A ƙarshe sun nuna masu cewa waɗannan sana’o’i za su zamo cikin jin daɗi da walwala a cikin al’umma, waɗanda ba su sana’a kuwa, abin zai zamo masu ƙunci nan gaba. Don haka, dole ne matasa su tashi su kama sana’a domin ciyar da ƙasa gaba.

4.0 Kammalawa

Mawaƙan Hausa sun daɗe suna faɗakar da al’umma ta fuskoki daban daban , musamman ganin yadda suke tsarma wasu baitoci ko ɗiyan waƙa a cikin waƙoƙinsu da manufar ilimantarwa ko nishaɗantarwa ta ɓangarorin rayuwa daban daban. Daga cikin waɗannan ɓangarori na al’ummar Hausawa, ba su bar sha’anin sana’o’in na gargajiya ba musamman abin da ya shafi sana’ar sassaƙa. Wannan maƙala ta fito da inda wasu mawaƙan Hausa suka fito da ɓueɓushin sana’ar sassaƙa da kuma yin nazarisu. Ko shakka babu waɗannan zantuka sun ƙara fito da sana’ar sassaƙa a sarari tare da nuna matsayinta da muhimmancinta a cikin duniyar mawaƙan Hausa.

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