Citation: Abdu, A.M. (2024). Turken Zuga da Yabo a Zubin Wasu Ɗiyan Waƙoƙin Alhaji Sa’idu Faru: Nazari DagaWaƙar Turakin Kano Alhaji Ahmadu. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 250-254. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.032.
Turken Zuga da Yabo a Zubin Wasu Ɗiyan Waƙoƙin Alhaji Sa’idu Faru: Nazari Daga Waƙar Turakin Kano Alhaji Ahmadu
Daga
Amina Mbaruma Abdu
Ph.D
Sashen Koyar da
Ilimin Firamare
Kwalejin Ilimi ta
Tarayya (Fasaha), Potiskum, Jihar Yobe
08031319789
aminambaruma@gmail.com
Tsakure
Babbar manufar wannan
takarda ita ce fayyace yanayin turken zuga da yabo a waƙar Turakin Kano. Don
haka zuga ko yabo ɗaya ne daga cikin
turakun waƙoƙin makaɗan baka na Hausa,
musamman ma, makaɗan fada. Ra’in da aka
yi amfani da shi wajen ɗora wannan bincike, an gudanar da shi bisa
kwatance kawai, an yi ƙoƙarin fito da ɗiyan waƙoƙin da suka dace da
binciken ne, sannan aka yi sharhi a kansu ta yadda za fito da ma’anar da suke ɗauke da ita, wadda ta
dace da binciken. Wannan bincike an gudanar da shi ta hanyar nazarta waƙoƙin Alhaji Sa’idu Faru
waɗanda aka rubuta su a
wasu littattafai da kundayen bincike da aka gabatar a matakai daban-daban, sai
dai binciken ya taƙaita ne ga waƙa guda ɗaya ta Alhaji Ahmadu
Turakin Kano. A wajen kawo ɗiyan waƙar da aka yi magana a
kan su, an cire gindin waƙar sannan aka yi
sharhi kan manufar gindin waƙar. Dukkanin ɗiyoyin da aka kawo an
juya su ne kamar yadda aka rubuta su a littattafan da aka yi nazari a cikinsu. Takardar ta gano Alhaji Sa’idu Faru yakan yabi duk wani
wanda ya yi masa alkhairi ko aka yi masa alkhairi saboda shi. Haka kuma an gano
irin zuga da yake yi wa wanda ya zaɓi
ya yi masa waƙa,
yakan nuna hazaƙarsa
da bajintarsa da fasaharsa wajen kwarzanta da zuga duk abin da ya so ya yi wa
waƙa.
Takardar ta yi ƙoƙarin sharhanta wasu daga cikin ɗiyan da ya bayyana zuga da yabo a cikinsu.
Gabatarwa
Zuga
da yabo wasu abubuwa ne daga cikin turakun waƙoƙin baka, musamman waƙoƙin baka na Hausawa. Zuga tana da tasiri akan dukkan wani
babba ko mai sarauta, musamman na gargajiya, domin ko yaya aka yi wa mutum sai
yaji daɗi kuma ya nuna gamsuwarsa. Yabo kuwa yana taka muhimmiyar
rawa wajen fito da turken waƙa da ma nuna inda waƙa ta sa gaba. Makaɗa, musamman na fada
sukan ɗauki zuga da yabo da muhimmanci wajen wasa mai gidansu.
Wasu lokutan makaɗa sukan zuga ko yaba wasu da ba sarakuna ba kamar
attajirai ko wasu haziƙai ko zaƙaƙuran mutane da suke taimakawa al’umma, musamman waɗanda suke tare da su.
Haka kuma, wasu sukan yi ma wasu masoya ko makusanta waɗanda suka yi wa waƙoƙinsu nuna irin alaƙar da take tsakanin su da kuma irin bajintar da mukusantan
suka yi domin wanda ake yi wa waƙa. A wannan takarda an bibiyi yadda Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya baje
fasaha wajen zugawa tare da yaba Turakin Kano da fito da matsayinsa da
martabarsa a wajen al’ummarsa. Haka kuma waƙar ta fito da tarin abubuwan ci gaban rayuwa da garin
Kano yake da su wanda ya tsere sauran jihohin ƙasar nan.
Turke shi ne manufar da take cikin waƙar da akan isar zuwa ga masu sauraro, haka kuma turke
yana nufin jigo a rubutacciyar waƙa. Turke a ƙa’idar masu nazarin waƙar baka na nufin saƙon da waƙa take ɗauke da shi. Idan an ce saƙo kuma ana magana ne kan manufa da ta ratsa waƙa tun daga farkonta har zuwa ƙarshenta, ba tare da karkacewa daga ainihin abin da ake
zance a kansa ba. Ashe ke nan saƙon da makaɗi yakan zaɓa ya gina waƙarsa, ya tauye kansa da kansa ya zuba ɗiyanta bisa wasu zaɓaɓɓun kalmomi da za su
doshi wata babbar manufa ɗaya, shi ne ake kira turke (Gusau, 2008:370).
Turken waƙar baka shi ne saƙon da aka gina ko ɗaure waƙa a jikunsa aka tsayar da ita da shi. Manazarta waƙar baka sun bayyana ma’anar turke da cewa shi ne saƙon da waƙa take ɗauke da shi (Gusau, 2003). Anan saƙo ana nufin manufar da ta sa aka ƙera wannan waƙa a kanta, kuma
wannan manufa ta ratsa waƙar tun daga farko har ƙarshenta. Makaɗa da mawaƙan baka na Hausa sukan shirya waƙoƙi da dama a bisa mabambanta turaku, kamar turken zuga da
yabo ko ta’aziyya. Wasu lokuta kuma sukan surka turaku guda biyu a waƙa guda biyu a waƙa guda, kamar turken
zuga da na yabo. Kowanne ɗaya daga cikin
turakun ya keɓanta da wasu tubalai da ake amfani da su wajen wajen gina
shi, (Sani & Aliyu, 2018).
Taƙaitaccen Tarihin
Alhaji Sa’idu Faru
An haifi makaɗa Sa’idu Faru a garin
Faru da ke ƙasar Maradun, ƙaramar Hukumar Talatar Mafara a wajejen shekara ta 1932.
Ana yi masa laƙabi da “Ɗan’umma” wanda matar ƙanen mahaifinsa ta sanya masa, saboda ba ya faɗin sunanta, sai dai
yana kiran ta Umma, amma wannan laƙabi bai shahara a tsakanin mutane ba, balle ya danne
sunansa na yanka watau Sa’idu. Shi kansa Sa’idu Faru yakan yi wa kan shi kirari
yana cewa:
Ɗan Umma rungumi
Ɗan Tumba rungumi
Sunan mahaifinsa makaɗa Abubukar ɗan Abdu, shi kuwa
makaɗa Abdu, Alu mai kurya ya haife shi. Don haka nasabarsa
ita ce Sa’idu ɗan Abubakar ɗan Abdu da Alu mai kurya. Dukkan waɗannan makaɗa an yi su ne a garin
Faru, sai dai mahaifiyarsa mutumiyar Banga ne ta cikin ƙasar Ƙaura-Namoda. Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru bai samu ilimin Muhammadiyya da yawa ba, sai dai an sa shi makarantar allo in da ya yi zurfi ga karatun Alƙur’ani mai tsarki, haka kuma ba a sa shi makarantar boko ba. Alal haƙiƙa tun yana yaro sha’anin kiɗa da waƙa ya ɗauke masa hankali.
Makaɗa Saidu Faru ya koyi waƙa ne a wajen mahaifinsa makaɗa Abubakar, waƙoƙinsa suka daɗa kyautatuwa ta hanyar fasaha da hikima tare da ƙwaƙwalwar da Allah ya ba shi. Tun ya na da shekaru goma aka fara zuwa yawon kiɗa da shi gari-gari.
Bayan ya ɗan tasa ya fara yin waƙar kan sa a lokacin yana da shekaru goma sha shida, ya
fara da wata waƙa da take cewa:
Gindin waƙar: Bi da maza ɗan Joɗi na Iro
: Iro magajin Shehu da
Bello.
(Gusau, 1996:119).
Daga nan Sa’idu Faru ya ci gaba da yi wa sarakuna da ‘ya’yan sarakuna waƙoƙi, har zuwa lokacin da ya sadu da Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo ɗan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar. Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru yana da
matan aure uku tare da ‘ya’ya maza da mata da jikoki masu yawa.
Yanayin Turken Zuga da Yabo a Waƙar Turakin Kano
Alhaji Ahmadu
Makaɗa Sa’idu faru kan yi amfani da hikima da dabara wajen yin
zuga da yabo tare da kwarzanta iyayen gidansa da kuma mutanen da suka yi masa
wata kyauta ta bajinta ko makamancin haka a rayuwarsa. Har ila yau yana amfani
da ƙwarewa ta fuskoki daban-daban domin yabo da zuga ga wanda
ya so. Haƙiƙa makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya waƙe Turakin Kano tare
da bayyana nasarorin da ya cimma a rayuwarsa.
Turken Zuga
Zuga dabara ce ta ɗaukaka abu sama wadda ta ƙunshi wasu kalmomi da ake amfani da su a koɗa mutum a cicciɓa shi a nuna
fifikonsa a kan wasu. (Muhammad, 2015:395). Zuga takan tsuma mutum ta sa masa
kuzari da ƙwarin gwiwa.
Kalmar “zuga” tana iya ɗaukar ma’anar koɗa mutum, ko wasa shi,
ko ingiza shi ya yi wata bajinta, ko ma ya yi wani abin da yafi ƙarfinsa don ya burge wanda yake sa shi. Zuga na sa mutum
in ya saurare ta, ya ji ta, to ya yi Imani da abin da aka ce kuma ya aikata
abin da aka ce.
Makaɗa Alhaji Sa’idu Faru ya buɗe wannan waƙa ta Turakin Kano Alhaji Ahmadu ne da nuna zuga watau
gidin waƙar ma zuga ta fara da shi domin ya saka masa ƙaimi ga Turaki tare da zaburar da masu sauraron waƙar don su san ƙima da darajar wanda
ake yi wa waƙar, ga abin makaɗa Sa’idu faru yake cewa:
Mai waƙa: Turakin Kano
Alhaji Ahmadu
G/W: Tsakin tama na abashe,
: Ana
shakka haye ma Amadu
Jagora: Toron
giwa ba togewa ɗ2
‘Y/Amshi:
Ɗan Hashim ƙanen Sarkin Kano.
(Gusau, 2009, sh.161)
A nan ya nuna
daraja da kwarjini na Turakin Kano don wasu na shakkar tunkararsa saboda ƙimarsa da daraja
ta gidan sarauta. Shi ya sa ya kwatanta shi da toron giwa, mai tunkararsa sai
ya shirya, sannan ya bayyana alaƙarsa da sarkin
Kano watau ƙani yake gare shi.
Watau ba wai kawai sarauta ce ta haɗa su ba, a a ɗanuwan sarki ne na jini sannan babban ɗan kasuwa ne a garin Kano haka kuma mai faɗa a ji ne a fada shi ya sa makaɗa ya zuga shi da cewa: ana
shakka haye maka.
Haka kuma, wannan ɗiyan da ke tafe ya bayyana irin iko da mulki da Turaki yake
da shi a fadar sarkin Kano da nuna cewa duk abinda ba na Turaki ba ne ƙarya ake yi, inda
ya ke zuga shi da cewa:
Jagora:
Sa’idu faru ka waƙa iko
‘Y/Amshi:
Komi kaj jiya ƙarya akai
Jagora:
Sa’idu faru ka waƙam mulki
‘Y/Amshi:
Komi kaj jiya ƙarya a kai
(Gusau, 2009, sh.162)
Ana ya bayyana kan sa da cewa shi ne da kansa yake yi wa
Turaki waƙa ba saƙo ba, don nuna girmansa da martabar wannan waƙa ta shi, ya ƙara kwarzanta kan sa
da cewa waƙar mulki yake yi wa mai mulki, watau ba ɗan haye ba ko ɗan karere, ya ƙara da cewa komai
kaj jiya ƙarya akai. Watau waƙa idan ba ta Turaki ba ne ba za a kamanta shi da na Turaki
ba.
Har wa yau akwai wasu ɗiyan da makaɗa Sa’idu faru ya sake
fito da martabar Turaki da bayyana irin matsayinsa wurin al’umma. A in da yake
cewa:
Jagora: Toron
giwa ba togewa
‘Y/Amshi: Ɗan Hashim ƙanen sarkin Kano
Jagora: Toron
giwa ƙi fasawa
‘Y/Amshi: Ɗan Hashim ƙanen sarkin Kano
Jagora: Turakin Tama na Abashe
‘Y/Amshi: Ana
shakkah haye ma Amadu,
: Mai daraja na wambai,
: Ɗan Hashim ƙanen sarkin Kano
(Gusau, 2009, sh.161-162)
Haka kuma, ya zayyano abubuwa muhimmai wanda Allah ya
albarkaci jihar Kano da su, tun daga abubuwa na more rayuwa da ci gaban ƙasa da sana’o’i da ilimi da mulki da masa’antu da sutur
da kayayyakin abinci, a cewarsa duk suna a birnin Kano, ga yadda ya jero ɗiyoyin kamar haka:
Jagora: In
‘Y/Amshi: Nijeriya
ta arewa babu jiha irin birnin Kano
Jagora: Lallai shina birnin Kano
‘Y/Amshi: Yadi shina birnin Kano
Jagora: Kuɗi shina birnin Kano
‘Y/Amshi: Ilimi shina birnin Kano
Jagora: Kyauta tana birnin Kano
‘Y/Amshi: Mulki shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin motoci
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin jirgin ƙasa
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora; Injimin yin mashin hawa
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin famfon ruwa
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin motoci
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin keken hawa
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin kwaɗon ɗaki
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin ƙera makamai
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin tasoshi
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin yin kwanoni
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
Jagora: Injimin shirya agogo
‘Y/Amshi: An ce shina a birnin Kano
(Gusau, 2009, sh.163-164)
Waɗannan ɗiyan duk an yi su ne domin zuga jihar Kano da abubuwan da
suke da shi da ma waɗanda ba su da shi, haka na bayyana ƙauna ga Turakin Kano da al’ummar Kano gaba ɗaya. Idan aka duba
akwai abubuwan da ba a da su a Nijeriya ma gaba ɗaya amma saboda zalaƙa irin ta makaɗa Sa’idu Faru, ya bayyana da cewa akwai su a garin Kano
kamar misali, injinan ƙere-ƙere da ya Ambato kamar na ƙera motoci da mashina da kekuna da na ƙera makamai duk babu su. Amma da yake ya yi amfani da
salo mai ƙayatarwa na kambama abin da ake wa waƙa ya sa ya zauna daram kuma ya karɓu.
Har wa yau, makaɗan ya nuna zuga a birnin Kano ta fannin kayayyakin
abinci, amma hakan ba makawa haka yake domin jihar Kano tana ɗaya daga cikin
jihohin arewa da suke samar wa ƙasar nan kayayyakin abincin, kama daga gyaɗa da dawa da masara
da gero da wake dasauransu, kamar yadda makaɗa Sa’idu faru yake faɗi a cikin waɗannan ɗiyoyi:
Jagora: Babban abincin arewa
‘Y/Amshi: Gero shina birnin Kano
Jagora: Gero yana birnin Kano
‘Y/Amshi: Dawa tana birnin Kano
Jagora: Gero yana birnin Kano
‘Y/Amshi: Dawo tana birnin Kano
(Gusau, 2009, sh.162)
Haka kuma, makaɗan ya sake zuga Turaki tare da kururuta shi da girmama
shi da nuna isar sa da kambama shi a duniya a in da yake cewa:
Jagora: Tsaye da kyawo, zamne da kyawo
‘Y/Amshi: Ahmadu kamfaragin Sarkin Fada ɗ2
: Karsanin galadiman Kano
: Kurum kake mai ban tsoro
: Ɗan Hashim ƙanen sarkin Kano
Jagora:
Baba kware kake
‘Y/Amshi:
Da faɗawa ɗan Hashim ƙanen Sarkin Kano
(Gusau, 2009, sh.162)
Turken
Yabo
Turken yabo ɗaya ne daga cikin turakun waƙoƙi baka, wanda ya fi kowanne turke fice a waƙoƙin Hausawa (Gusau, 2008:376). Ya ƙara da cewa turken yabo ya haɗa da “ambaton
kalmomin sambarka da nufin nuna amincewa da hali ko wani abin da mutum ya yi
nagari”. Kowanne turke yana da tubalan da akan yi amfani da su wajen gina shi,
misali a turken yabo a kan samu ƙananan tubala da suka haɗar da ambaton nasaba
da kyawawan halaye da kyauta da makamantansu.
Haƙiƙa makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yabi Turaki Ahmadu yabo mai yawa, ta
yadda ya nuna irin girma da martabar Turaki wajen al’umma, har da yadda yake
nuna mararinsa na son zuwa Kano, kamar yadda yake cewa:
Jagora: In
ban yada zuwa Kano ba, ina shawak Kano
Y/Amshi: Amma
ciki ɗan Hashim Kano shi nis sani
Jagora: In ban yada zuwa Kano ba, ina murnak Kano
Y/Amshi: Amma
ciki ɗan Hashim Kano shi nis sani
(Gusau, 2009, sh.162)
A nan mawaƙin ya nuna ba zai je Kano ba sai don dalilin Turaki don a
ganinsa babu kowa ma cikin Kano sai Turakin, don haka wannan yabo ne da wani
bai yi wa wani sai masoyi na asali, wanda ya cancanci haka.
Haka kuma, cikin yabon da ya yi masa ya ce bai ma san
Turaki ba, domin mafarki kawai ya gan shi, amma hakan bai hana ya yabe shi ba,
domin zuciyarsa ta yi nisa wajen ƙaunarsa, a in da yake cewa:
Jagora: Cikin
mahwalki nikan ga shi.
Y/Amshi: Ko shi ba sanina yay yi ba.
(Gusau, 2009, sh.162)
A ƙa’ida ta makaɗa da mawaƙan baka sukan yaba kyauta tun kafin a yi musu kyauta don
hakan ma salo ne na roƙo tare da yabawa ga mutumin da suke so ya yi musu wannan
kyautar, shi ya sa, ya yaba kyautar kujerar Makkah da mota marsandi domin yana
da yaƙinin za a yi masa kyautar tun kafin a yi ta, kamar yadda
yake cewa:
Jagora: Amadu
cika ni aza ni k aba ni kuɗi in tai haji.
Y/Amshi: In hawo bisa marsandi, ina rabkak kiɗi.
Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru tare da Daudun kiɗi Mu’azu sun nuna
cewa duk wata kyauta idan ba daga wajen Turaki ba ne ba su karɓar ta, sun ƙara da cewa duk wata kyauta daga wajen Turaki take kamar
kyautar kuɗi da ta riga da ta bawa da ta mota, kamar haka:
Jagora: Ɗan sarkin da ka
kyautaj jikka
Y/Amshi: Ɗan Hashim Kano ɗai a haka
Jagora: Ɗan sarkin da ka
kyautar riga
Y/Amshi: Ɗan Hashim Kano ɗai a haka
Jagora: Ɗan sarkin da ka
kyautab bawa
Y/Amshi: Ɗan Hashim Kano ɗai a haka
Jagora: Ɗan sarkin da ka
kyautam mota
Y/Amshi: Ɗan Hashim Kano ɗai a haka
: Duk wanda yaz zam irin haka
: Ko ba daɗe shin a sarkin Kano
(Gusau, 2009, sh.163)
Baya ga waɗannan yabo da kirari da makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi
wa Turakin Kano ya ƙara da yi masa fata ta gari, a inda yake masa addu’ar ya
zama sarkin Kano kamar yadda yake cewa:
Jagora: In Allah ya yi ma babban rabo,
: Turaki a ce ma San Kano.
(Gusau, 2009, sh.163)
Sannan baya ga yabon da makaɗa Sa’idu faru suka yi
wa Turakin Kano, sun haɗa da yabo ga jihar Kano ƙwarai zai je gidajen rediyoyi na jihohi mabambanta domin
ya yabi jihar Kano duk don albarkacin Turakin Kano Ahmadu, ga yadda ya zayyano ɗiyoyin waƙar:
Jagora: za ni gidan rediyo na sakkwato
‘Y/Amshi: In yi
yabon Jihab birnin Kano
Jagora: Za ni gidan rediyo na Kaduna
‘Y/Amshi: In yi
yabon Jihab birnin Kano
Jagora: Za ni gidan rediyo na Ikko
‘Y/Amshi: In yi
yabon Jihab birnin Kano
Jagora: Za ni gidan rediyo na Niger
‘Y/Amshi: In yi
yabon Jihab birnin Kano
(Gusau, 2009, sh.163)
Wannan yabo ne da makaɗan ya yi wa jihar
Kano albarkacin Turaki aka yi shi, watau a nan, ba Turaki ne kawai abin bege ba
har da jihar da ya fito, haƙiƙa ƙauna ce ta kawo haka, don idan ba ka son abu ba za ka
yabe shi ba, ballantana har wasu su ci albarkacinsa.
3.0 Kammalawa
Zuga da yabo abubuwa ne da suke da muhimmanci a cikin
harkar makaɗan baka na Hausa, makaɗan suna girmama
kyauta ko yaya take sannan kuma ba sa wasa da ita, shi ya sa duk wanda ya ba su
sai sun faɗa sun kuma yabe shi, wani lokaci zugan da suka yi wa
mutum shi yake sa a ba da kyautar, wani lokaci kuma ganin dama ce kawai ta mai
wadata ko mai sarauta yake yin kyautar. A wannan takarda an fito da wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru wanda ya yi wa Turakin Kano Alhaji Ahmadu.
Wannan waƙa an yi ta ne don yabo tare da nuna zuga gare shi, shi
kuma Turaki ya kyautata masa ne, domin kowa ya yi wa mawaƙi kyauta ɗayan biyu ne ko dai ya yi masa ne don ya faɗa ko kuma ya yi masa
ne don soyayya kawai, shi kuma mawaƙi alhakinsa ne ya
yaba kyautar da aka yi masa don ya biya kyautar da aka yi masa. A wannan nazari
an fahimci wasu kalmomi da makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da su wajen bayyana zuga da
yabo ga Alhaji Ahmadu, wannan salo da ya yi amfani da su, haƙiƙa ya yi armashi ƙwarai, domin ya nuna
zalaƙarsa da gwanancewarsa wajen iya waƙa musamman ta fada, kamar in da yake cewa:
Jagora: In Allah ya yi ma babban rabo,
: Turaki a ce ma San Kano.
Haka kuma ya nuna matsayi da girma na Turaki ta hanyar
bayyana rashin sha’awarsa ta zuwa birnin Kano ma gaba ɗaya in ba don dalili
na Turaki ba. In da yake cewa:
Jagora: In
ban yada zuwa Kano ba, ina shawak Kano
Y/Amshi: Amma
ciki ɗan Hashim Kano shi nis sani
Jagora: In ban yada zuwa Kano ba, ina murnak Kano
Y/Amshi: Amma ciki ɗan Hashim Kano shi
nis sani
Manazarta
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Alhaji (Dr.) Mamman Shata Katsina, Jami’ar Bayero, Kano.
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