Citation: Lawal, S., Garba, A. & Abubakar, U.S. (2024). Nazarin Amfani Da Kalmomin Aro Na Larabci Da Na Ingilishi a Cikin Waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 243-249. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.031.
Nazarin Amfani Da Kalmomin Aro Na Larabci Da Na Ingilishi a Cikin Waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru
Daga
Sulaiman Lawal
Zamfara State College
of Education, Maru
Email: Sulaimanlawalgus131gmai.com
Phone no: 08168214203
Da
Ashafa Garba
Zamfara State College
of Education, Maru
Email: ashafagarbagusaumail.com
Phone no: 07032137674
Da
Usuman Sanusi Abubakar
Federal College of Technical Bichi, Kano State
Email: usmansanusi73gmail.com
Phone no: 08036407638
Tsakure
Wannan
takardar da aka gabaatar mai kanu ‘’Nazarin Amfani da Kalmomin Larabci da na Ingilishi a Cikin Wasu Wakokin Sa’idu Faru. Babbar manufar wannan takardar ita ce, fito da wuraren da Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi
amfani da kalmomin aro na Larabci da Ingilishi a cikin wakokinsa wajen isar da
saƙonsa ga jama’a masu sauraran. Waɗannan kalmomin da aka yi nazari a cikin ɗiyan wasu waƙoƙinsa su ne kalmomin Larabci da na Ingilishi tare da yin sharhi a kansu. Haka kuma, wannan
takardar an yi amfani da wasu muhimman hanyoyi wajen tattara bayanai domin a
samu nasara kamamala ta. Sannan kuma, an yi amfani da waƙoƙin Makaɗa
Sa’idu Faru guda biyar (5) waɗanda aka samu a cikin ayyukan Gusau, (1988) Diwanin Waƙoƙin Makaɗan
Fada da Gusau, (2009) Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka
inda aka tantance su aka yi amfani da wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa wajen fito da dabarar amfani da kalmomin
aro. Waɗannan waƙoƙin da aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa
da: Waƙar ‘Sarki Musulmi Muhammadu mai Tura Haushi
da Koma Shirin Yaƙi da Muzakarin Sarki Ɗan’audu da Farin Cikin Musulmin Duniya da
kuma Gwabron Giwa na Shamaki Baba Uban Gandu. Daga ƙarshe wannan takardar ta gano cewa an yi
amfani da kalmomin Larabci (26) da kalmomin Ingilishi (14) a cikin ɗiyan
wasu waƙoƙi
daban-daban da aka nazarta.
1.0 Gabatarwa
Wannan
takardar da aka gabatar akwai ma’anar waƙar baka
daga bakin masana da taƙaitaccen
tarihin makaɗi Sa’idu
Faru da ma’anar kalmomin aro da sharhin kalmomin Larabci da na Ingilishi a
cikin ɗiyan waƙoƙin
da aka nazarta da kammalawa da manazarta da kuma ratayen kalmomin Larabci da
Ingilishi da aka yi sharhi a kansu. Waƙar baka
wani ɓangare ne
na adabin baka (gargajiya). Kowace al’umma ta duniya tana da waƙar
baka. Al’ummar Hausawa ma na ɗaya daga cikin al’ummar duniya waɗanda suke
da waƙar baka. Akwai ilmantarwa da nishaɗantarwa da
faɗakarwa da
gargaɗi da
wa’azantarwa a cikin waƙoƙin
baka na Hausa. Haka kuma, a cikin waƙoƙin
baka na Hausa makaɗa suna amfani da aron kalmomi daga wasu
harsuna daban-daban domin su isar da saƙonninsu
zuwa ga jama’a musamman masu sauraransu. Masana da manazarta sun yi
rubuce-rubuce akan ma’anar waƙar baka.
Kaɗan daga
cikinsu akwai: Waƙar wani furuci ne
wato lafazi ko saƙo cikin azanci da ake
aiwatarwa ta hanyar rerawa da daidaita kalmomi cikin wani tsari ko ƙa’ida
da kuma yin amfani da dabaru ko salon armashi. (Ɗangambo, 1982).
Waƙa tana zuwa ne a sigar gunduoyin zantuka waɗanda ake
kira baibaitoci ko ɗiyoyi kuma ake rerawa da wani irin sautin
murya na musamman (Umar, 1980:3) Waƙa
magana hikima ce da ake rerawa ba faɗa kurum ba wadda ke
da wani saƙo da ke ƙunshe
cikin wasu kalmomi zaɓaɓɓu,
tsararru kuma zaunannu (Yahaya: 1984: 2-3) Waƙar baka
wani zance ne shiryayye cikin hikima da azanci da yake zuwa gaɓa-gaɓa bisa ƙa’idojin
tsari da daidaitawa, a rera cikin sautin murya da amsa-amo na kari da kiɗa, sau da
yawa kuma da amshi (Gusau, 2011: 2) Waƙar baka
ita ce wadda ake rerawa don jin daɗi, a ajiye ta a ka a
kuma yaɗa ta a
baka (Sa’id 1981:235)
Ana samun
baƙi ko kalmomin aro a cikin waƙar
baka kuma kalmomi aro na ɗaya daga cikin abin da ke taka
muhimmiyar rawa a cikin waƙoƙin
baka na makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru musamman wajen isar da saƙonsa cikin
sauƙi.
2.0 Taƙaitaccen
Tarihin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru
An haifi Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru a garin Faru ta cikin ƙasar
Maradun, ƙaramar Hukumar Talatar Mafara Jihar Zamfara a
wajejen shekarar ta 1932. Ana kuma yi masa laƙabi da ‘Ɗan’umma’
wanda matar ƙanen ubansa ta sanya masa, saboda ba ya faɗin sunanta,
sai dai yana kiran ta Umma, amma wannan laƙabi bai
shahara a tsakanin mutane ba, balle ya danne sunansa na yanka wato Sa’idu.
Sunan mahaifin Sa’idu Faru shi ne makaɗa Abubakar Ɗan
Audu shi kuwa makaɗa Audu, Alu mai Kurya ya haife shi. Ashe ke
nan Sa’idu Faru shi ne ɗan Abubakar Ɗan’audu da
Alu mai Kurya. Dukkan waɗannan makaɗan an yi
su ne a garin Faru, sai dai mahaifiyar Sa’idu mutumiyar Banga ce ta cikin ƙasar
Ƙaura-Namoda, kuma a can ne aka haife ta.
Sa’idu Faru ya yi gadon kiɗa ne wajen mahaifinsa. Kakansa na sama
makaɗa Alu makaɗan Kurya
ta kiɗin yaƙi
ne wanda ake yi wa kirari ‘Kurya gangar Mutuwa’.
Yawanci ƙuruciyar
Sa’idu Faru ya yi ta a garin Banga ta Ƙaura-Namoda
inda aka haifi uwarsa, amma kafin ya girma ƙwarai sai
ya koma wurin tsohonsa makaɗa Abubakar a Faru. Makaɗa Sa’idu
bai sami ilimin Muhammadiyya da yawa ba, sai dai an sa shi makarantar allo inda
ya yi zurfi ga karatun Alƙur’ani mai
tsarki. Haka kuma, ba a sa shi makarantar boko ba, don haka bai san komai ba
game da sha’anin boko. Alahaƙiƙa
tun yana yaro sha’anin kiɗa da waƙa ya ɗauke masa
hankali. Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru ya koyi waƙa wurin mahaifinsa
makaɗa
Abubakar, waƙoƙinsa suka
daɗa
kyautatuwa ta hanyar fasaha da hikima tare da ƙwaƙwalwar
da Allah ya ba shi. Tun Sa’idu Faru yana da shekaru goma aka fara zuwa yawon kiɗa da shi
gari-gari. Bayan da ya cimma shekaru goma sha shida ya soma karɓi a wannan
lokaci ne kuma aka haɗa su tare da ƙanensa
Ma’azu wanda shi ne Ɗangaladima a halin
yanzu. Baya ga tsohonsa Abubakar makaɗa Sa’idu bai koyi kiɗa ga
kowane makaɗi ba,
dukkan salailai iri-iri da yake sakawa a waƙoƙinsa
tushensu mahaifinsa da baiwar da Allah ya ba shi ta gane fasalin waƙa.
Da tsohon Sa’idu Faru ya rasu, sai ya ɗauki gabatar waƙa,
ya sa himma da ƙwazo yana ta yi har
zuwa rasuwarsa.
Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru bai yi wa kowa waƙa sai
sarki ko wanda ya jiɓinci jinin sarauta. Sa’idu Faru yana cewa;
‘Sai su sarakuna nike yi wa waƙa, saboda
shi talaka idan ka sami kuɗi in ka yi mashi waƙa
yana jin daɗi bare ma
idan ka ce mashi ɗan wane jikan wane yana yiwuwa kakansa talaka
ne. In ka ambaci kakansa bai ji daɗi ba, in ko ya ɓata maka
rai sai dai ka yi haƙuri domin talaka ne. Makaɗa Sa’idu
yana shirya waƙarsa a gida kafin ya fita zuwa ga wanda zai
yi wa ita, Sannan zai dinga bitar ta kimanin kwana biyu domin ta zauna a ƙirjinsu
da isa wurin wanda zai yi wa waƙar ya san
wadda zai yi masa kai tsaye. Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru yana da matan aure guda
uku (3) tare da ‘ya’ya ishirin da shida (26) maza da kuma mata a cikinsu goma
sha ɗaya (11)
sun rasu goma sha biyar (15) suna nan da kuma jikoki kimanin ashirin (20) (Gusau:
1987: 117-125).
3.0 Ma’anar Kalmomi Aro
Ɗaukar
kalma daga wani harshe, a shigar da ita cikin jerin kalmomi wani harhe na daban
(Garba, 1984: 43). Wannan wata fasaha ce da Ɗan’adam ke
amfani da ita ta hanyar ɗauko gudar kalma ko gudajin kalmomi
daga wani harshe a shigar cikin jerin kalmomin wani harshen a daban. Sai dai
irin wannan aron ya saɓa da aron da ake mayarwa domin shi
akan yi wa kalma kwaskwarima ta dace da tsarin ginin kalmomin harshen da ya yi
aron. Aron kalmomi ya ƙunshi
hanyoyin da masu magana da harshe suke bi su ari waɗansu
kalmomi daga wasu harsuna. Kalmomin aro ko baƙin kalmomi
sun ƙunshi kalmomin da Hausawa suka saƙa
su cikin furuci ko rubutu a kalmomi da suke kalmomin harshen Larabci da na
Turanci da waɗansu
harsuna waɗanda
Hausawa suke cuɗanya da su. Don haka, a sanadiyyar wannan
zamantakewa ta haifar da are-aren kalmomi a tsakaninsu, musamman harshen Hausa
wadda tafi fa’idantuwa da waɗannan harsunan kuma ta ribanta da
kalmomin nasa da dama.
3.1
Amfani da Kalmomi Aro a Cikin Waƙoƙin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru
An sami
kalmomin aro da dama a cikin waƙoƙin
makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru cikin waɗanda aka nazarta
sannan kuma, waɗannan kalmomin aro dukkansu kalmomi ne da
makaɗin ya yi
amfani da dabarar aro na kai-tsaye inda aka yi wa wasu kalmomin kwaskwarima
domin su dace da harshen Hausa yayin da wasu kalmomin aka yi amfani da su
kai-tsaye.
3.2 Aro na Kai-tsaye
Shi wannan
nau’in na aron shi ne, wanda za a ɗauko kalma tare da ƙwayar
ma’anarta a yi amfani da ita tamkar yadda take a harshen asali, sai dai wasu
kalmomin akan yi masu kwaskwarima
domin su dace da tsarin ginin harshen Hausa.
3.3 Kalmomin Aro na Larabci a Cikin Ɗiyan Wasu Waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru
Waƙoƙin
Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru cike suke da kalmomin aro na Larabci. Wannan kuma bai rasa nasaba da
kasancewar al’ummar Hausawa sun jima suna hulɗa ta
kasuwanci da Larabawa sannan kuma, daga baya Addinin Musulunci ya zo masu. Waɗannan
dalilai sun taimaka wajen samun baƙin kalmomin
aro na Larabci a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Akwai kalmomin aro na Larabci da aka
fito da su kuma aka nazarta da Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi
amfani da su a cikin wasu daga ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa
wajen isar da saƙonsa ga masu saurare.
Kaɗan daga
ciki akwai:
Misali:
Jagora: Na marafa ɗanbaba ai
tura haushi,
Y/Amshi Na sarkin Gabas
duniya hori-wawa,
Bai gadi sakwe ba mama na Baura,
Toron giwa uban Bello Mado,
Ɗan Hausa ba mai irin
haƙuri nai.
(waƙar Sarkin
Musulmi MuhammaduTure Haushi ɗa na 1).
Wannan ɗan waƙar an samu
kalmomin aro guda uku waɗannda makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru ya yi amafni da su wajen isar da saƙonsa ga
masu sauraro. A cikin ɗan waƙar makaɗin ya yi
amfani da w Kalmar aro daga harshen Larabci inda ya yi yabo ga sarkin gabas. Wato
Kalmar ita ce duniya wadda take nufin
wani sarari da Allah ya yi hallita sannan kuma samar da abubuwa daban-daban a
ciki.
Sai kuma: Faɗi gaskiya
Bello kai Shehu ya ce,
Jagora: Bari masu son duk su maishe ka yaro,
Da kyauta da ilimi da neman dalili,
Y/Amshi: Da gode wa Allah da istingifari,
Da su
Bello ɗan Shehu
yat ma kowa,
Ka kai
kamab Bello ka gadi Moyi,
Saur aka
kai inda mai Hausa yak kai.
(waƙar
Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ture Haushi ɗa na 3).
Idan aka
duba wannan ɗan waƙar
da ya gabata za ga makaɗan ya yi amfani da kalmomin aro guda huxu
inda ya nuna Shehu mutum ne mai gaskiya yayin da ya aro kalmomin Larabci ya yi
amfani da su domin isar da saƙonsa ga
masu sauraro. Kalma ta farko ita ce ilimi
da yake nufi mutum ya tashi ya je ya neme ilimi domin ya kore jahilci a rayuwa. Akwai kalmar dalili wadda take nufin wani abu da zai sa
mutum ya aikata wani abu. Sai kalmar Allah
tana nufin Ubangiji ko kuma mahallici. Sai istingifari wanda yake wani nau’in ibada na neman gafarar Allah zunuban da aka aikata bisa kuskure ko
kuma da gangan.
Akwai kuma:
Jagora: Muhamman dalilinka niz zo Talata,
‘Y/Amshi: Muhamman dalilinka niz zamni Hausa,
Kwas san mu gidan ga na anka san mu,
Kuma ba mu wuce nan ba nan munka dage,
Ban zo gidan ɗanbita niy yi roƙo,
Ko ya raba lafiya ba ruwana
(waƙar Sarkin
Musulmi Muhammadu Ture Haushi ɗa na 6)
Wannan ɗan waƙar
da ya gabata makaɗin ya yi amfani da kalmar aro guda ɗaya domin
ya samu ya isar da saƙonsa cikin
sauƙi. A nan makaɗin ya yi
amfani wannan kalmar ne domin nuna dalilin da ya sa ya zo ranan Talata. Ita dai kalmar Talata tana ɗaya daga
cikin jerin sunayen ranaku na mako da makaɗin ya yi
amfani da ita wajen isar da saƙonsa.
Sai kuma wannan:
Jagora: Shi wane girman kai bai da wayo,
‘Y/Amshi: Wane girman shi kai bai da wayo,
Ya toge daidai shi ne nan ban i na,
Ya bar azumi da
kono da sunna,
Sai shisshirye benci matsata su zanna
(waƙar
Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu mai Ture Haushi ɗa na 8).
A cikin
wannan ɗan waƙar
Sa’idu Faru ya yi ƙoƙarin
amfani da kalmomin aro na Larabci guda uku inda yake nuni da wanda yake wa ba
ya aikata su wato kalmomin azumi da kono
da kuma sunna. A nan kalmar azumi tana nufi wani nau’in ibada ne da
al’ummar Musulmi suke yi ko dai azumin ya
kasance na farilla ne (watan Ramadan) ko kuma na sunna da ake aiwatarwa a
lokuta daban-daban domin neman lada wajen Allah (SWA). Sai kalmar sunna wadda take magana a kan koyi da abubuwan
da Annabi Muhammadu (S.A.W) ya bayar da umurni a aikata musamman abin da ya
shafi ibada. Hikimar da za gani a nan dukka waɗannan
kalmomin da makaɗin ya aro daga Larabci suna magana ne a kan abin
da ya shafi ibada.
Sai kuma:
Jagora: Tsaye da kyawo zamne da kyawo,
‘Y/Amshi: Macciɗo jikan Ma’azu
makaye,
Babban jerin duniya uban Alhaji Salihu.
(waƙar
Farin cikin Musulmin Duniya ɗa na 3)
Akwai
kalmar aro guda ɗaya da aka yi amfani da ita cikin wannan ɗan waƙar
ta ‘Farin Cikin Musulmin Duniya’ wato kalmar alhaji wadda take nufin mutumin da ya je aikin hajji ƙasa mai
tsarki wato Saudiyya ya sauke farali wanda yake sauke farali na ɗaya daga
cikin abubuwa da Allah ya sharɗanta ga Musulmin da ya samu iko aƙala
sau ɗaya a
rayuwarsa. A nan kalmar da Sa’idu Faru ya aro ta Larabci ta shafi fannin ibada
da ake kiran wanda ya yi aikin hajji.
Akwai kuma:
Jagora: Sa’idu malamin
waƙa
‘Y/Amshi: Mai kwana lazumin
na Mamman Balarabe
(waƙar Farin
cikin Musulmin Duniya ɗa na 4).
An yi
amfani da kalmomin aro guda biyu cikin wannan ɗan waƙar
wajen isar da saƙo inda makaɗin ya kira
kansa malamin kuma mai kwana yana lazumi. A nan makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmar malamin wadda ma’anarta take nufin
mutum masani mai koyar da wani fannin na ilimi. Sai kalma ta biyu da ya yi amfani
da ita cikin ɗan waƙar
wato, lazumin wadda ita kuma take
nufin roƙon Allah a samu biyan buƙata. A nan makaɗin
kalmomin da ya yi amfani da su, sun shafi ibadun da ake aiwatarwa cikin Addinin
Musulunci.
Akwai kuma:
Jagora: Manya ma’aikatan gwamnati,
Manyan ma’aikatan En/e
Almajirinku na an nan,
Don bisa garai ta Allah ya shirya muna abinci,
Na roƙe inda
hali,
Don shirya muna kujera tamu mu tai hajji
Na yi mahwalki nai
sallah Makka ɗawahi,
‘Y/Amshi: Kuma na rungume turame a bagaruwa da tasbahohi
An ce mani Alhaji nai
kyaun fasalin kiɗi,
Wanga mahwalki in
Allah ya nufa,
A shirye shi ya zan haka.
(waƙar Farin
cikin Musulmin Duniya ɗa na 17).
Idan aka duba wannan ɗan waƙar
makaɗa Faru ya
yi amfani da kalmomin aro na Larabci guda takwas wajen isar da saƙonsa
zuwa ga masu sauraro, inda ya yi amfani da waɗannan
kalmomin ya roƙa abin da yake da buƙata.Waɗannan kalmomin
sun ƙunshi: Almajirinku
da hajji da sallah da Makka da ɗawahi da tasbahohi da fasali. Kalma ta farko
ita ce ta almajirinku wadda take nufin mutumin da bar garinsu
ko yankinsu ya je wani gari neman ilimi. Akwai kalmar hajji ziyartar ɗakin Allah domin yin ibadun da aka shimfiɗa. Sai.
Sai sallah nau’i ne na ibada da
Allah ya wajabta wa dukkan Musulmi
wadda ake gabatarwa sau biyar a rana ko kuma salolin nafila da ake aiwatarwa ko
kuma sallah da ake yi bukin ƙare
Azumin Ramadana ko bukin sallah
layya. Akwai kalmar Makka wadda take
ƙasa ce daga daulolin ƙasashen
Larabawa. A nan hikimar da za a ga kalmomi guda bakwai sun shafi ibada.
Sai kuma wannan:
Jagora: Tanƙwahau na Alƙalin Alƙalai,
‘Y/Amshi: Bello uban Sarkin dogarai
(waƙar Farin
cikin Musulmin Duniya ɗa na 23).
Akwai kalmar aro ta harshen Larabci a cikin
wannan ɗan waƙar
guda wato alƙalin
da
alƙalai. A nan
kalmar alƙalin na
matsayin mutum guda. Sai kuma alƙalai wadda take nufin alƙalai biyu ko
fiye da haka. Wannan kalmar ta alƙali da makaɗi ya aro a harshen Larabci ta shafi fannin shari’a.
Sai kuma wannan:
Jagora: Zaure mijin gida,
‘Y/Amshi: Ɗan Amadu
koway yi gum da kai bai ci riba ba.
(waƙar Koma
Shirin Yaƙi ɗa na biyu)
An samu
kalmar aro a cikin wannan ɗan waƙar na “Koma
Shirin Yaƙi” inda
aka samu kalma guda wato riba inda makaɗin ya kira
Sa’idu Faru ya nuna duk wanda ya yi karo da
shi bai ci riba ba. Wannan kalmar ta riba tana nufin qarin kuxi da xan kasuwa ke samu bayan ya sayar da
kaya sama da farashin da sayo. Hikimar da za a gani kalmar riba da aka yi amfani da ita ta shafi sha’anin kasuwanci. Akwai
kuma:
Jagora: Na gaishe ka da aikin ilimi,
‘Y/Amshi: Na gaishe ka da yaƙin
mulki,
Na kuma gaishe ka da kyauta.
(waƙar
Muzakkarin Sarki ɗan Audu ɗa na 5).
Wannan ɗan waƙar
da ya gabata an samu kalmomin aro guda biyu inda makaɗin ya
ambaci kalmomin mulki wadda take
nufin tafiyar da shugabanci na jama’a. Sai kuma kalma ta biyu ita ce kyauta tana nufi ka ba wa wani, wani abu.
Jagora: Don ku san,
‘Y/Amshi: Sai an ci Talata sannan Narba ka isowa.
(waƙar
Muzakarin Sarki Ɗan’audu ɗa na 10).
Wannan ɗan waƙar
an samu kalmar aro guda da aka yi amfani da su wajen isar da saƙo
wato kalmar Narba wadda makaɗin ya
ambata kuma kalmar tana nufin ɗaya daga cikin kwanaki da ake da su
cikin mako.
Akwai kuma:
Jagora: Su ungulu na son riƙon
muƙami,
‘Y/Amshi: Amma bai bari ƙazanta.
(waƙar
Muzakarin Sarki Ɗan’audu ɗa na 12).
A nan
cikin wannan ɗan an samu
kalmar aro ta Larabci guda guda ɗaya da aka yi amfani da ita wajen isar
da saƙo ga jama’a wato kalmar muƙami. Kalmar muƙami
tana nufin samun wani iko ko kuma dama tafiyar da wani abu.
3.4 Kalmomin Aron na Ingilishi a Cikin Ɗiyan Wasu Waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru
Turawa
wasu al’ummomi ne da Hausawa suka daɗe suna mu’amala da su
ta fuskar zamantakewa da sauran harkokin rayuwa. Don haka, al’ummar Hausawa sun
daɗe suna
amfani da kalmomin Turanci masu tarin yawa waɗanda suka
aro suka shigar da su cikin kalmominsu kuma suke amfani da su musamman a ɓangararori
da dama na rayuwa waɗanda suka haɗa da ɓangaren da
ya shafi kimiyya da fasaha da siyasa da al’adu da dai sauransu. A cikin waƙoƙin
makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru akwai wurare da ya yi amfani da hikimar kalmomin aro na Ingilishi domin ya
isar da saƙonsa cikin sauƙi musamman
zuwa ga jama’a masu sauraronsa. Ga kaɗan daga ɗiyan waƙoƙin
da ya yi amfani da irin wannan hikimar kamar haka:
Misali:
Jagora: Baba
ya ba mu bandura guda duk na lailai,
‘Y/ Amshi:
Yaba mu bandura guda duk na yadi,
Yaba mu fam goma ya ce mu ɗunke,
Ga takalma
na fam shidda-shidda,
Hula
kalabus guda goma yab ban,
Kyauta
irin taka jikan Ma’azu,
Don ba a
cewa mutum ba kama tai,
Sai Larabawan Masar masu girma.
(waƙar
Sarkin Musulmi Muhammadu Ture Haushi ɗa na 4)
Wannan ɗan waƙar
Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru ya nuna irin giman kyautar da aka yi masu inda ya yi amfani da kalmomin
aro na Ingilishi waɗanda suka haɗa da:
Kalmar bandura da yadi da fom. A nan kalmar bandura da harshen Ingilishi tana nufin
ƙunshin wani abu da yake cure wuri ɗaya. Akwai
kalmar yadi wadda wani nau’i ne na
sutara (tufafi) da ake amfani da shi domin suturta jiki. Sai kalmar fam wato wasu
nau’in kuɗi ne da
ake amfani da shi a ƙasar Ingila. Idan aka
lura a wannan ɗan waƙar
za ga cewa saƙon da makaɗin yake buƙatar
isawa ya fito fili.
Sai kuma:
Jagora: Da biskit da
minti da taba sigari,
‘Y/Amshi: Biskit da minti
da taba sigari,
Da lemu da soda da kwalbat sitawut,
Bai ya da aza su ko sau guda ba,
Yanzu wasicin da Usumanu ya ce,
Ya ce abincinsu daɗi gare
shi,
Awanci abincinsu daɗi gare
shi,
Kowane ne yai ta ci na ruwana,
Wancan na ci ta ci bai ci can ba.
(waƙar
Sarki Muhammadu mai Tura Haushi ɗa na 7).
Idan aka duba wannan ɗan waƙar da ya gabata za a cewa Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmomin aro na
Ingilishi guda biyar waɗanda suka haɗa da Biskiti wanda yake wani nau’i ne na abin maƙwalashe ne. Sai kuma minti wani abu ne ake sha ko tsotsawa da baki mai zaƙi. Ita kuma kalmar taba sigari wani nau’in abu da ake zuƙa
daga baki ne wanda yake fitar da hayaƙi a
cikinsa. Sai kuma kalmar lemu wanda
yake wani abu ne da ake amfani da shi.
Akwai kuma:
Jagora: Wanda bai san daɗin doki
ba,
Sai ya ce jaki hikima garai,
Wanda bai san daɗin mota ba,
Sai ya ce Honda hikima
garai,
‘Y/ Amshi: To, ni maganar zaƙi akai,
Kowa na kurɓa ruwan zuma,
Ba shi koma tad da batun maɗi.
(waƙar Farin
cikin Musulmin Duniya ɗa na 13).
Ita wannan
waƙar ta “Farin
Cikin Musulmin Duniya”
an
samu kalmomin aro guda biyu da Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da su inda ya ɗaga
darajasu fiye da wasu inda ya fifita doki fiye da jaki. Haka kuma, ya kawo mota wadda take wani nau’in abun hawa
ne da Turawa suka samar da ake amfani da ita wajen sufurin jama’a ko kuma
sufurin kaya daga wannan wurin zuwa wancan. Sai kalmar ta biyu ita ce honda wadda ita ma nau’in mota ce da ake amfani da ita ta alfarma.
Sai kuma:
Jagora: Ɗanbaba
marafan kiɗi,
Ni daudu daukin kiɗi,
Ga Shehu makaman kiɗi,
Ga su nan kuma ga Sarkin fada mun yi layi,
‘Y/Amshi: Yaran Sa’idu Faru namu,
A zo a sha ta zak kyawo,
In don kwaramniya ba fasali ba ce.
(waƙar Farin Cikin
Sarkin Musulmi ɗa na 15)
An samu
kalmar aro a cikin wannan ɗan waƙar da ya
gabata guda ɗaya wato
kalmar layi. Kalmar layi a nan tana
nufin wani wuri da aka tsara. Makaɗin ya yi amfani da
wannan kalmar ta aro ce inda yake bayar da labarin yanayin da suke ciki, shi da
‘yan amshin waƙarsa. A nan hikimar da za a gani ita ce yadda
makaɗi ya yi
amfani da hikimarsa ya yi amfani da wannan kalmar.
Akwai kuma:
Jagora: Majalisar ɗunkin
duniya,
A majalisar ɗunkin duniya,
Ta yi ododi ga
manoma a riƙa aiki da gaskiya,
A aje abinci a gaskiya,
A tar da gero a tar da dawa,
Sai gujjiya a sai a kaɗa,
A aje gero,
So nai mukai babban abu Njeriya,
Ko Bature ka
kab ba shi girgizawa,
Ko da ya sha,
‘Y/ Amshi: Sai ka ji ya watsa Ingilishi,
Kai nai ya fashe da ya tamni tsakin dawo,
A sha hura a yi wasa Ɗantumba,
Shan hura ba lahani ba ne
(Waƙar
Farin Cikin Sarkin Musulmin Duniya ɗa na 17)
Wannan ɗan waƙar
da ya gabata Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmomin aro guda uku lokacin da yake
bayar da labari a kana bin da majalisar ɗunkin duniya
ta yin a kawo nau’o’in abinci zuwa ga al’umma. wato kalmomin ododi da Bature da Ingilishi. A nan kalmar ododi tana nufin a samar da wani abu da aka bayar da umurni a aikata wani abu. Akwai
kalmar Bature wadda take nufi wani nau’i mutum ne farar fata. Sai kuma kalmar ingilishi wanda yake nufin wani harshe ne ƙasashen
Turawa suke magana da shi.
4.0 Sakamakon
Bincike
Akwai
abubuwa da dama da wannan sakamakon bincike ya gano kamar haka:
1.An gano
cewa dukkan kalmomin Larabci da makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya aro
ya yi amfani da su ya yi aro ne na kai tsaye, inda ya yi amfani da wasu yadda
suke wasu kuma ya yi masu kwaskwarima.
Haka kuma,
kalmomin Ingilishi da makaɗin ya aro ya yi amfani da su wasu ya
kira su yadda suke wasu kuma an yi masu kwaskwarima.
2. Sannan
kuma, wannan takardar ta gano an yi amfani kalmomin Larabci har guda ashirin da
shida (26) a cikin wasu ɗiyan waƙoƙi
da aka nazarta, inda takardar ta gano an yi amfani da kalmomin da suka shafi
sha’anin ibada fiye da sauran fannoni na rayuwa.
Kazalika,
ta gano cewa an yi amfani da kalmomin Ingilshi da makaɗi Sai’idu
Faru ya yi amfani da su cikin ɗiyan waƙoƙinsa
har guda goma sha huɗu (14) na fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa.
4.0 Kammalawa
A taƙaice
dai, wannan takardar ta yi bayani a kan ma’anar waƙar baka da
taƙaitaccen tarihin Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru da ma’anar kalmomin aro da
kalmomi aro a cikin waƙoƙin
Sa’idu Faru waɗanda suka ƙunshi
kalmomin aro na Larabci da na Ingilishi da sharhi a kan kalmomin aro da aka
kawo da ratayen kalmomin aron da aka nazarta da kuma manazarta.
Manazarta
Ɗangambo, A. (2007). Ɗaurayar Gadon Faɗe Waƙa (sabon
tsari) Kaduna: Amana
Garba, C. Y. (1984). Nazarin
Hausa a Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandare.
Lagos: Nelson Pitman.
Gusau, S. M (1987). Makaɗa
da Mawaƙan Hausa. Kano: Century
Research and
Publishing Limited.
Gusau, S. M. (1988). Waƙoƙin
Makaɗan Fada:
Sigoginsu Musamman a Ƙasar Sakkwato.
Kundin Digiri na Uku. Kano: Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya Jami’ar Bayero.
Gusau, S. M. (2009). Diwanin
Waƙoƙin Baka. Kano:
Century Research and Publshing Limited.
Gusau, S. M. (2011). Adabin Baka a Sauƙaƙe. Kano:
Century Research and Publishing Limited.
Gusau, S. M. (2014). Waƙar Baka
Bahaushiya
(The Hausa Oral Song). Kano: Century Reseach
and Publishing Limited.
Sa’id, B. (1981) Bambancin
Waƙar Baka da Rubutacciya A cikin Studies in Hausa
Language Literature and Culture. The
Second Hausa Internatinal Conference. Kano: Center for the Nigerian Languages Bayero
University.
Umar, M. B. (1980). Nazarin
Waƙoƙin Hausa. Zariya:
Hausa Publication Center.
Rataye na Ɗaya
Jerin kalmomin Larabci da na Ingilishi da aka
yi Aiki a Kansu
Kalmomin Larabci
1. Ilimi |
11. Muƙami |
2. Alhaji |
12 Tasbahohi |
3. Hajji |
13. Alƙali |
4. Sarki |
14. Sunna |
5. Dalili |
15. Malam |
6. Allah |
16. Mulki |
7. Duniya |
17. Sallah |
8. Istingifari |
18. Makka |
9. Talata |
19. Ɗawahi |
10. Salati |
20. Narba |
11. Azumi |
|
Kalmomin Ingilishi
1. Yadi |
9. Mota |
2. Bandura |
10. Honda |
3. Biskit |
11. Gwamnati |
4. Minti |
12. odda |
5. Sigari |
13. Bature |
6. Lemu |
14. Ingilishi |
7. Soda |
|
8. Benci |
|
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