A Nuta a Shako Ba Budumbuduma Ba: Misali A Gulbin Nazarin Waka Daga Masaniyar Tarihin Adabi

    kiɗa

    A NUTA A SHAƘO BA BUDUMBUDUMA BA: MISALI A GULBIN NAZARIN WAƘA DAGA MASANIYAR TARIHIN ADABI

    Daga

    A. B. Yahya
    Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Najeriya
    Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato, Sakkwato
    (Malami can dauri a Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato)
    +2347031961302; bagidadenlema2@gmail.com

    Tsakure

    Kowace al’umma tana da adabinta kuma kowane adabin al’umma, musamman wanda take kallo a matsayin nata ne na gargajiya,ya ƙunshi hikimomi iri iri. Waɗansu daga cikin waɗannan hikimomi sun keɓanta ga al’ummar, wasu kuwa kan yi tarayya da na wata al’umma ko dai saboda kasancewarsu gama-gari a duniya, ba mai tinƙaho da su ta ce ita ce ta ƙirƙiro su, ko kuma waɗanda wannan al’umma ta samo sanadiyyar hulɗa tsakaninta da mai su. Wannan muƙala ta kawo misalin wata hikimar waƙoƙin Hausa wadda ga dukan alamu manazarta ba su damu da ita ba amma su mawaƙan Hausa suna sane da ita kuma sukan yi amfani da ita tsawon zamunna. Haka kuma muƙalar manuniya ce ga masana cewa Hausa tana da hikimomin da wasu kan ɗauka ba ta da su har su kai ga ɗauko irin waɗannan hikimomi daga adabin wata al’umma su ce wai sun kawo wa Hausa! A taƙaice muƙalar tana kira ne ga manazarta da su ɗebe ƙwiya su nuta cikin gulbin nazarin adabin Hausa, musamman ɓangaren waƙa, domin su shaƙo waɗannan hikimomi. Muƙalar ta samu haske ne daga fitilar nazarin waƙa ta Farfesa Ɗalhatu Muhammad ta zaƙulo sabon abu ko share fage domin manazarta su bi totar.

    1.0   Ganatarwa

    Wannan muƙala tana bukatar manazarta musamman mata, na ko wane fanni su kasance masu yin nuta cikin gulbin nazarin fanninsu su shaƙo wani abu, ba wai su tsaya ga yin budumbuduma ba a saman gulbin da kowa ya sha shiga!  Abin farin ciki da ƙwarin gwiwa ne ga Bahaushe mai kishin Hausa, kuma manarzacin Adabin Hausa musamman na waƙa, idan ya bibiyi gudummuwar da shaihin malami Ɗalhatu Muhammad (Allah ya yi masa rahama da shiga Aljannar Firdausi amin) ya bai wa Harshen Hausa, musamman a fagen nazarin Hausa, tun ma ba ga yin la’akari da fannin nazarin waƙa ba. Manazarci ba zai kasa lura da cewa kusan dukan inda alƙalamin Ɗalhatu ya hau to kuwa zayyana ce sabuwa. Aikin na shaihin mallamin yakan kasance ko dai share fage domin manazarta masu tasowa su hau, su wakita har su ƙara da yi wa fagen kwalliya, kamar muƙalarsa mai gabatar da Waƙoƙin Hausa na Baka da ya fitar a 1971, ko kuma zaburarwa don samar da abin da da babu shi, kamar muƙalarsa ta 1973 wadda ita ce aiki na farko da ya kawo kalmomin fannu na adabin Hausa cikin Harshen Hausa. Wannan muƙala ta shaihin Malami Ɗalhatu kamar kira ne da kakkausar murya ga Hausawa masana da su mutunta kansu ta hanyar yin nazarin aƙalla Adabin Hausa cikin harshensu na Hausa. Muƙalar ta faɗakar da masana har ta haifar da tarurrukan ƙara wa juna sani, ba na cikin ƙasar nan ba kurum, har ma tsakanin ƙasashe a 1982 da 1983. Hakan ne ya sa a 1990 Ɗalhatu ya zama editan ƙamus na keɓaɓɓun kalmomin fannu na Hausa na farko, wato, Hausa Metalanguage (Ƙamus na Keɓaɓɓun Kalmomi). Tun kamin nan, manazarcin waƙoƙin Hausa ba zai kasa cin karo da gagarumin aikin Ɗalhatu na neman digirin digirgir ba wato, ‘Indiɓidual Talent in the Hausa Poetic Tradition: a Study of Aƙilu Aliyu and His Art’. Ya yi wannan aiki a 1977. Ɗalhatu Muhammad, ba sai na zaƙe ba amma shi ne masani na farko da ya ja hankalin manazarta waƙoƙin Hausa ga zurfafa binciken karin waƙar Hausa. Ya kuwa yi haka ne da muƙalunsa da ya kira ‘The Two Facets of Rhyme in Hausa Poetry: Syllabic and Tonal’ (1978) da‘Tonal Rhyme: a Preliminary Study of the Role of Linguistic Tone in Hausa Ɓerse’ (1980) da kuma ‘Waƙa Bahaushiya’ (1984). A shekara ta 2006 aka buga muƙalarsa mai nuni da cewa ‘yantar da Hausawa daga ƙangin koyon ɓangarorin ilmi cikin baƙon harshe ba zai samu ba sai an fara rubuta kundayen digiri na uku a kan ilmin harsuna cikin harshen Hausa zalla. Muƙalar nan ita ce ya kira, Tsakanin Hamada da Hamdala: Gudunmuwar Jami’o’i ga Haɓaka Harshen Hausa.

    An kawo waɗannan misalai na kaɗan daga ayyukan Shaihin Malami Ɗalhatu Muhammad don su kasance waɗanda ke nuni da cewa shi a koyaushe mai buɗa hanya ne, kuma mai share fage ne ya cire ƙaya ya haska wa manazarta a nazarin adabin Hausa musamman na waƙa. To sai dai babbar manufar wannan muƙala ita ce ta nuna yadda wata masaniya a Tarihin Adabi ta bi wannan hanya ta Ɗalhatu Muhammad. Ta ƙi yarda da ta zama cikin ƙangin mulkin mallakar Turawa, ta ƙi bari ilminta da nazarce-nazarcenta su kasance masu bauta wa tunanin Turai. Ta ɗauki hanyar da Ɗalhatu Muhammad ya share mana wato, zaƙulo abubuwan da suke na gadin-gadin ne ga Hausawa har a cikin waƙoƙinsu, waɗanda kuma hajoji ne da ana iya shanya su a baje su a kowace kasuwar baje hajar hikima. Ta haska wa manazarta waƙoƙin Hausa wata hikima da Hausawa suka daɗe da sani kuma suke amfani da ita musamman a waƙoƙinsu. Wannan masaniyar Ilmin Tarihin Adabi ita ce, Farfesa Aliyah Adamu Ahmad ta Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Najeriya a Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato. Sakamakon nazarin da Aliyah ta raɗa wa suna ‘Waƙa-kwaikwaye’ ta gano cewa Hausawa sun daɗe, daɗin daɗewa da sani da kuma amfani da shi a ɓangaren adabi da ake kira wasan kwaikwayo, kuma har cikin waƙoƙinsu suka daɗe da sanya shi don ya yi musu kwalliya mai armashi. Bari ma a tsakuro kaɗan daga cikin tarihi domin a san ko wace ce Aliyah.

    2.0               Tarihin Aliyah

    An haifi Aliyah ranar 25 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta 1979, cikin birnin Sakkwato a unguwar Minanata. Sunan mahaifinta Alhaji Adamu Ahmad. Alhaji Adamu mai ilmin Addini ne da na Boko, saboda haka ba abin mamaki ba ne a sami ‘ya’yansa duk sun yi makarantun Addini da na Bokon, wasu ma suna kan yi. Alhaji Adamu miji ne ga Hajiya Khadija wadda ita ce mahaifiyar Aliyah. Da ita da mijinta su ne suka yi reno da tarbiyyar Aliyah tun tasowarta har ta kai ga kammala digirin digirgir, wato Ph.D.

    Kamar sauran ‘ya’yan Hausawa Aliyah ta fara karatun Addinin Musulunci tun tana da shekaru uku na haihuwa, kuma mahaifinta ne ya fara koya mata da karatun Alƙur’ani. Daga bisani kuma ya kai ta Makarantar Malam Bala Maiɗori a unguwar Minanata. Mahaifin Aliyah ya kasance mutum mai son ‘ya’yansa su samu ilmi na Addini da na Boko. A dalilin haka ne, kamar yadda Aliyah ta faɗa wa mai wannan maƙala, ko bayan da ita da ‘yan’uwanta suka girma har suka kama aiki, da yake mahaifin yana da ilmin Larabci da na Addinin Musulunci, sannan ga shi ma’aikacin gwamnati, sai ya keɓe musu lokacin da zai zaunar da su ya karantar da su daga abin da Allah ya hore masa. Wannan al’ada ce da Hausawa suka gada lokaci mai tsawo inda mai ilmi daga cikinsu kan zama malamin farko ga ‘ya’yansa. Mun san haka ne Shehu Usmanu ɗan Fodiyo ya yi wa ‘ya’yansa kamar Nana Asma’u da ‘yan’uwanta. Hasili wannan fa koyarwa ce ta Musulunci.

    Lokacin da Aliyah ta kai tana da shekaru shidda a duniya sai ya shigar da ita makarantar furamare ta Boko a 1985. Wannan makarantar furamare ita ce Uniɓersity Primary School, Sokoto. Ta kammala ta a 1990, lokacin da a kai tsaye ta samu shiga makarantar gaba da furamare ta haɗin kai, wato Unity Secondary School, Illela a jihar Sakkwato daga 1990 zuwa 1992. An mayar da ita zuwa makarantar Goɓernment Girls College, Sokoto a 1992 inda ta kammala a 1995. Daga shekarar 1995 zuwa ta 1997 Aliyah ta yi Kwalejin Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Haliru Binji da ke Sakkwato, wato wadda a turance ake taƙaitawa da Haliru Binji S.C.A.S.. A wannan kwaleji ta samu takardar shaidar karatun IJMB mai darajar maki 10. Wannan shi ya ba ta damar shiga kwas na yin digirinta na farko a Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo da ke Sakkwato. Ta shiga wannan Jami’a a 1997 ta kuma kammala a 2000 da samun digirin B.A. na ilmin Hausa.

    Bayan da Aliyah ta karɓi takardar shaidar digirinta na farko a 2001 ta yi hidimar ƙasa (NYSC) a shekarar 2002. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba ta ci gaba da neman ilmi ba a wannan shekara. To amma fa da kammala Hidimar Ƙasa nan take sai ta nemi ta koma jami’a don ta samo digiri na biyu, a nan dai Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo. Ta kuma yi nasara saboda ta samu gurbin neman digirin M.A. Hausa Studies daga 2002 zuwa 2004. Tana kammala wannan karatu sai Aliyah ta ƙara tsunduma cikin neman digirin digirgir, wato Ph.D. A wannan karo sai ta tsallaka zuwa Jami’ar Bayero ta Kano a shekarar da ta kammala karatun M.A., wato a shekarar 2004. Aliyah ta kammala wannan karatu a 2009, aka kuma ba ta takardar kammala karatun a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2010 lokacin da ta kare kundin da ta rubuta. A duk waɗannan matakai fa mahaifin Aliyah a tsaye yake da ta hau su ta hanyar ba ta ƙwarin gwiwa, ko ta nasiha ko ta masu gidan rana. Wannan haziƙa jaruma fa duk tsawon shekarun nan tun kammala digirinta na farko ba ta daina fafutukar ƙara neman ilmi ba, domin kuwa a ‘yan tsakankanin nan sai da ta yi wasu ƙananan kwasakwasai. Waɗannan kwasakwasai sun haɗa da na takardar shaidar samun ilmin sadarwa wadda da Ingilishi ake kira, Certificate in Mass Communication da ta samu a 2003, da ta Difloma a fagen ilmin koyarwa, wato wadda ake kira Graduate Diploma in Education, a 2004, da kuma takardar shaidar nazarin ilmin na’ura mai ƙwaƙwalwa, wato, Certificate in Computer Studies, ita kuwa a shekarar 2005.

    Ta fuskar rubuce-rubuce kuwa Aliyah ba mai sanyin jiki ba ce. A halin yanzu akwai bugaggun littattafai biyar (5) nata, uku (3) daga ciki ita ce kurum ta rubuta su, biyu (2) kuwa na haɗin gwiwa ne waɗanda guda da ita da wasu a kan rubutacciyar Hausa domin makarantun gaba da furamare, guda kuwa da ita da wani. Littattafai ke nan! Amma ta ɓangaren maƙalu, a halin rubuta wannan maƙala, Aliyah tana da guda-guda har talatin (30) waɗanda aka buga cikin fitattun mujallun da suka shahara a fagen ilmi. A halin da ake ciki kuma Aliyah tana da tarin maƙalun da ko dai suke jiran a buga su ko take kan rubutawa. Haka kuma ba ta yi sanyin ƙafa ba wurin riƙa muƙamai da dama cikin jami’ar da take yi wa aiki da wasu jami’o’i kamar Jami’ar Jihar Kaduna da Jami’ar Yusufu Maitama Sule da ke Kano da kuma Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo ta Sakkwato. Takan yi wa wasu hukumomi kamar kafafen watsa labarai da kan nemi ta kama musu aiki kamar gidan rediyon BBC da ta sha yi wa alƙalancin gasar rubuce-rubucen adabi. A cikin birnin Sakkwato musamman shiyyar da take zaune, Minanata, ana moriyar baiwar da Allah ya yi mata. A kan haka ne majalisar Babban Hakimin Minanata ta ba ta sarautar Jaruma saboda gudummuwar da take bayarwa ga cigaban wannan shiyya ta fuskoki da dama kamar ilmi da tarbiyya.

    Ai kuwa tun ba a lokacin ba ne wannan jurumar mace ta zama jaruma, domin kamar abin da ma’anar sunanta ke nuni, Aliyah ta samu kai aliyar fagen neman ilmi ga Boko. A ranar Assabar 18 ga watan Fabrairu na shekarar 2023 ne Hukumar Gudanarwa ta Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato, bayan tantancewar da masana a fannin Tarihin Adabi suka yi, ta aminta da ba Aliyah muƙamin Farfesa. Aliyah ta kai aliyah!!! (Aliyah 2023, Curricullum Ɓitae).

    3.0     Nuta da Shaƙowa

    A shekarar 2021 ne Farfesa Aliyah ta rubuta wani sakamakon binciken da ta yi wanda ta kira “Waƙa-kwaikwaye:Daɗaɗɗen Adabin Hausawa na Auren Waƙa da Wasan kwaikwayo”[1]. Cikin wannan muƙala ta bayyana abin da take nufi da waƙa-kwaikwaye kamar haka:

    Abin da ake nufi da waƙa-kwaikwaye a wannan maƙala shi ne, waƙar da aka tsara ta yadda za a ji ko kalli aiwatarwarta tamkar ana sauraren ko kallon waɗanda ke magana tamkar cikin wasan kwaikwayo ne ake gabatar da su. Maganar cikin waƙa-kwaikwaye kan kasance ta wasu ce ba ta mawaƙin ba. Haka kuma waƙa ce wadda ita ce gimshiƙin wasan kwaikwayon da ta ƙunsa kuma harshenta da salonta duk na waƙa ne da ke taimakawa ga bayyana duk wani saƙo da mawaƙin yake son ya isar ga jama’a. Wannan tsari da aka kira waƙa-kwaikwaye akan same shi cikin waƙar baka da kuma rubutattar waƙa.

    (Aliyah 2021: “Waƙa-kwaikwaye:Daɗaɗɗen Adabin Hausawa na Auren Waƙa da Wasan kwaikwayo”)

     

    Wannan muƙala, kamar yadda takenta ke nuni, ta tabbatar da muhimman abubuwa kamar haka:

    Ø    Akwai nau’in waƙa da za a iya kira “waƙa-kwaikwaye” cikin waƙoƙin Hausa.

    Ø    Wannan nau’in waƙa ya ƙunshi waƙa da wasan kwaikwayo a tare.

    Ø    Muƙalar ta nuna cewa waƙa-kwaikwaye da shi kansa wasan kwaikwayo sanannun ɓangarorin adabi ne ga Hausawa kuma daɗaɗɗu tun kafin Hausawa su yi mu’amala da wata baƙuwar al’umma ko wani baƙon adabi. A taƙaice tushen waƙa-kwaikwaye da za a iya faɗa shi ne “na gadin-gadin” ko “adabin gargajiyar Bahaushe” ne.

    Ø    Waƙa-kwaikwaye na iya kasancewa zubi kacokan ko kuma tsattsafin zubi; zubi kacokan kamar wasu waƙoƙin wasannin yara; tsattsafi kamar cikin waƙoƙin baka na manya ko kuma rubutattu.

     

    3.1                                       Zubi da Tsarin Waƙa-kwaikwaye

    Zubi da tsarin wannan nau’in waƙa iri ɗaya ne da sauran waƙoƙin Hausa. Idan a rubuce yake zai bi na rubutattun waƙoƙi, haka kuma idan na baka ne to zai bi na waƙoƙin baka, balle kuma na waƙa ruwa-biyu (waƙoƙin zamani). Abin da wannan ɓangare zai mayar da hankali a kai shi ne muhimman sigogin da ke tabbatar da cewa waƙa ko baitocin da ake nazari cikin tsarin waƙa-kwaikwaye suke.

    3.1.1 Muhimman Sigogin Waƙa-kwaikwaye

    Waƙa-kwaikwaye kamar wada Aliyah ta gabatar da ita tana da sigogin da suka haɗa da zubi da tsari, da aiwatarwa, da salo. A wannan muƙala za a kawo sigogin da ake ganin sun fi saura muhimmanci. Su ne sigogin da mai nazarin waƙa-kwaikwaye zai yi la’akari da su. Sigogin su ne salo da kuma aiwatarwa. Sauran sigogi duka waɗanda aka sani ne waƙoƙin Hausa na baka da rubutattu suka ƙunsa. Ta fuskar salo za a yi bayani a kan salon hira da na zayyana da kuma na labari.

    3.1.2 Salon Hira

    Salon hira kamar yadda Yahya (2016:137), ya yi bayanin sa shi ne salon da zai kawo ko dai mawaƙi da shi da wani ko wasu; ko mutane biyu ko fiye suna musayar magana cikin waƙa. Tilas ne wannan salo ya bayyana cikin waƙa-kwaikwaye domin shi ne ke aurar da waƙa da wasan kwaikwayo.

    ‘Yanmata yayin da suke tafiya zuwa kai amarya gidan miji sukan rera wata waƙa-kwaikwaye suna taɓi kamar haka:

    Mun yaye mun yaye

    Wa anka yaye

    A’i

    Wa za a kai ma

    Audu

    Mun ba shi mun ba shi

    Mu ba shi hag ga Allah

     (Yahya: 1997, sh.50)

     

    Mai saurare da jin wannan waƙa ya san da cewa ba muryar mutum guda ce ke cikinta ba. Zai fahimci cewa musayar magana ce ke gudana tsakanin mutum biyu ko kuma mu ce tsakanin mace mai jagoranci da kuma sauran ‘yan matan da za su kai amarya gidan mijinta bayan sun ɗauko ta daga gidan iyayenta inda aka sa ta lalle. A taƙaice dai salon hira ne cikin waƙar nan wanda ya sa waƙar ta zama wadda Aliyah ta kira waƙa-kwaikwaye.

    Wani abu da ya kamata a lura da shi a wannan waƙa shi ne kasancewarta irin waƙar da Aliyah ta yi iƙirarin cewa irin wannan waƙa, waƙa-kwaikwaye, daɗaɗɗiyar abu ce, ba ƙirƙiren bayan da Hausawa suka sadu da wani baƙon adabi ba. Cikin wannan waƙa babu wata kalma da za a iya kafa ƙwaƙƙwarar hujja cewa bayan da Hausawa suka sadu da baƙon adabi sannan suka ƙirƙiro ta. Mai karatu na iya cewa to kalmomin ‘A’i’ da ‘Audu’ da ‘Allah’, ai suna nuni da bayan zuwan Musulunci ne Hausawa suka san su. Sosai haka ne! To amma wannan bai zama dalilin da za a iya cewa sai a lokacin ne wannan waƙa ta samu. To amma muhimmiyar tambaya cikin waƙar ita ce, ‘Yaushe ne Hausawa suka fara aure?’ Ba dai bayan da suka sadu da Musulunci ba. Idan kuwa an yarda da lalle ba bayan da suka sadu da Musulunci ba ne to ashe ana iya cewa, ba tare da shakka ba, waɗannan kalmomi sun shigo cikin wannan waƙa ne domin a daidaita ta da tunanin Bahaushe na Musulunci bayan da ya karɓe shi. A can da da daɗewa, kamar yadda Aliyah ta nuna a muƙalarta, da wasu kalmomi aka rera waƙar. Allah Masani.

    Rubutattun waƙoƙin Hausa waƙoƙi ne da Hausawa suka aro zubi da tsarinsu daga Addinin Musulunci. Wannan ne dalilin da ya sa Aliyah ta kawo misalin waƙa-kwaikwaye daga wata waƙa rubutatta kuma tana iya yin haka daga kowane ƙarni. Ga baitocin da ta kawo daga waƙar ‘‘Yan Jihadi’ ko kuma ‘Halin Duniya Karuwa’. Daɗaɗɗiyar waƙa ce da aka rubuta cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara:

    13. Tana iske mallam ta sa mai shuguli

     Takan tungume shi idan ta ga hali

    Ta sa mishi gururati don shi yi maili

    Ta ce mishi girma da samun ƙabuli

    Idan ka biɗe ni shina samuwa

     

    14. Idan ta’ ishe ya wuce zarahinta

    Shi tashi shina buga tsawa gare ta

    Shi ce ke hi kowa mugunyat tahalta

    Shi ce mata ke ag gida na mayata

    Da ke ko kaɗan ba ni son ƙaruwa

     

    15. Ta ce mishi Mallam halan ba ka san ni

     Da yas sa kana ƙin zamanka gare ni

     Gari da gari aka zo a biɗe ni

     Kwas samu nis so shi ya kwance reni

    Ni wance na hi gaban ƙyaluwa

    (Rubutu daga odiyo, Aliyah, 2022, Rima Radio Sokoto).

     

    Cikin waɗannan baitoci za a lura da cewa da Duniya da mallami ne suke musayar magana. Duniya ce take lallashin Malam don ya amince ya nemi ta aure shi, saboda duk wanda ya aure ta zai sha daula. Shi kuwa Malam da yake ya san da halin Duniya, mutum ne mai tsoron Allah Mahalicci, sai ya ƙi ya yarda da abin da take faɗa masa domin makirci ne take yi don ta yaudare shi. A taƙaice wannan zantawa tsakanin Malam da Duniya a waɗannan baitoci tana cikin tsarin waƙa-kwaikwaye ne. Rubutun da aka ja wa layi ƙasa shi ne zancen Duniya, rubutun gicciye shi ne na Malam.

    Cikin waƙoƙin baka na gargajiya waɗanda mawaƙan ƙarni na ishirin ko ishirin da ɗaya suka yi, kamar rubutattu na gargajiya irin ‘Halin Duniya’, su ma sukan ƙunshi wannan tsari na waƙa-kwaikwaye. (Dr.) Mamman Shata gwani ne a nan. Shi yakan fito da tsarin ba ma ta kalmomin da yake furtawa ba, a’a har ma aiwatarwar waƙoƙinsa. Dubi wasu layukan waƙarsa, ‘Malam Babba na Ƙofar Gabas’:

    Shi yai naɗi ni nai naɗi

     Amshi:Malam Babba na Ƙofar Gabas

    Na je na ce wa Baba a duba mani

    Amshi:

    Ya ce wai mi za a duba maka

    Amshi:

    Sheda wa Babba na hanyar Gabas

    Taurarin ga ina suka laɓe

    Amshi:

    Ka in karo da su in ɓace

    Amshi:

    Sai ya jawo ƙasa na Ƙofar Gabas

    Amshi:

    Na ga dai yai shirin ya duba mani

    Amshi:

    Da yai haka sai na ga-no yai haka

    Amshi:

    Ya kimtsa sai na ga ya wo haka

    Amshi:

    Ya sake shiryawa na ga yai wani haka

    Amshi:

    Ya fidda uku ya ɗauke shida

    Amshi:

    Sannan ya ɗauke huɗu ya ɗauke tara

    Amshi :

    Na ga yai gum da ni yana al’ajab

    Amshi:

     Ya ce man kai makaɗi mai kiɗa

    Sha shagalinka cikin duniya

    Dub ba abin da zai tamma ka

    Gidan tara kake gani kuma nike

    Amshi:

    Ya ce mani gidan tara nike ashe ta ruhwa

    (YouTube: https//youtub.be/38Cp7oƙZ13M)

     

    Duk wanda ya kalli Shata yana rera wannan waƙa zai shedi yadda mawaƙin yake aiwatar da ma’anonin abubuwan da yake rerawa. Ita wannan waƙa ta fito da salon hira da kuma na zayyana wanda za a yi bayani a kansa nan gaba kaɗan. A waɗannan layuka Shata ya yi amfani da salon hira inda ya je wurin gwarzonsa Malam Babba na Ƙofar Gabas. Ya tambai Malam Babba da ya buga ƙasa ya yi masa duba. Shi kuwa Malam Babba ya amsa masa da tambaya, wai me Shata yake son a yi masa duba a kai. Shata ya amsa da cewa taurarinsa na sa’a da rashin sa’a yake son a duba masa don kada ya je ya yi ta rayuwa cikin duhu, inda ya yi ba can taurarin sa’a suka yi nuni ba. To daga jin wannan bayani da Shata ya yi sai Malam Babba ya shiga aikinsa na ‘bugun ƙasa’. A ƙarshe sai ya gano yadda lamarin Shata yake da kuma yadda zai kasance. Ya dubi Shata da mamaki ya ce masa ya tafi abinsa ya yi ta abin da ya ga dama domin sa’arsa mai girma ce wadda ba ta bar kafar wata alka cikin rayuwar Shata ba.

    Akwai wani wuri cikin wata rerawar wannan waƙa inda salon hira yake a zubi da tsarin waƙa-kwaikwaye. Wurin shi ne inda matar Shata ta nemi Malam Babba da ya duba mata ko za ta sami haihuwa, ya kuma duba ya gano za ta sami juna biyu kuma har da gano cewa ɗa ne za ta samu, kuma Shata ya faɗa mana cewa haka ne abin ya tabbata.

    3.1.3 Salon Labari da na Zayyana

    A cikin muƙalarta Aliyah ta bayyana yardarta da ra’ayin Yahya (2016:111-113, 141-142) dangane da ma’anonin salon zayyana da na labari. Shi salon zayyana shi ne ma’anarsa take kamar haka:

     

    Salon zayyana yana nufin amfani da kalmomi a cikin waƙa waɗanda tattare da sauran maganar da suka fito cikinta za su ƙirƙiro siffar abu ko yanayi a cikin zuciyar mai karatu ko sauraren waƙar.

      (Yahya, 2016, sh.111).

     

    Shi kuma salon labari yana da ma’ana kamar haka:

     

    Salon labari shi ne mawaƙi ya kawo baitoci (ɗiya) waɗanda ke bayyana abin da ya gudana tsakanin mutane biyu ko fiye.

     (Yahya, sh. 141)

    An ambata cikin bayanin misalin waƙar Dr. Mamman Shata ta Malam Babba na Ƙofar Gabas cewa akwai salon zayyana. Abin lura shi ne ko da sauraren Shata akayi ba kallon sa aka yi yana rera waƙarsa ba, kalmomin da ya furta da yadda ya furta su za su kawo wa mai saurare cikin zuciyarsa hoton Shata da na Malam Babba. Hoton Shata zai kasance mabiɗin sani inda malami mai bugun ƙasa; shi kuwa hoton Malam Babba zai kasance na boka ya yi zaune noce da kai yana zane a kan ƙasa, har ya kai ya tayar da kai yana dubin Shata da mamaki, shi kuwa Shata ya tsura masa ido da kunnuwa buɗe don ya ji ko me aka dubo masa dangane da rayuwarsa. Haka hoton matar Shata zai kasance yayin da na Malam Babba zai kasance na malamin duba cike da tabbacin abin da yake sheda wa matar. A taƙaice dai zuciyar mai saurare za ta ga malamin duba cike da tabbaci yayin da Shata da matarsa za a gane su farko da rashin sanin tabbas sannan daga baya cike da fara’a.

    Aliyah ta kuma kawo misalin zayyana cikin waƙa-kwaikwaye da wasu ɗiyan waƙar Shayi ɗan gidan Labbo wadda Kassu ya yi. Kassu Zurmi gwani ne na saƙa waƙa-kwaikwaye cikin waƙoƙinsa. Yakan saka sigogin hira da zayyana da ma labari cikin tsarin.

    A waƙar da ya yi ta Nomau na Magarya akwai salon zayyana a wuraren da ya kawo waƙa-kwaikwayen. Ita wannan waƙa ana iya kallon ta a matsayin waƙa-kwaikwaye da salon labari ya kasance ginshiƙin da salon hira da salon zayyana suka jingina gare shi cikinta. A kan haka ne a wannan ɓangare aka kawo wasu ɗiyan wannan waƙa da nufin misalin salon labari da na zayyana a lokaci ɗaya.

    A ɗiya uku na farko na wannan waƙa Kassu ya yi wa gwarzonsa kirarin da ke sanya mai saurare ƙishin ya ji bayani sosai a kan Nomau:

     

    1. Nomau tushen hwaɗa Karen masu gari

    Toronkawan tciya uban Mairogo

    Ko hwatara tai yawa takan zam iko

    Nomau ko ba ka jin batun masu gari

     

    2. Na Magaji ƙanƙari ba ka jiƙa

    Gauɗe ba kamatanki

    Baba kaɗe ba ka baka

    Nomau tushen hwaɗa karem masu gari

     

    3. Gagarabadau ubangidan ‘Yaj Jimmau

    Da Kassu barka da tciya

    Banawa kyawon hwaɗa a yo accakwama

    Baba a kwaɓa ta baƙi ƙirin ta ƙare maku can

    Na Magaji in ga ham magabata suna hawa za a biɗa

     (Magaji 2016:69)

     

    Domin Kassu ya ɗebe wannan ƙishi daga masu sauraren sa sai ya fara amfani da salon labari cikin waƙa-kwaikwayen da ya mamaye zubi da tsarin wannan waƙa. Ya buɗe labarin da tambayar ‘yan tauri da kuma manyan makaɗa (na su ‘yan taurin). Wato ya fara tsara waƙa-kwaikwaye domin wannan tambaya tana tamkar hira ce ya buɗe da mutanen da ya ambata. Tambayar dai ita ce:

     

    Na tambaya cikin ‘yan tauri

    To kuma na tambaya ga manyan makaɗa

    Wa anka ba doki da gangami ba ni ba

    A’a doki da gangami sai Nomau na Magarya

    (YouTube,Gargajiya Tɓ Kassu Zurmi5Collections da ƙari kan Magaji, 2016:69)

     

    A cikin wannan tambaya Kassu ya fara sarƙa salon labari, ɗaya daga cikin sigogin waƙa-kwaikwaye, wanda shi ne ya kasance ginshiƙin sauran salailan da ke cikin tsarin na waƙa-kwaikwayen da Kassu ya gina waƙarsa. Duk abin da ya biyo bayan wannan ɗan waƙar ƙarin bayani ne a kansa. Misali idan aka dubi salon zayyana ga waɗannan layuka za a ga cewa akwai dangantaka tsakaninsa da salon labari cikin waƙa-kwaikwayen da Kassu ya sarƙa:

     

    8. Niz zo nic ce Saraki doki nika so

     Ku kau nac ce da tarbace za ku saye

     Yac ce la-la-la babu ruwana

     Kassu in don ni ko anini nau ba ya shiga

     Nomau dai bai raga ma kowa Magarya

     Sannan wani ba ya sa shi aiki ya tahi

     

     9. Nic ce Allah kau waddan ƙarhin Nomau

     Mi ƙarhinka yad daɗa na Magarya

     Tun da ba ka da komi garin ga ba ka da kowa

     Ka ga dokin na baz zuwa gida ba ka yi shi ba

     Baba in sata kakai yi sata ka saye

     In kau ka ga ba ka sata yi hwashe

     Amman na baz zuwa gida ba ni da shi

     Baba kunya nika ji

     Dokin na baz zuwa gida ba ka yi shi ba

     In kau na isa gidan bila’i ya kasan.

     Sai La’ilaha illal lahu

     Daɗa Kassu ya yi rantsuwak kahhwara

    (YouTube, Gargajiya TV Kassu Zurmi5Collections da ƙari kan Magaji, 2016:70)

     

    Cikin waɗannan ɗiya biyu zuciyar mai saurare za ta ga aƙalla mutane huɗu: da shi kansa Kassu Zurmi wato mawaƙin, da Saraki na Magarya, da gwarzon mawaƙin, wato Nomau, da kuma jama’ar ƙauyen Magarya. Kassu ya tayar da batun dokin da aka yi masa alkawalin za a saya masa. Ya yi ƙoƙarin tuna wa maigari cewa ai su suka yi alƙawalin cewa za su sayi dokin kuma da tarbace. Shi kuwa Saraki da Kassu ke yi masa wannan tuni, nan take ya tashi da faɗa yana cewa shi ba da shi za a yi wannan tarbace da Kassu ke magana a kai ba. Mamaki sai ya kama Kassu tattare da boce wa Nomau sakamakon jin abin da Saraki ya ce game da shi Nomau, cewa ba ya raga wa kowa nan ƙauyen. Ana dai iya ganin Kassu a gaban Nomau yana bayyana masa takaicin da ya ji. A ƙarshe dai sai Kassu ya yi rantsuwa cewa ba zai bar ƙauyen Magarya ba sai da dokin nan da aka yi mai alkawali. Su kuma jama’ar ƙauyen Magarya da ke kusa sai suka fara sallallami saboda sun ji rantsuwar kaffara da Kassu ya yi cewa wa lau a ba shi dokin walau ko bala’in aradu ya faɗa masa.

    Za a lura cewa da salon hira da na zayyana da mawaƙin ya bijiro da su cikin waɗannan ɗiya suna jingine ga salon labari da mawaƙin ya buɗe waƙar da shi ne.

    Idan muka waiwayi rubutattun waƙoƙi kuwa waƙar Karuwa ta Malam Mu’azu Haɗeja kyakkyawan misali ne na waƙa-kwaikwaye da ya haɗa waɗannan salailai na hira da zayyana da kuma na labari. Mawaƙin ya fara amfani da salon labari inda shi ne da kansa yake yi wa mai saurare ko karatu magana, ba tare da jiran mai sauraren ya amsa masa ba. A taƙaice dai Mu’azu tamkar malami ne yake yin nasiha ga ɗalibi, ji da yarda ne kurum na ɗalibin:

     

    10. Takan riƙa farfari da ido

    Tana zakwaɗi awa gado

    Nufinta da kai ku zauna gado

    Ta kama jikinka tai sumba

    (Haɗeja, 1980:sh.28)

     

    Lamirin kai ne mawaƙin ya yi amfani da shi don ya gina salon labarin da ya mamaye waƙarsa. Ta haka ne ya matso da mai sauraren waƙarsa kusa da shi sosai. Haka kuma da wannan salon ne ya shigo da salon hira da kuma na zayyana a sauran baitocin waƙar:

     

    16. Kana ɗoki da ka tashi

    Ka nemi kuɗi ka ɗau bashi

    Ka ba ta kuɗin ƙunshi

    Gida ba ka ba su kome ba

     

    17. Da ta yi fushi kana tuba

    Kana ba za ka ƙara ba

    Kana Allah shi kori gaba

    Kure ne ba halina ba

     

    18. Faɗa mini me ya dame ki

    Gama ban so in same ki

    Akwai huzini a fuskarki

    Gama ba zan ji daɗi ba

     

    19. Ta ce ni ba ni son gama

    A sannan za ka fara tsima

    Da lallashi da ban girma

    Idan ba ta ba ka fuska ba

     

    20. Haba hasken idanuna

    Haba masanin asirina

    Tsakanina da ke ki shina

    Tutur ba za mu saɓa ba

     

    21. Ta ce wani ne ya dame ni

    Ya ce wai Wance ta fi ni

    Ina zan sami bai ba ni

    Kaza ba za ni samu ba

     

    22. Gama wai duk manemana

    Giri ne babu mai so na

    Kullum sai yawan magana

    Ba za a ji sun yi kome ba

     

    23. Sukan daman da surutu

    Da ban haushi awa in mutu

    Walau murjanu yaƙutu

    Ba za ka ga sun saya mini ba

    (Haɗeja, 1980:sh.28)

     

    Cikin waɗannan baitoci amfani da salon hira a bayyane yake tsakanin karuwa da mabiɗinta. Haka kuma zuciyar mai saurare ko karatun baitocin take za ta nasarta ganin yadda karuwa ke amfani da muryarta da gaɓoɓin jikinta domin ta motsa zuciyar mabiɗinta har ya kai ga yi mata abin da take bukata. Zuciyar mai sauraren za ta hango shi yana shiga cikin damuwa sakamakon tasirin kalamai da motsin gaɓoɓin wannan mata da yake tsananin ƙauna. Wannan shi ne zayyanar (hoton) da kyamarar zuciyar mai sauraren baitocin Mu’azu ta ɗauka, in ma ba fiye da yadda aka faɗa ba a nan. Haka kuma duk wannan bayani kan fito ne sakamakon fahimtar da manazarcin waƙa-kwaikwayen da Aliyah ta fito mana da shi ne.

    Kammalawa

    Wannan gajerin tsokaci ya yi ƙoƙarin nuna cewa lalle Aliyah Adamu Ahmad ta yi amfani da fagen da ta karanta, wato Tarihin Adabi, ta gano abin da za a iya a kira waƙa-kwaikwaye, zubin waƙa wanda Hausawa suka daɗe da shi a tsawon zamani tun kafin su sadu da baƙin adubban wasu al’ummomi. Haka kuma Aliyah ta bi sahun Shaihin Malami Ɗalhatu Muhammad na leƙawa cikin adabin Hausawa domin share wa Hausawa manazarta fagagen nazarin adabinsu. Share fagen da ta yi shi ne na waƙa-kwaikwaye wanda ta bayyana cewa yana da sigogin zubi da tsari irin na sauran waƙoƙin Hausa da aka sani, da kuma muhimman sigogin salon hira da salon labari da salon zayyana. A ƙarshe wannan bincike na Aliyah manuniya ce ga matasa manazarta mata, har ma da maza cikin manazarta matasan, da cewa har yanzu zaune ba ta ƙare ba ga zurfafa bincike cikin hikimomin da Adabin Hausa ya ƙunsa, ba lalle sai sun gaggauta cewa hikima kaza ta adabi aro ne Hausawa suka yi daga wani baƙon adabi ba.Shi kuma wannan tsokaci ya nuna cewa dangane da amfani da salon labari salon yakan iya mamaye sauran salailan hira da na zayyana da waƙa-kwaikwaye ya ƙunsa.

     

    Manazarta

     

    1.         Aliyah, A. A. (2017), Rupert Moultrie East 1898-1975: Tarihinsa da Sharhi a kan Gudummawarsa ga Adabin Hausa, Kaduna: Whales Adverts Limited.

    2.         Aliyah, A. A. da Yahya, A. B. (2020), Kukan Kurciya cikin Waƙoƙin Korona Biyu, Zaria: ABUPRESS.

    3.          Aliyah, A. A. (2021), “Waƙa-kwaikwaye:Daɗaɗɗen Adabin Hausawa na Auren Waƙa da Wasan kwaikwayo”, cikin kundin Karramawa ga Farfesa Sa’idu Muhammada Gusau na Bayero Uniɓersity, Kano wanda ke kan hanyar fitowa.

    4.         Ɗangambo, A. (2007), Ɗaurayar Gadon Feɗe Waƙa (sabon tsari), Zaria: Amana Publishers ltd.

    5.         Gusau, S. M. (2013), Wasanni Don Yara. Kano:Century Research and Publishing Company.

    6.         Haɗeja, M. (1980), Waƙoƙin Mu’azu Haɗeja, Zariya: Northern Nigerian Publishing Company (NNPC).

    7.         Magaji, A. (2016), Kassu Zurmi da Waƙoƙinsa. Zaria:Spectrum Books Limited.

    8.         Muhammad, Ɗ. (1977), ‘Individual Talent in The Hausa Poetic Tradition: A Study of Aƙilu Aliyu and His Art’, kundin Ph,D. London.

    9.          Muhammad, Ɗ. (1978), Waƙa Bahaushiya”, cikin Studies in Hausa Languages, Literature And Culture I, Kano: Bayero University.

    10.     Muhammad, Ɗ. (1973), “A Vocabulary of Literary Terms In Hausa”, cikin Harsunan Nijeriya III, Kano: Bayero University.

    11.     Muhammad, Ɗ. (1990), Hausa Metalanguage-Ƙamus Na Keɓaɓɓun Kalmomin Hausa, Ibadan: I.U. P. Limited.

    12.     Muhammad, Ɗ. (2006), “Tsakanin Hamada da Hamdala: Waiwayen Gudunmuwar Jami’o’i ga Haɓaka Harshen Hausa” cikin ALGAITA Journal of Current Research in Hausa Studies, Vol. 1 No. 4. Kano: Bayero University.

    13.Radio-Teleɓision Sokoto (RTƁ Sokoto).

    14. Yahya, A.B.(1986) “Tattalin Zaɓen Rubutattun Waƙoƙin Hausa Domin Yara”, in FAIS JOURNAL Of HUMANITIES Vol. 3/ N0.1 (2004), Kano: Jami’ar Bayero University,, shafi na 217 – 232. An gabatar da wannan muƙala a1986 a taron ƙara wa juna sani wanda Hukumar Raya Wallafar Littattafai ta Nijeriya (wato Nigerian Book Deɓelopment Council, NBDC) ta gudanar a Durbar Hotel a Kaduna daga 5 zuwa 8 ga watan Mayu, 1986.

    15.Yahya, A.B (1997), Jigon Nazarin Waƙa, Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

    16.Yahya, A.B (2002), ‘Siffantawa Bazar Mawaƙa: Wani Shaƙo Cikin Nazarin Waƙa’, cikin Studies in Hausa Language, Literature and Culture 5: 220-240, (ed.) Bichi A.Y., Kafin Hausa, A.U. and Yalwa, L.D., Kano: Jami’ar Bayero.

    17.Yahya, A.B, (2004), “Tsattsafin Raha Cikin Waƙoƙin Alƙali Alhaji Haliru Wurno”, maƙalar da aka gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani a Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Sokoto: Jami’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

    18.Yahya, A. B. (2013), ‘Tsattsafi: Wani Ɗigo cikin Gulbin Nazarin Salon Waƙoƙin Hausa’ cikin ƊUNƊAYE: Journal of Hausa Studies ɓol.1:5, Sokoto: Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University.

    19. Yahya, A. B.(2016), Salo Asirin Waƙa (sabon bugu), Sokoto: Guaranty Printers.

     

    YouTubes: https//youtub.be/38Cp7oqZ13M

     

    YouTube, Gargajiya TV Kassu Zurmi5Collections da ƙari kan Magaji, 2016:69



    [1] A shekarar da ta gabatar da wannan muƙala ce Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Najeriya na Jami’ar Jihar Sakkwato a Sakkwato ya nemi hukumar Jami’ar da ta ba shi damar gudanar da gasar waƙa a kan waƙoƙin da suka ƙunshi wannan nau’in waƙa. Jami’ar ta amince da hakan kuma an saka gasar har aka samu waƙoƙi da dama, na baka da rubutattu, aka kuma yi alƙalanci akan su. Sai dai kash! Har yanzu ba a samu gudanar da bukin rera waɗannan waƙoƙi ba saboda wasu dalilai. 

    No comments:

    Post a Comment

    ENGLISH: You are warmly invited to share your comments or ask questions regarding this post or related topics of interest. Your feedback serves as evidence of your appreciation for our hard work and ongoing efforts to sustain this extensive and informative blog. We value your input and engagement.

    HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.