Turken Yabo a Wasu Wakokin Sa’idu Faru Na Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Maccido

Citation: Adamu, H., Abubakar, A. & Gurori, S.A. (2024). Turken Yabo a Wasu Waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru Na Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 307-310. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.041.

Turken Yabo a Wasu Waƙoƙin Sa’idu Faru Na Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo

Daga

Halima Adamu

Department of Hausa Language
Zamfara State College of Arts and Sciences
halimaadamumayana@gmail.com
(+234) 08064115391

Da

Amina Abubakar

Department of Hausa Language
Zamfara State College of Arts and Sciences
Aminaabubakar397075903@gmail.com
(+234) 08039707590

Da

Samira Adamu Gurori

Department of Hausa Language
Zamfara State College of Arts and Sciences
(+234) 08039492770

Tsakure

Waƙar baka fasaha ce wadda take kallon fanni na rayuwar Hausawa ciki kuwa har da yabo wanda yake kashin bayan duk wata waƙar baka ta sarauta. A binciken ilimi, yabo ba sabon abu ba ne a fagen nazari fanni na al’ada da adabi musamman a waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru, saboda irin yadda ya yi amfani da turken yabo cikin waƙoƙinsa domin (kambama) Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo. Haka kuma an tsakuro tubalan ginin yabo a cikin waɗannan maƙoƙi. An ɗora kayan cikin guɗanar da wannan bincike don fito da manufa bisa hanyar dogaro na nasaba da kyauta da kuma kyakkyawan halaye da mawaƙin ya yi wa uban gidansa. Tattaunawa da ziyarar gani da ido da karance-karancen litattafai da muƙalu tare da sauran waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru duk domin kwalliya ta biya. An yi amfani da mazhabar waƙar baka Bahaushiya, wadda Farfesa Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau ya ɗabbaƙa. Binciken ya yi nasarar gano waƙar Saidu Faru ta Muhammadu Macciɗo cike take da yabo ta fuskar addini da kyauta da kyawawan ɗabi’u na asalin gidan Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Gabatarwa

Wannan takarda “Turken Yabo” na ɗaya daga cikin manyan tarukan waƙoƙin sarauta, don haka aka zaɓi a guɗanar da wannan aiki a kansa. Domin samun sauƙin gudanarwa. An raba wannan takarda zuwa kanun batutuwa kamar haka: Gabatarwa da taƙaitaccen tarihin makaɗa Sa’du Faru da takaitaccen tarihin Sarkin Kudu Muhammad Macciɗo, da ma’anar turken yabo da nau’o’ insa da kuma misalan yabo a cikin wasu waƙoƙi Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo, sai sakamakon bincike da kammalawa da manazarta da kuma rataye.

Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru

Gusau, (1988) ya bayyaa cewa, an haifi Sa’idu a garin Faru cikin ƙasar Maradun, Ƙaramar Hukumar Maradun da ke Jihar Zamfara ta yanzu a cikin shekarar 1932. An yi wa Sa’idu laƙabi da “Ɗan’umma” wanda matar ƙanin mahaifinsa ta sanya masa saboda kiran ta da yake yi da “Umma”. A wasu wurare ma cikin waƙoƙinsa yakan ambaci kansa da wannan laƙabi misali:

Ɗan’umma Rungumi,

Ɗantumba Rungumi.

 

Wani wuri kuma yakan ce:

 

Sa’idu malamin waƙa.

 

Sunan mahaifin Sa’idu Faru shi ne, makaɗa Abubakar Kusu ɗan Abdullahi. Shi kuwa makaɗa Abdullahi, Alu makaɗin kurya ne ya haife shi. Amma mahaifyarsa mutumiyar Banga ta ƙasar Ƙaura Namoda ce, kuma a can ne Sa’idu Faru ya tashi har ya girma.Yawancin ƙuruciyar Sa’idu ya yi ta ne a garin Banga, amma daga bisani sai ya koma Faru wurin mahaifinsa Abubakar. Sa’idu bai samu dammar yin karatun allo mai zurfi ba. Haka ma bai yi karatun boko ba. Tun yana yaro ya shiga sha’anin kiɗa da waƙa kai tsaye. Saidu Faru ya koyi waƙa ne ta hannun mahaifinsa makaɗa Abubakar. Waƙoƙinsa suka daɗa kyautatuwa ta hanyar fasaha da hikima tare da ƙwarewar da Allah ya ba shi. Tun yana ɗan shekara 10 aka soma zuwa yawace – yawacen kiɗa tare da shi. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Sa’idu Faru ya ɗauki gabatar kiɗa da waƙa a giɗansu.

Wanda ya fara yi wa waƙa shi ne, tsohon Sarkin Yamman Faru Ibrahim. Daganan sai Sa’idu ya ci gaba da yi wa sarakuna da ‘ya’yansu waƙoƙi har zuwa lokacin da ya sadu da Sarkin Kudu Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo ɗan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar na III ya zama uban godansa[1]. Ya fara yi wa Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo waƙoƙi tun a Mafara wato lokacin yana riƙe da muƙamin uban ƙasarta. Daga cikin waƙoƙin da ya yi masa a Mafara akwai wannan:

Gindin waƙar: Kana shire baban ‘yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

 

Takaitaccen Tarihin Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo

 

An haifi Muhammadu Macciɗo 20 ga Afrilu, 1928 a Ƙaramar Hukumar Ɗange-shuni ta yanzu a Jihar Sakkwato, Nijeriya. Ya yi karatun Islama da na boko, kuma ya riƙe muƙaman aikin gwamnati da dama. Dangane da sarauta, ya yi Ciroman Sakkwato a 1952, daga bisani ya zama Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Hakimin Talatar Mafara a 1953. A wancan lokacin ne suka haɗu da Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru kuma ya zama makaɗinsa. A 1996 ne aka naɗa Macciɗo a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Ya rasu a shekarar 2006 sanadiyar haɗarin jirgin sama na kamfanin ADC ƙirar boin 373.

 

Yabo na daga cikin manyan turakun da makaɗan baka suka fi yawaita yin waƙoƙi a kansa. Kunsan shi ne ma fitaccen turken waƙoƙin baka na Hausa Domin mafi yawan waƙoƙin manufofinsu sukan zamanto yabon waɗanda ake yi wa su ne. Yabo shi ne ambaton kalmomin sambarka da nufin nuna amincewa da hali ko wani abin da mutum ya yi nagari. Ko kuma a iya cewa, yabo wani lafazi ne da ake yi ga wani mutum domin a nuna halayensa da siffofinsa kyawawa da cewa abin so ne kuma abin ƙauna ne. Akan gina turken yabo ne ta amfani da tubalai waɗanda suka haɗa da addini da asali ko nasaba da kyauta ko karimci ko baiwa da iya mulki (ga Sarakuna) da jaruntakar yaƙi da hali da ɗabi’a da kurari da roƙo da habaici da zambo ga wani, (Gusau, 2009:376).

 

Ire-Iren Yabo

 

Waƙoƙin yabo na baka nau’i biyu ne, akwai waƙoƙin yabo ba duniye wanda ya ɗanganci sha’anin duniya kamar yabon Sarakuna da sauran masu riƙe da sarautun gargajiya. Misalin yabo ba duniye a cikin waƙar Sarkin Kudu ta “kana shire baban ‘yan ruwa ɗan waƙa na a shirin da bakwai.

 

Mu’azu: Laifin Yaro shi yi ƙiuya,

Laifin babba shi yi rowa,

Ina ƙaunar ka Muhammadu.

 

Sannan akwai yabon waɗanda suka shafi sha’anin addini, kamar waƙoƙin da aka yi waɗanda suka ɗanganci yabon Ubangiji ko Annabawa ko Sahabbai ko Waliyyai ko sauran Malamai. Misalin waƙoƙin yabo zalla su ne misalin yabo na Addini cikin waƙar Sarkin Kudu ta makaɗa Saidu Faru ɗan waƙa da ashirin da uku.

 

Mu’azu: Na gane salon tsuntsaye,

‘Y/Amshi: Masu kan tsai da sallah dun na sani.

Jagora: Ɗan gamraka bubukuwa,

Amshi: Da tankarki ko kunkumi waɗanda sallah kullum sukai.

Jagora: Ɗan bilbila do hazbiya,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗanda Sallah Kullum sukai.

Jagora: Ɗan kaza yarmoli da shamuwa,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗannan sallah kullum sukai,

Jagora: Jemage ba a zuwa Hajji,

‘Y/Amshi: In bilangi ɗaudar tai mai yawa.

 

Yabo a Cikin Wasu Waƙoƙinsa

A cikin waƙar kana shire babban ‘Yan ruwa ɗan waƙa na uku inda yake cewa:

“Ɗan Sardauna jikan Hassan”

Har zuwa ƙarshe wanda yake nuna nasabarsa da gidan Sardauna ɗan waƙa na biyar in da yake cewa:

Ɗan giwa kome taddaɗe,

Na tabbata yin giwa take.

 

A nan yana nuna yadda Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo ya yi gadon alheri ga Mahaifinsa kuma ya ɗauko halayen mahaifin.

A ɗan waƙa na bakwai in da yake cewa

Mamman jikan Attahiru,

Baba na Sidi maman gwarzon Cika.

 

A nan yana yabon sa inda ya nuna yadda ya yi gadon arziki shi ɗin ɗan masu arziki ne. A ɗan waƙa na tare in da yake cewa:

Jagora: Baban gandon gabas raba kaya,

‘Yan amshi: In ga na shamaki mai hana noma.

 

Wannan yana nuna yadda yake yabon Sarkin Kudu da yawan alherin shi ga mutane da yadda yake rabon hatsi da sutura da kuɗi ga al’umma. Haka kuma a ɗan waƙa na sha ukku ya yabi Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo in da yake cewa:

Wada duk aka gadon kasura,

Wada duk aka gadon daukaka,

Wada duk aka gadon ci gaba,

Mamman kagaji Abubakar,

Koda sayen halin nan akai,

Baba halin da ka kai kuɗi shikai.

 

Haka kuma a cikin ɗan waƙa na tara inda makaɗa Saidu Faru yake cewa:

Ni ce suda waƙa akai,

Tacce lallai waƙa nikai,

Waƙan Mamman Sarkin Kudu,

Waƙar nan da Ɗan’umma ya mashi.

A wannan ɗan waƙar makaɗa Saidu Faru ya nuna yadda shaharar Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo ta ke har tsuntsaye suna yabon sa.

A ɗan waƙa na ishirin inda ya nuna burtu in ya yi yabon Sarkin Kudu to ranar in ya fita kiwo zai samo abinci sai ya rage misali:

Sai ni ishe burta na kiyo,

Shina ta waƙar Sarkin Kudu,

Ala sabbinani ɗan Amadu,

Allah shi ƙara mai nasara,

Nicce burtu waƙa akai,

Yac ce lalle waƙa nikai,

Waƙar Mamman Sarkin Kudu,

In na yi ta zani wurin kiwo,

In na zo abinci sai na rage.

(Gusau, 2008:152).

 

Waƙar Bajimin Giɗan Bello

Bajimin giɗan Bello Mamman Nayari Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo ci maraya, nan ma makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yabi Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo da irin halin girma da haƙurinsa. A ɗan waƙa na ɗaya inda yake cewa:

Toron giwa Uban Bello Mado,

Ɗan Hausa ba mai irin Hanƙurinai.

(Gusau, 2008: 159).

 

Haka kuma a ɗan waƙa na uku ya yabi Muhammadu Macciɗo inda ya nuna yadda ya gaji ilimi da Addini da nasaba sosai, inda yake cewa:

Da kyauta da ilimi da neman dalili,

Da godewa Allah da istingifari,

Da su Bello da Shehu ya tsarma kowa,

Ka kai kamab Bello ka gadi Moyi.

 

Haka kuma a ɗan waƙa na huɗu nan ma ya nuna yadda har yana kwatanta shi da Larabawan Masar inda yake cewa:

Jagora: Don ba a cewa mutum ba kamatai,

‘Yan amshi: Sai Larabawan Masar masu girma.

 

Sakamakon Bincike

Kamar dai yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takarda, makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya nuna shi turkakken makaɗin fada ne na Muhammadu Macciɗo. Domin waƙoƙinsa cike suke da kalmomin yabo da alasambarka zuwa ga Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo. Ya yabe shi ta fuskar addini, musamman ma saboda kasancewarsa ɗan giɗan Mujaddadi Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo. Haka kuma ya yabe shi da kyawawan halaye ko ɗabi’u da kyauta da iya mulki da kyakyawar zamantakewa da jama’arsa.

Kammalawa

Wannan takarda inda a ciki aka yi tsokaci a kan turken yabo a cikin wasu waƙoƙin Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo na makaɗa Sa’idu Faru. Takardar dai ta nazarci wasu daga waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa’idu Faru inda aka fito da yabo a cikin wasu waƙoƙin da aka nazarta.

Manazarta

Adamu, A. da Gwadabe, M.M (2005). Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III the 19^th Sultan of Sokoto, the Bridge Builder. Kaduna: Amana Publishing Ltd.

Britannica, (2006). Muhammadu Macciɗo Sultan of Sokoto Nigeria, An ciro a shekarar 2017, dagashafin https://www.britannica.com/biography/muhamadduMacciɗo.

Gusau, M. (1996). Makaɗa Da Mawaƙa. Kano: Century Research and Publishing Ltd.

Gusau S.M (2008). Waƙoƙin Baka A Ƙasar Hausa: Yanaye Yanayensu da Sigoginsu. Kano: Benchmark Publishing Ltd.

Gusau S.M (2009). Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka. Kano: Century Research and Publishing Limited.

Gusau, S.M (2014). Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya. Inaugural Lecture At Musa Abdullahi Auditorium New Complex BUK Monday, May 26, 2014.

Gusau, S.M, (2003). Jagoran Nazarin Waƙar Baka. Kano: Benchmark Publishers Limited.

Ɗangambo, A. (2011). Rabe-Raben Adabin Hausa (Sabon Tsari) Kano: K.D.G Publishers.

Yaro, Y.I. (1998). Jagoran Nazarin Hausa Zaria: Northern Nigerian Publishing Company.

 

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[1] Tattaunawa da Hon. Ibrahim Muhammad Brnin Magaji Ɗanmadamin Birnin Magaji a zauren makaɗa da mawaƙan na watsaf wanda yake shugabanta kuma ake aikawa da tambayoyi dangane da makaɗa da mawaƙa domin bayar da amsa.

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