Citation: Alhassan, J. & Kurawa, H.M. (2024). Awon Baka: Nazarin Karin Murya a Waƙar Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo ta Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 368-374. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.052.
Awon Baka: Nazarin Karin Murya a Waƙar Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo ta Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru
Jamilu Alhassan
PhD Hausa Student,
BUK
07035849121
jamilung2016@gmail.com
Da
Halima Mansur
Kurawa
Fedaral University Gusau, Zamfara State.
08069611163
hmkurawa72@gmail.com
Tsakure
Awon baka wani reshe ne na nazarin waƙoƙin baka. Wannan fagen nazari ya shafi yadda makaɗi yake shirya waƙa a cikin zubin ɗiya da dabarun karin murya. A ɓangaren ana duba zubin layuka da
yawan ɗiyan waƙa da tsarin rerawa da karin murya
da amsa-amon kari da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi awon baka. (Gusau, 2003, sh.
32). Don haka, wannan aiki kacokan ɗinsa an ɗora shi ne a kan ra’in waƙar baka Bahaushiya, wanda Gusau
(2003) ya samar. Takardar ta duba karin murya ne a waƙar Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo ta Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru. Kamar yadda aka
sani, karin murya ya ƙunshi amsa-amon kari da gidan dara
na kari, waɗanda suke wani ɓangare ne na awon baka. A taƙaice dai, a takardar an kawo Taƙaitaccen
tarihin makaɗa Sa’idu faru da ma’anar waƙar baka da ma’anar awon baka da ma’anar karin murya da ma’anar amsa-amon
kari da kuma ma’anar gidan dara na kari. Sannan aka nazarci amsa-amon kari da
gidan dara na kari a waƙar. An yi amfani da dabarar
sauraro da karance-karancen littattafai da mujallu da muƙalu da kuma kundayen bincike wajen tattaro bayanan gudanar da wannan
takarda. Daga ƙarshe ana fatan wannan bincike zai
fito da bayanin yadda makaɗin yake sarrafa muryarsa wajen ƙulla waƙoƙinsa.
Keɓaɓɓun Kalmomi: Awon
Baka, Kari, Rauji
1.0
Gabatarwa
Kamar yadda muka sani, Awon baka wani reshe ne na nazarin waƙoƙin baka. Masana da
suka kai gwauro suka kai mari wajen ƙoƙarin yi wa wannan
fage gata, sun yi aikace-aikace da dama, daga cikin waɗannan masana da suka yi wannan namijin ƙoƙari akwai: Gusau
(1995) da (2003) da (2011) da Muhammad (1973) da Schuh
(1988) da Zulyadaini (2003) da Dunfawa (2003) da sauransu. Wannan aiki kacokan ɗinsa an ɗora shi ne a kan ra’in waƙar baka Bahaushiya, wadda Gusau (2003) ya samar. Don haka, takardar ta duba karin
murya ne a waƙar Sarkin Kudu
Macciɗo ta Makaɗi Sa’idu Faru. Karin
murya ya ƙunshi amsa-amon
kari da gidan dara na kari, waɗanda suke wani ɓangare ne na awon baka. A taƙaice dai, a takardar an kawo ma’anar waƙar baka da ta awon baka da ta karin
murya da ta amsa-amon kari da ta gidan dara na kari. Sannan aka nazarci amsa-amon
kari da gidan dara na kari a waƙar Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo wadda Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi.
1.1 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Sa’idu Faru
An haifi makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru a garin Faru cikin ƙasar Maradun, ƙaramar Hukumar Talatar Mafara, a jihar Zamfara, a wajejen shekara ta 1932. Ana kuma yi masa laƙabi da ‘Ɗan Umma’ wanda matar ƙanen ubansa ta sanya masa, saboda ba ya faɗin sunanta,
sai dai yana kiran ta Umma. Shi ya sa ita kuma ta dinga kiran sa Ɗan umma. Amma wannan laƙabi bai
shahara a tsakanin mutane ba, balle ya danne sunansa na yanka watau, Sa’idu. Shi kansa Sa’idu Faru yakan yi wa
kansa kirari yana cewa:
Ɗan Umma Rungumi,
Ɗan Tunba Rungumi
Sunan mahaifin Sa’idu Faru shi ne
makaɗa Abubakar ɗan Abdu, shi kuwa makaɗa Abdu, Alu mai Kurya ya haife
shi. Ashe ke nan Sa’idu Farushi ne ɗan Abubakar ɗan Abdu da alu
mai Kurya.
Gadon Kiɗa:
Sai’idu Faru kamar sauran makaɗan Fada ya
yi gadon kiɗa ta wajen mahaifinsa. Kakansa makaɗa Alu makaɗin Kurya ta kiɗin yaƙi ne wadda ake yi wa kirari da “Kurya gangar mutuwa.” Makaɗa Sa’idu
Faru yana da fasaha da naƙaltar harshen da yake waƙa da shi, kuma ya iya zubin waƙa yadda za
ta yi kyau da ma’ana. Fahimtarsa ga waƙa shi ya sa
yake kiran kansa da malamin waƙa. Dangane da
yawan waƙoƙin da Sa’idu
Faru ya yi shi kansa ba zai iya ƙididdige yawansu ba, sai dai
ya nuna cewa tun sa’ar da ya fara waƙa, bai taɓa komawa cikin wata ba, kuma
bai ɗauki waƙar
mahaifinsa ya sake maimaita ta ba. Sa’idu Faru yana cewa:
´Ni kam ba
ni iya faɗa maka yawan
waƙoƙin da na yi
domin na yi waƙoƙi da yawa
nawa na kaina. Tun ranar da na fara tawa ta kaina
nike ƙagawa ban yi ta mahaifina ba. Ka
san mutum yana iya ɗaukar waƙar babansa ya yi, amma ni tun ran
da na tashi ban yi waƙar babana ba, tawa nike yi wadda
na ƙaga da kaina kuma na yi su da yawa. Saboda haka
yana da wuya in ce ga yawan waƙoƙina, sai dai
wadda ka ji kawai.’ (Gusau, 1996, sh.122)
2.0 Ma’anar Waƙa
Masana da dama sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu, dangane da mece
ce waƙa, alal misali; Gusau (2003) da (2011)
da (2002) da (1995) da Zulyadaini (2000, 2003) da Ɗangambo (2007) da Mukhtar (2005) da Sarɓi (2007) da Abdul-ƙadeer (2015) da sauransu. Idan muka lura da bayanan da waɗannan masana suka
bayar dangane da waƙa, za mu ga ba su fita daga da’irar
cewa, waƙa magana ce ta hikima da ake shiryawa
cikin gunduwa-gunduwar layuka a rera ta da tattausar murya.
2.1
Awon baka
Shi wannan fagen nazari ya shafi yadda makaɗi yake shirya waƙa a cikin zubin ɗiya da
dabarun karin murya. A ɓangaren ana duba zubin layuka da yawan ɗiyan waƙa
da tsarin rerawa da karin murya da amsa-amon kari da sauran abubuwan da suka
shafi awon baka. (Gusau,
2003, sh. 32).
Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, ita
wannan takarda ta fi mayar da hankali ne a kan abin da ya shafi karin murya,
kasancewar sa wani muhimmin rukuni daga cikin rukunan awon baka. Don haka, za a
nazarci amsa-amon kari da gidan dara na kari a aikin, tare da kawo misalai ƙwarara daga cikin wannan waƙa ta Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo, wadda Sa’idu Faru ya ƙulla.
2.2
Karin Murya a Waƙar Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo ta Sa’idu Faru
Makaɗan baka na Hausa suna amfani da hawa da saukar
murya da faɗuwarta su daidaita karin murya ko tsayin saɗara a ɗiyan waƙoƙinsu. Karin murya wato furta ƙwayoyin sauti na da matuƙar tasiri a tsarin waƙoƙin baka. Ta fuskar
karin waƙoƙin baka an fi jan gaɓa mai
nauyi ko a kaurara ta kan gaɓa maras nauyi wato
gaɓa mai sauƙi.
Kuma kamar yadda wasu masu nazari suke tabbatarwa, bisa yawanci ƙafafuwa masu ƙarfi suna faɗuwa ne daidai inda
akan ƙarfafa kiɗa (Schuh, 2002, sh, 156-159), a cikin (Gusau 2003, sh. 48).
Nauyin gaɓa shi ne harsashi na farko wanda ake ɗora karin waƙar baka
ta Hausa a kansa. Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, gaɓa nau’i biyu ce: Gaɓa mai
sauƙi wato (gajeriya) wadda ta haɗa da baƙi
da wasali maras ja (BW) da za a iya nunawa da wata alama kamar [`] ko [ ̌]. Sai kuma gaɓa mai
nauyi wadda za ta ƙunshi baƙi da tagwayen wasula ko dogon wasali
wato wasali mai ja (BWW) ko kuma ta haɗa baƙi da wasali da baƙi, rufaffiyar gaɓa kenan, (BWW). Za a iya wakiltar gaɓa mai nauyi wato doguwa da alama kamar haka [‐] ko [ʹ].
A zubi na waƙoƙin baka ba a daidaita ƙwayoyin sauti (haruffa) a gaɓar
ƙarshen kalmomi na saɗarorinsu wato dai karin waƙoƙin ya tafi bai ɗaya tsakanin tsarin sauti da tsarin rerawa, domin haka, dole
a sami daidaito dangane da karin sauti. A ƙarƙashin karin murya
ana duba amsa-amon kari da kuma gidan dara na kari.
2.2.1
Amsa-Amon Kari
Bello, A. (2021, sh.17) ya ce: Kari na nufin
‘tsarin bugun sautin waƙa’.
Kari (karin murya) a waƙar Baka shi ne yake nuna yadda aka tsara gaɓoɓin muryoyi ta
yadda za su ba da wani tsari na hawa da sauka da faɗuwar murya da zai
iya shan bamban gwargwadon yadda aka harhaɗa gaɓoɓi na muryoyin.
(Gusau, 2008, sh.455).
Amma dangane da karin sauti na harshe, (Sani, 2005, sh. 51)
ya bayyana karin sauti da “kaifin sauti ne na murya da ake faɗar kowace gaɓa ta kalma bisa ƙa’ida don a isar wa
mai sauraro ma’anar wannan kalma ta sosai da sosai. Kowace gaɓa don haka tana da
irin nata kaifin muryar ko karin sauti.” Ire-iren karin sauti a Hausa iri uku
ne, ga su tare da alamomin da ake amfani don nuna su:
1. Karin sautin
sama (/)
2. Karin sautin ƙasa(\)
3. Karin sauti faɗau (ᴧ)
Amsa-amon kari shi ne daidaituwar kari
inda zai iya zamantowa bai ɗaya a gaɓoɓin ƙarshe wato madirar sauti na ƙarshe a saɗarun ɗan waƙa. Amsa-amon
kari yana daidaita hawa da saukar murya a saɗaru,
su tafi a jere bisa ƙa’ida. Gusau
(2003, sh. 49-50). Irin wannan shi ne Sa’id (2016, sh. 34-35) ya kira da
amsa-amon sauti. A tasa fahimtar, amsa-amon sauti shi ne a dinga maimaita wani
sauti ko sautuka iri ɗaya a ƙarshen kowane ɗango ko kuma baiti. Abba da Zulyadaini (2000, sh. 103-104)
suna cewa, wannan amsa-amon ya shafi karin sauti ne. Yana nufin samun karin
sauti iri ɗaya a jikin kalmomin ƙarshe na baiti. Akwai wasu alamu waɗanda ake amfani da su wajen fitar da kari a waƙa. Su ne kuwa:
[S] --- alama ce
wadda take nuna ‘kari’ mai sauka ƙasa;
[H] --- alama ce wadda take nuna ‘kari’ mai hawa sama;
[F] --- alama ce
wadda take nuna ‘kari’ mai faɗuwa.
Don haka za a iya
la’akari da waɗannan alamu a madirar sauti (wato faɗuwar murya a a
layuka) na gaɓar
ƙarshe a kalmomin ƙarshe na saɗaru a ɗan waƙa, inda madirar sauti za ta tafi bai ɗaya ba tare da
sauyawa ba. Idan waƙa ta ɗauki ɗayan waɗannan karuruwan sauti zai zama iri ɗaya a wannan waƙa tun daga saɗarar
farko har zuwa ga ta ƙarshe na ɗiyan waƙar.
Sannan kuma za a iya kiran karin waƙar da cewa mai sauka ƙasa ne ko mai hawa sama ko kuma mai faɗuwa. Wannan kuwa ya danganta ne ga abin da ya bayyana na
nau’in kari a waƙa. Gusau (2003, sh. 49).
A wannan waƙa
ta Sarkin Kudu, an gano Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya ƙulla ta ne da amsa-amon kari mai Sauka ƙasa da mai hawa sama [SH], sai dai an ɗan samu wata saɗara mai
hawa sama duka biyun, [HH]. Duba wannan misali:
Gindin Waƙa: Kana
shirye Baban ‘Yanruwaa,[SH]
Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyoo.[SH]
J: Gardaye zo ka yi man iso[SH]
‘Y/A: Faɗa
mishi murna niz zaka[SH]
: Ɗan Sardauna jikan Hassan[HH]
: Babban ɗa
ga Baura Sarkin Kudu [SH]
J: Mai
raba kaya uban sarkin zagi, [SH]
Ƙi fasawa Mamman ɗan Amadu. [SH]
J: Shi ad da halin ga na Bubakar, [SH]
Bada doki garai ba komai ba na. [SH]
J: Shi ad da halin ga na Bubakar,[SH]
Bada moto garai ba komai ba na. [SH]
Macciɗo
roƙon mota naz zaka,[SH]
Kai bari na ci iyakar gargare,[SH]
Mai roƙon doki don sukuwa,[SH]
In an bashi mota karɓa yakai[SH]
Mai roƙon riga kwakwata,[SH]
In an ba shi shabka amsa shi kai [SH]
Mai roƙon riga ‘yar Bida, [SH]
In an ba shi kore amsa shi kai.[SH]
2.2.2
Gidan Dara na Kari
Gusau (2003, sh. 51) ya nuna cewa akwai wata hanya ta ayyana
karin waƙar baka ta amfani
da gidan dara na kari da kuma guraban kari. Gidan dara na kari wata hanya ce ta fitar da karin waƙa ta hanyar dogara a kan gaɓoɓi masu nauyi da
kuma gaɓoɓi masu sauƙi, inda gaɓoɓi masu nauyi sukan
ruɓanya gaɓoɓi masu sauƙi a wajen kaurarawa. Hanya ce kuma
wadda take fitar da kari a saɗaru na ɗiyan waƙa ta bin gurabun kari da kuma gidan dara. Sannan kuma ƙarfin gurbi yakan danganta ne ga yawan ginshiƙin da ya ƙunsa. Gusau, (2008,
sh.458). Haka kuma Gusau,2003,sh.51 ya ce ginshiƙi shi ne gaɓa ɗaya na murya da za a iya wakilta da alama ta [x]. Don haka ginshiƙi shi ne ruhin da ake amfani da shi wajen fitar da tsarin
gidan dara na kari a waƙar baka ta Hausa, wanda yake ƙarin haske ta yadda za a fitar da yadda gaɓoɓi suka kasance. Wannan hanya ta amfani da gidan dara na kari da guraben kari, tana duba kari ne ta bin hawa da saukar murya a guraban
kari da ginshiƙai. A wajen
tantance wannan hanya za a yi la’akari da waɗannan
abubuwa:
Ginshiƙi: Shi ne gaɓa ɗaya na murya da za a iya wakilta da alama kamar haka [x].
Gurbin Kari: wuri ne da yake ɗaukar
ginshiƙi ɗaya ko biyu, kuma ana tantance gurbin kari daga
gaɓoɓin da aka yi amfani da su.
Idan gaɓa mai nauyi ce
tana a matsayin gishiƙai guda biyu, amma
a gurbi ɗaya. Misali: [xx].
Idan kuwa gaɓa maras nauyi ce
wato gaɓa mai sauƙi
tana a matsayin ginshiƙi ɗaya, amma irin ta guda biyu ne za su haɗu su yi gurbi ɗaya.
Misali [x] + [x] = [xx].
Ciko: Shi ne ƙunshiyar gurbi wanda zai iya zama gaɓa ɗaya mai nauyi ko gaɓoɓi biyu marasa nauyi.
Yawanci, waƙoƙin baka sukan hau
gidan dara na kari, sai dai dole ne a waƙa ɗaya a sami yawan guraban karin su tafi bai ɗaya a dukkanin adadin saɗarunta.
Idan aka sami sun saɓa kuma, akan ƙaddara faruwar illar ƙari ko ragi a gurabun kari. Ashe ke nan, waƙa takan ƙunshi
gidan dara na kari gwargwadon yawan ginshiƙai da gurabu. A wannan nazari an gano akwai saɗarun waƙoƙi masu gurabu mabambanta da suka kama
daga 7-11. Waƙar baka takan zama doguwa ko gajeriya
ko matsakaiciya gwargwadon dai yawan gurabun karin da ta ƙunsa. Kuma daga nan za a iya ayyana matsayin
waƙa a nuna gidan dara na karin da ta hau kansa
wato dogo ko gajere ko kuma matsakaici. (Gusau 2003, sh. 51-52).
Duba wannan misali na ƙasa:
J: Waa/ƙag/
ga da/ niy/ maka/ Mam/madu
xx /xx / xx /xx / xx /xx /xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7
‘Y/A: Naa/ji/ daa/ɗin/ta/
Mam/man /Sar/kin /Ku/duu,
xx /x/ xx /xx / x / xx / xx /
xx / xx / x /xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
g8
g9
g10 g11
J: Tun/ dak/ Ka bi/ hak/ Ka/noo/ ham /Ma/sar,
xx / xx / x x / xx / x/ xx / xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3
g4
g5 g6 g7 g8 g9
: Hab /bir/nin /Lee/gas/ hab/ Bi/chii,
xx / xx /xx / xx / xx / xx / x / xx
g1
g2
g3 g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
‘Y/A: Koo/waa/ yaa/ji /waa/ƙar/ Sar/kin/ Ku/duu.
xx /xx / xx /x/ xx /
xx / xx / xx /x /xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6 g7 g8 g9
g10
J: Nii/koo/ daa/ɗin/ta/ da /nij
/ji/ yaa,
xx / xx
/xx /xx /x / x /xx / x /
xx
g1
g2
g3
g4 g5
g6 g7
g8 g9
: Can /dau/ri za/man /daa/jii/mu /kai,
xx / xx /x x / xx
/xx/
x / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4
g5 g6
g7
g8
: Mam/man/yaɗ/ɗau/kan /yar /ri/ƙaa,
xx / xx / xx / xx
/xx / xx /x /xx
g1
g2
g3 g4 g5
g6
g7
g8
: Mun /san/man/yan /mu/taa/nee/ƙwa/rai,
xx / xx/ xx / xx / x/ xx/ xx
/ x / xx
g1
g2 g3
g4
g5
g6
g7 g8 g9
: Mun/
san /ƙa/naa/nan /mu/taa/nee/ku/maa,
xx / xx /x / xx/
xx / x / xx/ xx /x / xx
g1 g2
g3
g4 g5 g6 g7
g8 g9 g10
: Mun/
kam/ma/la /duk/ mun /ƙaa/su/raa,
xx / xx / xx /x /xx / xx
/ xx / x/ xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6 g7
g8
g9
: Bar/waa
/mu/shid/daa/ mu/naa
/gu/mee,
xx /xx / xx/ xx / xx / x /xx / x /xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5
g6 g7
g8 g9
: Sar/kin /ma ka/ɗan/mu shi /naa/ga/baa,
xx /xx /
x x /xx / x x /xx / x
/ xx
g1
g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7
g8
: Duk/
koo/wa/nee /taa/shi/ƙaa/waa /da/ban,
xx/ xx / x / xx/
xx/ x/ xx / xx / x /xx
g1 g2 g3 g4
g5
g6
g7 g8 g9
g10
: Yai /tai /ɓaa /yai /ƙaa/ton
/ci /kii,
xx/ xx /xx / xx / xx
/ xx /x /xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
g8
: Ko/wag/gan/shi/zan/nee/ga
/in/nu /waa,
x / xx / xx / x
/ xx / xx / x / xx /x / xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6 g7
g8
g9
g10
‘Y/A: Koo/daa/ma ki/ɗin /sar/kin /Ma/sar,
xx / xx/ x x / xx /
xx/ xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
:Yag/ga Sa/’ii /du /Sai /rai /nai /yai/
ha/kii.
xx / x x / xx / x / xx /xx / xx/ xx/ x / xx
g1
g2 g3
g4
g5 g6
g7 g8 g9
g10
A taƙaice dai ita wannan
waƙa tana da gurabun kari daga 7-9 mafi yawancinta, sai kuma wasu masu gurbin kari 10 -11, wanda wannan illa ce ta ƙari a wasu saɗarun waƙa.
Ƙara duba waɗannan ɗiyoyi na ƙasa, domin samun
wani misali na gurbin kari 8-9, sannan kuma don tabbatar da cewa waƙar tana kan matsakaicin kari:
J: Tun/ran /da /Al /laa /hu /yai/
duu/ni/yaa,
xx / xx / x/
xx/ xx /x /xx/ xx / x / xx
g1
g2
g3 g4 g5 g6
g7 g8 g9 g10
: Nan/ yay /yi mu/tum /mai/ƙoo/ƙa/rii
xx / xx /
x x / xx / xx / xx /x / xx
g1
g2
g3
g4 g5 g6 g7
g8
: Nan/ yay /yi mu/tum /mai /kyaa/woo,
xx /xx / x x / xx/ xx / xx / xx
g1
g2
g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
: Kuma/ yay/yi mu/tum/mum/muu/naa.
x x / xx / x x / xx / xx /xx
/ xx
g1
g2 g3 g4
g5 g6 g7
: Nan /yay /yi mu/tum /mai/ has/kee,
xx / xx
/ x x
/ xx / xx / xx /xx
g1
g2
g3
g4
g5 g6 g7
: Kuma/yay /yi mu/tum/mai /dau/nii.
x x / xx / x x / xx /
xx / xx / xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7
: Nan /yay /yi mu/tum /mai/ saa/muu,
xx / xx
/ x x / xx /
xx /
xx / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
: Kuma /yay/yi mu/tum buu/sas/shee.
x x /xx / x
x / xx / xx / xx / xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7
: Nan /yay/ yi mu/tum /ɗan
/Sar/kii,
xx /xx
/ x x / xx /
xx /xx /xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7
: Kuma /yaa/ aza
/baa/wan
/Sar/kii.
x x / xx /
x x
/ xx / xx /xx / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
: Nan /yay/yi mu/tum /mai /ii /koo,
xx /xx/ x
x / xx /xx /xx/
xx
g1 g2 g3
g4
g5 g6
g7
: Kuma /yaa/aza /mai
/roo/ƙoo/ nai.
x x / xx /x x /xx /xx /xx / xx
g1
g2
g3
g4 g5 g6 g7
‘Y/A: Al/bar/kan /Naa/na U/wad /Da/jee,
xx/xx /xx /xx / x x /xx / x /xx
g1
g2
g3 g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
: Baa/ni/maa/too/Mu/ham/man /Sar/kin /Ku/duu.
xx/ x /xx /xx / x /xx / xx / xx
/xx / x /xx
g1 g2
g3 g4 g5
g6
g7 g8 g9 g10
g11
J: Lai/fin /yaa/roo /shi yi/ ƙyu/yaa,
xx /xx/ xx / xx/ x x / xx/ xx
g1
g2 g3
g4
g5 g6 g7
: Lai /fin /bab /baa /shi yi/ roo/waa,
xx /xx / xx /xx / x x /xx /xx
g1
g2 g3 g4
g5 g6 g7
: I /naa/ƙam/nak / ka Mu/ham/ma/duu,
x /xx /xx / xx / x x /xx /x / xx
g1
g2 g3
g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
: Naa/ tab/ba/taƙ/ƙam/naa /taa/ka/kai,
xx / xx /x / xx / xx / xx /xx/ x / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
g9
: In /kai /niy/yab /baa /mu da/waa/ku/naa,
xx/ xx/
xx / xx / xx / x x / xx
/ x /xx
g1
g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7 g8 g9
: Sab/nan /ba/faa/dee/saa/raa /ya/kai,
xx/ xx / x / xx/xx /
xx /xx /x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7 g8 g9
: Yaa/cee /koo/kaa/baa/ mu da/waa/ku/naa,
xx/ xx / xx / xx/ xx / x x / xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7 g8
g9
‘Y/A: Ran/ da /sal/laa /ka /taa /shii/ƙau/raa/mu/kai.
xx / x / xx / xx /x / xx / xx /xx / xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5
g6
g7 g8 g9
g10 g11
J:Mam/man /har/kaa /tai / yaj /ji /yaa,
xx / xx / xx / xx/ xx / xx /x / xx
g1 g2 g3
g4
g5 g6 g7
g8
: Yac /cee
/kai /koo/ƙar/yaa /ka /kai,
xx / xx /xx /xx / xx /
xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
:Da /Ƙau/raa /da Gu/sau/da Kwa/tar/kwa/shii,
x / xx / xx / x x / xx / x x / xx
/ x / xx
g1 g2
g3
g4 g5
g6 g7 g8 g9
:Ɗan /gul /bi da / Bun /guɗu /ham/Ma/ ruu,
xx / xx / x x / xx / xx / xx / x / xx
g1
g2 g3
g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
‘Y/A: Duk
/ɗai /naa/ ga /Mam/man /Sar/kin /Ku/duu.
xx / xx/ xx / x / xx / xx / xx /xx / x / xx
g1
g2
g3 g4 g5 g6
g7
g8
g9 g10
Ɗan / Dik / ko ya /naa /can / yaj / ji / yaa,
xx / xx
/ x x / xx / xx / xx
/ x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5
g6
g7 g8
Wan / nan /ma ga / naa / taa / tab / ba / taa,
xx / xx
/ x x / xx / xx / xx/ x /xx
g1 g2 g3
g4 g5 g6
g7
g8
Duk / in / da /raa /naa /ka fi / taa / ga /bas,
xx /xx / x / xx / xx / x x /xx / x /xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5
g6 g7
g8 g9
Har / in / da / raa / naa / ta ka/ faa /ɗu / waa,
xx / xx / x / xx / xx /
x x / xx / x / xx
g1
g2 g3
g4 g5 g6 g7
g8 g9
Duk / dai / naa / ga / jii / kan /Ɗan / hoo / di /yoo,
xx / xx
/ xx / x / xx /
xx / xx / xx /
x / xx
g1
g2
g3
g4 g5 g6 g7 g8 g9 g10
Baa / bu wu / rin / da / mul / kii / nai / yat / tsa / yaa.
xx / x x / xx
/ x / xx / xx
/ xx / xx / x / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4 g5 g6
g7
g8
g9 g10
Idan aka duba waɗannan ɗiyan waƙa
na sama, za a ga cewa suna kan matsakaicin kari, domin waƙar tana da gurbin kari da ya fara 7-9, duk da cewa an sami wasu saɗaru da suke da guraban kari 10, wannan kuwa illa ce ta ƙari.
Ga wasu misalan don ƙara tabbatar da cewa waƙar tana kan
matsakaicin kari:
J: Maga / nag / ga da / zaa / ni fa / ɗaa / ma / kaa,
xx /
xx /
x x / xx/
x x / xx / x / xx
g1
g2
g3
g4
g5 g6
g7 g8
: Gaa / ga / rau / ɗan / A / luu / kai / man / gaa /fa / raa.
xx / x /
xx / xx / x / xx
/ xx /
xx /xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6
g7
g8 g9 g10
g11
: Wada / duk / a ka / gaa / don / ƙaa / su / raa,
xx /
xx / x x / xx / xx /
xx / x / xx
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6
g7 g8
: Wada / duk / aka / gaa / don / ɗau / ka / kaa,
xx / xx
/ xx
/ xx / xx / xx / x / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7 g8
: Wada / duk / aka / gaa / don / cii / ga / baa,
xx /xx / xx
/ xx /xx / xx / x / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4
g5 g6 g7 g8
: Mam / man / kaa / gaa / ji A/ buu / ba / kar,
xx /
xx / xx
/ xx / x x / xx / x / xx
g1
g2
g3 g4
g5
g6 g7
g8
: Koo / da sa / yen / haa / lin / ɗaa / a / kai,
xx /
x x
/ xx /xx / xx / xx /
x / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
g8
‘Y/A: Baa/ba/ haa/lin/ da ka/ kai/ kuɗ/ɗii/ shi/ kai.
xx / x / xx /xx /x x /
xx / xx / xx /x / xx
g1
g2 g3 g4 g5 g6 g7
g8 g9 g10
Idan muka yi la’akari da abin da ake
dubawa a wannan ra’i da ya danganci gidan dara na kari, za mu ga cewa wannan waƙa tana kan Matsakaicin kari ne. Waƙar baka kan iya zama doguwa ko matsakaiciya ko gajeriya gwargwadon yawan
gurabun karin da ta ƙunsa. Kuma daga nan ne za a iya ayyana
matsayin waƙa a nuna gidan dara na karin da ta hau
kansa wato dogo ko gajere ko matsakaici. Gusau, (2003, sh.52). Da wannan dalili, mafiya rinjayen guraban
karin wannan waƙa 8-9 ne. Sai
dai illar ƙari da aka samu a wasu ɗiyan waƙa, masu gurbin kari 10-11 a wasu saɗaru.
3.0 Kammalawa
Kamar yadda aka gani, a wannan takarda, an nazarci Waƙar Sarkin
Kudu Macciɗo ta Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru an gano tana kan matsakaicin kari kuma tana da amsa-amon
kari mai Sauka ƙasa da Hawa sama [SH]. Sannan gidan
dara na karinta gurbin kari 8-9 sune suka fi rinjaye ne, amma tana da illar ƙari a wasu wurare. Da wannan za mu ce Sa’idu Faru ya yi ƙoƙari matuƙa gaya wajen ƙulla waƙar, domin
tana ɗauke da abubuwan da ake nazari a awon baka, irin su
amsa-amon kari da gidan dara na kari da sauransu.
Manazarta
1. Abba, M. da Zulyadaini, B. (2000). Nazari Kan Waƙar Baka Ta Hausa. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation
Ltd. Publishers.
2.
Bello, A. (2021). Ƙamus Na Arulin Hausa A Taƙaice. Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press.
3. Bunza, A. M. (2009). Narambaɗa. Ibrash Islamic Publications Centre Limited
4. Dunfawa, A.A (2003). Ma’aunin Waƙa. Sokoto: Garkuwa Publishers
5. Ɗangambo, A.
(2007). Ɗaurayar Gadon Feɗe Waƙa. Zaria: Amana Publishers Ltd.
6. Galadanci, M.K.M (1975). “The poetic
marriage between Arabic and Hausa”, Harsunan
Nijeriya, (pp1-15) BUK, Kano
7. Gusau, S.M. (2003).
Jagoran Nazarin Waƙar Baka. Kano: Benchmark Publishers Limited.
8.
Gusau, S. M. (2008) Waƙoƙin Baka A Ƙasar Hausa.Yanaye-Yanayensu da
Sigoginsu. Kano: Benchmark Publishers Limited.
9. Gusau, S.M. (1996). Makaɗa da Mawaƙan Hausa.Benchmark Publishers Limited
10. Gusau, S. M. (2002). Salihu Jankiɗi Sarkin Taushi. Kaduna, Nigeria: Baraka Press and Publishers
Limited.
11. Gusau, S.M. (2015). Abdu Karen Gusau,
Kano: Century Reseach and Publishing Limited
12. Gusau, S.M. (2011). Tarihin da Hanyar Nazarin
Waƙar Baka Bahaushiya a
13. Taƙaice.Waƙoƙin Baka Na Hausa,
Publishers Department of Hausa, Fedaral College of Education, Katsina. (Edit)
Aliyu Idris Funtua da Sa’idu Muhammad Gusau
14. Junaidu, I. (1981). “Preliminary study of Phonological
Constituents of the Hausa Meter” Harsunan
Nijeria Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University, Kano. Vol.VI pp.
27- 41
15. Ƙamusun Hausa,
(2006). Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayaro, Zaria, Nijeriya. Ahmadu Bello University
press limited.
16. Muhammad, Ɗ. (1973). “Sharhin Hausa Mai Ban Haushi” Harsunan Nijeriya
III (shf 47-66).
17. Mukhtar, I. (2005). Bayanin Rubutattun Waƙoƙin Hausa, Abuja: Countryside
Publishers
18.
Sa’id,
B. (2016). Rubutacciyar Waƙar Hausa
Ma’auninta Da Amsa-amonta Da Ire-irenta Kano: Bayero University
press.
19. Schuh, R.G. (1988).‘ The Meter of Infiraji’Harsunan
Nijeriya CSNL, BUK No., pp. 60-69
20. Zaria, A.B. (1973). “Kamil and Rajaz in
Hausa Prosody”. Kundin digiri naɗaya,
21. Kwalejin Abdullahi Bayero Kano, Jami’ar
Ahmadu Bello Zaria.
22. Zulyadaini, B. (2003). ‘Dialect Mixture
in the Twentieth Century Hausa Poetry: Metrical Approach’. Unpublished Ph.D
Thesis University of Maiduguri.
23. Zulyadaini, B. (2016). Lacca da aka yi a aji, Umar Suleiman College
of education Gashu’a in Affiliation with the University
of Maiduguri.
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