Aron Kalmomin Larabci a Wakar “Kana Shire Baban ‘Yanruwa” Ta Sa'idu Faru

Citation: Adamu, S. & Hadi, H. (2024). Aron Kalmomin Larabci a Waƙar “Kana Shire Baban ‘Yanruwa” Ta Sa'idu Faru. Four Decades of Hausa Royal Songs: Proceedings from the International Conference on the Life and Songs of Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, 3(3), 332-338. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2024.v03i03.046.

Aron Kalmomin Larabci a Waƙar “Kana Shire Baban ‘Yanruwa” Ta Sa'idu Faru

Daga

Sani Adamu

Prince International Schools Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Lambar Waya: 08135366284
Ƙibɗau: Adamusani3536@Gmail.Com 

Da

Hafizu Hadi

Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Lambar Waya :07067899039 

Tsakure

Aron kalmomi ba baƙon al'amari ba ne a al'ummar Hausawa a dalilin samun sauyi lokaci zuwa lokaci. Sau da yawa al'umma kan yi ƙirƙira ko su aro kalmomi daga wasu harsuna domin cikata rumbun kalmominsu. Wannan bincike ya nazarci waƙar Sa'idu Faru mai taken “Kana Shire Baban 'Yanruwa” wadda ya yi wa Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Alh. Muhammadu Macciɗo. Manufa a nan, ita ce fito da kalmomin Larabci waɗanda mawaƙin ya yi amfani da su cikin waƙar, domin bayar da ‘yar gudummuwa a fannin nazarin harshen Hausa. An tattara bayanai ta hanyar sauraren waƙar da nazarin wasu ayyuka masu alaƙa da aikin da kuma tattaunawa da masana da ma'abota sauraren waƙoƙin Sa'idu Faru. An ɗora binciken bisa ra'in hulɗa tsakanin harsuna, na Greenberg (1962). Sakamakon binciken ya gano cewa Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya saƙa kalmomin aro talatin da biyu (32) daga Larabci a cikin ɗiyan waƙa goma sha uku (13) a cikin wannan waƙa. Bugu da ƙari takardar ta ayyana tasirin addinin Musulunci a kan mawaƙan Hausa wanda hakan ya yi tasiri wajen aron kalmomin Larabci a waƙoƙinsu, kuma makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ba a bar shi baya ba a nan.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Aro, Kalmomin Larabci, Waƙar Baka, Sa'idu Faru

1.0 Gabatarwa

Harshe shi ne makamin cuɗanya a kowace al'umma. Da shi ne ake aiwatar fasahohi da al'adu da ɗabi'u da sauransu. Haka harsunan duniya suna mu'amula da juna domin tabbatar da sadarwa mai ɗorewa tsakaninsu, wannan mu'amula na kawo tasiri ga harshe. Wato wani harshe zai aro wani bayani daga wani domin wakiltar wani abu da babu a wancan harshen, (Yakasai, 2005). Wannan ya sa wasu harsuna suka yi tasiri ga harshen Hausa tun ba Larabci ba. Hausawa sun yi aron kalmomi masu yawa daga harshen Larabci sanadiyyar zuwan addinin Musulunci ƙasar Hausa. A kan haka, sau da yawa ake jin amon kalmomin Larabci a bakunan mawaƙan Hausa. Ana samun kalmomin da suka shafi addini da mulki da shari'a da ilmi da kasuwanci, da sauransu. Wannan nazari ya kalli aron kalmomin Larabci a cikin waƙar Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ta Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Muhammadu Macciɗo mai taken "Kana Shire Baban 'Yanruwa" a matsayin wata gudummuwa a fagen nazarin harshen Hausa.

1.1 Dabarun Gudanar da Bincike

A yayin gudanar da wannan bicike, an saurari waƙoƙin makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, musamman waƙar "Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa". Yin hakan ya ba da dama wajen cirato aron kalmomi a waƙar. Bayan wannan, An waiwayi ayyukan da suka gabata domin samun ƙarin haske lokacin gudanar da binciken. Bugu da ƙari, an tattauna da wasu ma'abuta sauraren waƙoƙin Sa'idu Faru, tare da tattaunawa da wani masanin harshen Larabci.

1.3 Ra'in Bincike

An ɗora wannan bincike a kan ra'in hulɗa tsakanin harsuna, na Greenberg (1962). Masana da dama sun yi amfani da wannan ra’i musamman a ɓangaren da ya shafi hulɗa tsakanin harsuna tare da kallon tasirin hulɗar. Manufofin wannan ra'in sun haɗa da:

i.                    Aro na faruwa ne a lokacin da aka samu hulɗa tsakanin harsuna.

ii.                  Aro ya shafi kalmomi da sauran sassan jimloli.

iii.               Harshen da ke yin aro yana yin kwaskwarima.

iv.               Ana yin aro domin cigaba.

Wannan bincike ya dace da wannan ra'i domin an yi nazarin aron kalmomin Larabci a cikin waƙar Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, wanda hulɗa tsakanin Hausawa da Larabawa ta kawo.

1.4 Kadadar Bincike

Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, makaɗin sarauta ne, ya yi wa sarakuna da ‘ya’yansu waƙoƙi mabambanta. Yakan yi aron kalmomi daga wasu harsuna kamar Ingilishi da Larabci da sauransu. Amma wannan nazari ya taƙaita ne a waƙar Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Muhammadu Macciɗo mai taken "Kana Shire Baban ‘Yanruwa".

1.5 Manufar Bincike

Manufar wannan bincike ita ce fito da fasahar Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru, ta amfani da aron kalmomin Larabci domin isar da saƙonni mabambanta a cikin waƙarsa ta "Kana Shire Baban ‘Yanruwa" wadda ya yi wa Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Muhammadu Macciɗo.

1.6 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru

Gusau (1988) ya nuna cewa an haifi Sa'idu a garin Faru cikin ƙasar Maradun, Ƙaramar Hukumar Maradun ta jihar Zamfara ta yanzu a cikin shekarar 1932. An yi wa Sa'idu laƙabi da "Ɗan'umma" wanda matar ƙanen mahaifinsa saboda kiran ta da yake yi da "Umma". A wasu wurare ma cikin waƙoƙinsa yakan ambaci kansa da wannan laƙabi, misali:

Ɗan'umma Rungumi,

Ɗantumba Rungumi.

Wani wuri kuma yakan ce:

Sa'idu malamin waƙa.

Sunan mahaifin Sa'idu Faru shi ne, Makaɗa Abubakar Kusu ɗan Abdullahi. Shi kuwa Makaɗa Abdullahi, Alu makaɗin kurya ne ya haife shi. Amma mahaifyarsa mutumiyar Banga ta ƙasar Ƙauran Namoda ce, kuma a can ne Sa'idu Faru ya tashi har ya girma. Yawancin ƙuruciyar Sa'idu ya yi ta ne a garin Banga, amma daga bisani sai ya koma Faru wurin mahaifinsa Abubakar. Sa'idu bai samu damar yin karatun allo mai zurfi ba, kuma bai yi karatun boko ba. Tun yana yaro ya tasamma sha'anin kiɗa da waƙa kai tsaye.

Sa'idu Faru ya koyi waƙa ne ta hannun mahaifinsa makaɗa Abubakar, waƙoƙonsa suka daɗa kyautatuwa ta hanyar fasaha da hikima tare da ƙwarewar da Allah ya ba shi. Tun yana ɗan shekara (10) aka soma zuwa yawace-yawacen kiɗa tare da shi. Bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Sa'idu Faru ya ɗauki gabatar da kiɗa da waƙa a gidansu. Wanda ya fara yi wa waƙa shi ne, Tsohon Sarkin Yamman Faru Ibrahim. Daga nan sai Sa'idu ya ci gaba da yi wa sarakuna da ‘ya’yansu waƙoƙi har zuwa lokacin da ya sadu da Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗao ɗan Sarkin Musulmi Abubakar III, ya zama ubangidansa. Ya fara yi wa Sarkin Kudu Macciɗo waƙoƙi tun a Mafara wato lokacin yana riƙe da muƙamin Uban ƙasarta. Daga cikin waƙoƙin da ya yi masa a Mafara akwai wannan:

Gindin waƙa: Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

 Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

1.7 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Alh. Muhammadu Macciɗo

An haifi Muhammadu Macciɗo ranar 20 ga Afrilu 1928, a ƙaramar hukumar Dange Shuni ta yanzu a jihar Sakkwato, Nijeriya. Ya yi karatun Islama da na boko, kuma ya riƙe muƙaman aikin gwamnati da dama. Dangane da sarauta, ya yi Ciroman Sakkwato a 1952, daga bisani ya zama Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato, kuma hakimin Talatar Mafara a 1953. A wancan lokacin ne suka haɗu da Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru kuma ya zama makaɗinsa. A 1996 ne aka naɗa Macciɗo a matsayin Sarkin Musulmi. Ya rasu a shekarar 2006 sanadiyar haɗarin jirgin sama na kamfanin ADC ƙirar boeing 737.

2.1 Ma'anar Aron Kalmomi

Masana da dama sun tofa albarkacin bakinsu game da ma'anar aron kalmomi daga ciki akwai:

Hartman & Stock (1972) a cikin Umar da Abbas (2020) sun numna cewa "Aro shi ne ɗauko kalmomi kai tsaye daga wani harshe zuwa wani, ta hanyar fassara ko kwaikwayo. Shi ma Olaoye (1993) cikin Umar da Abbas (2020) cewa ya yi "Aron kalmomi ya ƙunshi ɗauko baƙin kalmomi a shigar da su cikin wani harshe daban. Irin waɗannan kalmomi sukan rikiɗe su ɗauki yanayin harshen gida cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci.

2.2 Dalilin da kan Haifar da Aro

Umar da Abbas (2020) sun bayyana cewa: "Aro tare da sarrafa kalmomin suna samuwa ne da zarar harsuna biyu ko fiye suka yi hulɗa ko cuɗanya da juna, tare da neman kafar sadarwa domin a fahimci juna.

2.3 Dabarun Aro kalmomi

Umar da Abbas (2020) sun nuna cewa, kamar sauran harsunan duniya, Hausa kan yi amfani da dabarun aiwatar da aro daga wani harshe zuwa nata ta hanyoyi kamar haka:

1. Fassara ainihin suna ko aiki ko wata ma'anar baƙon abu a harshen aro.

2. Baddalawa domin a yi wa sababbin abubuwa suna ta hanyar sauya wa kalmomi siga ko kuma a bar su yadda suke a yi amfani da su.

3. Gyara domin kalmar aro ta dace da ilmin furuci ko tsarin tasarifin harshe.

4. Kwaskwarima a tsarin gaɓar kalma, da sauransu.

2.4 Ire-iren Aron Kalmomi

Yakasai (2015) ya kalli aron kalmomi ta fuskoki biyu kamar haka:

i- Cikakken aro (complete adaptation) wanda ake yin amfani da kalmar da aka aro ba tare da ta fuskanci sauye-sauye ba.

ii- Ragaggen aro (partial adaptation) mai nufin yi wa kalmar aro kwaskwarima kafin a yi amfani da ita a harshen aro, wato yi wa kalma ragi ko ƙari wanda zai sa ta dace da tsarin harshen Hausa.

 

A wanin bayanin kuma Yakasai (2023) ya fito da wasu ire-iren aro a harshe Hausa kamar haka:

 

1- Aron jeka-ka-dawo: Irin wannan aro, a wasu lokuta akan samu kalmar da aka aro tun daga farko an sake aro ta zuwa ga tushenta na asali. Misali kalmar budget asali daga tsohon Faransanci aka aro ta, Faransancin ya sake aro ta daga Ingilishi.

2- Aron kai-tsaye: A lamarin aron kai-tsaye harshen "B" ne yake aron sassan harshen "A" kai tsaye, kuma wannan ita ce hanyar aro mafi yawan aukuwa a tsakanin harsuna. Misali harshen Hausa ya aro kalmar "bokiti" daga Ingilishi da ake kiran ta "bucket".

3- Taƙaitaccen aro: A irin wannan aro harshe na rungumar wasu sassa na harshe a wasu lokuta na daban. Haka kuma, baya ga yin aro daga manyan hanyoyi. to ana yin aro ta ƙananan hanyoyi. wato nan take ko sannu-sannu. Ana iya aro nan take daga harsuna a lokacin ƙololuwar are-aren kalmomi sai dai kuma aron a irin wannan yanayi yakan taƙaita. Misali A ƙarni na sha huɗu da na sha biyar Ingilishi ya yi aron kalmomi daga Faransanci da Latinanci.

4- Aron fifiko: Harsuna masu fifiko suna zama wata kafa ta samar da aron kalmomi ga harsuna marasa matsayi da fifiko. Misali a ƙarni na goma sha tara da na ashirin Sinanci ya yi aro mai yawan gaske daga Ingilishi da Japananci.

5- Aro na yau da kullum: Wannan aro ne na maganganu ko lamari ne na yau da kullum. Kuma mutane na da damar yi aro daga kowane harshe ko kuma a yi aro daga wajensu. Haka kuwa yana aukuwa ne ba tare da la'akari da kusanci na al'ada ko na wurin zama ba.

6- Aro na fuska ɗaya: Safir (1921) cikin Yakasai (2023) ya ce "A mafi yawan lokuta, tasirin wannan aro ya fi karkata ta fuska ɗaya. Harshen al'ummar da ake ɗauka a matsayin cibiya ta adana al'ada ya fi tasiri kan sauran harsuna masu maƙwabtaka da su. Misali kalmomin harshen Sinanaci sun shiga cikin harsunan Japananci da na Koriya.

 

3.1 Aron Kalmomin Larabci a Waƙar ‘Kana Shire Baban ‘Yanruwa’

Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi amfani da aron kalmomi a cikin wannan waƙa a cikin ɗiya goma sha uku. A cikin kowane ɗan waƙa akan samu kalmomin Larabci fiye da ɗaya. A jimlace an ci karo da kalmomin larabci 32 a cikin waɗannan ɗiya gaba ɗaya. A nan, an kawo ɗiyan waƙar da mawaƙin ya yi amfani da aron kalmomin Larabci a cikinsu. An fito da kalmomin da kuma bayanin yadda mawaƙin ya sakaɗa waɗannan tarin kalmomin Larabci a cikin waƙar:

3.1.1 Ɗa na Farko

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi biyu na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Gandaye zo kai man iso,

Faɗa mishi murna niz zaka,

Ɗan Sardauna jikan Hassan.

‘Y/Amshi: Babban ɗa ga Baura sarkin kudu,

Na alƙali babban zagi,

Mai ja ma ya bari ɗan'adam,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa kalmomin Larabci biyu sun fito kamar haka: (1) Hassan/ حسن: Balarabiyar ma'ana tana nufin abu mai kyau. Amma malamin waƙa ya yi amfani da kalmar a matsayin suna daga cikin nasabar Sarkin Kudu Muhammadu Macciɗo. (2) Alƙali/القاضى A harshen Larabci kalmar tana nufin mai hukunci, wato kalmar ta samo asali ne daga kalmar hukunci (alƙadwa'u). A nan, makaɗa Sa'idu ya yi amfani da kalmar domin danganta Macciɗo da matsayin alƙali wato mai yanke hukunci a masarauta.

3.1.2 Ɗa na Uku

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi uku na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Alhamdu lillahi dukkan nuhi,

‘Y/Amshi: Rabbil alamina ni nau nuhi,

Jagora: Ka san kiɗa na karatu ba ne,

Y/Amshi: Ballantana mui istigifari in mu gama,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa akwai aron kalmomin Larabci guda uku, wato: (1) Alhamdu lillahi/الحمد لله Sarƙaƙƙiyar kalma ce, a Larabci tana nufin godiya ta tabbata ga Allah, haka Bahaushe ya aro ta kaitsaye ba tare da wata kwaskwarima ba. Haka shi ma malamin waƙa ya yi amfani da kalmar don bayyana godiya ga Allah. (2) Rabbil Alamina/ رب العا لمينA Balarabiyar ma'ana tana nufin ubangijin bayi. A Hausance ma ma'anar guda ce ta nufin Ubangijin bayi. (3) Istigifari/استغفار Tuba daga aikata wani laifi da mutum ya yi wa Allah. Makaɗa Sa'idu ya yi amfani da kalmar don nuna cewa kiɗa ba karatu ba ne balle in sun yi kuskure su tuba. Don haka malamin waƙa ya yi amfani da kalmar ne don ayyana neman yafiya da ita.

3.1.3 Ɗa na Huɗu

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalma ɗaya ta Larabci kamar yadda ya zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Alhaji Baba Muhammadu Macciɗo,

‘Y/Amshi: Baba barka da hayewa maliya,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

A wannan ɗan waƙa makaɗa Sa'idu ya yi amfani da kalmar Alhaji/الحاجasalinta kalmar Larabci ce, tana nufin bako ko mai ziyara. Amma a Bahaushiyar ma'ana Makaɗa sa'idu yana nufin Muhammadu Macciɗo ya yi ibadar aikin haji.

3.1.4 Ɗa na Biyar

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalma ɗaya ta Larabci kamar yadda ya zo a waƙar:

Jagora: ‘Yan jidda /جدة suna tariya da kyau,

‘Y/Amshi: Domin sun ga Muhammadumaccido,

Bajini jikan Ɗanfodiyo,

Mai gaba da kai ba zai sha daɗi ba,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

A wannan ɗan waƙa Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ya yi amfani da kalmar Jidda/ جدة sunan gari ne a ƙasar Saudiya. kuma a Larabci akan yi amfani da ita wajen ƙarfafa kyakkyawan abu. Amma mawakin yana nufin garin na saudiyya.

3.1.5 Ɗa na Takwas

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi biyu na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Babban daji kake ɗan Abu,

Ko ice ko namun dawa,

Ko manya ko ‘yan ƙanƙana,

kowa ƙamnan Mamman shi kai,

Ƙamnar jikan Attahiru,

Baba na Sidi Mamman gwarzon Cika.

Wannan ɗan waƙa ya zo da kalmomin Larabci biyu kamar haka (1) Attahiru/طاهر A Larabci tana nufin mai tsarki. Amma malamin waƙa ya yi amfani da kalma a matsayin suna, don bayyana nasabar Muhammadu Macciɗo. (2) Sidi/ سيد A Larabci tana nufin shugaba. Makaɗa Sa'idu ya hararo ma'anar Larabci inda ya danganta Macciɗo da shugaba da nufin Muhammadu Bello.

3.1.6 Ɗa na Goma

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalma ɗaya ta Larabci kamar yadda ya zo a waƙar:

Mu'azu: Waƙag ga da nim maka Muhammadu,

Na ji daɗinta Mamman Sarkin Kudu,

Tun dak Kabi hak Kano ham Masar,

Hab birnin Legas hab Bichi.

‘Y/Amshi: Kowa ya ji waƙar sarkin kudu,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

Wannan ɗan waƙar Mu'azu ƙanen Sa'idu Faru ya jagorance shi. Ya yi amfani da kalmar Masar/مصر: wadda asalinta Larabci ne. Sunan ƙasa ce a Afirka ta masu magana da harshen Larabci, kuma tana nufin birni. Amma Mu'azu ya yi amfani da kalmar ne don nuna nisan wuraren da waƙar Macciɗo ta kai har inda ba ƙasar Hausa ba.

3.1.7    Ɗa na Goma Sha Ɗaya

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalma ɗaya ta Larabci kamar yadda ya zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Ni ko daɗinta da nij jiya,

Can dauri zaman daji mukai,

Da kay yi waƙar sarkin kudu,

Mammanyaɗ ɗaukan yar riƙe,

Mun san manyan mutane ƙwarai,

Mun san ƙananan mutane kuma,

Mun kammala dum mun ƙasura,

Barwa mu shida muna game,

Sarkin makaɗanmu shina gaba,

Duk kowane tashi ƙawa daban,

Yai taiɓa yai ƙaton ciki,

Kwag gashi zaune ga innuwa,

Ko da makaɗan sarkin Masar,

‘Y/Amshi: Yag ga Sa'idu sai rai nai yai haki,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

A wannan ɗan waƙa makaɗa Sa'idu ya yi amfani da kalmar Kammala/إكمال a Larabci tana nufin cikatawa ko gamawa. Amma a wannan ɗan waƙa makaɗan yana nufin Macciɗo ya ɗauke su kuma ya inganta rayuwarsu, ta yi kyau.

3.1.8 Ɗa na Goma sha Uku

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi uku na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Hwatadda nikai gun Rabbana,

‘Y/Amshi: Ka gaji gidan sarki Abu,

Don darajar halifaɗ Ɗanfodiyo.

 

Wannan ɗan waƙa ya zo da aron kalmomi uku, wato: (1) Rabbana/ ربنا a Larabci tana nufin abin bauta. Amma makaɗa Sa'idu mai biyan buƙata wanda zai Macciɗo ya gaji sarauta. (2) Daraja/درجة Wannan kalma a Larabci tana nufin "matsayi" Makaɗa Sa'idu ya yi amfani da kalmar ne don neman tubarraki. (3) Halifa/ خليفة Balarabiyar ma'ana tana nufin wanda ya gaji wani shugaba a gadon mulki. Shi kansa mawaƙin abin da yake nufi kenan. Don haka ma'anar ta zo ɗaya.

3.1.9    Ɗa na Goma Sha Biyar

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi shida na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Diba ƙafarka zuwa bisa hannuwa,

Zaman Shaihu ne ba wata za'ida,

Sarkin Musulmin wataran kake,

Da imani da mu'ujiza,

‘Y/Amshi: Nananga malam Macciɗo.

Kalmomin su ne (1) Shaihu/شيخ a Larabci tana nufin dattijo ko malami. Amma a wannan ɗan waƙa Sa'idu na nufin Shehu Ɗanfodiyo. (2) Za'idaزيادة/ a Larabci tana nufin ƙari. Haka shi ma malamin waƙa ya yi amfani da kalmar wajen kamancen Macciɗo da Ɗanfodiyo. (3) Musulmi/مسلم tana nufin mabiyi addinin Musulunci. Makaɗan ya kyautata wa Macciɗo jagorancin musulmi a masarautar da yake jira. (4) Imani/ إيمان na nufin yarda ko miƙa wuta ga wani abin bauta. Mawaƙin yana nufin Macciɗo ya yarda Allah shi zai ba shi sarautar sarkin musulmi. (5) Mu'ujiza/ معجزة tana nufin buwaya a Larabci, malami waƙa yana nufin Macciɗo ya zarce masu jiran kujerar sarkin musulmi. (6) Malam/معلم Balarabiyar ma'ana kalmar na nufin masani. Sa'idu na nufin Macciɗo masanin addinin Musulunci ne.

3.1.10  Ɗa na Goma Sha Tara

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalma ɗaya ta Larabci kamar yadda ya zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Maganag ga da za ni fada maka,

Gagarau ɗan Aliyu kai man gafara,

Wada duk aka gadon ƙasura,

Wada duk aka gadon ɗaukaka,

Wada duk aka gadon cigaba,

Mamman ka gaji Abubakar,

Ko da sayen halin nan a kai,

‘Y/Amshi: Baba halin da kakai kuɗɗi shi kai,

Kana shire baban ‘yan ruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

 

Gafara/غفران a Balarabiyar ma'ana tana nufin yafuwar wani laifi. Ɗan'umma yana neman afuwar Muhammadu Macciɗo idan maganar da ya faɗa na cewa "Zai gaji Abubakar", don gudun haddasa wata husuma tsakaninsa da ‘yan'uwansa.

3.1.11  Ɗa na Ashirin da Ɗaya

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalma ɗaya ta Larabci kamar yadda ya zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Na gode riƙon baban zagi,

‘Y/Amshi: Allah shi ma babban rabo,

Albarkar Shehu da Bello,

Had da Ariku zuwa sarki Hassan,

Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa,

Na Bello jikan Ɗanfodiyo.

Albarka/ البركة a Larabci ana nufin ƙaruwar amfani. Amma makaɗa Sa'idu yana nufin Allah zai bai wa Macciɗo babban rabo don alaƙarsa da su Shehu Ɗanfodiyo (ma'ana ya samu sarautar Sarkin Musulmi).

3.1.12  Ɗa na Ashirin da Biyar

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi huɗu na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Alla shi ƙara ɓai nasara,

‘Y/Amshi: Nic ce suda waƙa a kai,

Tac ce lalle waƙa nikai,

Waƙam Muhammad sarkin kudu,

Waƙan nan da Ɗan'umma yai mishi,

Baicin uwat tsuntsaye nike,

In da kaman miki na nikai,

Da nai mai wasiƙa yai man kiɗi,

Dan nan ni ko sai niw wuce,

Can na taɓa ‘yat tafiya kaɗan,

Sai ni ishe burtu na na kiwo,

Shina ta waƙar sarkin kudu,

Alisabbinani ɗan Amadu,

Allah shi ƙara mai nasara,

Nic ce burtu waƙa a kai,

Yac ce lalle waƙa nikai,

Waƙam Mamman sarkin kudu,

In na yi ta za ni wurin kiwo,

In na zo abinci sai na rage,

Sannan ni ko sai niw wuce,

Can na taɓa ‘yar tafiya kaɗan,

Na bakin bahar maliya,

Sai ni ishe Larabawa wurin,

Suna ta waƙas Sarkin Kudu,

Rai nai ya daɗe Sarkin Kudu,

Alisabbinani ɗan Amadu,

Allah shi ƙara ma nasara,

Ɗa mai daraja ɗan'adam,

Sannan mai daraja shi yay yi shi,

Shina gida zanne a Sakkwato,

In ya yi salla yai tazbaha,

Hasken nashi hak kallo mukai.

Kalmomin su ne (1) Nasara/نصرة a Larabci tana nufin samun sa'a. Haka shi ma malamin waƙa Sa'idu Faru ya yi fatar samun sa'a ga wanda yake yi wa waƙa. (2) Bahar/بحر a Balarabiyar ma'ana tana nufin kogi ko gilbi. A Hausance mawaƙin yana nufin tekun da ya raba nahiyar Afirka da ƙasar Saudiyya. (3) Tazbaha/تسبيح a Larabci ana nufin addu'o'i bayan an idar da salla. A Hausance ma makaɗa Sa'idu Faru na nufin addu'o'in bayan salla da akan yi da abin ƙirga da Bahaushe yake kira "Tazbaha". (4) Salla/صلاة: a Larabci tana nufin addu'a. Makaɗa na aikin ibada da Musulmi kan yi, wanda ya ƙunshi karance-karance tare da motsa jiki don neman rabauta ga Allah.

3.1.13  Ɗa na Ashirin da Takwas

A cikin wannan ɗan waƙa, mawaƙin ya ari kalmomi shida na Larabci kamar yadda suka zo a waƙar:

Jagora: Ɗan gamraka, bubuƙuwa,

‘Y/Amshi: Waɗannan salla kullum sukai.

Kalmar ita ce Kullum/كل يوم, a Larabci tana nufin yau da gobe. Amma a cikin wannan ɗan waƙa makaɗa ma nufin yin abu kodayaushe.

4.1 Sakamakon Bincike

Burin kowane bincike na ilmi, shi ne fito da wani abu wanda yake ɓoye a fili domin amfanin manazarta. Sakamakon wannan bincike ya gano:

i.     Dalilin da ya sa makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ya yawaita amfani da kalmomin Larabci a cikin waƙar shi ne, akwai tasirin addinin Musulunci ga makaɗa/mawaƙan Hausa. Mafi akasarinsu ba su yi zurfi wajen ilmin addinin ba, tun ba shi Sa'idu Faru ba, kamar yadda Gusau (1988: 511-514) ya bayyana. Duk da haka kalmomin Larabci sun kama bakunansu kamar yadda ya bayyana a cikin ɗiyan waƙar da suka gabata.

ii.   Haka kuma, binciken ya gano cewa mu'amalar neman ilmi da bayar da shi, tare da lamurran mulki a daular Sakkwato sun taimaka wajen yaɗuwar kalmomin Larabci a bakunan mutanen ƙasar Hausa, tun ma ba mawaƙa ko makaɗa ba.

iii.Bugu da ƙari, an gano cewa babban dalilin da ya sa malamin waƙa ya yawaita amfani da kalmomin Larabci shi ne la'akari da nasabar Muhammadu Macciɗo ta gidan Mujaddadi Ɗanfodiyo. Musamman inda yake cewa:

Jagora: Diba ƙafarka zuwa bisa hannuwa,

Zaman Shaihu ne ba za'ida,

Sarkin Musulmin wata ran kake,

Da imani da mu'ujiza.

iv.A ƙasher kuwa, maƙalar ta gano ɗiyan waƙa goma sha uku (13) waɗanda Sa’idu Faru ya saƙa ararrin kalmomin Larabci a cikin wannan waƙa. A cikin kowane ɗan waƙa akan samu kalmomin Larabci ɗaya fiye a cikinsa. A jimlace, makaɗa Sa’idu Faru ya yi amani da kalmomi talatin da biyu (32) da ya aro daga Larabci a cikin waɗannan ɗiya gaba ɗaya.

4.2 Kammalawa

Wannan nazari wani yunƙuri ne na fito da tasirin manyan harsuna a kan makaɗan Hausa. An yi haka ne domin fito da fasahohinsu na ƙoƙarin amfani da harshe na biyu cikin waƙoƙinsu. Wannan maƙala gudummuwa ce a fagen ilmi domin fito da aron kalmomin Larabci a waƙar Makaɗa Sa'idu Faru ta "Kana shire Baban ‘Yanruwa" wadda ya yi wa Sarkin Kudun Sakkwato Muhammadu Macciɗo. Wannan takarda ta kammala da cewa Makaɗa Sa’idu Faru yana ɗaya daga cikin gogaggun makaɗan Hausa masu amfani da fasahar aron kalmomi wajen gina waƙoƙinsa.

Manazarta

Adamu, A. da Gwadabe, M. M. (2005). Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo Abubakar III The 19^th Sultan of Sokoto: The Bridge Builder. Zariya: Amana Publishing Ltd. daga shafin: https://www.rumbunilmi.com.ng

Akmajian, A. da wasu (2012). An Introduction to Language and Communication. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited.

Gusau, S.M. (1988). Waƙoƙin Makaɗan Fada: Sigoginsu Da Yanayinsu, Musamman A Ƙasar Sakkwato. Kundin Digiri Na Uku. Kano: Jami'ar Bayaro.

Gusau, S.M. (1996). Makaɗa Da Mawaƙan Hausa. Kaduna: Fisbas Media Services.

Gusau, S.M. (2020). Diwanin Waƙoƙin Baka (Juzu'i na Biyar). Kano: Commercial Printing & Publishing.

https://www.amsoshi.com

https://www.rumbunilmi.com.ng

Umar, M. M. da Abbas, N. I. (2020). Nazarin Hanyoyin Samar da Hausar Wasu Rukunan 'Yankasuwa a Cikin Garin Sakkwato. Cikin EAS Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Vol. 2. Kenya. East African Scholars Publisher.

Yahya, A.B. (2016). Salo Asirin Waƙa. Sokoto: Guaranty Printers.

Yakasai, S.A. (2023). Aro Da Ƙirƙira A Hausa. Kaduna: Amal Printing Press Ltd.

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