Al’adun Hausawa a Duniyar Intanet: A San Matsayin Yau Don a Kyautata Gobe

Cite this article as: Sani, A-U. & Bakura, A.R. (2023). Al’adun Hausawa a Duniyar Intanet: A San Matsayin Yau Don a Kyautata Gobe. Zamfara International Journal of Humanities, (2)3, 82-92. www.doi.org/10.36349/zamijoh.2023.v02i03.010.

Al’adun Hausawa a Duniyar Intanet: A San Matsayin Yau Don a Kyautata Gobe

Abu-Ubaida SANI
Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Email: abu-ubaidallah@fugusau.edu.ng, abuubaidasani5@gmail.com

And

Adamu Rabi’u BAKURA
Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Email: adamubakura@fugusau.edu.ng, arbakura62@gmail.com

Tsakure

Manufar wannan maƙala ita ce nazartar al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet ta yau. An ɗora aikin a kan Bahaushen ra’i na Zamani Riga. Kadadar binciken ta taƙaita ga al’adun Hausawa da duniyar intanet. Tussan bayanai na farko da aka yi amfani da su sun kasance kafafen intaent kai tsaye. Majiya ta biyu kuwa ta kasance ayyukan da suka gabata waɗanda suke da alaƙa da wannan bincike. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa, tuni Hausa ta kama hanyar samun gagarumin gindin zama a duniyar intanet. Al’adun Hausawa daban-daban na bayyana yayin da aka neme su ta hanyar injunan biɗar bayanai na kan intanet. Ƙalubalen da ake fuskanta a wannan haujin sun haɗa da ƙarancin masana masu jagorantar lamuran kafafen intanet na Hausa, da kuma rashin ingancin bayanan da ake ɗorawa a kan kafafen. Daga ƙarshe, binciken ya nuna wajibcin ƙara himma ga masana da manazarta harshe da adabi da kuma al’adun Hausawa wajen sanya rigar zamani da samar da kyakkyawan wakilci a duniyar intanet.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Hausa, Hausawa, Al’adu, Intanet, Duniyar Intanet

1.0 Shimfiɗa

Abubuwan amfani na yau da kullum[1] suna da matuƙar tasiri a kan al’adun Hausawa. Al’amuran da suke wanzuwa a duniyar intanet suna da kwatankwacin wannan tasirin. Al’adun Hausawa na samun tasiri nau’uka biyu. Na farko shi ne sauye-sauyen zamani a duniyar zahiri. Na biyu kuwa sauye-sauyen da ake samu a duniyar intanet. Duk sababbin al’adun da Bahaushe zai iya cin karo da su a duniyar intanet a yau, to ɗora su aka yi. Ko dai ya kasance al’adar wata al’umma, ko kuma ƙirƙirarriya ce.

A ɓangare guda kuwa, su ma Hausawa sun fara bin sahun duniya na ɗora al’adunsu a intanet. Sukan yi hakan ta hanyoyi daban-daban da suka haɗa da kafafen intanet (websites/blogs) da na sada zumunta (social media). Hakan babban cigaba ne ga harshen da kuma al’ummar, wato Hausawa.

Wannan takarda tana da manufar karaɗe duniyar intanet domin zaƙulo al’adun Hausawa. Yunƙurin hakan zai ba da damar fahimtar mizanin adadin wakilcin da Hausa da kuma Hausawa suke da shi a duniyar intanet, tare da fahimtar ƙalubalen da hakan ke fuskanta. Hakan kuwa wani mataki ne na samar da gyara ta hanyar ingantawa da bunƙasawa.

1.1 Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike

An gina wannan takarda a kan tsarin hanyar bincike ta Ƙwanƙancin Bayanai (Qualitative Research). Kadadar binciken ta haɗa al’adun Hausawa da duniyar intanet. Nazarin ya taƙaita a kan al’adun da ake iya samu a intanet kawai. A cikinsu kuwa har da bayyanannu da ɓoyayyun al’adu.

An tattara bayanan wannan bincike daga kafafen intanet kai tsaye, a matsayin tushen bayanai na farko. A matsayin tushen bayani na biyu kuwa, an bibiyi rubuce-rubucen da suka gabata masu alaƙa da aikin. Su ne kuma suka yi wa binciken jagoranci ta hanyar fayyace muhimman kalmomi da batutuwa tare da sharar fage game da abubuwan da aka riga aka gudanar da muhawarori a kansu. Daga ciki har da amfani da ƙalubalen intanet.

An ɗora binciken a kan fahimtar Hausawa ta “zamani riga.” A bisa wannan, binciken yana da fahimtar cewa, riƙo da sauye-sauyen zamani tilas ne[2]. Hakan ne kaɗai yake kai ga bunƙasar harshe da al’adu a yau. A bisa wannan, ya zama wajibi a nazarci al’adun Hausawa da suke duniyar intanet domin ingantawa da bunƙasawa.

2.0 Intanet da Taskace Al’adu

Idan ana maganar al’adu a jimlace, kafar intanet ta kasance wata taska ce mai muhimmanci. Wannan ba sabon abu ba ne. Tuni kafafen intanet suka kasance wani bagire da ake rubuce-rubuce dangane da al’adu. Ko bayan rubuce-rubuce, akwai hotuna da bidiyoyi da suke ɗauke da al’adun al’ummomi daban-daban. Wannan ya haɗa da bayyanannu da ɓoyayyun al’adu. A matakin duniya, abubuwan da ake samu dangane da al’adu a kafafen intanet sun haɗa da:

a.      Akan ci karo da samfuran abinci daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da: Abincin bukukuwa da na otel-otel da na yau-da-kullum waɗanda ake samu a gidaje.

b.      Akan sanya hotunan tufafi. Hakan kuwa shi ya bayar da damar cin karo da nau’ukan tufafi daban-daban cikin bidiyoyi a kafafen intanet.

c.       Akan ci karo da gine-gine nau’uka daban-daban. Gine-ginen na kasancewa cikin hotuna da bidiyoyi.

d.     Har ila yau, a intanet akan ci karo da wasannin gargajiyar al’ummu daban-daban. Su ma sukan kasance cikin hotuna da bidiyoyi.

e.      Bugu da ƙari, akan ci karo da bukukuwan al’ummu mabambanta a kafafen intanet.

f.        Nau’ukan kitso da na aski ma ba a bar su a baya ba. Akwai kafafen intanet da ke kawo hotuna da bidiyoyinsu.

A taƙaice, duk wata al’ada da aka sani ta mutane, akan samu kafafen intanet da suke kawo su. Wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne idan aka yi la’akari da yawan adadin kafafen intanet na duniya (sama da biliyan 1.72). Dangane da al’adun Hausawa kuwa, su ma akan same su da dama a kafafen intanet. An kawo misalai a ƙasa.

2.1 Intanet da Al’adun Hausawa

Tuni hankalin masana da manazarta ya kai kan tasirin intanet a kan al’adun Hausawa. A wasu lokutan sukan yi rubutun da ke nuna wannan tasiri kai tsaye. A wasu lokuta kuwa, akan tsinci batun ne yayin da suke tattauna tasirin zamananci a kan al’adun Hausawa. Ko ba komai dai, intanet na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da zamani ya zo da su, waɗanda kuma suke da matuƙar tasiri a rayuwar al’umma. Wannan ne ya ja hankalin Clement, (2020 p. 1) inda ya nuna cewa tuni intanet ta zama wani ɓangare na rayuwar al’umma.[3]

Abin lura a nan shi ne, yawancin ayyukan da aka gudanar a kan wannan batu sun karkata ne zuwa ga bayyana illolin intanet a kan al’adun Hausawa maimakon alfanunta. Babban misali a nan shi ne, aikin Shehu da Rambo, (2019) mai taken: “Shafin Zumunta na Was’af (Whatsapp): Tasirinsa ga Lalacewar Tarbiyyar ‘Ya’yan Hausawa.” Kai tsaye sun dubi yadda wannan shafi ke kai wa ga taɓarɓarewar al’adun al’ummar Hausawa musamman tarbiyya. Wannan bincike kuwa zai riƙa bugun jaki ne yana bugun taiki. Babban burinsa shi ne nazartar tasirin intanet a kan al’adun Hausawa.Wannan tasiri na iya kasancewa mai kyau ko marar kyau. Wannan ya sa idanuwan binciken suka kasance suna ga kifi kuma sannan suna ga bado.

Domin jin daɗin tattauna batun (bunƙasar al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet), ba za a yi wa al’adun kaɗar ‘ya’yan kaɗanya ba. Maikwari, (2020 p. 29) ya bayyana cewa: “Masana da dama sun raba al’adun Hausawa zuwa gida biyu.” Kason biyu su ne (i) Bayyananniyar al’ada (fasahar hannu) da (ii) Ɓoyayyiyar al’ada (fasahar baka). Wannan takarda ta yi amfani da wannan rabo yayin tattauna yaɗuwar al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet.

2.1.1 Intanet da Bayyanannun Al’adun Hausawa (Fasahar Hannu)

Bayyanannun al’adu sun shafi dukkanin fasahohin Hausawa da idanu ke iya kallon su. Sun haɗa da wasannin gargajiya da abinci da gine-gine da sana’o’i da suturu da magunguna da bukukuwa da dazuka da koguna. Za a ɗauki waɗannan al’adu dalla-dalla domin zawarcinsu a duniyar intanet.

A. Intanet da Wasannin Hausawa

Wasa dai na nufin duk wata magana da aka furta ko wani aiki da aka aikata da nufin raha da nishaɗi. Ƙamusun Ingilishi na kamfanin Google ya ba da ma’anar wasa da cewa: “An activity that one engages in for amusement or fun.”[4] Abin da yake nufi shi ne “duk wani abin da mutum ke aikatawa domin samun nishaɗi.” Yayin da aka ce wasannin gargajiya kuwa, ana nufin wasannin Hausawa da suka kasance sanannu. Bayan haka, sun kasance na Hausa tsantsa ba waɗanda aka kwaikwaya daga baƙin al’ummu ba. Daga cikinsu akwai waɗanda suke da takamaiman wuri da lokacin aiwatarwa, wasu kuma har da sanannun kayan aiki da ake amfani da su yayin gudanar da wasannin. Daga cikin wasannin gargajiya na Hausawa akwai na furuci, wato waɗanda suka shafi magana. Baya ga su kuma akwai kuramen wasanni, wato waɗanda ake aikata su ba tare da wani furuci ba.

Wannan bincike ya ci karo da wasannin Hausawa daban-daban a duniyar intanet waɗanda suka kasance ta fuskoki mabambanta. Daga cikinsu akwai:

i.                    Rubuce-rubuce dangane da wasannin Hausawa

ii.                  Hotounan wasannin Hausawa

iii.               Bidiyoyin wasannin Hausawa.

Hoto na 1 da ke sama ya kasance na wasan tashe. A ciki za a ga yara mata sun shafe fuskarsu da farin alli. An ɗauko wannan hoto daga bidiyon da aka ɗora a kafar intanet ta Yutub. Haƙiƙa wannan wata hanya ce ta adana wasannin Hausawa na gargajiya tare da koyar da yadda ake yin su ga masu kallo.

A hoto na 2 da ke sama, za a iya kallon matasa suna wasan langa. Wannan daɗaɗɗen wasan Hausawa ne. Haƙiƙa ire-iren waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen adana al’adun wasanni da yanzu haka suka dusashe, har suna ƙoƙarin ɓacewa gaba ɗaya.

B. Intanet da Abincin Hausawa

Bai zama laifi ba, idan aka faɗi cewa kalmar abinci ba ararriyar kalma ba ce daga kowane harshe. Dalilan faɗin haka sun haɗa da kasancewar abinci ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa na farko da ɗan’adam zai fara cuɗanya da shi yayin da ya zo duniya. Wannan na nuna cewa, dole ne ya samar wa kansa sunan da yake ambaton wannan abu da shi. Baya ga haka, kalmar abinci ta fi kama da haɗaka na kalmomi guda biyu, wato abu da kuma ci. Za ta iya yuwuwa Hausawa sun fara ambaton sunan abinci ne da furucin: “abin da za a ci” ko “abin da ake ci.” Sannu a hankali har aka gajarce kalmar zuwa abinci. Ohio Department of Taxation (ODT) sun ba da ma’anar abinci a shekarar 2004 a matsayin duk wani abu da: “... mutane ke haɗiyewa ko taunawa sannan ana cin su ne domin ɗanɗanonsu ko amfaninsu a jiki.”[5] Ma’anar ta ODT ta yi kama da ma’anar da aka samar a kafar Rumbun Ilimi, inda suka ce abinci: “Shi ne dukkan abin da za a ci sannan kuma ya bai wa jiki sinadaran da yake buƙata domin samun ƙarfi” (Rumbun Ilimi, ND: 1).

Wannan bincike ya ci karo da kafar Intanet wadda aka gina ta sukutum a kan abincin Hausawa. Duka ƙunshiyar kafar ya karkata ne a kan abinci. Hakan ne ma ya sanya sunan kafar ya kasance abinci (https://abinci.com/). Kafar na matuƙar ƙoƙari wajen ɗora hotunan abincin Hausawa tare da taƙaitaccen tsokaci game da yadda ake sarrafa su. A hoto na 3 da ke ƙasa an kawo misali:

Masa dai sananniyar nau’in abinci ce a ƙasar Hausa. A cikin hoto na 3 da ke sama, za a iya lura cewa da akwai tasirin zamani a kan wannan nau’in abinci. Na farko dai ƙullin masar kanta ta shinkafa ce a maimakon gero. S. Zainab (keɓantacciyar tattaunawa, 13 ga watan Maris 2020) ta bayyana cewa, da wuya a iya hasashen lokacin da Bahaushe ya fara masar shinkafa, “domin kuwa daɗaɗɗen al’amari ne.[6]” Bayan haka, tanderun masar ya kasance na dalma a maimakon na ƙasa/laka da ake da shi a gargajiyance. Na uku, da cokalin silba ake amfani wajen juya masar a maimakon kalaba ko tsintsiya. Koma dai yaya abin yake, tuni wannan nau’in masa ya nashe cikin gargajiyar Bahaushe.

C. Intanet da Gine-ginen Hausawa

Gini na ɗaya daga cikin muhimman bayyanannun al’adu. A wannan ɓangare ma, Hausa ta samu tagomashi. Akwai kafafen intanet daban-daban da suke ɗauke da hotuna da bidiyoyin gine-ginen Hausawa. A duba misali a hoto na 4 da ke ƙasa:

A zuwa lokacin da aka bincika kafar intanet ta Azare Online, hoton Katagum (Azare) ne ke matsayin babban hoton shafin farko (home page picture). Kafar intanet ta Amsoshi ta kawo kwatankwacin wannan hoton. Kodayake ita fadar Sakkwato da Katsina da Kano ta kawo. Za a iya lura da cewa, ginin fadar na zamani ne. Ma’ana ba tun ginin gargajiya aka adana ba. Ba makawa hakan na da nasaba da kasancewar a da babu wadatuwar kafafen intanet na Hausa.[7] Bayan gine-ginen zamani na Hausawa, akan ci karo kuma da na gargajiya. A duba misali da hoton da ke ƙasa:

A hoto na 5 da ke sama, za a ga cewa gini ne na gargajiya. An kuma ƙawata shi sosai da yake ginin sarauta ne. Haƙiƙa adana ire-iren waɗannan gine-ginen tarihi zai kasance mai amfani a nan gaba. A 5b da ke ƙasa ma za a iya kallon ginin gargajiya:

D. Intanet da Sana’o’in Hausawa

“A san mutum a san sana’arsa” in ji Hausawa. “Sana’a” ba Bahaushiyar kalma ba ce. An aro ta ne daga Larabci. A Larabci tana nufin “aiki.” Sallau, (edita) (ND) na da ra’ayin cewa “Bayan tafiya ta yi tafiya sai ma’anar kalmar a wurin Bahaushe ta ƙara faɗaɗa har ta ƙunshi duk wani aiki da za a yi don gudanar da wani abu da za a musanya a tsakanin ɗaiɗaikun al’umma ko rukunin jama’a.” Sana’a kuwa in ji Newman, (2007 p. 177) ita ce “abin da mutum yake yi don sabawa kamar gini.” Akwai bayanai sosai game da sano’o’in Hausawa daban-daban a duniyar intanet. A kafar intanet mai suna Al’ummar Hausawa, Musa, (2019 p. 1) ya rubuta maƙala mai taken: “Sana’ar Kiyo a Ƙasar Hausa.” A ciki ya sanya hoton kaza da ‘yan tsakinta. A duba hoto na 6 da ke ƙasa:

A tarihin tattalin arziki da sana’o’in Bahaushe, kiwo na da gurbi na musamman. Har ila yau, kiwon kaji sanannen al’amari ne a gidajen Bahaushe. A inda aka fito, da wuya a samu wani gidan Bahaushe da ba a kiwon kaji. Akwai sanannen kirarin nan da ake yi wa kiwon kaji cewa: “’Yar ƙaramar dukiya da babbar riba.”

E. Intanet da Suturun Hausawa

“Sutura ita ce mutum” in ji Hausawa. Jaridar Leadership 29 ga watan Afirilu, shekarar 2019 ta samar da fassarar wani rubutu da aka yi cikin harshen Ingilishi mai taken “Sociology of Writing.” A ciki an nuna yadda sutura ta kasance wata shaida da za a iya gane mutane da ita. A fahimtar marubutan, shi tufafi “wani abu ne wanda al’umma ta samar da shi, kuma mai ɗauke da ma’anar da take daidaita yanayin mu’amala, ciki kuwa har da samar da tsarin da ake kallon abu a matsayin ado.”[8]

Wannan bincike ya ci karo da tufafin Hausawa a duniyar intanet. Sun fi yawa a kafar intanet ɗin nan mai suna Hausa Weddings[9] (Auratayyar Hausawa). Dalili kuwa shi ne, kafar ta shahara ne wajen ɗaukar hotuna da bidiyoyin auratayyar Hausawa tare da ɗora su a duniyar intanet. A ƙasa an kawo misalin suturun Hausawa waɗannda aka ɗauko a intanet:

A hoto na 7 da ke sama, za a ga cewa Hausawa ne cikin ado bisa dawakai. Su ma dawakan an caɓa musu ado. Haƙiƙa wannan yayata al’adu ne na Hausawa. Dalili kuwa shi ne, al’ummomi daga wasu yankuna na duniya suna iya kallon wannan hoto ta kafafen intanet. Idan aka duba hoton da ke ƙasa kuwa (7b), za a ga Hausawa maza cikin tufafin Hausawa.

F. Intanet da Magungunan Hausawa

Magani daɗaɗɗen al’amari ne. Hasashen farkon samuwar magani ga wata al’umma daidai yake da laluben samuwar cuta a gare su. Farkon samuwar cuta ga al’umma kuwa daidai yake da tushen kasantuwarsu a raye. Dalili shi ne, hasashe ya nuna ba a taɓa wani lokaci da ɗan’adam ba ya tare da cuta ba. Ko da babu cutar rashin lafiya, akwai ta zuciya wadda kuwa ba a samun kwanciyar hankali har sai an cimma muradinta.

Bargery, (1933: 743) ya ce: “Magani yana nufin riga-kafi da kariyar cuta.” Dangane da cuta kuwa, Gobir, (2012) ya tabbatar da cewa ta haɗa da ta jiki da ta zuciya. Ya kawo hakan cikin ma’anar magani da ya bayar. Ya ce: “Hanya ce ta kawar da, ko kwantar da, duk wata cuta ta jiki ko ta zuciya, ko neman ɗaukaka, ko kariya daga makaru da jifa da sihiri ko siddabaru.” Gobir, (2012 p. 224).[10]

A hoto na 8 da ke sama, za a iya kallon magungunan gargajiya nau’uka daban-daban. A ciki akwai sassaƙe da ciyayi da jijiyoyi da gari da kuma sassan dabbobi. Haƙiƙa wannan ma wani mataki ne na yayata al’adun Hausawa.

G. Intanet da Bukukuwan Hausawa

Buki na ɗaya daga cikin al’adun Bahaushe masu jan hankali. “Buki dai wani taro ne da Hausawa kan yi domin nuna farin ciki a kan faruwar abin murna, ko domin gudanar da wani muhimmin abu da ya shafi rayuwarsu” Shehu, a cikin Maikwari, (2020 p, 45).[11] Akwai kafar intanet sukutum wadda aka gina ta a kan auratayyar Hausawa. Wannan kafa na da suna Hausa Weddings, wato Auratayyar Hausawa. A ciki, akan samu hotuna da bidiyoyi na auratayyar Hausawa daban-daban. A ƙasa an kawo hoton shafin farko na wannan kafa:

Hoto na 9 da ke sama ya kasance na shafin farko na kafar Hausa Weddings. A tsakiyar hoton za a iya lura da tambarin kafar. Tambarin ya kasance hannun mace da aka caɓa wa ado. Da zarar an kalla, abu na farko da zai zo ga zuciyar mai kallon shi ne “amarya.”[12] Idan aka yi amfani da ire-iren waɗannan kafafe ta hanyoyin da suka dace, lallai za su taimaka wajen haɓaka Hausa da yayata ta, tare da kundace al’adunta.

2.1.2 Intanet da Ɓoyayyun Al’adun Hausawa (Fasahar Baka)

Rukuni na biyu a rabe-raben al’adu ya shafi “ɓoyayyun al’adu.” Maikwari, (2020 p. 45) ya bayyana ma’anar ɓoyayyun al’adu da cewa:

Ɓoyayyar al’ada ita ce nau’in al’ada da ta shafi abubuwan da ba a iya gani ko taɓawa, a maimakon haka, sai dai ƙwaƙwalwa ta fahimce su kawai. Waɗannan abubuwa sun shafi halaye da ɗabi’un al’umma kawai (Maikwari, 2020 p. 45)

A taƙaice ke nan, ɓoyayyiyar al’ada ta shafi sababbiyar amintacciyar hanyar gudanar da rayuwa wadda ba bayyananniya ba. Duk al’amuran da suka shafi tunani da basira da ladabi da biyayya da zamantakewa suna ƙarƙashin ɓoyayyiyar al’ada ne. Wannan nau’in al’ada ma ba a bar shi a baya ba wajen shiga duniyar intanet. Akan samu al’amuran da suka shafi zamantakewa da tarihin Hausawa. Kai tsaye a kafar intanet ɗin nan mai suna Tsangayar Adabin Hausa ta buga a shafinta na farko cewa: “Tsangayar da ta Himmatu Wajen Kulawa da Killacewa da Taskace Abubuwan da Suka Shafi Adabi da Zamantakewar Al'ummar Hausawa.”[13]

A ɓangare guda kuwa, kafafen intanet da dama na ƙoƙari wajen kawo tarihin Hausa da Hausawa. Babban misali a nan shi ne kafar intanet mai suna Rumbun Ilimi (https://www.rumbunilimi.com.ng/tarihi.html). A ƙasa (Hoto na 10) an kawo misali:

A hoto na 10 da ke sama, za a iya ganin cewa illahirin ƙunshiyar shafin da aka ɗauko ya karkata ne kan tarihi. An rarraba tarihin zuwa rukunai kamar haka:

i.                    Tarihin masarautu

ii.                  Tarihin dauloli

iii.               Tarihin ƙasashe

iv.               Tarihin shahararrun mutane

3.0 Amfanin Intanet ga Hausa da Hausawa

Kafafen intanet suna da matuƙar amfani wajen haɓaka harshe da yayata shi. Al’amuran duniya a yau ba sa haɓaka har sai an haɗa da intanet. Masana da dama sun yi rubuce-rubuce dangane da tasirin intanet da zamananci a kan al’adun Hausawa. Daga ciki akwai aikin Almajir, (2009) da Shehu da Rambo, (2019) da Sani & Kaura, (2021) da Sani, (2022).

Abin lura a nan shi ne, mafi yawansu sun karkata ne kan fito da ire-iren illolin da intanet da zamananci ke da shi ga al’adun Hausawa. Duk da haka, akwai aikin da ya yi ƙoƙari matuƙa inda ya bugi jaki ya bugi taiki. Wannan aiki shi ne na ‘Yartsakuwa, (2017). Aikin ya yi ƙoƙari matuƙa wajen zayyano amfani da kuma aibin kafafen intanet tsakanin shafi na 35-37. Wannan bincike ya nazarci ayyukan magabatan. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa, amfanin intanet ga Hausa da Hausawa sun haɗa da:

1.                  Samun Ilimi a Sauƙaƙe

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan alfanun intanet shi ne samun ilimi har gida. Ta hanyar amfani da intanet, mutum zai karanta nau’ukan rubuce-rubuce da dama yayin da yake kwance a ɗakinsa. Haka kuma, zai iya sauraron odiyo ko ya kalli bidiyoyi. Haƙiƙa wannan janyo nesa kusa ne tare da sauƙaƙawa. Misali, a shekarar 2020 da aka samu yaɗuwar cutar korona, ƙasashen duniya da dama sun komar da tsarin karatunsu kacokan zuwa kan intanet. Jami’o’in ƙasar Hausa ba su da wannan tsarin. Ko ba komai, Bahaushe ya ce: “Ba a fafe gora ranar tafiya.”

Intanet kafa ce ta neman ilimi. Akwai makarantu da dama da suka kasance saman intanet. Ɗalibai za su yi rigista da irin waɗannan makarantu daga duk wuraren da suke a faɗin duniya. Za su riƙa ɗaukar darusa ta intanet, su rubuta jinga ta intanet su kuma yi jarabawa ta intanet. Daga cikin irin waɗannan makarantu akwai:

a.         Arizona State University–ASU Online

b.         Boston University. (Boston, Massachusetts)

c.         Indiana University–IU Online.

d.         Northeastern University

e.         Penn State World Campus. (State College, Pennsylvania)

f.          UMass Online. (Amherst, Massachusetts)

g.         University of Florida Distance Learning. (Gainesville, Florida)

Hausawa na iya morar wannan dama ta hanyar yin karatu a ƙasashen ƙetare ta kafar intanet. Baya ga haka, a yanzu haka akwai kafafen intanet na Hausa da suke ƙoƙarin samar da makarantu. Daga cikin masu wannan hoɓɓasa akwai masu gudanar da kafar Bakandamiya (https://bakandamiya.com/). Akwai kuma masu kafar Wikihausa waɗanda tuni suka fara koyar da kwasa-kwasai da suka haɗa da na koyan kwamfuta da girke-girke da sauran ɓangarorin ilimi da dama.[14] Bugu da ƙari, jami’ar Nijeriyar[15] nan wadda ke gudanar da harkokin karatunta ta kafar intanet ta sanya Hausa cikin jerin kwasa-kwasai da take koyarwa.[16]

2.                  Sauƙaƙawa

Sauƙaƙawa a nan bai taƙaita a kan sauƙin da mai karatu ke samu kaɗai ba. Yana nufin (i) sauƙin da marubuci yake samu, inda yana iya ɗora rubuce-rubucensa bisa intanet. Wannan hanya ta fi sauƙi inda ba zai kashe kuɗin buga littafi mai yawa ba. (ii) Gwamnatoci da cibiyoyin ilimi na samun rangwamen ɗaukar nauyin ɗakunan karatu. Bayan littattafan da ake tarawa da kundaye da sauran abubuwan karatu, akwai kuma abin da ake kira e-library,[17] wato ɗakin karatun intanet. Ɗakunan karatu na tara dubban ɗaruruwan littattafai a kan intanet. Da a ce sai an samo kwafinsu, lallai akwai buƙatar kuɗaɗe masu yawa da kuma gine-gine masu yawa inda za a ajiye su.

3.                  Bunƙasa Hausa

Kamar yadda ake bunƙasa Hausa ta hanyar rubuce-rubuce a duniyar zahiri, haka ma abin yake a duniyar intanet. Wani abu mai jan hankali shi ne, sau da dama rubutu bisa intanet ya fi yi wa matasa sauƙi a kan ta hanyar amfani da takarda da alƙalami. A haka ana samar da rubuce-rubuce da dama a duniyar intanet. Ya rage ga masu kishin Hausa da su dage wajen bunƙasa al’amarin domin kwalliya ta biya kuɗin sabulu.

4.                  Yayata Hausa

Idan mutum ya ci gaba da rubutu domin amfanin Hausawa, to haɓaka ta kawai yake yi. Idan kuwa ya kasance cewa waɗanda ba Hausawa ba na amfana da rubutun, to a nan yana yayata ta ke nan. Babbar hanyar yayata Hausa cikin sauƙi a yau shi ne ta amfani da intanet. Wanda ke zaune a ƙasar Hausa na iya yin rubuce-rubuce da za su zaga duniya. Hakan kuwa na ƙara wa harshen sanuwa tare da ɗaga darajarsa cikin jerin harsunan duniya. Ba makawa, yayatuwar Hausa yana daga cikin abin da ya fifita ta tare da ɗaga darajarta sama da tsaranta a yau. Duk da haka, “idan kana da kyau, sai ka ƙara da wanka.”

5.                  Samar da Kafafen Sada Zumunta

Haƙiƙa wata babbatar gudummuwar da intanet take bayarwa a yau ita ce samar da kafafen sada zumunta. Zumunci ya dawo ana iya sadar da shi alhali ana kwance cikin ɗaki. Wannan ya kasance saɓanin da (kafin samuwar intanet) wanda sai an tashi takanas domin ziyara. A yau, akwai kafafen sada zumunta barkatai a duniyar intanet.

4.0 Sakamakon Bincike

Haƙiƙa wannan nazari ya bayyana cewa ba a bar al’adun Hausawa a baya ba a duniyar intanet. Al’adu da dama na bayyana yayin da aka tura nema (search) game da su ta amfani da ɗaya daga cikin injunan nema (search engines) da ake da su. Wani abun burgewa shi ne, ko bayan bayanai game da al’adun, akan ci karo har da hotuna ko bidiyoyin waɗansu daga ciki. An ga ire-iren waɗannan misalai a ƙarƙashin A zuwa G da ke ƙasan 2.1.1 da ke sama.

Wani ƙalubale da ke tattare da lamarin al’adun Hausawa a intanet shi ne, da yawa daga cikin masu gudanar da waɗannan kafafe ba masana harshe da al’adun Hausawa ba ne. Wannan ya sa ake samun naƙasu tun daga kan abin da ya shafi ƙa’idojin rubutu, har zuwa inganci da amincin bayanan da ake samarwa. A ɓangare guda kuwa, ƙalubalen ya haɗa da gurɓatattun al’adu da suka haɗa da shigar batsa da makamantansu.

5.0 Kammalawa

Haƙiƙa al’adun Hausawa sun kai wani matsayi na bunƙasa a duniyar intanet. Kusan babu wani ɓangaren al’adun Hausawa da ba a cin karo da su a cikin kafafen intanet. Abin da ya rage shi ne masana da manazarta harshe da ala’dun Hausawa su rungumi zamani tare da haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfe wurin ganin haƙa ta cim ma ruwa. Bayan ƙoƙarin masana a matsayinsu na ɗaiɗaiku, hukumomin bincike da sassan nazarin Hausa na da rawar da za su iya takawa a wannan fanni. Ya haɗa da faɗaɗa bincike a matakin manyan digiri tare da aiki da sakamakon binciken cikin kishi da haɗin kai. Za a yi haka ne duk dai don ganin al’adun Hausawa a duniyar intanet sun samu haɓaka da bunƙasa tare da yaɗuwa.

Manazarta

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[1] Misali, ababen hawa da tufafi da kwamfutoci da gine-gine.

[2] Wannan dalili ya sa Hausawa suke ɗaukar lamarin zamani tamkar wata gobara ce daga kogi, kauce mata sai wani ikon Ubangiji. Shi ne ya sa suke cewa: “Mai laya kiyayi mai zamani.” Makaɗa Musa Ɗanƙwairo Maradun ya tabbatar da haka inda yake cewa:

 “Jagora: Mai laya kiyayi mai zamani,

 : Ja can baya da layarka,

 : Don ko da ka so ka ba da kanka,

 Yara : Ba za ta magani nan ba.

 Gindi : Sardauna Bello,

 : Mai sulken yaƙi ya hi gaban wargi.”

 (Musa Ɗanƙwairo: Waƙar Bello Maitama).

 

[3] A duba https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide.

[4] A duba: https://www.google.com/search?q=game+meaning&oq=game+meaning&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i512l9.3156j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.

[5] “... ingestion or chewing by humans and are consumed for their taste or nutritional value.”

[6] Duk da haka, ana kirdadon zuwan noman shinkafa ƙasar Hausa a wajejen shekarun 1940s inda Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara gwadawa a wasu fadamun da ke ƙarƙashin Masarautar Gwandu, (Bunza , 2021). Wannan bincike yana hasashen bayyanar shinkafar a hannun mutane shi ne ya kawo hanyoyin sarrafa ta iri-iri har ake yin masa.

[7] Idan ba a ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba, abu ne mai sauƙi tarihi ya maimaita kansa. Idan kuwa aka mayar da hankali wajen samar da kyakkyawan wakilcin Hausa da Hausawa a duniyar intanet, tarihi cikin rubuce-rubuce da hotuna da bidiyoyi zai kasance a adane har Mahadi.

[8] A duba: https://hausa.leadership.ng/ado-darussa-daga-sociology-of-fashion/.

[9] Domin nazartar wannan kafar intanet, ana iya bin: https://hausaweddings.com/.

[10] Domin ƙarin bayani kan magunguna ana iya duba Bunza, (1990) da Bunza, (2005) da Sallau, (2010) da Sarkin Gulbi, (2014) da Gobir & Sani, (2017).

[11] Wannan ma’ana ta Shehu na da matuƙar kama da ma’anar buki wanda Gusau ya bayar. Ya ce: “Buki ana yin sa don a nuna irin farin cikin da ake da shi ga wani abin farin ciki da ya faru, ko don tunawa da wani abu muhimmi ko don zagayowar wata rana. Biki ko bukukuwa suna daga cikin fitattun al’adun Hausawa waɗanda suka sami asali tun daga kaka da kakanni.” Gusau, (2012 p. 26). Domin ƙarin bayani a kan bukukuwa ana iya duba Bunza, (2013) da Hassan, (2013) da Gada, (2014).

[12] Da zarar an ga amarya kuwa, abin da zai zo zuciya shi ne “bukin aure.” Babajo, (2001: 12) ya rawaito Alhasan na cewa: “Aure alaƙa ce ta halaccin zaman tare tsakanin namiji da mace. Ana yin sa ne saboda abin da aka haifa ya sami asali da mutunci da ɗaukaka da kiwon iyaye.” Domin ƙarin bayani kan auratayyar Hausawa ana iya duba Rambo, (2007) da Faruk, (2011).

[13] A dubi shafin farko na Tsangayar Adabin Hausa: http://tsangayaradabi.blogspot.com/.

[14] Adreshin kafar Wikihausa shi ne: https://wikihausa.com.ng/.

[15] National Open University of Nigeria

[16] An samu wannan bayani a hirar da aka yi da Dr. Yahaya Idris a ofishinsa da ke Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Usumanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato.

[17] A nan sakamakon ya yi canjaras da tunani irin na Pulatoriyya. Ɗakunan karatun intanet ba a kallon su (duk da ma ana iya kallon littattafai da sauran kayan karatun yayin da aka Hausa da intanet). A wuraren da suka ci gaba, idan aka ce ɗakin karatu na da littattafai miliyan goma, wataƙila miliyan bakwai duka a kan intanet suke. Da za a zo a lissafa, za a yi mamakin ina miliyan bakwai ɗin suka shiga. Lallai kuwa suna duniyar intanet.

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