Hukuncin Yin Sadaka Da Dukiyar Miji Ba Tare Da Izininsa Ba?

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Shin ko ya halatta Mace ta ɗauki wani abu a dukiyar Mijinta ta yi sadaka ko kyauta da shi ba tare da izininsa ba?

𝐀𝐌𝐒𝐀❗️

Dangane da hukuncin cewa Mace taɗauki wani abu daga cikin dukiyar Mijinta ta yi tasarrufinta cikin wani aikin alkhairi kamar Sadaƙa, Kyauta, Taimakon Mabuƙaci, dadai sauransu, Malamai suka ce hukuncin yin tasarrufi da dukiyar Mai-Gida ya kasune cikin halayene kamar guda uku:

1. Hali na Ɗaya shi ne, idan ya kasance dama Miji yayiwa Matarsa izini abayyane cewa ta yi tasarrafi acikin dukiyarsa gwargwadon yadda yadace, to anan babu wani Ishkali (Rikitarwa) acikinsa, danhaka kai tsaye ya halatta ta iyayin sadaka daga cikin dukiyarsa, domin Mαиzoи Aʟʟαн(ﷺ) ya ce: Baya halatta ga Mace ta yi kyauta (da dukiyar mijinta) Sai in da izinin Mijin nata.

2. Hali na Biyu shi ne, ya kasance abayyane dama Miji ya hana Matarsa ta yi tasarrufi acikin dukiyarsa, to shima wannan babu wani Ishkali (Rikitarwa) acikinsa gameda cewa kai tsaye haramun ne Mace taɗauki wani abu acikin dukiyar Mijinta ta yi Sadaƙa ko Kyauta da shi tunda ya hanata, saboda Aηηαвι(ﷺ) ya ce: Baya halatta (ayi tasarrufi da) dukiyar Mutum sai in da daɗin ransa (yardarsa)

3. Hali na uku kuma shi ne, ya kasance abayyane Miji bai bawa Matarsa izinin ta yi tasarrufi cikin dukiyarsa ba, haka kuma azahiri baifito fili ya hanata ba, wato shidai bai hana ba Sannan kuma baice ayiba, to dangane da wannan hali na uku sai Malamai sukayi Saɓani akansa, Wani Sashe daga cikin Malamai sukatafi akan cewa ya halatta Mace ta yi tasarrufi acikin dukiyar Mijinta, za ta iya bada Sadaƙa ko Kyauta daga ciki gwargwadon abinda ba zai zama ɓarna da dukiyarba ko ya tozartar da'ita, danhaka za tayine daidai gwargwadon (Urfi) bisaga yanayin yadda koda Mijinta yaji labari ba zai damuba, Misali kamar idan yakasance abisa ga al'adar yanayin yadda akasaba gani a garinsu idan wani Almajiri ko Mabuƙaci yazo yana neman taimako galibi akan bashi daga ₦1000 zuwa ƙasa da haka a Misali, to babu laifi tabayar da hakan, amma idan taɗauki ₦10,000 ko ₦100,000 tabayar ko shakka babu tawuce gona da iri, amma idan tayine daidai yadda yadace to shikenan babu laifi, sai dai in dama tasan halayyar Mijinta Mutum ne da bayason ataɓa masa dukiya danhaka koda ta bayar idan yaji labari zai nuna damuwarsa, to anan haramun ne Mace tadauki wani abu nasa komai kankantarsa ta yi sadaka da shi.

Daga cikin Dalilan Malaman da suka ce ya halatta Mace ta yi tasarrufi batare da izinin Mijintaba sunkafa Hujja da wannan Hadisi na Mαиzoи Aʟʟαн(ﷺ) da yake cewa: Idan Mace ta ciyar daga ɗakin (dukiyar) Mijinta batare da ta yi ɓarnaba to tana da lada shima kuma yana da lada

Awata ruwayar aka ce: "Ta kasance tana da lada saboda kyakkyawar niyyarta, haka nan mai dukiyar shima yana lada misalin haka"

Sai dai wasu daga cikin Malamai suntafine akan cewa idan yakasance Miji baifito fili ya ce tayiba haka kuma baifito fili ya hanataba, suka ce to bai halatta ba ta ɗauka ta bayar dole sai in tanemi izininsa, idan kuma tadauka to ta aikata haramun kuma sai tabiyashi aranar Kiyama, daga cikin Dalilansu sunkafa Hujja da wannan Hadisi na Aηηαвι(ﷺ) da yake cewa: Kada Mace taciyar da wani abu daga ɗakin (dukiya) Mijinta sai da izinin Mijinta, sai aka ce Ya Ma'aikin Aʟʟαн(ﷺ) koda abincine tabayar? Sai ya ce to ai wannan (abincin) shi ne mafi falala acikin dukiyoyinmu.

Amma magana mafi rinjaye acikin zantukan da Malamai sukayi ita ce, idan yakasance Miji bai hanaba kuma baice ayiba, to ya halatta Mace ta yi Sadaka da daidai gwargwadon abinda zuciya bazatayi ƙyashin abayar da shiba.

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HUKUNCIN MACE TA YI SADAKA DA DUKIYAR MIJINTA BA TARE DA IZININSA BA

Tambaya:

Shin ya halatta mace ta ɗauki wani abu daga dukiyar mijinta ta yi sadaka ko ta bayar da kyauta ba tare da izinin mijin ba?

Amsa

Malamai sun kasu kashi uku dangane da mace da yin tasarrufi a cikin dukiyar mijinta:

➊ Idan mijin ya ba ta izini a fili

Idan mijin ya bayyana izini ya ce:

“Ki rika bayarwa idan kina so.”

ko kuwa al’adarsu ta nuna hakan

To wannan halal ne gaba ɗaya.

Dalili:

Annabi ﷺ ya ce:

لَا يَحِلُّ لِامْرَأَةٍ أَنْ تُعْطِيَ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا

(“Ba ya halatta mace ta yi kyauta daga gidan mijinta sai da izinin mijinta.”)

— Tirmidhi, 671; Abu Dawud, 3565.

A nan idan izini ya wanzu, to babu matsala.

➋ Idan mijin ya hana a fili

Idan mijin ya yi hani kai tsaye, ya ce:

“Kada ki rika ba kowa komai daga gidana.”

To haramun ne ta ɗauki wani abu daga dukiyarsa ta bayar.

Dalili:

Manzon Allah ﷺ ya ce:

لَا يَحِلُّ مَالُ امْرِئٍ إِلَّا بِطِيبِ نَفْسِهِ

(“Ba ya halatta a ɗauki dukiyar mutum sai da yardarsa.”)

— Ahmad 20172; Daraqutni.

Anan hukuncin haramun ne, domin akwai bayyani na hani.

➌ Idan mijin bai ce ayi ba kuma bai hana ba (shiru ya yi)

Wannan shi ne halin da malamai suka tattauna da tsawo.

Malamai sun kasu gida biyu:

A. Wasu malamai sun ce: haramun ne sai da izini

Saboda hadisin:

لَا تُنْفِقِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا

(“Kada mace ta yi ciyarwa daga gidansa mijinta sai da izinin sa.”)

Suka ce, tunda hadisin ya yi umarnin izini, to ba ta isa ta bayar da kanta ba.

B. Mafi rinjayen malamai (jumhūr): ya halatta a ƙaramin abu ne kawai

Shi ne ra’ayin Mazhabin Malikiyya, Shafi’iyya, da Hanbaliyya, kuma shine abin da ya fi ƙarfi.

Sun ce:

Idan abin da mace ta dauka ba ɓarna ba ne,

kuma urfi (al’ada) ya nuna mijinta ba zai damu da haka ba,

musamman a ƙananan abubuwa kamar abinci ko ƙaramin kuɗi,

To halal ne.

Dalili:

Hadisin Aisha r.a:

إِذَا أَنْفَقَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنْ طَعَامِ بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا غَيْرَ مُفْسِدَةٍ كَانَ لَهَا أَجْرُهَا، وَلَهُ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ

(“Idan mace ta ciyar da wani abu daga gidan mijinta ba tare da ta yi barna ba, ita tana da lada, shi ma yana da lada.”)

— Bukhari (5364), Muslim (1024).

Wannan hadisin ya nuna:

Sadaka daga mamallakin dukiya babu barna → halal

Kuma mijin ma ya sami lada domin niyyarsa ta kyautatawa

Misalai

✓ Idan mace ta ba wa almajiri ₦200 ko ta ba wa ɗan uwanta abinci kaɗan → Halal

(idan al’adar gidan ta yarda da haka)

✗ Idan ta bai wa wani ₦20,000 ko ta bayar da kayan da mijin ba ya so → Haramun

✗ Idan ta san mijinta mutum ne mai tsananin tsare dukiya →

haramun ne, ko da kuwa abin kaɗan ne.

Kammalawa

Idan ya ba da izini → Halal

Idan ya hana → Haram

Idan bai hana ba kuma bai izini ba:

Ƙananan abubuwa na al’ada → Halal (mafi rinjaye).

Duk abin da mijin zai damu da shi → Haram.

Ka’ida:

Abin da zuciya ba za ta yi rashin jin daɗi ba idan mijin ya ji, to halal ne.

Amma idan zai ji haushi → ba halal ba ne.