Muhimmancin Sana’o’in Matan Hausawa Wajen Bunƙasa Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasar Hausa

Published in Al-iitsham Journal of Humanities, an Educational, Cultural and Disciplinary Journal of Al-Ƙalam University, Katsina, 9^th Edition, 2019, page 58 – 65, ISSN: 5021 1819.

Muhimmancin Sana’o’in Matan Hausawa Wajen Bunƙasa Tattalin Arzikin Ƙasar Hausa

English Rendition as, The Importance of Women’s Crafts and Occupations in the Promotion of Economic Actiɓities of Hausa Land

Bashir Aliyu Sallau, Ph. D.
Executive Director
Katsina State History and Culture Bureau

1.0       Gabatarwa

Annabi Muhammadu, tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata a gare shi, ya ce, “Hakika Allah na son mumini mai yin sana’a”. Ya kuma cewa, “Allah Ya sanar da Annabi Adamu sana’a dubu daga cikin sana’o’i”. Ya ce masa”ka gaya wa ‘ya’yanka da zuri’arka, idan ba za su yi haƙuri ba, to su nemi duniya ta hanyar waɗannan sana’o’i, ka da su neme ta, ta hanyar addini, addini na Allah ne kawai”. Ya kuma ce, “ku gyara duniyarku, kuma ku yi aiki na alheri don gyara lahirarku. Bayani ya Ainganta kan cewa, kowane daga cikin Annabawa, Allah Ya yarda da su, suna da sana’ar da suke rayuwa da ita. Annabi Adamu manomi ne kuma masaƙi. Matarsa Hauwa’u ita kuma kaɗi take yi. Annabi Idrisu maɗunki ne kuma gwanin rubutu. Shi kuma Annabi Nuhu da Annabi Zakariya’u kafintoci ne. Annabi Salihu ɗan kasuwa ne, Annabi Ibrahim manomi ne kuma kafinta. Haka Annabi Ayyuba noma ne sana’arsa. Annabi Dawuda kuwa maƙeri ne. Shi kuma Annabi Suleman cinikin kabar dabino ne sana’arsa. Shi kuwa Annabi Musa da Annabi Shu’aibu da Annabi Muhammadu, tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata a gare shi, dukkansu makiyaya ne (Gusau, 2004 :1).

Wannan bayani da ya gabata ya bayyana mana cewa, bunƙasar kowace al’umma na tafiya ne dangane da irin yadda ‘ya’yan wannan al’umma suka yi riƙo da sana’o’in da suka gada iyaye da kakanni.

2.0       Sana’o’i da Muhimmancinsu a Wajen Hausawa

Masana da manazarta da ɗalibai irin su Alhassan da wasu (1982), Ibrahim (1987), Sallau (2010, 2012), sun kawo bayanai a kan sana’a dangane da ma’anarta, rabe – rabenta da yadda ake gudanar da ita musamman tsakanin su Hausawa yaka-junansu da kuma maƙwabtansu na kusa da na nesa.

Ƙasar Hausa kamar kowace ƙasa tana da hanyoyin da suke taimaka wa tattalin arzikinta bunƙasa. Idan aka dubi waɗannan hanyoyin tattalin arziki za a ga akwai waɗanda aka gada tun daga iyaye da kakanni kamar noma da kiwo da fatauci da sana’o’in gargajiya. Bayan waɗannan sana’o’i waɗanda mafi yawancinsu maza ne suke aiwatar da su, akwai waɗanda mata ne kawai suke yin su kamar kaɗi, wanda ake yi don samar da zare da abawa ga masu yin sana’ar saƙa. Haka kuma, mata ne suke yin sana’ar kitso ga ‘yan’uwansu mata. Suna yin salon kitso iri-iri don yin kwalliya ga kan mata wanda yake ƙara masu kyau da jawo hankalin maza. Akwai kuma sana’ar dakau wadda mata suke amso hatsi don yin dakau na fura ko garin da za a yi amfani da shi don yin abinci. Haka kuma, akwai sana’ar ƙunshi wadda ake amfani da lalle don yin kwalliya a ƙafa da hannuwan mata. Waɗannan sana’o’i na mata suna taimaka masu yin hidimominsu na yau da kullum da kuma yin bikin dangi ba tare da sun dogara kan wani ba.

Bayansu, akwai waɗanda aka samu sakamakon cuɗanyar Hausawa da wasu baƙin al’umma kamar makanikanci da kafinta da ɗunkin keke da ginin bulo na siminti da sauransu.

 

2. 1 Sana’o’in Matan Hausawa da Bunƙasarsu Jiya da Yau

Tarihi ya bayyana cewa, tun kafin shigowar addinin Musulunci ƙasar Hausa, matan Hausawa ba ragaye ba ne, don kuwa mafi yawancin aikin gida da na gona tare da su ake yi. Kafin Zuwan addinin Musulunci ba a tsare matan Hausawa. Wannan dalili ne ya sa kowace mace, tana da ‘yancin fita gidan mijinta ba tare da ta nemi izininsa ba domin yin kowane irin aiki musamman abin da ya danganci zumunci da yin sana’o’i.

Dangane da wannan nazari a iya cewa, a jiya matan Hausawa sun shahara a sana’o’i daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da koda da kitso da ƙumshi da noma da kiwo da fatauci da saƙa da sauransu. A yau kuma sakamakon shigowar baƙi ƙasar Hausa, matan Hausawa sun ƙara bunƙasa waɗannan sana’o’i da suka gada yadda za su tafi daidai da zamani. A nan ba za a yi wani cikakken bayanin ire-iren sana’o’in da matan Hausawa suka gudanar ko suke gudanarwa a yau ba. Dalili kuwa shi ne, an gudanar da nazarce-nazarce masu ɗinbin yawa a wannan fanni. Sake kawo su kamar maimaici ne. Abin da za a yi a nan shi ne, a kawo misali kan wasu matan Hausawa waɗanda suka shahara ta fuskar kasuwanci a jiya don su zama abin koyi ga matan wannan zamani. Matar da za a ba da misali, ita ce, Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika Darma.

Fatsima Ɓaika Darma an haife ta a Unguwar Darma ta cikin birnin Katsina a cikin shekara ta 1886. Mahaifanta sun aurar da ita ga ɗan uwanta Abubakar wanda aka fi sani da sunan Abba Saude. Jikokinta ne suka laƙaba mata sunan Ɓaika saboda ba su iya furta sunan Fatsima. Allah cikin ikonsa Ya bunƙasa kasuwancin Ɓaika inda ta shahara ƙwarai da gaske ta fannin kasuwanci. Wannan bunƙasa da shahara da ta samu ya kai ta ga zama babbar ‘yar kasuwa a ciki da wajen ƙasar da a yau ake kira Tarayyar Nijeriya, don kuwa kasuwancinta ya kai har ƙasashen Turai. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Farko da na Biyu, Fatsima Ɓaika, tana daga cikin ‘yan kasuwa waɗanda suka riƙa kai wa sojoji abinci ta hanyar N. A. ta Katsina ƙarƙashin kulawar Gwamnatin Biritaniya.

Fatsima Ɓaika ita ce mace ta farko a duk Lardin Katsina da ta fara sayen babbar mota ta ɗaukar kaya, kuma ita ce mace ta farko wadda ta fara kafa kamfani wanda ta sanya wa sunan Katsinawa Trading Company ƙarƙashin shugabancin ɗanta mai suna Raben Ɓaika. Wannan Kamfani na Katsinawa Trading Company, shi ne Kamfani na farko wanda ya fara sufurin Mahajjata zuwa Makka a shekara ta 1942. Ɓaika ta sami cikakken lasisin saye-da-sayarwa a faɗin Arewacin Nijeriya, inda ta bai wa babban ɗanta Madugu, shugabancin wannan kamfani. Fatsima Ɓaika ba a nan ta tsaya ba, don kuwa ta bunƙasa kasuwancin auduga da gyaɗa, fatu da ƙiraga a Lardin Katsina. Haka kuma, ta shahara wajen fataucin goro daga Gwanja zuwa Katsina zuwa Kano da sauran garuruwan ƙasar Hausa. Waɗanda take hulɗar kasuwanci da su sun haɗa da Abu Ƙyahi Ƙofar Sauri da iyalan Abu-alghaiz da iyalan Madugu Indo na Bindawa da sauransu.

Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika tana cikin ‘yan kasuwar da suka riƙa musayar kuɗi da Turawa inda suka bayar da Wuri ana ba su takardun kuɗi na Fam da sulalla waɗanda Turawa suka kawo a shekara ta 1930. Haka kuma, ta riƙa ba N. A. ta Katsina rancen kuɗi don su biya ma’aikata albashi da biyan ‘yan kwangila. Hajiya Ɓaika ta kasance mai taimaka wa al’umma don kuwa ita ce ta farko a duk faɗin Lardin Katsina daga maza har mata wadda ta fara kafa makarantar koyon karatun Al’ƙur’ani a unguwar Darma Katsina, wadda a yanzu ake kira AD Saude Memorial Islamiyya and Nursery/Primary School Darma.

Allah Ya yi wa Hajiya Fatsima Ɓaika rasuwa a cikin shekara ta 1965. Daga cikin ‘ya’yanta akwai Magudu, wato mahaifin Alhaji Ali Madugu Darma, da Raben Ɓaika, wato mahaifin Injiniya Muntaƙa Rabe Darma, da Alhaji Dahiru Saude, wato mahaifin marigayi Alhaji Miƙdad A. D. Saude da kuma Alhaji Muhammadu A. D. Saude, mai shagon sayar da littattafai na Rumbun Hatsi da ke Katsina (Who is Who in Katsina; 2018:364).

A yau akwai mata masu ɗimbin yawa a faɗin ƙasar Hausa waɗanda suke ba da gagurumar gudummuwa ta fuskar kasuwanci da sauran sana’o’i waɗanda suka taimaka matuƙa wajen bunƙasa tattalin ƙasar Hausa. A wannan takarda yana da matuƙar wuya a lissafa su, amma duk da haka ga kaɗan daga cikinsu:

 

2.1.1        Saye da Sayarwa

Akwai mata masu ɗimbin yawa a ƙasar Hausa waɗanda suka shahara a ɓangaren saye da sayarwa Daga cikinsu akwai:

(i)                 Hajiya Halima Zubairu Ɗanmusa. Tana saye da sayar da kayan ɗaki da na kicin, waɗanda take saye a nan gida da ƙasashen waje.

(ii)              Hajiya Hadiza Ibrahim Katsina. Tana sayar da atamfa da shadda na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.

(iii)            Hajiya Umma Murnai Katsina. Tana sayar da kayan gyaran mata da na ƙunshi da dilka.

(iv)             Hajiya Amina Lilus Katsina. Tana sayar da kayan ɗaki na gida da na waje da kuma kayan Abinci, su ma na gida da na waje.

(v)               Hajiya Fatima Bello Mahmood Kano. Tana sayar da kayan maza yara da manya.

(vi)             Hajiya Hajara Yusuf Maigishiri Agadasawa Kano. Tana sayar da kayan yara.

(vii)          Hajiya Amina Tanko Abubakar Kaduna. Tana sayar da kayan kicin a Mangal Plaza Kaduna.

(viii)        Hajiya Maryam Garba (Mother) Suleja. Tana sayar da kayan sa abinci ƙamshi da abincin Tafi-da-shi-gidanka (Takeaway) a Maryam Spices a garin Suleja.

(ix)             Zainab Mukhtar Mahmood Abuja wadda take sayar da kayan kicin da Abincin Tafi-da-shi-Gidanka.

(x)               Hajiya Habiba China wadda take sayar da kayan ƙawata gida waɗanda suka haɗa da gadaje da kujeru da sauransu, na gida da na ƙasashen waje a Birnin-Kebbi.

(xi)             Hajiya Hassu Wangam Mai’Awo Rafin – Daɗi, Katsina.

 

2. 1. 2 Sauran Sana’o’i

Bayan saye da sayarwa wasu matan Hausawa sun shahara a wasu sana’o’in a garuruwa daban-daban na ƙasar Hausa waɗanda suka haɗa da:

                    i.         Hajiya Ade Maimakaroni Gwangwan, Katsina. Ta shahara wajen dafa abincin sayarwa musamman makaroni. Dukkan wanda yake son fita kunya ga baƙonsa wajenta yake zuwa don sayen makaroni da miya.

                  ii.         Hajiya Hauwa Ibrahim Yaga Katsina. Tana yin sana’ar kitso da ƙunshi da dilka.

                   iii.Hajiya Sardau Filin-Bugu Katsina. Tana yin ƙunshi.

                   iv.Hajiya Rakiya Mai’Alkubus Filin Pipes Katsina. Ta shahara wajen dafa Alkubus.

                     v.Hajiya Rafi’a Idris Katsina. Tana yin ɗinki na mata yara da manya.

                   vi.Hajiya A’isha Mai Saloon Zariya. Tana sana’ar gyaran gashin kan mata.

                 vii.Hajiyalle Kano, tana sana’ar yin gurasa ta sayar wa masu sari.

               viii.Anti Kande Kaduna, tana yin sanar ɗinki na mata yara da ƙanana.

                   ix.   Hajiya Hauwa Mai ƙunshi Katsina, tana yin ƙunshi da sayar da ƙayan yin ƙunshi da turaren wuta.

                     x.   Ashibo Maiƙosai ‘Yar’aduwa, Katsina.

                   xi.   Hajiya Untu Mai’Alkaki Masanawa Katsina

                 xii.   Hajiya Auta Katsina, tana sayar da kayan wanke kwanoni da ban ɗaki da tayil da kuma turaren ƙamshi na fesawa a cikin ɗaki da ban ɗaki.

               xiii.   Hajiya A’isha Yahaya Katsina, tana yin sana’ar ɗinki na mata yara da manya.

               xiv.   Hajiya Asibi Ƙwaya Mai’Alkubus, Masanawa Katsina.

                 xv.   Hajiya Larai Maiɗanwake Filin – Bugu, Katsina.

               xvi.   Dada Maidafaffar Dawa Rafukka Katsina.

             xvii.   Hajiya Binta A Sha Giya, Mai Abinci Sabon-Layi Katsina.

           xviii.   Hajiya Ade Maikoko ‘Yar’aduwa Katsina.

               xix.   Hajiya Rabi Yahaya Katsina, tana yin sana’ar ɗinki na mata yara da manya.

                 xx.   Marigayiya Kaka mai waina Zariya.

               xxi.   Hajiya Binta Zabiya Maigaraya Katsina.

             xxii.   Hajiya Barmani Choge Mai’Amada Funtuwa.

           xxiii.   Maikuɗi Dadin-Kowa Maroƙiya Tudun-Wada, Katsina.

 

3. 1 Matsayin Sana’o’i a Shari’ar Addinin Musulunci.

Kamar yadda bayanai suka gabata, matan Hausa sun shahara ta fuskar sana’o’i da saye da sayarwa. Kasancewar mafi yawanci matan Hausawa mabiya addinin Musulunci ne, ya zama dole a faɗakar da su matsayin waɗannan sana’o’i da suke yi ta fuskar shari’ar addinin Musulunci.

Manzon Allah, tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata a gare shi, ya ce, “zaman banza ta hanyar kin neman halal, da rashin yin wata ibada don gobe ƙiyama, na bushe zuciya” (Gusau, 2004 :1).

Manzon Allah, tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata a gare shi, ya yi cikakkaken bayani a kan muhimmanci sana’a a wajen al’ummar Musulmi, inda ya ce:

“An samo daga Ɗan Abbas, Allah Ya ƙara yarda da shi,

cewa, wani mutum ya zo wurin Manzon Allah, tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata a gare shi, ya ce, Ya Manzon Allah, me za ka ce kan sana’ata? Manzon Allah Ya ce, wace ce sana’arku? Ya ce ni masaƙi ne. Sai Manzon Allah, ya ce masa, sana’arku ita ce sana’ar ubanmu Adamu, Allah Ya ƙara salama a kansa” (Gusau, 2004 :2).

 Dangane da haka, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga dukkan mai yin kowace irin sana’a ya ji tsoron Allah, kuma ya yi biyayya ga dukkan hukunce-hukuncen da shari’a ta tsara wajen gudanar da kowace irin sana’a da hulɗatayya.

3. 2 Muhimmancin Saana’o’in Matan Hausawa a Wannan Zamani

A wannan zamani sana’o’in da matan Hausawa suke gudanarwa na da matuƙar muhimmanci wajen maganin zaman banza. A iya ganin haka ta fuskoki daban – daban.

Da farko yin sana’a a wajen matar Bahaushe zai taimaka mata ta biya wa kanta bukatun rayuwarta na yau da kullum ba tare da ta dogara ga mijinta ko mahaifinta ko wani ɗan’uwa ya yi mata ba.

Haka kuma, dukkan matar da ta kasance tana da sana’ar da take yi, za ta sami abin yin bikin dangi da taimaka wa ‘ya’yanta da ‘yan’uwanta. A wani lokaci har ma ta taimaka wa mijinta da danginsa.

Yin wasu sana’o’i na mata yana taimaka wa wasu mata ɗaukar ma’aikata maza da mata don yin aiki a ƙarƙashinsu. Waɗanda aka ɗauka aikin kan sami abin yi don biyan bukatun rayuwarsu na yau da kullum.

 

Kammalawa

Mata suna da gudummuwa mai ɗinbin yawa wadda suke ba al’umma a gida da kuma waje. Duk da kasancewar su ke kula da ‘ya’ya a cikin gida, wannan bai hana su yin sana’o’in da za su taimaka wa kansu da ‘ya’yansa da mazansu na aure da mahaifansu da danginsu da maƙwabtansu da dukkan al’ummar Musulmi ba. A wannan zamani ya zama dole ga mata su ƙara tashi tsaye don neman ilimin addini da na zamani da kuma yin sana’o’i don kare mutuncinsu da na zuri’arsu baki ɗaya. Dangane da haka, mata ku tashi tsaye domin neman abubuwan da za su taimaka wa rayuwarku da ta ‘ya’yanku da dukkan al’ummar ƙasar Hausa da Tarayyar Nijeriya.

 

Manazarta

Alhassan, H. da wasu, (1982) Zaman Hausawa. Zaria: Institute of Education Press, ABU.

Gusau, A. R. (2004) Faɗakar da Al’umma a kan Riƙo da Sana’a. Kano: Farin Batu Digital Press.

Ibrahim, M. S. (1987) “Gudummuwar Sana’o’in Gargajiya na Hausa Wajen Farfaɗo da Tattalin Arzikin Nijeriya”, Maƙala: Kano. International Conference on Language, Literature and Culture, Organised by the Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University.

Katsina State History and Culture Bureau (2018), Who is Who in Katsina State, Vol. 1, Unpublished.

Nababa, I. D. (1997) Katsina State Historical Guide II: Crafts Deɓelopment, Produced by the Katsina State History and Culture Bureau: Katsina. Government Printer.

Sallau, B. A. , Wanzanci da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Hausawa,  (2010) , ISBN: 978 – 978 – 48604 – 2 – 0, Designed and Printed by M. A. Najiu Professional Printers, No. 3 Kenya Road, Malali, Kaduna.

Sallau, B. A. , “Matsayin Sana’o’in Gargajiya na Hausawa Jiya da Yau. Ƙalubale ga Matasan Wannan Zamani”, (2012), a Cikin, Champion of Hausa Cikin Hausa, A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Ɗalhatu Muhammad, Published by the Department of African Languages and Cultures, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Page 480 – 491.

Sallau, B. A. , “Tarbiyyar Hausawa a Mahangar Ruwan Bagaja”, HUMANITIES IN THE SUB-SAHARAN WORLD (University of Cairo/ Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Special Research in Humanities) RUWAN BAGAJA IN PERSPECTIƁES: (Eight Decades of a Hausa Masterpiece in Prose 1933-2013), page 393 – 411.

Sallau, B. A. , “Negligence of Traditional Occupations as Contributory Factor in Youth Unemployment in Northern Nigeria”, an article published in Journal of African Culture and International Understanding, No. 7 January – March, 2014, a UNESCO Category 2 Institute at the Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library, Abeokuta, Nigeria, page 26 – 31. The Journal is also aɓailable online at: www. iaciu-oopl. org

Sallau, B. A.  “Colonization of Crafts and Occupations in Northern Nigeria: An Assessment of Wanzanci Craft after Colonialism”, an Article Published in KADAURA, Journal of Hausa Multidisciplinary Studies, Vol. 1. No. 3, September, 2017, page 17 – 23. ISSN: 2536-7609.