Daga:
Isa Yusuf Chamo
Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya
Jami’ar Bayero,
1.1 Gabatarwa
Fim abu ne mai gajaren tarihi idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran ɓangarori na adabin zamani. Misali waƙa da rubutun zube. A wajen Hausawa wasan kwaikwayo shi ne tushen samuwar finafinan bidiyo na Hausa, domin shi aka fara aiwatarwa a dandali kafin a sami na’urar ɗaukar hoto ta majigi wadda daga baya kuma aka sami gidajen talabijin da na’urar bidiyo da ake amfani da ita a yau. Dangane da fim wanda aka fara aiwatarwa a harshen Hausa kuwa shi ne “Baban Larai”. Abdulƙadir (1988: 24).
Finfinan Hausa na bidiyo kuwa, an fara samun
su ne daga shekarar 1980 zuwa 1984. Sakamakon irin hoɓɓasar da ƙungiyoyin
marubuta litatttafai da na wasan kwaikwayo na dandamali da na wasan motsa jiki
(kareti), suka fara jarraba shiryawa. A shekarar 1990 ƙungiyar Tumbin Giwa ta
shirya wani fim mai suna Turmin Danya. To sai kuma a shekarar 1994 suka sake
shirya fim ɗin “Gimbiya Fatima”. Kamfanin Gidan Dabino ya shirya In da so da
Ƙauna a 1994. Samuwar waɗannan finafinai da wasunsu shi ne ginshiƙin da ya
ba wa kamfanoni da ƙungiyoyin ƙasar nan damar yin finafinan Hausa.
A wannan takarda an yi nazari ne, sannan aka fito da nau’o’in saƙonni waɗanda ake ƙulluawa a cikin zubin finafinan Hausa. Domin haka, manufar wannsan takarda ita ce fito da wasu jigogi na finafinan Hausa da kuma bayaninsu tare da kafa hujjoji da misalai daga finafinan Hausa.
1.2
Ma’anar
Kalmar
jigo tana da ma’anoni guda biyu wato ma’ana ta lugga da kuma wadda aka ba wani
fannin ilimi da ake kira da Larabci ‘isdillahi’.
Jigo a luggance na nufin abin da ake amfani da
shi wajen ban ruwa a lambu. Ganin muhimmancin da jigo yake da shi wajen ban
ruwa wadda idan babu shi babu ban ruwa, ya sa manazarta suka yi amfani da
Malamai da manazarta da kuma ɗalibai sun
bayyana ma’anar jigo ta lugga ko isdilahi a rubuce-rubucen da suka yi. Alal
misali:
Ɗangambo, (1981:6) cewa ya yi “Jigo shi ne saƙo
ko manufa ko abin da waƙa ta ƙunsa, wato abin da take magana a kai”.
Gusau (1983:142) Ya bayyana Jigo da cewa “shi
ne saƙo wato ainahin gundarin saƙon da waƙa take ɗauke da shi”.
Shi ma Muktar (1984:1) Ya ce “Jigo wani abu ne
da aka yi ko kuma ake so a sadar da wannan ƙuduri ga wani ko wasu, domin wanda
aka sadarwa da wannan ƙuduri ya yi aiki da shi, ko kuma ya zamana yana sane da
wannan abu shi ma”.
Buhari (1988:26) Ya bayyana jigo da “Duk wani
saƙo ko manufa da marubuci ke so ya isar ko ya gabatar, shi ne jigonsa. Lallai
ne wanda duk ya yi irin wannan rubutu ya zamana yana da manufa. Manufar nan ita
ce ginshiƙin rubutun shi jigo”.
Sai kuma Halima, Ɗ. (2002:25) ta bayyana jigo
da cewa “Madogari da madosar da ake son nusarwa ga jama’a wadda hakan yana iya
zama gyara da kuma maganganu a cikin al’umma baki ɗaya don amfanin gaba”.
Idan aka duba za a fahimci cewa waɗannan ma’anoni da malamai da manazarta suka bayar kusan abu ɗaya suke magana a kai, sai dai bambancin kalmomi da zurfin zaɓensu na kowane malami ko manazarci ne suke daɗa fito da ma’anar ko daɗa armasa ta.
Jigo a fim na Hausa, kai tsaye yana nufin saƙon da aka sarƙa a zubin labari na fim. Abu ne wanda aka yi wa mutane ishara da a kansa ake son su koyi wani darasi daga abin da aka nuna abin nishaɗi a kansa. Haka kuma jigo ra’ayi ne wadda manazarci zai iya bayyanawa da kare kansa ta hanyar fito da wadatattun hujjoji daga fim ɗin da yake nazari a kai.
Muhimman hanyoyin fitar da jigo daga finafinan Hausa
sun haɗa da:
-
kallon fim
-
waƙa
- sunan fim
i)
Kallon Fim
Kallon
fim yana nufin mai nazari ya kalli fim tun daga farkonsa har ya zuwa ƙarshensa.
Ta haka ne za a iya gano saƙon da fim ɗin yake ɗauke da shi. Wannan hanya tana ɗaya
daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin da mutum zai iya yanke hukunci a
ii)
Waƙa
Waƙa
wani zance ne tsararre kuma shiryayye da ake yi da ya bambanta daga magana ko
zance na hira da ake yi domin yabon wani ko wata ko kuma isar da wani saƙo. Waƙa
ma hanya ce da ake iya fayyace jigo a finafinan Hausa daga zubinta, musamman
wasu daga cikin finafinan, manufarsu ba ta fita sai ta hanyar waƙar da take
cikinsu. Misali a cikin fim ɗin Sutura da wuya mutum ya iya gane
takamaiman jigonsa bayan ya gama kallon fim ɗin, domin ɓangarori na rayuwa da
kowannensu za a iya shirya fim a kai, aka gwama su. Amma sai a waƙar ƙarshe ne
jigon ya bayyana kansa inda matan da suka fito a cikin shirin suka bayyana
matsayinsu wato na 'yar masu kuɗi da mai kyau da kuma mace mai ilimi wadda a
cikin shirin aka nuna aurenta ya fi na sauran.
Haka kuma, su ma kansu masu shirya fim sukan sa a rubuta musu waƙa wadda a cikinta za ta bayyana jigon fim kawai. (Sani Sidi Sharifai)
iii)
Sunan Fim
Sunan
fim na nufin laƙabin da aka yi wa wani shiri wanda kuma ake kiransa da shi.
Wasu finafinan
1.3
Nau’o’in Jigo a Finafinan Hausa
A
wannan ɓangare an duba yadda jigo yake fitowa a cikin finafinan Hausa. Akwai
abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ake gina jigon fim a kansu waɗanda suka shafi rayuwar
al’umma daban-daban tun daga zamantakewarsu da ma’amalolinsu da dai sauran hulɗoɗin
rayuwa. An lura a finafinan Hausa a
A wannan ɓangare kuma an zo da rabe-raben jigo a cikin finafinan Hausa tare da kawo misalai daga finafinan da suka dace da kowanne rabo kamar haka:
1.3.1 Jigon Haƙuri
Haƙuri na nufin juriya
da kawaici da ƙin nuna damuwa a kan wasu abubuwan rashin jin daɗi da kuma
da-na-sani. Haƙuri halin manzon allah ne, kuma ya umarci al’ummarsa da su yi
shi. Sakamakon ƙarancinsa a zukatan al’umma ya sa masu shirya finafinan Hausa
suke shirya fim a kansa, domin tunatar da mutane sakamakon wadda yake aikata
shi da kuma illolin rashinsa, don mutane su gyara halayensu.
Misali fim ɗin Haƙuri, an shirya shi ne a
Babban jigon wannan fim shi ne Haƙuri sai dai akwai ƙananan jigogi da aka yi amfani da su wajen gina babban jigon, waɗanda suka haɗa soyayya kamar yadda ta faru tsakanin Aminu da Asma’u da zumunci kamar yadda Lami take yawan ziyarar Asma’u da kuma cin amana kamar yadda Lami ta juya wa Asma’u baya, lokacin da ta sami haihuwa. Sauran misalan finafinan da suke ɗauke da jigon haƙuri sun haɗa da Madadi da Haƙuri Magani da Ƙaddara da Nagari da Duniya da kuma Umarni da sauransu.
1.3.2
Jigon Siyasa
Bisa
lugga
Ƙamus ɗin Turanci na Oɗford, ya fassara siyasa da cewa “hanya ce da mutane
suke mulkar kansu ta dimokraɗiyya.
Mashi (1986:16) ya kalli siyasa bisa isdillahi
fuskoki guda uku. Fuska ta farko ya fassara siyasa da cewa kalma ce ta Girkawa
(politics) wadda ke nufin salo. Fuska ta biyu da ta uku su ne waɗanda Hausawa
suka ba kalmar “siyasa” wadda ke nufin sulhu ko sauƙi, domin ganin cewa siyasa
ta kasance hanya ta lallashi da lallaɓawa da neman goyon baya, ko kuma siyasa
ta zama yaudara da ƙarya saboda yadda 'yan siyasa kan tsara wani labari na
yaudara domin neman biyan buƙata.
Shi kuma Gusau (1995:13) ya bayyana siyasa da
cewa “hanya ce wadda ake amfani da hankali da lafazi mai daɗi a jawo ra’ayin
mutane zuwa ga kyautata rayuwarsu. Ta haka ne siyasa ta ƙunshi tsarin tafiyar
da mutane, da matsalolinsu da ra’ayoyinsu har ta zama hanyar mulki bisa
tafarkin dimokraɗiyya”.
Kuma ta ita ne ake zaɓen shugabannin bayan
kowanne shekaru huɗu. Sannan duk finafinan da aka shirya masu jigon siyasa suna
koyarwa ne ko hannunka-mai-sanda ga 'yan siyasa da su gyara halayensu na
babakere da almundahana da dukiyar al’umma, su rungumi adalci da kwatanta
gaskiya.
Misali fim ɗin Mahandama wadda kamfanin
Mandawari enterprises ya shirya, yana da jigon siyasa kamar yadda aka nuna a
fim ɗin, mun ga yadda Gwamna da sakataren gwamnati da kwamishinoni da matayensu
suke wacaka da dukiyar al’umma, ban da wani kwamishina guda ɗaya na ayyuka wato
Ibrahim Mandawari. Da kuma yadda Ibrahim Mandawari ya tsaya takarar gwamna da
zaɓe ya zagayo ya kuma ci saboda kyawawan halayensa na kamanta gaskiya.
Babban jigon wannan fim shi ne siyasa sai dai
akwai ƙananan jigogi da aka gano a cikin fim ɗin waɗanda suka haɗa da soyayya
kamar yadda ta faru tsakanin 'yar tsohon gwamna da ɗan sabon gwamna, da muhimmancin
riƙe gaskiya kamar yadda kwamishinan ayyuka ya yi da kuma facaka da dukiyar
al’umma kamar yadda 'yan siyasa da matansu suka yi.
Sauran misalan finafinan da ke ɗauke da irin
wannan jigo na siyasa sun haɗa da siyasa da Dare Ɗaya da kuma Gaskiya
Dokin Ƙarfe.
1.3.3
Jigon Soyayya
Masana da ɗalibai sun yi ta ƙoƙarin bayyana ko
bayanin ma’anar so. Sa’id B. (1982:1-6) cewa ya yi “wani ɗarsashi ne zaunanne a
cikin zukatan halittu wanda yakan bayyana a sakamakon bege ko ƙauna ko sha’awa.
So yakan sa abu ya kwanta a zuciya a ji ana matuƙar muradinsa.
Gusau (1995:15) ya bayyana soyayya da cewa “So
da ke aukuwa tsakanin masoya guda biyu inda za su dinga ƙaunar juna, suna masu
begen saduwa da juna”.
Buhari (1988:47) ya bayyana soyayya da “wani
hali ne na ƙauna da mutane biyu
Sa’id (1982:8) ya karkasa soyayya zuwa kaso
shida kamar haka:
i)
Son da ke tsakanin mutum da
Ubangijinsa Mahalicci.
ii)
Son da ake yi wa annabawa musamman
annabi Muhammadu mai tsira da aminci.
iii)
Ƙaunar da ke tsakanin uwa ko uba da
'ya’yansu ko kuma akasi.
iɓ) Son da mace ke
yi wa namiji ko wanda namiji ke yi wa mace.
ɓ) Ƙaunar da ke tsakanin abokai maza ko ƙawaye mata.
vi)
So irin na ɗabi’a wanda mutum yake
yi wa wani abu kamar doki ko wata dabba ko makami ko wani wasa na motsa jiki ko
dai wani mutum haka don kawai ra’ayinsa.
Bayan haka
Sa’id (1982:9) ya ƙara bayyana wasu sigogi na soyayya da suka haɗa da:
-
Soyayya mafificiya – wato wadda ake
musayarta tsakanin masoya biyu (kana so ina so)
-
Soyayya mafi tsarki wato wadda babu
batsa a cikinta. Soyayya ce tsantsa ba tare da tunani ko buƙatar saduwa ta jiki
ba.
-
Soyayya gurguwa – Wato wadda ɓangare
ɗaya yana matuƙar so, amma ya kasa bayyana son a wajen namiji ko wajen mace.
-
Soyayya mafi muni – Wato wadda ɓangare
ɗaya kawai ke so ɗayan ba ya so (wato yana so, ba ta so, ko tana so, shi ba ya
so).
Dangane da irin soyayyar da ake nunawa a
finafinan Hausa ta shafi kaso na biyu wato soyayya tsakanin mace da namiji da
soyayya mafi muni wadda ɓangare ɗaya kawai ke so ɗayan ba ya so, da kuma
soyayyar yaudara da ake yi saboda kuɗin iyayen mace ko namiji.
Misali a cikin fim ɗin Kallabi da
kamfanin H.R.B Production suka shirya an fito da jigon a fili domin tun daga
farko har ƙarshe soyayya kawai aka nuna a matsayin babban jigo kamar yadda
Ahmad S. Nuhu ya riƙa nace wa Maryam, ita kuma ta yi ta ja masa aji, kafin daga
baya ta ba da kai bori ya hau. Sannan ƙananan jigogin da ke cikin wannan fim
sun haɗa da taimako kamar yadda ƙawar Maryam ta taimaki Murtala da kuma yaudara
kamar yadda 'yanmata da samarin cikin wasan suke yi wa kawunansu.
Sauran finafinan da suke ɗauke da jigon soyayya sun haɗa da Dawayya da Kushu’i da Ɗansoyayya da Hayaƙi da Wasila da Mujadala da Tsumagiya da hayaƙi da Girma da Masoyiyata da Soyayya Ƙaunar Zuci da In da so da Ƙauna da Rana da Ƙugiya da Ciwon Ido da Isan da Uƙuba da Ina son sa haka da Zabari da Katanga da Dafi da Limza da Sharaɗi da Ƙamshi da Turare da sauransu.
1.3.4
Faɗakarwa
Wannan
na nufin faɗakar da mutane a
Bargery, (1934:288) ya bayyana ma’anar faɗakarwa
da “zaburar da faɗakar da a sa mutum ya fahimta, a sanya mutum ya gano wani abu
na haƙiƙa wanda aka rigaya aka mance”. Ya ci gaba da cewa faɗakarwa takan ta da
tsimin mutum”.
'Yar’aduwa (2001:126) cewa ya yi faɗakarwa na
nufin “nusar da mutum a
Faɗakarwa takan shafi gargaɗi da nasiha da
gyran hali da sauran hanyoyin inganta rayuwa da kuma gyara ta.
Misali a cikin fim ɗin Jankunne an faɗakar
da mutane a
Sauran finafinan da suke ɗauke da irin wannan
jigo, sun haɗa da Nasaba da Zarge da Aisha da Badaƙala
da Dangaye da Sihiri da jahilci ya fi Hausa da Jirwaye da Buri da Halak da
Tubali da Darasi da Ƙauli da Ruhi.
Daga
cikin abubuwan da finafinan Hausa kuma sukan yi gargaɗi a kansa, akwai nuni a
Misali a cikin fim ɗin Maula mun ga
yadda sakamakon mai cin amana ya kasance wato Hindatu Bashir da ƙaninta Ali
Nuhu wadda ta kai su har da bara a tiit, kuma babban jigon wannan wasa na Maula shi ne faɗakarwa kan cin amana domin duk
sauran abubuwan da aka yi a cikin shirin an yi shi su ne domin su taimaka wajen
fito da babban jigon shirin, wato faɗakarwa kan cin amana. Ƙananan jigogin da ke
cikin fim ɗin kuwa sun haɗa da taimako kamar yadda Alhaji ya taimaki Ali Nuhu
da yayarsa Hindatu Bashir da Makirci kamar yadda Ciroki da Hindatu suka yi da
kuma magani kamar yadda Hindatu ta yi wa Alhaji ya saki matarsa.
Haka zalika sauran finafinan da suke ɗauke da irin wannan jigo na faɗakarwa kan cin amana sun haɗa da Ɗan’uwa da Ɗan’adam da Mukhtar da Jinsi da Juyin Mulki da Ruhi da Furuci da Saura ƙiris da Ayah da Sufuri da Gadar zare da sauransu.
1.3.5
Jigon Wayar da Kai
Wayar
da kai wata hanya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sanar da mutane a
Gusau (1995:16) Ya bayyana wayar da kai da
cewa “yakan yi ƙoƙari ne ya sanar da mutane wasu abubuwa sababbi da suke aukuwa
a rayuwar yau da gobe”. Ta haka ne finafinan Hausa ke taimakawa wajen yi wa
jama’a sanarwa da faɗakarwa da gargaɗi
Misali a fim ɗin Tsautsayin Takaba mun
ga yadda aka wayar wa da 'yanmata kai wajen soyayyar gaskiya maimakon ta kuɗi
da kuma irin sakamakon da Bebi ta samu na gamuwa da cutar ƙanjamau. Kuma babban
jigon wannan fim shi ne wayar da kai, sannan akwai ƙananan jigogi waɗanda suka
haɗa da cin amana kamar yadda Bebi ta yi wa Abdul da sakamakon mai kwaɗayi
kamar yadda Bebi ta gamu da cutar ƙanjamau da kuma soyayya kamar yadda aka nuna
a cikin fim ɗin.
Sauran finafinan da suke ɗauke da irin wannan jigo na wayar da kai sun haɗa da Inuwar Giginya da Alheri da Linzami da Sutura da Gashin Ƙuma da Gyale da Lokaci da Fito na Fito da Sunduƙi da Sansani da Halacci da Sukuni da Kasko da Ki Yarda da ni da Ƙasarmu ce da Sadaki da Sauyi da sauransu.
1.3.6
Jigon Bandariya
Bandariya
hanya ce da ake amfani da ita wajen sanya mutane su yi dariya da walwala da
kuma nishaɗi wanda suke ɗaukar wani darasi ta hanyar dabara.
Bargery, (1934:76) ya bayyana “bandariya da
cewa ta samo asali daga “Bandare” wadda take nufin mutum
mai bayar da dariya ko mai sa a yi dariya”. Shi kuma Ibrahim M.S. (1976:104),
ya bayyana bandariya da irin waƙoƙin da 'yan gambara da 'yan
A finafinan Hausa ana amfani da bandariya
wajen isar da wani saƙo ta hanyar wasa, wadda mutane suke koyar da wani darasi
ta hanyar nishaɗi, yawancin finafinan bandariya Ibro ne yake shirya su, sannan
ya bayyana cewa yana yin su ne domin isar da wani saƙo cikin raha tun da mutane
ba wa’azi suke son saurara ba. (Hira da BBC, 2003).
Misali fim ɗin “Jahilci Ya Fi Hauka Wuyar
Magani”. Babban jignsa shi ne bandariya, domin tun daga farkon shirin har ƙarshensa
jigon ya ratsa ko’ina kuma ya koyar da hanyar nishaɗi. Akwai kuma ƙananan
jigogi da suka bayyana a cikin fim ɗin waɗanda suka haɗa siyasar gargajiya da
illar jahilci da tafiye-tafiye.
Sannan misalan finafinan da suke ɗauke da irin
wannan jigo sun haɗa da Ibro Mafiya da Ibro Maitsine da Ibro
D.P.O. da Ibro Siniya da Ibro Ɗandaudu da Ibro Maishayi
da Kar-ta-san-kar da Ibro Usama da Ibro Shata
da Ibro Ɗanƙwaito da Gidauniya da Bobmai da
sauransu.
1.4
Naɗewa
Tun a farkon
wannan takarda an yi bayanin cewa fitar da jigo a finafinan Hausa ra’ayi ne, da
za a iya samun daidaito ko bambanci a tsakanin manazarta a kan wani fim da suka yi nazari a kansa .
Haka a
wannan takarda an yi hasashen wasu nau’o’in jigogi da ake iya samu a finafinan
Hausa kuma aka kawo misalansu. An yi magana a kan jigon haƙuri da faɗakarwa da siyasa da
soyayya da wayar da kai da kuma ban-dariya.
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Passage to
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jami’ar Bayero,
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Rabe-Rabensa”. Takardar da aka gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna ilimi a Cibiyar Nazarin
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na Ɗaya, Jami’ar Bayero,
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.