Wasu Kebabbun Kalmomin Nazarin Harshe Da Ma’anarsu Ta Hausa

Jerin keɓaɓɓun kalmomi a ɓangaren ilimin kimiyyar harshe tare da fassarorinsu cikin Turancin Ingilishi.

Wasu Keɓaɓɓun Kalmomin Nazarin Harshe Da Ma’anarsu Ta Hausa

Daga

ALMUSTAPHA WALI SAMBO

Mail: mustaphaoldman@gmail.com
Phone: +2347061305340

 A

abstract noun - sunan ɓoye

accent - karin lafazi

acceptability - karɓuwa

accusative case - sigar karɓau

active voice - kalami nufatau

acute accent - tsanantaccen lafazi

Adam’s apple - zakaran wuya

adjectival complex - sarƙaƙiyar sifa

adjective phrase - yankin sifa

adjective stem - tushen sifa/sifatau

adjective - sifa/sifatau

adjunct - ƙawatau

adjunction - ƙawatawa

adverb of degree - bayanau ƙimau

adverb of manner - bayanau na yanayi

adverb of place - bayanau na wuri

adverb of time - bayanau na lokaci

adverb phrase - yankin bayanau

adverb - bayanau

adverbial cluster - cunkoson bayanau

adverbial complex - sarƙaƙƙen bayanau

adverbial compound - harɗaɗɗen bayanau

adverbial noun - bayanau na suna

affirmation - tabbatarwa

affirmative sentence - tabbatacciyar jumla

affirmative - tabbatau

affix - ɗafi

agential adjective - sifa mai ‘ma’

agreement suffix - manunin yarjejeniya

agreement/auxiliary phrase - yankin yarjejeniya

agreement/concord - jituwa/yarjejeniya

alphabet - abajadi

ambiguity - harshen damo

ambiguous - mai harshen damo

anaphor - inuwar wakilin suna

anaphora - nanatau

animism - maguzanci

anomalous - shirɓatacce

anomaly - shirɓace

antonym - kishiyar kalma

aspect - taƙi

B

basic - tushe

basic/simple sentence - sassauƙar jumla

bilingual - mai magana da harsuna biyu

bilingualism - magana da harsuna biyu

bisemy - ma’ana biyu

branch - rassa

branching - rabuwar rassa

 

C

case grammar - nahawun zumunta

chapter - babi

circumflex accent - faɗaɗɗen karin lafazi

class - aji

classical language - harshen gwaninta

classification - rarrabewa

clause - ganga

close syllable - rufaffiyar gaɓa

closed class - rufaffen aji

code-mixing - hargitsa-balle

code-switching - surki

collective noun - suna tattarau

colloquial - gargaliya

combination - gamin-gambiza

common language - harshe gama-gari

common noun - suna gama-gari

comparative grammar - nahawun kwatance

comparative linguistics - ilimin kimiyyar bambance harsuna

competence - basira a harshe

complement - cike

complementary distribution - zaman surukai

complex sentence - sassarƙiyar jumla

complex - sarƙaƙƙe

compound noun - harɗaɗɗen suna

compound sentence - harɗaɗɗiyar jumla

compound - harɗaɗɗe

compound-complex sentence - harɗa-sarƙiyar jumla

concept - tunani

concrete noun - sunan fai

condition - sharaɗi

conditional - sharɗaɗɗe

conditional clause - sharɗaɗɗiyar ganga

conjunction - kalmar haɗi/ɗori

consonant - baƙi

constituent - tubali

constraints - tarnaƙi

construction - gini

contradiction - saɓani

contrastive analysis - nazarin bambancin harsuna

contrastive distribution - zaman bamban

copular/stablizer - dirka

countable noun - suna ƙirgau

creole - gargaliyanci

critical analysis - ƙalailaicewa

culture - al’adu

 

D

declarative/statement sentence - jumla mai sigar jawabi

declension - rikiɗewar kalma

deep structure - ƙirar ɓoye

deletion - shafewa

demonstrative proper - manuniya

demonstrative specifier/determiner - nunau

denotation - ma’anar fili

dependent/subordinate clause - ƙaramar ganga/ganga dogarau

descriptive grammar - nahawun bayani

descriptive level of adequacy - mataki na bayyanawa

dialect - karin harshe

dialectology - ilimin nazarin karin harshe

diglossia - hawa biyu

diminutive - tsigalau

diphthong - tagwan wasali

direct object noun - karɓau na kai-tsaye na suna

direct object pronoun - karɓau na kai-tsaye na wakilin suna

direct object - karɓau na kai-tsaye

disjunction - rabau

disjunctive pronoun - wakilin suna rabau

disyllabic verb - aikatau mai gaɓa biyu

dynamic noun - sunan-aiki

 

E

embedded sentence - goyayyiyar jumla

embedding - goyon jumla

emphasis - ƙarafafawa

entailment - goyon ma’ana

exclamatory sentence - jumla mai sigar motsin rai

explanatory level of adequacy - mataki na ƙalailaicewa

 

F

falling tone - karin sauti faɗau

feminine gender - jinsi ta mata

finite clause - ganga sanau

first future tense - lokaci mai zuwa na I

first language acquisition - naƙaltar harshen farko

first language - harshen farko

first person - mutum na ɗaya

fluency - iya harshe

fluent - gwanin harshe

foreign language learning - koyon baƙon harshe

foreign language teaching - koyar da baƙon harshe

foreign language - baƙon harshe

formal grammar - nahawun ƙa’idance

formalism - bi-ƙa’ida

formation - sigantawa/ginawa/zubawa/tsarawa

functional categories - rukunin kalmomi masu aikin nahawu

future - mai zuwa

 

G

geminate adjective - tagwan sifa

geminate - tagwaitawa/shaddantawa

gender - jinsi

general continuous tense - lokaci mai ci yanke

general past tense - shuɗaɗɗen lokaci yanke

generalization - jam’u

generative grammar - nahawun tsirau

generative linguist - masani/manazarci nahawun tsirau

generosity - karimci

genetival complex - sarƙaƙiyar nasaba

genetival link - mahaɗin nasaba

genitive - nasaba

grade - giredi

grammar - nahawu

grammatical analysis - bayanin nahawu

grammatical category - rabe-raben nahawu/kalmomi

grammatical models - ra’o’in nahawu

grammatical sentence - karɓaɓɓiyar jumla

grammatical - karɓaɓɓe

grammaticality - karɓuwa

grave accent - sassautacciyar alama

 

H

habitual tense - sababben lokaci

habitual tense-aspect - sababben lokataƙ

Hausa Verbal Grade System - Tsarin Giredin Aikatan Hausa

head/nominal - jagora

heavy syllable - gava nannauya

high tone - karin sautin sama

high vowel - wasalin sama

hyponym - ‘yar dangi

 

I

ideograph - zanen tunani

ideology - aqida

ideophone - amsa-kama

ill-formed sentence - yasasshiyar jumla

imperative/command sentence - jumla mai sigar umarni

imperative/subjunctive - umartau

imperfective tense-aspect - ragaggen lokataƙ

indefinite pronoun - wakilin sunan da ba a fayyace ba

indefinite specifier/determiner - lamirin da ba a fayyace ba

independent pronoun - wakilin suna mai zaman kansa

independent/main/matrix clause - ganga tsayayyiya/babbar ganga

indirect object - karɓau na kai-kai-ce

infix - ɗafa-ciki

influence - tasiri

interjection - motsin rai

interlanguage - harshe ƙirƙirau

interrogative pronoun - wakilin suna tambayau

interrogative specifier/determiner- lamirin tambaya

interrogative/question sentence - jumlar tambaya

intransitive preposition - harafi ƙi-karɓau

intransitive verb - aiktau ƙi-karɓau

intuition - ilhami

irregular verb - aikatau ƙi-tsarin-giredi

isolated - warau

 

K

keyword - fitacciyar kalma

kinship term - sunan dangi

 

L

labeled bracketing - tsarin baka-biyu

Language Acquisition Devices (LAD)- hanyoyin laƙantar harshe

language acquisition - laƙantar harshe

language diversity - bambanci/saɓanin harshe

language learning - koyon harshe

language planning - tsarin amfani da harshe

language policy - shirin amfani da harshe

language variations - bambance-bambancen harshe

language - harshe

levels of grammatical adequacy - matakan auna nahawu

lexicography - shirya ƙamus

lexicon - rumbun kalmomin harshe

lexis - kalmomin harshe

light syllable - gaɓa sassauƙa

lingua franca - harshen hulɗa/zamantakewa

linguist - masani/manazarci kimiyyar harshe

linguistic deviation - saɓa ƙa’idar harshe

linguistic mapping - zanen taswirar kimiyyar harshe

linguistics - ilimin nazarin kimiyyar harshe

link element/linker - mahaɗi

literature - adabi

loan word - kalmar aro

location marker - manunin bagire

long consonant/gemination - shadda/tagwaitaccen baƙi

long demonstrative - nunau ta nesa

long possessive - doguwar mallaka 

long syllable - doguwar gaɓa

long vowel - dogon wasali

low tone - karin sautin ƙasa

 

M

masculine gender - jinsi namiji

mass/uncountable noun - suna ƙaƙara-ƙirga

metalanguage - keɓaɓɓen harshe

metathesis - sauyin gurbi/rawar ‘yan mata

mid-vowel - wasalin tsakiya

minimal pair - ‘yan biyu

modern linguistics - kimiyyar harshe na zamani

modifier - fayyatau

monophthong - gwauron wasali

monosyllabic verb - aiktau mai gaɓa ɗaya

morpheme - ƙwayar ma’ana

morphology - ilimin nazarin ƙirar kalma/tasrifi

morphophonology - ilimin nazarin sauti da tasrifi

morphosyntax - ilimin nazarin ƙirar kalma da ginin jimla

mother tongue - harshen uwa

movement - gushi/gusawa

multilingual - mai magana da harsuna uku

multilingualism - magana da harsuna uku

mutual intelligibility - fahimtar juna

 

N

native language - harshen asali/tushe/uwa

native speaker - ɗan asalin harshe

negation particles - kalmomin korewa

negation phrase - yankin korewa

negation - korewa

negative sentence - jimlar korewa

neologism - ƙirƙirar kalma

neutar - mata-maza

neutral - jinsi ɗan ba-ruwanmu

node - makarya

nominative case - sigar aikau

non-dynamic noun - suna-zalla

non-finite/infinitival clause - ganga ƙi-sanau

non-functional categories - rukunin kalmomi masu gurabu na din-din-din

non-verbal dynamic noun - sunan-aiki maras tushen aikatau

noun - suna

noun/nominal phrase - yankin suna

nucleus/peak - cibiya

number - adadi

 

O

object pronoun - karɓau na wakilin suna

object - karɓau

observational level of adequacy - mataki na lura

official language - harshen hukuma

open class - buɗaɗɗen aji

open syllable - buɗaɗɗiyar gaɓa

orthography - tsarin rubutun yau da kullum

 

P

paraphrase - juya lafazi

parole - daɓen harshe

participial adjective - sifa maras ma

particle - ƙwayar kalma

pedagogical grammar - nahawun karantarwa

perfective tense-aspect - cikakken lokataƙ

performance - aiwatar da harshe

permutation - sauyawa

phone - gundarin sauti

phoneme - ƙwayar sauti

phonetic transcription - lafazin ainihi

phonetics - ilimin nazarin furuci

phonology - ilimin nazarin tsarin sauti

phrase marker/tree diagram - bishiyar li’irabi

phrase structure rules - dokokin ginin/feɗe jimla

phrase - yanki

pidgin - buroka

pitch - amon sauti

plural - jam’i

polyglot - mai magana da harsuna da yawa

polysyllabic - mai tarin gaɓa

possessive - mallaka

post-nominal - bayan/jelar suna

predicate phrase - yankin bayani

prefix - ɗafa-goshi

pre-nominal - gaban/zagin suna 

preposition - harafi

prepositional phrase - yankin harafi

prescriptive grammar - nahawun horo-da-hani

preverbal pronoun - wakilin suna na gabanin aiki

previous reference marker - ɗayantau-koma-baya

primary grade verbs - aikatau maras gundarin ma’ana

principal/main/matrix clause - babbar ganga

pronoun - wakilin suna

pronunciation - lafazi/furuci

proper noun - sunan yanka

punctuation marks - ƙa’idojin rubutu

 

Q

qualifier - sifatau

quantifiable noun - suna ƙirgau

quantifier 1 - ma’auni ƙirgau

quantifier 2 - ma’auni ƙimau

quantifier 3 - ma’auni ninkau

quantifier phrase - yankin ma’auni

quantifiers - ma’aunai

 

R

reduplicate - ninki/ninkawa

reduplicated adverb - ninkakken bayanau

referential - madanganci

regular verb - aikatau bi-giredi

relative clause - ganga dogarau

relative continuous tense - lokaci mai ci mai dangantaka

relative imperfective tense-aspect - ragaggen lokataƙ mai dangantaka

relative past tense - shuɗaɗɗen lokaci mai dangantaka

relative perfective tense-aspect - cikakken lokataƙ mai dangantaka

relative - dogarau

research - bincike

rising accent - lafazi tasau

rising tone - karin sauti tasau

 

S

second future tense - lokaci mai zuwa na II

second language speaker - mai amfani da harshe a matsayin na biyu

second person - mutum na biyu

secondary grade verbs - aikatau mai gundarin ma’ana

segment - yanki

semantics - ilimin nazarin ma’ana

sentence analysis - fiɗar jumla

sentence - jumla

set/finite rules - ƙayyadaddun dokoki

short demonstrative - nunau ta kusa

short vowel - gajeren wasali

simple adjective - sassauƙar sifa

simple sentence - sassauƙar jumla

singular - tilo

specifiers/determiners - lamirai

standard Hausa - daidaditacciyar Hausa

standard language - daidaitaccen harshe

strong verbal noun - sunan-aiki na ɗaya

subject agreement - mafayyaciya

subject pronoun - wakilin suna aikau

subject - aikau/ma’aikaci/maf’uli

subject-verb-object - aikau-aikatau-karɓau

subjunctive tense - lokaci umartau

subjunctive tense-aspect - lokataƙ umartau

substitution - mayewa

suffix - ɗafa-ƙeya

suprasegmentals - maraka yanki

surface structure - ƙirar sarari

syllable - gaɓa

symbol - alama

syntax - ilimin nazarin ginin jimla

 

T

table/chart - jadawali

taboo - haramtaccen lafazi

tense marker - manunin lokaci

tense - lokaci

tense-aspect marker - manunin lokataƙ

tense-aspect - lokataƙ

terminology - keɓaɓɓun kalmomi

theory/theories - ra’i/ra’o’i

third person - mutum na uku

tone bearing unit - gaɓar da ke ɗauke da karin sauti

tone blending/slippage - zamewa/karkatawar karin sauti

tone pattern - tsarin karin sauti

tone - karin sauti

traditional grammar - nahawun gargajiya

transformation - rikiɗa

transformational generative grammar- nahawun taciya

transitive preposition - harafi so-karɓau

transitive verb - aikatau so-karɓau

translation - fassara

tree diagram - bishiyar li’irabi

trisyllabic verb - aikatau mai gaɓa uku

 

U

understood object - karɓau sanau

unitary adjective - haɗaɗɗiyar sifa

unitary adverb - haɗaɗɗen bayanau

universal grammar - nahawun bai-ɗaya

universal - gama-gari/bai-ɗaya

utterance - zance/furuci

 

V

verb phrase - yankin aikatau

verb stem - tushen aikatau

verb - aikatau/aiki/fi’ili

verbal dynamic noun - sunan-aiki mai tushen aikatau

vowel deletion - share/shafe wasali

vowel ending/termination - wasalin ƙarshe/yanayin ƙarshe

vowel length - tsayin/tsawon wasali

vowel - wasali

 

W

weak verbal noun - sunan-aiki na biyu

well-formed sentence - karɓaɓɓiyar jumla

word classes/lexical categories - azuzuwan kalmomi

word - kalma

 

Z

zero object - babu karɓau

zero/future tense-aspect - lokataƙ umartau