Sarautun Bayi A Kasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 4

Abstract: The aim of this study focuses on the traditional titles of slaves in Katagum. It is based on this aim that the research was presented in five chapters. The first two chapters focussed on general overview of the work and relevant literatures related to this research. Chapter three has taken broader look at the historical background of slevary in Hausaland. After the historical survey, the research narrowed to the slave-only traditional titles in Katagum. This has seen the research scrutinising indepthly all the issues surrounding slave- only traditional titles in Hausaland even before the emergence of Katagum. Similarly, the research has scrupulously found out the findings of the work. The research found out that some traditional titles have become extinct. Against this backdrop, traditional instutition have been recommended to establish a special traditional titles office that will handle the historical facts of the kingdom/emirate and other traditional title holders.

Tsakure

Ƙudirin wannan aiki tunkarar Sarautun Bayi a ƙasar Katagum. Bisa ga wannan ƙudirin an kasa binciken zuwa babuka biyar. Goshin aikin ya tunkari gabatarwa da bitar ayyukan da suka gabace shi. Kashi na uku na aikin ya yi dogon share fage a kan tarihin bauta a ƙasar Hausa. Bayan an yi wa tarihi turke mai ma’ana sai aka dubi masarautar Katagum da sarautun bayi da ke ciki. Wannan ya nuna an ƙoƙarin kakkeɓe duk wata ƙura a tarihi da al’ada da bautar take ciki a ƙasar Hausa gabanin a yi ƙasar Katagum dubi na nutsuwa. Binciken ya yi kwakkwara da kammalawa wadda ta fito da ɗan sakamakon bincike da aka yi. Tabbas an gano cewa wasu sarautun gargajiya a fada sun soma ɓata. Don haka, tilas a farfaɗo ko ƙirƙiro wata sarauta cikin kowace masarauta a ƙasar Hausa da za ta kiyaye da tarihin sarautun masarautarta.

Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 4 

Muhammad Abubakar Zabi
muhammadabubakarzabi@gmail.com
08136844199

SADAUKARWA

Na sadaukar da wannan aiki ga mahaifana, Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Malama Hauwa’u Ahmad. Allah Ya ƙara musu lafiya tare da imani, amin. Allah Ya saka musu da tarbiyar da suka yi mana. Mun gode, Allah Ya biya.

GODIYA

Godiya mafificiya ta tabbata ga Allah maɗaukakin sarki, mamallakin sammai da ƙasai, wanda Ya raya mu Ya kuma ba mu ikon kawowa wannan mataki. Tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata ga manzon tsira, Annabi Muhammadu (Sallahu Alaihi Wasalam).

Babu shakka, mutane da dama sun ba da gudummawa wajen ganin wannan aiki ya kammala cikin nasara. Sai dai ambaton sunayensu duka ba zai yi wuya ba, ko da kuma an ambata godiyar fatar baki ba za ta gamsar ba. Sai dai addu‘ar Allah Ya saka wa dukkan wanɗanda suka taimaka da alheri.

Godiya ta musamman wadda ba za ta misaltu ba ga Malamina kuma jagoran duba wannan aiki Farfesa Aliyu Muhammadu Bunza, wanda duk da ayyuka masu dama da suke gabansa, amma ya kula ya kuma yi ta taimakawa wajen duba aikin da kuma gyare-gyare ga wannan bincike. Kazalika, ya yi ta ba da shawarwari masu dama tun daga farkon aikin har zuwa ƙarshensa. Ina roƙon Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.

Haka kuma, godiya marar misaltuwa ga Malamina kuma jagoran duba wannan aiki na biyu wato Dr. Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi shi ma ya yi namijin ƙoƙari wajen ganin wannan aiki ya yi nasarar kammaluwa. Ba don haɗin kan da ya bayar ba, da wannan aiki bai tsayu da ƙafafunsa ba. Da fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna fiddausi, amin.

Ina miƙa godiyata ta musamman ga malamina jagoran duba aikin na uku, Farfesa Y. Y Ibrahim na Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci (Islamic Studies Department), wanda da taimakonsa aikin nan ya samu kai wannan mataki. Ina fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.

Bayan haka, ina mai matuƙar bayyana jin daɗina da godiyata ga shugaban Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya, Jami´ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Farfesa Atiku Ahmad Dunfawa, ina yi wa Malam fatar Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina godiya ga dukannin Malamaina na Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya na Jami`ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato. Waɗanda suka haɗa da: Farfesa Ibrahim Makoshy, da Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero Yahya, da Farfesa Haruna Abdullahi Birniwa, da Farfesa Ahmad Halliru Amfani, da Farfesa Salisu Ahmad Yakasai, da Farfesa Abdulhamid Ɗantumbishi, da Dr. Bello Bala Usman, da Dr. Ibrahim Sarkin Sudan, da Dr. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir, da Dr. Abdulbasir Ahmad Atuwo, da Dr.Yahya Idris, da Dr. Umar Aliyu Bunza, da Dr. Nasiru Aminu Kalgo, da Malam Naziru Ibrahim Abbas da Malam Sama’ila Umar da Malam Dano Balarabe Bunza da Malam Mustafa Muhammad da Malam Musa Shehu. Abokanin karatuna ma sun taimaka da shawarwari da addu’a na gode Allah Ya biya. Waɗanda ta hanyar basira da ilmi da kyakkyawar fahimtarsu na samu nasarar kammala wannan karatu.

Ba zan manta da Hakiman ƙasar Katagum ba, musamman Hakimin Itas da Hakimin Gamawa da Hakimin Sakuwa da Hakimin Gaɗau da kuma Hakimin Azare, da iyayen ƙasa na masarautar Katagum da kuma, Majalisar Masarautar Katagum wajen ba ni lokaci na musamman domin tattaunawa da su. Na gode Allah Ya saka da alheri, Amin. Gadiya ta musamman ga Sarkin Garinmu Alhaji Muhammadu Abdulkadir Madakin Zabi wanda ya taimaka wajen ba ni shawarwari da ƙarfafa mun guiwa wajen ganin kammaluwar wannan bincike, shi ma Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina miƙa godiya ga Ma`aikatar ilimin Firamare ta Giyaɗe, Jihar Bauchi da ta taimaka mun wajen ba ni damar tafiya wannan karatu. Allah Ya saka da alheri.

Ba zan manta da abokaina ba, waɗanda suka ba ni shawarwari tare da taimako na ƙara ƙarfin guiwa kan wannan karatu. Musamman irin su Malam Abdullahi Zabi da Muhammad Abubakar (Khalifa) da Umar Barde da Alhaji Muhmood Abba da Abduƙadir Namangi da Ibrahim Ɗanbaba da Ja’afar Bello da sauran Malaman da suke Makarantar Firamare ta Baduware. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka da alheri.

Bayan haka, godiya ta musamman ga abokan karatuna na wannan jami`a ta Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato. Irin su Ahmad Garba Aliyu da Jibrin Yusuf da Alhaji Musa Abdulrahaman da Malam Imam Abdullahi da Hajiya Zara‘u da Shamsudeen Isma’il da ma sauran waɗanda ban ambaci sunayensu ba. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya sa mu haɗa wannan karatu lafiya, Ya sanya mana albarka a cikinsa.

Daga ƙarshe, ina miƙa godiyata ga mahaifana Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Hauwa’u Ahmad. Sannan da matata Maijidda Bello da ‘Yayana Khadiji Muhammad Jaɓɓello. da Salmanu Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Al’amin Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Ibrahim Muhammad Jaɓɓello duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka musu da alheri amin.

BABI NA HUƊU

4.0 MASARAUTAR KATAGUM

4.1 Shimfiɗa

Ƙudirin wannan babi ya kawo tarihin asalin mutanen Katagum tare da bayyana yadda masarautar ta kafu. Sannan a bayyana masu zaɓen Sarki, daga baya a jero sunayen waɗanda suka gudanar da mulki a masarautar tun daga (1814 zuwa 2016). Bayan sanin waɗanda suka mulki garin na Katagum, sai a waiwayi sauran muƙaman da masarautar take da su, tare da fito da tsarin muƙaman da aikinsu a ƙasar.

4.2 Asalin Mutanen Katagum da Kafuwar Masarautarsu

Kowace al’umma ta duniya tana da tarihin kafuwarta a doron ƙasa. Al’adun wannan ƙabilar ke bambanta da sauran al’ummu da suke maƙwabtaka da ita. Ta hanyar al’adunsu ake samun tarihin wasu mashahuran shugabanni ko jarumansu da suka yi fice a duniya. Ficen nasu ya dogara ne kan fagen da suka ƙware, wasu a fagen mulki, wasu a fagen yaƙe-yaƙe suka yi fice a zamaninsu.

Masana sun tabbatar da hanyoyi guda uku da ake iya ƙididdige tarihi domin a sami sahihancinsa. Ga su nan kamar haka:

·      Hanya ta ɗaya ita ce, ta la’akari da ajiyayyen tarihi na gargajiya wanda ake aiwatarwa a ka (kai). Hausawa na yi masa suna “kunne ya girmi kaka”.

·         Hanya ta biyu kuwa ita ce, ta lura da wasu alamu na zahiri,wato ta kula da alamu na al’ada.

·         Hanya ta uku ita ce, ta rubutattun abubuwa ko dai waɗanda na bayansu suka rubuta suka bari ta yin amfani da hanya ta ɗaya da ta biyu da ta uku.

·         Tarihin kafuwar masarautar Katagum, da asalin sarautar da kuma tarihin Malam Ibrahim Zaki, an same shi ne ta waɗannan hanyoyi uku da aka ambata.

Tarihi ya nuna cewa akwai wasu muhimman rubuce-rubuce da littattafai da maƙalu da ire-iren rahotannin da ma’aikatun gwamnatin Ingila ta tattara ta hannun Turawa masu yawon neman labarai ko a ce masu binciken ƙasa da ƙasa suka rubuta. Wanda ya shafi ƙasar Katagum; Misali rahoton shekara ta 1822, da kuma irin rahotannin da ake gudanarwa duk shekara a lardin Bauchi, inda aka sami rahoton shekarar 1961. Sale (2004:23)

An sami wasu tarin takardun tarihi da Turawan Ingila irin su Dr. Low suka rubuta dangane da ƙasar Katagum. Wani Bature mai suna Captain Clapperton da ya shigo ƙasar Katagum a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Libiya a zamanin mulkin sarkin Katagum Muhammad Ɗankauwa a shekarar ta 1824, ya gudanar da bincike kan ƙasar Katagum kuma ya rubuta takarda kan masarautar da al’ummarta. Wadata (2009:12-14)

Kowace al’umma tana da mafarinta, don haka, tarihin Katagum ba zai cika ba, sai an waiwayi tarihin garuruwan Shira da Tashena tare da al’ummarsu. Wani abin kuma sai an haɗa da tarihin Sarkin farko na Katagum, Malam Ibrahim Zaki. A nan, za a fara kawo tarihin garin Shira, sannan daga bisani a kawo tarihin garin Tashena da na Malam Ibrahim Zaki.

4.3 Tarihin Ƙasar Shira

Ƙasar Shira tana da faɗin gaske domin ta fara tun daga ƙasar Buzawa ta nufi zuwa ƙasar Kare-kare, wato yankin su Dambam da Potiskum ta kewaya zuwa iyakar kogin Kari ta nufi Gwaram duk ƙasar Shira ce a ƙarni na sha tara (Ƙ.19). Saboda faɗin ƙasar ya sa mutane ke mata kirari da “badali ɗibar fari”. Aliyu (2013:20)

Sunan garin Shira ya samo asali ne daga “Shiraka”[1] wanda idan aka fitar da gaɓar ƙarshe ta “ka” ya koma “Shira”. Tarihi ya nuna cewa garin Shira da Tashena da Auyo duk an samu sunayensu ne daga sunayen masarautun Marghi guda uku waɗanda suka fara zama a dusten Shira.

An samu jeren sunayen waɗanda suka yi sarautar Shira tun asali a shekarar (1883). Haka kuma, an ce Marghi sun yi mulki fiye da shekara ɗari tara (900), kafin Fulani su tunɓuke su a shekara ta (940 C.E) wato, kusan sama da shekara ɗari takwas kafin zuwan Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, akwai harshen Shiranci wanda yanzu ya ɓace. Saleh (2004)

4.4 Tarihin Ƙasar Tashena

Ƙasar Tashena tana da muhimmanci sosai a tarihin kafuwar masarautar katagum. Bayan da Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya ci Tashena da yaƙi sai ya zauna a garin ya ci gaba da mulki har tsawon shekaru biyar zuwa shida kafin ya taso ya dawo garin Katagum a shekara ta (1810) Azare (2012:27). Malam Ibrahim Zaki shi da mataimakansa ne suka jaddada Musulunci a ƙasar Katagum a ƙarni na sha tara.

Tarihi ya nuna Kwararrafa sun taɓa mulki a garin Tashena. Haka kuma, abu ne da yake bayyane ƙasar Tashena ba ta kai ƙasar Auyo ba, balle garin Tashena, daga “Tashe” aka samu ƙarin gaɓar “na” ya koma “Tashena”. Waɗansu da suka kiyaye sunayen sarakunan Tashena sun faɗa cewa an yi har guda (70) kafin su Malam Ibrahim Zaki su isa garin na Tashena a shekara ta (1807) Sale (2016:02)

4.5 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Malam Ibrahim Zaki

Azare (2012), ya nuna cewa, an haifi Ibrahim Zaki a ranar 14-04-1165 hijirar Annabi Muhammad Sallahu alaihi wasallam, wanda ya zo daidai da haifuwar Annabi Isa (A.S) (1751). Cikakken sunan Ibrahim tare da laƙabin “Zakiyulkalbi” wanda Shehu Usman Ɗanfodiyo ya saka masa. Sunan mahaifinsa Malam Lawal ɗan Abdullahi ɗan Muhammad Sambo, ɗan Hamdata ɗan Abdulkadir, Wadda sunan mahaifiyarsa Fatima nasabar sa ta isa har zuwa ga Sayidina Usmanu (A.S) amma ta wajen mahaifiyarsa. Azare (2012:40)

Kakan-kakansa ya fara zuwa Adamawa, wajen Sarki Adamu neman ilimi. Sarki ya ba shi ‘yarsa Zubahawe wanda ta haifa masa ɗa Muhammad Sambo, daga nan ya ƙara zuwa ƙasar Bagarmi inda Muhammad Sambo ya auri ‘yar Goni Bukar Albornawi. A nan Hamdata ya rasu, shi kuma, Muhammad Sambo ya yi zamansa a Bagarmi ya haifi Abdullahi, shi kuma Abdullahi ya haifi Malam Lawan.

Malam Lawan ya yi karatu a ƙasar Bagarma. Sai kuma ya koma ƙasar Borno. Daga ƙasar Borno ya iso garin Nafaɗa, Sarkin Nafaɗa Bunni ɗan Magaji Aji ya ba shi ‘yar ɗan uwansa Zainab. Ta Haifa masa ɗa aka sa masa suna Muhammad Bunni. Malam Lawan ya zauna a Nafaɗa tsawon shekara tara, a cikin ƙarni na sha tara (Ƙ:19). Daga nan ya ɗauki ɗansa Muhammad Bunni sai garin Yayu. Bayan shekara uku da aka san shi Malami ne ya samu karɓuwa sosai a garin Yayu wanda sarkin Yayu ya ba shi ‘yarsa Fatima wanda ta Haifa masa Ýaýa shida sun haɗa da Malam Bunni da Malam Ibrahim Zaki da Umaru da Usman da Salisu da Hamza da kuma, Sulaiman Adandaya.

Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya yi karatu a wajen Malam Ƙiyari a birnin Ngazargamu kamar yadda Aliyu (2013:14) ya tabbatar, haka kuma, tarihi ya nuna a wajen Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo ya yi karatun Sahihil Bukari.

Ta ɓangare Jihadin da ya yi kuma suna da yawa, ya fara ƙaddamar da jahadinsa a garin Shellun, daga baya ya kai Udubo. Jahadinsa na ƙarshe shi ne, na Ngazargamu. Wasu ya samu nasara, wasu kuma bai samu nasara ba. Daga cikin garuruwan da ya yi Jahadi akwai Udubo da Gaɗiya da Uzum da Faguji da Gaɗau da Garko Dawasa. A hankali sai ƙasar Katagum ta zama ƙarƙashin Malam Ibrahim Zaki, ganin haka Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya himmatu wajen shirin mulkin ƙasar Katagum.

Bayan an tabbatar da komi a cikin Katagum, Musulunci ya yi ƙarfi, sai Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya mai da hankalinsa ga harƙoƙin mulki, an tattauna a kan wurin da ya fi dacewa da ya zama cibiyar mulki, sai shawara ta tsaya a kan tsakiyar ƙasar Gaɗiya. To amma ita kuma Gaɗiya tana da matsalar ruwa. Haka dai aka ci gaba da roƙon Allah kan Ya ba da zaɓi. Daga bisani sai shawara ta tsaya a kan a dai nemi wajen ruwa. Daga ƙarshe aka zaɓi Tashena.

A can Tashena ne ma, Isa, (2000:18) ya ce Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo ya ba wa Malam Ibrahim Zaki umarnin cewa da ya je ya yaƙi Borno, kuma ya ci nasara har ma ya zama Sarkin Borno na watanni uku, shi ne ma dalilin da ya sa ake masa laƙabi da sarkin Borno.

Binciken Dr. Low a cikin Wadata (2009:20) da ya gudanar ya nuna cewa, nan ne Malam Zaki ya nemi Shehu da ya yi masa izinin zama amma bai yarda ba. Rashin barin ya zauna a ƙasashen da ya ci da yaƙi, inji Dr. Low zatonsa dalilin da ya sa Shehu bai yarda Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya zauna a Borno don gudun kada Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya kafa daula tsakanin Sakkwato da Borno, ma’ana dai ka da malam Zaki ya fita daga daular Usumaniyya, shi ne dalilin da ya sa Shehu bai amince da buƙatar Malam Ibrahim Zaki ba. Malam Zaki ya rasu a shekarar (1814) ya bar ’Ya’ya goma sha shida. Wadata (2009:18-21)

4.6 Masu Zaɓen Sarki a Fadar Katagum

Masu zaɓen sarki a masarautar Katagum wasu mutane aka ware a ƙalla mutum tara. Daga baya lokacin Sarki Ɗankauwa ya mayar da su mutum biyar waɗanda suka haɗa da Waziri da Galadima da Makama da Madaki da kuma Liman, saboda muhimmancinsu a masarautar Katagum. Azare (2012:29)

4.6.1 Waziri

 shi ne kamar matsayin mataimakin sarki a masarautun ƙasar Hausa. A al’ada idan aka kai magana gaban sarki ko saƙo a rubuce, idan an ji saƙon sarki zai tambayi Waziri domin ya ji nasa ra’ayi tare da neman shawara daga mashawartan sarki. Haka kuma Waziri yana ɗaya daga cikin masu zaɓin sabon Sarki, inda wanda yake a kai ya rasu ko ya Tsufa ya yi murabus ko kuma, aka tsige shi. An samu jeren Wazirai a Katagum kamar haka:

S/No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7   8 9     10 11

Sarakunan Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki Sulaiman Adandaya  Muhammadu Ɗankauwa Abdurrahaman          Abdulƙadir I            Muhammadu Hajji Abdulƙadir II   Muhammad Ɗamamisau Abdulƙadir III      Umaru Faruƙ Muhammadu Kabiru Umar

Shekara 1807- 1814 1814- 1816 1816- 1846 1846- 1851 1851- 1868 1868- 1896 1896- 1905   1905- 1909 1909- 1947     1947- 1980 1980- Date

Wazirin Katagum Wazirin Katagum Ibrahim Nayayu Wazirin Katagum Ibrahim Nayayu Wazirin Katagum Maigizo Wazirin Katagum Hamji Wazirin Katagum Hamji Wazirin Katagum Hamji Wazirin Katagum Hamji Wazirin Katagum Sa’idu Wazirin Katagum Sa’idu Wazirin Katagum Abba Wazirin Katagum Baffah Wazirin Katagum Babale Wazirin Katagum Babale Wazirin Katagum Babale Wazirin Katagum Sule Katagum

 Sale (2016:3)

4.6.2 Madaki

shi ne mai kula da dawakin fada, shi ma kamar Dogari yake, amma ya fi sauran muhimmanci. An samu Madaki da yawa a ƙasar Katagum kamar haka:

S/No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10   11

Sarakunan Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki Sulaiman Adandaya  Muhammadu Ɗankauwa Abdurrahaman          Abdulƙadir I            Muhammadu Hajji Abdulƙadir II Muhammad Ɗamamisau Abdulƙadir III  Umaru Faruƙ   Muhammadu Kabiru Umar

Shekara 1807- 1814 1814- 1816 1816- 1846 1846- 1851 1851- 1868 1868- 1896 1896- 1905 1905- 1909 1909- 1947 1947- 1980   1980- Date

Madakin Katagum Madakin Katagum Muh’d Maigari Madakin Katagum Muh;d Juli Madakin Katagum Abba Shuwa Madakin Katagum Abba Shuwa Madakin Katagum Abba Shuwa Madakin Katagum Muhammad Isah Madakin Katagum Musa Muhammad Madakin Katagum Muhammad Baffah Madakin Katagum Muhammad Baffah Madakin Katagum Muhammad Amale Madakin Katagum Sule Katagum Madakin Katagum Tela Babani Madakin Katagum Abdullahi Babani

Babani (2017:10)

4.6.3 Makama

Babban aikin makama shi ne, wanda yake riƙe da makamai a zamanin da ake yaƙi, sannan shi ne yake riƙe da gari in Sarki ba ya nan da sauran garuruwan Hakimai. Alal misali idan Hakimi ya mutu ko in ya yi laifi, kafin a kawo sabon Sarki shi ake turawa. Haka kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin masu zaɓen sabon Sarki a fadar Katagum, kuma shi ne shugaban bayi. Katagum ta samu Makama da dama waɗanda suka haɗa da:

S/No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Sarakunan Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki Sulaiman Adandaya  Muhammadu Ɗankauwa Abdurrahaman          Abdulƙadir I            Muhammadu Hajji Abdulƙadir II Muhammad Ɗamamisau Abdulƙadir III     Umaru Faruƙ Muhammadu Kabiru Umar

Shekara 1807- 1814 1814- 1816 1816- 1846 1846- 1851 1851- 1868 1868- 1896 1896- 1905 1905- 1909 1909- 1947 1947- 1980 1980- Date

Makaman Katagum Makaman Katagum Abare Makaman Katagum Amadu Makaman Katagum Dafuwa Makaman Katagum Umaru Makaman Katagum Umaru Makaman Katagum Zuloki Makaman Katagum Zuloki Makaman Katagum Baba Makaman Katagum Hussaini Makaman Katagum Gabi Makaman Katagum Ali Hussaini

 

4.6.4 Galadima

A zamanin da, Galadima yana kula da abubuwan da suka shafi bayi ne, amma a yanzu shi ke gudanar da sha’anin da ya shafi al’amuran da suka shafi gari, bayan haka kuma Galadima yana daga cikin masu zaɓen sabon Sarki a fadar Katagum. An samu jeren Galadiman da aka yi a masarautar Katagum, sun haɗa da:

S/No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8   9 10     11

Sarakunan Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki Sulaiman Adandaya  Muhammadu Ɗankauwa Abdurrahaman          Abdulƙadir I            Muhammadu Hajji Abdulƙadir II Muhammad Ɗamamisau   Abdulƙadir III     Umaru Faruƙ     Muhammadu Kabiru Umar

Shekara 1807- 1814 1814- 1816 1816- 1846 1846- 1851 1851- 1868 1868- 1896 1896- 1905 1905- 1909   1909- 1947 1947- 1980     1980- Date

Galadiman Katagum Galadiman Katagum Abu Na Boje Galadiman Katagum Abu Na Boje Galadiman Katagum Abu Na Boje Galadiman Katagum Abu Na Boje Galadiman Katagum Atiku Galadiman Katagum Atiku Galadiman Katagum Atiku Galadiman Katagum Amadu Galadiman Katagum Abdullahi Galadiman Katagum Abdullahi G/K Chiroma Muh’d Kabir Umar Galadiman Katagum Aliyu Ɗanlawan Galadiman Katagum Sarkin Bai Abbas Galadiman Katagum Bello Katagum GaladimanKatagum Usman Muhmood Abdullahi

Abdullahi (2011:17)

 

 4.6.5 Liman

Zai kasance shugaban al’ummar Musulmi shi ne shugaba a harƙoƙin addini, kamar Sallah da kuma harƙoƙin rayuwa; misali Aure da zaman jama’a da kula da tarbiyyar al’umma. Haka kuma Liman a fadar Katagum yana ɗaya daga cikin masu zaɓen sabon sarki, saboda muhimmancinsa a cikin al’umma. Limamai a masarautar Katagum ga su kamar haka:

S/No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9   10   11

Sarakunan Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki Sulaiman Adandaya  Muhammadu Ɗankauwa Abdurrahaman          Abdulƙadir I            Muhammadu Hajji Abdulƙadir II Muhammad Ɗamamisau Abdulƙadir III    Umaru Faruƙ   Muhammadu Kabiru Umar

Shekara 1807- 1814 1814- 1816 1816- 1846 1846- 1851 1851- 1868 1868- 1896 1896- 1905 1905- 1909 1909- 1947   1947- 1980   1980- Date

Limaman Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki Liman Sulaiman Adandaya Muhammad Ɗankauwa Liman Muhammad Musa Liman Muhammadu Musa Liman Muhammad Musa Liman Modibo Isubu Liman Malam Saleh Liman Malam Saleh Liman Malam Modi Liman Malam Modi Liman Malam Usman Liman Malam Usman Liman Alkali Kawu Liman Malam Ayuba

 

4.7 Sarakunan Masarautar Katagum

Masarautar Katagum ta yi zamani mai tsawo, inda har ta samu jerin Sarakuna da dama da suka mulke ta. Waɗannan sarakunan sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ganin masarautar ta yi fice ta fuskoki da dama. Alal misali ta fuskar jarumtaka ta yi yaƙe-yaƙe da suka sa ta cikin jerin ƙasashen da suka yi suna a fagen yaƙi.

A ƙalla Masarautar Katagum tana da jerin Sarakuna fitattu har guda goma sha ɗaya. An fara lissafin jerin sarakunan ne tun daga kan Sarkin da aka fi sani da Malam Ibrahim Zaki. A ƙarƙashin wannan kason ga yadda jerin sarakunan suke bi-da-bi don fito da su fili.

Jadawalin Sarakunan Masarautar Katagum

S/No   1.   2.   3.   4.   5.   6.   7.   8     9.   10.   11.

Suna   Sarkin Katagum Malam Ibrahim Zaki   Sarkin Katagum Sulaiman Adandaya   Sarkin Katagum Muhammadu Ɗankauwa   Sarkin Katagum Abdurrahaman   Sarkin Katagum Abdulkadir na I   Sarkin Katagum Muhammadu Hajji   Sarkin Katagum Abdulkadir na II   Sarkin Katagum Muhammadu Damamisau     Sarkin Katagum Abdulkadir na III   Sarkin Katagum Umaru Faruk   Sarkin Katagum uhammadu Kabir Umar

Shekarun Mulki       - 1814   1814- 1816   1816- 1846   1846- 1851   1851- 1868   1868- 1896   1896- 1905   1905- 1908     1908- 1947   1947- 1980   1980 Zuwa yau.

Yawan Shekaru   10   02   30   05   17   28   09   03     38   33   37

 

4.7.1 Sarkin Katagum Ibrahim Zaki (1814)

Malam Ibrahim Zaki da ya ga cewa duk ƙasar Katagum jihadi ya je, kuma duk masuluci ya samu ƙarɓuwa, sai ya mai da hankalinsa wajen ganin Shari’a ta samu gindin zama a zukatan mutanen Katagum. Abin da ya fara yi shi ne, ɗauke cibiyar mulki daga Tashena ya mayar da ita garin Katagum a shekarar (1810).

Na biyu kuma, abin da Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya yi shi ne, sai ya rarraba muƙamai a masarautar Katagum. Malam Ibrahim Zaki ya naɗa Ɗankauwa ɗan Malam Bunni a matsayin Sarkin Shira, sai ya naɗa babban ɗansa Abdulrahman a matsayin sarkin Azare, sai ya naɗa ɗansa Isma’ila a matsayin Yariman Cinade (Hakimin Cinade) har ila yau ya naɗa ɗansa Yusuf a matsayin Sarkin Udubo.

Kafin rasuwarsa Malam Ibrahim Zaki Allah Ya wadata shi da ‘Ya ‘ya guda goma sha shida, guda goma sha biyar maza guda ɗaya ‘ya mace, sha ɗaya sun yi sarauta guda huɗu kuma ba su yi ba. Wadata (2009:18-21)

 

4.7.2 Sarkin Katagum Sulaiman Liman Adandaya (1814-1816)

Bayan rasuwar Malam Ibrahim Zaki wanda ya fi kowa cancanta ya gaje shi, don karatunsa da daɗewa a gwagwarmayar jihadi shi ne ƙanensa, kuma shaƙiƙinsa Sulaiman Adandaya ɗan Malam Lawal. Sai dai a lokacinsa an ɗan samu saɓani tsakaninsa da mutanen Tashena, wanda har ta kai lokacin da ya tafi Sakkwato domin mubaya’a, mutanen Tashena suka naɗa Tushin ya hau gadon sarautar Katagum. Daga baya ‘Ya ‘yan Malam Ibrahim Zaki da sauran jama’a suka murƙushe boren Tushin, suka kore shi a garin, sannan suka dawo da baffansu Sulaiman Adandaya. Bai wuce shekara biyu da dawo kan mulki ya yi murabus.

A binciken da aka gudanar kafin ya rasu, Allah Ya ba shi ‘ya ‘ya huɗu ɗaya mace uku maza. A cikin uku guda ne ya yi sarauta. Yarima Muhammad Ɗan Baba shi ne, ya zama sarkin Gamawa. Wadata (2009:33)

4.7.3 Sarkin Katagum Muhammad Ɗankauwa (1816- 1846)

Bayan Sarkin katagum Sulaiman Adandaya ya yi murabus wanda ya gaje shi Muhammad Ɗankauwa ɗan Malam Bunni a shekara (1816). Kuma daga kansa ne aka fara samun duk wanda ya mulki Shira shi ake kyautata zaton zai mulki fadar Katagum. Sarkin Katagum Ɗankauwa ya rasu a shekarar (1846). Kafin rasuwarsa Allah Ya azurta shi da ’Ya’ya bakwai duk maza, ɗaya daga cikinsu ne kawai bai yi mulki ba. Wanda bai yi sarautar ba shi ne, Mamman Ɗanzarah, waɗanda kuma suka yi sarauta sun haɗa da:

Abduƙadir I ya yi sarautar Gaɗau da Katagum

Muhammadu Hajji ya yi sarautar Makawa da Azare da Katagum

Abubakar ya yi sarautar Azare

Mamudun Kargo ya yi sarautar Cinade

Burundi ya yi sarautar Shira

Alhassan ya yi sarautar Gumai. Wadata (2009:35)

4.7.4 Sarkin Katagum Abdulrahman (1846- 1851)

Abdulrahman shi ne babba a cikin ’Ya’yan Malam Ibrahim Zaki, ya kuma riƙe sarautar Azare a shekara ta (1807-1814), sannan ya zama sarkin Shira a shekarar (1816- 1846) ya kuma yi shekara biyu a gadon mulkin Katagum kafin rasuwarsa Allah Ya ba shi ‘Ya ‘ya tara huɗu mata, sun haɗa da:

a)      Zinaru

b)      Zainab

c)      Maryam

d)      Hafsatu

Biyar maza waɗanda suka haɗa da:

e)      Ahmadu Jatau ya yi sarautar Buzawa da Yayu da Gaɗau da Udubo.

f)       Usman ya yi sarautar Azare daga baya ya zama Sarkin Shira.

g)      Sama’ila

h)      Hamza ya yi sarautar Gabarin

i)       Abdulkadir (Kadir) Wadata (2009:40-41)

4.7.5 Sarkin Katagum Abdulƙadir Na I (1851- 1868)

Abdulkadir na I ɗa ne ga Ɗankauwa, kuma shi ne sarkin Katagum a bayan rasuwar Abdulrahman. Daga kan Abdulkadir na I sarautar Katagum ta dawo gidan Ɗankauwa har zuwa yau. Abdulkadir na I ya yi sarauta daga shekara ta (1851-1868). Kafin rasuwarsa a 1868 ya haifi ýaýa guda huɗu duk maza ne kuma sun yi sarauta dukkansu. Wadata (2009:42)

4.7.6 Sarkin Katagum Muhammadu Hajji (1868- 1896)

Haka kuma Muhammadu Hajji ya jagoranci yaƙe-yaƙe da dama da Sarkin Musulmi, Muhammadu Hajji ya rasu a shekara ta (1896). Wadata (2009:43)

4.7.7 Sarkin Katagum Abdulƙadir Na II (1896- 1905)

Abdulkadir II ya gaji mahaifinsa Muhammadu Hajji ya zama sarkin Katagum bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa ya fuskanci hare-hare daga Ningi. A lokacinsa ne kuma aka yi yaƙin Gamawa a (1900), haka kuma a lokacinsa ne Baturen Ingila mai suna Captain Swords Column ya zo Katagum a shekara ta (1902). Haka kuma, sarki Abdulkadir ya rasu a watan Mayu, 1905. Wadata (2009:44)

4.7.8 Sarkin Katagum Muhammadu (1905- 1908)

Muhammadu ya zama sarki bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Abdulkadir na II. Ya kuma hau sarautar Katagum a shekara ta (1909), haka kuma rasuwarsa ta haifar da rigima a Katagum har ta kai aka sace tuta. Wadata (2009:45)

4.7.9 Sarkin Katagum Abdulƙadir Na III (1908- 1947)

Abdulkadir na III ya zama sarkin Katagum bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Muhammad. A lokacin da mahaifinsa Muhammadu ya rasu, da farko masu zaɓen sarki sun zaɓi ƙaninsa sarkin Gaɗau Matta a matsayin sarkin Katagum. Bayan nan ne, wasu daga cikin masu zaɓen sarki suka sanar wa Turawa cewa shi sarki da ya rasu yana da babban ɗa. A lokacin Abdulkadir na III yana matsayin Hakimin Azare. Turawa da wasu masu zaɓen sarki suka ce lallai sai dai a naɗa Abdulkadir na III. Haka kuma aka yi, katagum ta kasu kashi biyu. Wasu na goyon bayan Matta da kuma ɓangaren Abdulkadir. Daga cikin masu goyon bayan Matta suka sace tuta aka boye a yashin kogi, wasu kuma sun ce a bayan gari aka boye ta. A lokacin Abdulkadir ne Turawa suka raba Harɗawa da Zadawa a ƙarƙashin Katagum suka mai da Misau saboda wasu dalilai.

A lokacinsa ne aka fara buɗe makarantar zamani ta farko a garin Azare, wato Central Firamare a shekara ta 1940, shi da Baturen Ingila mai suna Captain Makenza. Abin da ya sake faruwa a lokacinsa na tarihi shi ne dawo wa da hedikwatar masarautar Katagum cikin garin Azare daga tsohon garin Katagum maikaba a shekara ta (1911) saboda wasu dalilai. Wadata (2009:46)

4.7.10 Sarkin Katagum Umaru Farouk (1947- 1980)

Umaru Farouk shi ne, ya zama sarki a bayan murabus ɗin mahaifinsa Abdulkadir na III. A lokacin mulkin Umaru aka kafa “Native Authority” (N.A). Katagum ta samu ci gaba mai yawan gaske da ya haɗa da ruwan fanfo a garin Azare. Umaru Farouk ya yi shekara talatin da uku (33) yana kan gadon sarautar Katagum. Ya rasu a shekerar (1980). Wadata (2009:47)

4.7.11Sarkin Katagum Muhammadu Kabir Umar (1980- zuwa yau)

Muhammad Kabir Umar ya gaji mahaifinsa a shekara ta (1980). Kuma a zamanin Alhaji (Dr.) Kabir Umar an samu sauye-sauye na zamani masu ɗimbin yawa ta ɓangarori da dama. Allah cikin ikonSa har yanzu shi ke riƙe da sarautar Katagum. Wadata (2009:48-49)

4.8 Sauran Sarautun da ke Ƙasar Katagum (Hakiman Sarkin Katagum)

Katagum ƙasa ce mai faɗin gaske, saboda haka, sarki yana wakilta wakilansa a sassa daban daban na ƙasarsa. Wanda ita ma Katagum kamar sauran masarautun ƙasar Hausa ne tana da tsarin shugabanci kamar haka:

4.8.1 Hakimi-

Asalin kalmar ta Larabci ne “Hakim” tana nufi mai hukunci. Ma’ana shi ne, wanda yake wakiltar sarkin mai sanda a yakinsa kuma yake shugabantar yakinsa a matsayinsa na shugaban al’ummar yankin. Wanda yana iya aiwatar da doka da kuma saka ta a yankinsa.

4.8.2 Dagaci-

            shi ne, ƙasa da hakimi wanda yake jagorantar yankinsa a matsayin shugaban wannan yanki, wanda duk wani abu da ya fi ƙarfinsa zai aika ga Hakimi domin yin hukunci ko sasantawa.

4.8.3 Mai-Anguwa-

 mai anguwa kuwa yana wakiltar anguwa ne wanda duk wani laifi ko wani abu za a aiwatar sai da saninsa, duk abin da ya fi ƙarfinsa kuma yana tura shi zuwa ga dagacinsa. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, Hakimi shi ne gaba da Dagaci, Dagaci kuma shi ne gaba da Maianguwa.

Ƙasar Katagum tana da Hakimai guda sha biyu (12), wanda ya haɗa ƙanana hukumomi shida wato:

1-      Ƙaramar Hukumar Katagum

-          Hakimin Azare

-          Hakimin Chinade

-          Hakimin Madara

2-      Ƙaramar Hukumar Shira

-          Haikimin Shira

-          Hakimin Disina

3-      Ƙaramar Hukumar Zaki

-          Hakimin Zaki

-          Hakimin Sakuwa

4-      Ƙaramar Hukumar Itas/Gaɗau

-          Hakimin Gaɗau

-          Hakimin Itas  

5-      Ƙaramar Hukumar Gamawa

-          Hakimin Gamawa

-          Hakimin Udubo   

6-      Ƙaramar Hukumar Giade

-          Hakimin Giade

Dukan waɗannan suna matsayin wakilan sarkin Katagum ne a yankunansu.

4.9 Naɗewa

Wannan shi ya kawo mu ƙarshen babi na huɗu. A nan mun ga muhimman abubuwa game da ƙasar Katagum da kuma sarakunan Katagum, da irin rawar da suka taka a wajen haɓakar Daular Usmaniyya da kuma fito da masarautar Katagum a fili ƙarara.

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[1] Shiraka sunan sarkin da ya kafa garin shira ne.