Sarautun Bayi A Kasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 5

Abstract

The aim of this study focuses on the traditional titles of slaves in Katagum. It is based on this aim that the research was presented in five chapters. The first two chapters focussed on general overview of the work and relevant literatures related to this research. Chapter three has taken broader look at the historical background of slevary in Hausaland. After the historical survey, the research narrowed to the slave-only traditional titles in Katagum. This has seen the research scrutinising indepthly all the issues surrounding slave-only traditional titles in Hausaland even before the emergence of Katagum. Similarly, the research has scrupulously found out the findings of the work. The research found out that some traditional titles have become extinct. Against this backdrop, traditional instutition have been recommended to establish a special traditional titles office that will handle the historical facts of the kingdom/emirate and other traditional title holders.

Tsakure 

Ƙudirin wannan aiki tunkarar Sarautun Bayi a ƙasar Katagum. Bisa ga wannan ƙudirin an kasa binciken zuwa babuka biyar. Goshin aikin ya tunkari gabatarwa da bitar ayyukan da suka gabace shi. Kashi na uku na aikin ya yi dogon share fage a kan tarihin bauta a ƙasar Hausa. Bayan an yi wa tarihi turke mai ma’ana sai aka dubi masarautar Katagum da sarautun bayi da ke ciki. Wannan ya nuna an ƙoƙarin kakkeɓe duk wata ƙura a tarihi da al’ada da bautar take ciki a ƙasar Hausa gabanin a yi ƙasar Katagum dubi na nutsuwa. Binciken ya yi kwakkwara da kammalawa wadda ta fito da ɗan sakamakon bincike da aka yi. Tabbas an gano cewa wasu sarautun gargajiya a fada sun soma ɓata. Don haka, tilas a farfaɗo ko ƙirƙiro wata sarauta cikin kowace masarauta a ƙasar Hausa da za ta kiyaye da tarihin sarautun masarautarta.

Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum (1814- 2016) – KASHI NA 5

Muhammad Abubakar Zabi
muhammadabubakarzabi@gmail.com
08136844199

SADAUKARWA

Na sadaukar da wannan aiki ga mahaifana, Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Malama Hauwa’u Ahmad. Allah Ya ƙara musu lafiya tare da imani, amin. Allah Ya saka musu da tarbiyar da suka yi mana. Mun gode, Allah Ya biya.

GODIYA

Godiya mafificiya ta tabbata ga Allah maɗaukakin sarki, mamallakin sammai da ƙasai, wanda Ya raya mu Ya kuma ba mu ikon kawowa wannan mataki. Tsira da amincin Allah su ƙara tabbata ga manzon tsira, Annabi Muhammadu (Sallahu Alaihi Wasalam).

Babu shakka, mutane da dama sun ba da gudummawa wajen ganin wannan aiki ya kammala cikin nasara. Sai dai ambaton sunayensu duka ba zai yi wuya ba, ko da kuma an ambata godiyar fatar baki ba za ta gamsar ba. Sai dai addu‘ar Allah Ya saka wa dukkan wanɗanda suka taimaka da alheri.

Godiya ta musamman wadda ba za ta misaltu ba ga Malamina kuma jagoran duba wannan aiki Farfesa Aliyu Muhammadu Bunza, wanda duk da ayyuka masu dama da suke gabansa, amma ya kula ya kuma yi ta taimakawa wajen duba aikin da kuma gyare-gyare ga wannan bincike. Kazalika, ya yi ta ba da shawarwari masu dama tun daga farkon aikin har zuwa ƙarshensa. Ina roƙon Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.

Haka kuma, godiya marar misaltuwa ga Malamina kuma jagoran duba wannan aiki na biyu wato Dr. Abdullahi Sarkin Gulbi shi ma ya yi namijin ƙoƙari wajen ganin wannan aiki ya yi nasarar kammaluwa. Ba don haɗin kan da ya bayar ba, da wannan aiki bai tsayu da ƙafafunsa ba. Da fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna fiddausi, amin.

Ina miƙa godiyata ta musamman ga malamina jagoran duba aikin na uku, Farfesa Y. Y Ibrahim na Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci (Islamic Studies Department), wanda da taimakonsa aikin nan ya samu kai wannan mataki. Ina fatar Allah Ya saka wa Malam da gidan Aljanna Fiddausi, amin.

Bayan haka, ina mai matuƙar bayyana jin daɗina da godiyata ga shugaban Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya, Jami´ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Farfesa Atiku Ahmad Dunfawa, ina yi wa Malam fatar Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina godiya ga dukannin Malamaina na Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Najeriya na Jami`ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, Sakkwato. Waɗanda suka haɗa da: Farfesa Ibrahim Makoshy, da Farfesa Abdullahi Bayero Yahya, da Farfesa Haruna Abdullahi Birniwa, da Farfesa Ahmad Halliru Amfani, da Farfesa Salisu Ahmad Yakasai, da Farfesa Abdulhamid Ɗantumbishi, da Dr. Bello Bala Usman, da Dr. Ibrahim Sarkin Sudan, da Dr. Yakubu Aliyu Gobir, da Dr. Abdulbasir Ahmad Atuwo, da Dr.Yahya Idris, da Dr. Umar Aliyu Bunza, da Dr. Nasiru Aminu Kalgo, da Malam Naziru Ibrahim Abbas da Malam Sama’ila Umar da Malam Dano Balarabe Bunza da Malam Mustafa Muhammad da Malam Musa Shehu. Abokanin karatuna ma sun taimaka da shawarwari da addu’a na gode Allah Ya biya. Waɗanda ta hanyar basira da ilmi da kyakkyawar fahimtarsu na samu nasarar kammala wannan karatu.

Ba zan manta da Hakiman ƙasar Katagum ba, musamman Hakimin Itas da Hakimin Gamawa da Hakimin Sakuwa da Hakimin Gaɗau da kuma Hakimin Azare, da iyayen ƙasa na masarautar Katagum da kuma, Majalisar Masarautar Katagum wajen ba ni lokaci na musamman domin tattaunawa da su. Na gode Allah Ya saka da alheri, Amin. Gadiya ta musamman ga Sarkin Garinmu Alhaji Muhammadu Abdulkadir Madakin Zabi wanda ya taimaka wajen ba ni shawarwari da ƙarfafa mun guiwa wajen ganin kammaluwar wannan bincike, shi ma Allah Ya saka masa da alheri. Ina miƙa godiya ga Ma`aikatar ilimin Firamare ta Giyaɗe, Jihar Bauchi da ta taimaka mun wajen ba ni damar tafiya wannan karatu. Allah Ya saka da alheri.

Ba zan manta da abokaina ba, waɗanda suka ba ni shawarwari tare da taimako na ƙara ƙarfin guiwa kan wannan karatu. Musamman irin su Malam Abdullahi Zabi da Muhammad Abubakar (Khalifa) da Umar Barde da Alhaji Muhmood Abba da Abduƙadir Namangi da Ibrahim Ɗanbaba da Ja’afar Bello da sauran Malaman da suke Makarantar Firamare ta Baduware. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka da alheri.

Bayan haka, godiya ta musamman ga abokan karatuna na wannan jami`a ta Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo Sakkwato. Irin su Ahmad Garba Aliyu da Jibrin Yusuf da Alhaji Musa Abdulrahaman da Malam Imam Abdullahi da Hajiya Zara‘u da Shamsudeen Isma’il da ma sauran waɗanda ban ambaci sunayensu ba. Duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya sa mu haɗa wannan karatu lafiya, Ya sanya mana albarka a cikinsa.

Daga ƙarshe, ina miƙa godiyata ga mahaifana Malam Abubakar Wazirin Zabi da Hauwa’u Ahmad. Sannan da matata Maijidda Bello da ‘Yayana Khadiji Muhammad Jaɓɓello. da Salmanu Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Al’amin Muhammad Jaɓɓello da Ibrahim Muhammad Jaɓɓello duk ina musu fatar Allah Ya saka musu da alheri amin.

BABI NA BIYAR

TSARIN SARAUTU A FADAR KATAGUM

5.1 Shimfiɗa

Wannan ɓangare ne na gudanar da harƙar mulki a fadar sarkin Katagum, wato mataimaka wajen gudanar da mulki. Sun kasu kashi biyu. Ga su kamar haka:

5.2 Hakimai masu Ƙasa

Hakimai masu ƙasa su ne waɗanda suke jagorantar al’umma a wasu yankuna, wanda suke a ƙarƙashin jagorancin sarkin yanka. Wanda kuma suna zama a matsayin wakilan sarkin Katagum ne a yankunansu, suna taimaka masa ta ɓangaren abin da ya shafi sha’anin mulki. Kamar ta fuskar abin da ya shafi horo da hani da yin hukunce- hukunce da aiwatar da doka da kuma saka ta a tsakanin jama’ar ƙasa. Misali kamar Zaki Galadima ne yake riƙe da ita, da kuma, Itas yadda ita kuma Tafida ne yake jagorantar masarautar.

5.3 Hakimai masu Karaga

Su ne waɗanda suke riƙe da muƙaman da ake bayarwa a fada, wanda su ba ƙasa ake ba su ba, domin taimaka wa sarki ta ɓangaren abin da ya shafi sha’anin tafiyar da mulki, kama daga shawara da duk wani abun da zai iya tasowa a fada. Hakimai masu karaga su ne kamar Waziri da Galadima da Talba da Shamaki da Wali da sauransu. Su ma ana iya ɗaukar ɗaya a cikinsu a ba su riƙon ƙasa.

A fadar Katagum akwai rabe-raben sarautu a fada kamar haka:

5.3.1 Sarautun ’Ya’yan Sarki

            Waɗannan sarautu ne da ake ba wa ‘ya’yan sarki kawai. Wanda su ma a matsayinsu na ‘ya’yan sarki akwai irin gudumuwar da suke bayarwa wajen gudanar da harƙoƙin mulki. Ta fuskar taimakawa sarki. Sarautun ga su kamar haka[1]:

1-      Ciroma

2-      Yarima

3-      Ɗanmaje

4-      Ɗaniya

5-      Ɗanlawan

6-      Sardauna

7-      Ɗanburan

8-      Sarkin Dawaki

9-      Sarkin Dawakin Tsakar Gida

10-  Sarkin Bai

11-  Baura

12-  Ɗanruwatau

13-  Ɗandarman

5.3.2 Sarautun Bayi

Waɗannan sarautu da ake ba wa bayin sarki waɗanda aka aminta da su domin su ma su bayar da tasu gudumuwa ta ɓangaren abin da ya shafi gudanar da harƙoƙin mulki a fada. Ga sarautun kamar haka[2]:

1-    Makama         11- Harɗo         21- Barade

2-    Sarkin Dogarai    12- Maidala       22-Baraya

3-    Wambai         13- Barwa         23- Masu

4-    Sarkin Yaƙi      14- Ɗanrimi       24- Gado-da-masu

5-    Dandalma        15- Garkuwa      25- Jakada

6-    Shamaki         16- Ma-ja-sirdi     26- Harɗo mai Dawki

7-    Sallama          17- Kilishi        27- Sarkin Zagi

8-    Mabuɗi          18- Maga-yaƙi     28- Jarma

9-    Shantali         19- Lifidi         29- Ƙaura

10- Tafida           20- Galadima      30- Maitafari

5.3.3 Sarautun Barorin Sarki

            Waɗannan sarautu ana ba wa masoyan sarki ne waɗanda suka kasance ‘yan boko ko masu riƙe da wasu muƙamai na gwamnati da siyasa da sauran mutanen gari waɗanda suka dace. Buƙata dai su taimaka wajen gudanar da abin da ya shafi harƙoƙin gudanar da mulki a fadar Katagum da ci gaban masarautar. Sarautun sun haɗa da:[3]

1-      Waziri                 16- Sarkin Busa      31- Danejo

2-      Galadima              17- Sarkin Fawa      32- Dallatu

3-      Majidaɗi               18- Sarkin Rafi      33- Magatakarda

4-      Turaki                 19- Sarkin Ruwa     34- Dokaji

5-      Ɗan’amar              20- Sarkin Aska      35- Ajiya

6-      karofi                 21- Sarkin Kasuwa    36- San Turaki

7-      Madaki                22- Sarkin Tuke      37- Matawalle

8-      Magajin gari            23- Sarkin Shanu     38- Sallanki

9-      Ɗanbadami             24- Magajin Rafi     39- Fagaci

10-  Durɓi                 25- Katika           40- Ɗanmasani             

11-  Talba                 26- Marafa           41- Tafarki

12-  Ɗanmaliki             27- Shatima         

13-  Uban Doma            28- Zanna

14-  Sarkin fada             29- Sa’i

15-  Ɗangaladima           30- Wali

5.4 Yaƙe-yaƙen Ƙasar Katagum

Katagum ƙasa ce wanda take da gwarazayen sarakuna waɗanda suka yi fice ta ɓangarori da dama, kamar ta fuskar jarumta da yaƙe-yaƙe da dai sauransu. A wancan lokaci bincike ya nuna cewa a irin halin da ƙasa take ciki wanda a cikin irin wannan halin Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo ya girma, ya kuma yi niyyar gyarawa ya mayar da hali irin na Musulunnci. Akwai sarakuna da yawa a ƙasar Hausa waɗanda dangantaka tsakaninsu ba ta da kyau. Akwai gaba da ƙoƙirin murƙushe juna, wato kullum ana cikin yaƙi, su manyan sarakunan lokacin suna da tsarin mulki daga sarkin karaga sai sarakunan ƙauyuka da sarkunan noma, duk waɗannan suna taimakawa wajen nuna ƙarfin mulki. A lokacin hanyoyin samun kuɗin sarki shi ne ganimar yaƙi da harin kama bayi da harajin sana’a da haraji a kan mazauna ƙauyuka bisa abin da suka noma. A waɗansu wararen sau uku ake karɓar jangali, ba mai iya tsawatarwa sarki. ‘Ya’yan sarki da barorin sarki suna da ta su hanyar ta samun kuɗi ta kwace dukiyar talaka ko su mai da talaka bawa su sai da shi. Aminu Sale cewa ya yi:

“Sarautar wannan lokaci ba ta Musulunci ba ce, ba ta da manufa sai biyan buƙatun sarakuna ta dogara a kan mutuncin mutane da dukiyarsu da rayuwarsu. Waɗannan su ne halayen hukumar kafirai, kada Musulmi su kuskura su kwaikwaye su” Saleh (2004:7-8)

 

A wannan hali da ake ciki a wannan lokaci ne Shehu da taimakon almajiransa suka tashi tsaye don jadadda addinin Musulunci da halayyar Musulunci a ƙasa. Don haka, abin da Shehu da almajiran suka yi shi ne, suka yaƙi kafirai da azzalumai da duk wani musabbabin lalacewa. Waɗannan abubuwa na daga cikin dalilan da suka jawo yaƙe-yaƙen da masarautar Katagum ta yi. Ga yaƙe-yaƙen kamar haka:

            Yaƙin da Malam Zaki ya fara shi ne, yaƙi da sarkin Udubo wato Muhammadu bn Bukar bn Ahmed Albarnawiyu. A wannan lokaci sarkin Udubo Muhammadu yana da ‘ya’ya 332 da bayi 600 da kuma ‘yan uwa 57. Wadata (2009:22)

            Rundunar Malam zaki ta tara Larawa (Barebari) da Fulanin Udubo, Malam Zaki bai ji daɗin yaƙin ba, sai ya ƙaura da jama’arsa zuwa Auyo yadda zai haɗu da Arɗo Adu’a da Umaru da Sambo Digimsa duk Fulani ne a jejin Auyo da Tashena. A wannan tafiya an yi yaƙe- yaƙe a kan hanya har aka kashewa Malam Zaki mutum 29, tafiya da ta ɓaci sai suka dawo garin Shellum, domin sake shiri. Sale (2004:14)

            Daga nan sai ya tafi Sakkwato, bayan dawowarsa daga Sakkwato bai zame ko’ina ba, kan sa tsaye sai Yayu, kafin su ƙaura zuwa Shellum tare da Wazirinsa Muhammadu Nayayu da Galadima Abubakar na II da Harɗo Dudu da Ladan Ibrahim Imrajo da Gwani Yamma Umar da Ahmaduduwa da Ali Yaya da Muhammadu Sambo da Sarkin yaƙi Kari (Abubakar Dada) da Ja’o ɗan Hari da Dukko ɗan Abu da Ɗan uwansa Liman Adandaya da Alkali Usman da Yakudima Hamdi ɗan Haruna da kuma bayi guda bakwai (7). Malam Zaki ya tafi Shellum da jama’ar fada don haka, sai aka so a yaƙi Sarkin Udubo, amma sai sarkin Udubo Muhammadu ɗan Abubakar da jama’arsa suka riga su kai hari, suka same shi amma ba su kama shi ba. Daga nan sai Malam Zaki da jama’arsa suka ƙaurato yamma zuwa wajejen ƙauyen Auyo, daga nan suka juya suka kama Tashena a 1201 AH (1805-6). Da ya kama Tashena sai Malam Zaki ya maido da mazauninsa nan don kai sabbin hare-hare. Daga nan sai ya kawo hari kan Gaɗau amma bai ji daɗin karon ba sai ya janye.

            Da ya sake shiri ya kuma sami gudumawa sai ya dawo da ƙarfinsa ya kama Gaɗau. Daga nan sai ya doshi Shira, a nan ma an yi gumurzu, amma da dare sai Sarkin Shira ya zo wajen Malam Ibrahim Zaki a asirce, shi Malam Ibrahim Zaki bai san cewa shi ne sarkin ba, ya zaci ɗan saƙo ne sai sarkin Shira ya zauna a gaban Malam Zaki ya bayyana kansa. A ka yi ƙaramar yarjejeniyar cewa da safe sarkin Shira zai kawo dukan manyan mayaƙansa da shugabannin gari su arba’in su yi mubaya’a. Sarkin Shira ya yarda da haka bisa alƙawari mai ƙarfi. Da gari ya waye Sarkin Shira ya cika alƙawarinsa ya zo da jama’arsa suka yi mubayi’a ga Malam Ibrahim Zaki. Shi kuma, ya yi musu alheri mai yawa ya bar su suka koma gida. Wannan shi ne mabuɗin ƙasar Shira a 1807. Daga nan Malam Zaki ya yi wajen Kurba da yaƙi ya yaƙi Uzum da Burku da Faguji da Jarmawo da ya gama da su, sai ya nufi Misau zamanin sarkin Misau Turi bn Magaji, amma ba a yi yaƙi ba don sun ji sarkin Shira bai yi yaƙi da Malam Ibrahim Zaki ba. Daga nan Malam Ibrahim Zaki sai ya juya zuwa Udubo kan babban abokin gabarsa sarkin Udubo Muhammadu bn Abubakar ran 27 ga Rabiyyul Auwal 1207, A.H. Jama’ar garin ba su son wannan yaƙin don haka sai suka juya wa Sarki baya. Hakan ne ya sa Sarkin yaƙin Udubo tare da ‘ya’yansa ashiri da huɗu (24) suka kashe sarkin Udubo, don su yi mubaya’a. Daga safiya zuwa azahar aka gama kama Udubo. Daga nan Malam Zaki ya tafi wajen Gaɗiya. A hankali sai da ƙasar Katagum gaba ɗaya ta zama ƙarƙashin Malam Zaki. Ganin haka, sai Malam Zaki ya himmatu wajen shirin mulkin Katagum. Malam ya yi mulkinsa ne tare da shawarar jama’a, hatta mata ba a bar su a baya ba. Sale (2004: 15)

            A nan Tashena sai Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodio ya ba da izinin a kai hari ƙasar Borno aka tara jama’a aka yi shirin yaƙi. An fita ranar ashiri da biyu (22) na Jimada-ula. Rundunar Malam Zaki ta fara ne kan Kachalla Kayo, wani babban ɗan tawaye aka kashe shi a garin Kayuri, yana tare da Usman bin Musa Muhammadu Almare, daga zuriyar Dilara na ƙasar Chadi. Ɗan Kachalla mai suna Kayo ya gudu ya shiga cikin Gizmawa, a nan ma bai sami sauƙi ba, don mai Borno Bukar ya yaƙe su a Dawasa. Bayan nan sai Kayo ya koma Potiskum, a nan ya yi ƙoƙarin gama da Kachalla Kayo Malam Zaki ya yaƙi Garko bayan sallar layya 1208 A.H. Daga nan ya ci gaba da yaƙe- yaƙen da aka nisa gabas, da sarkin Dawasa Muhammadu bin Ahmadu ya ji labarin Malam Zaki, sai ya janye daga garinsa. Malam Zaki ya zauna a garin na tsawon wata uku da kwana ashiri da biyar (25). Saboda haka ne ake cewa Malam Zaki ya mulki gabas da Dawasa. Malam Zaki yana zaune a nan ne ya aika Sakkwato wurin Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo, don ya ji ko zai zauna a ƙasar Borno, inda Shehu ya ce, ya janye bai ba shi izinin zama a ƙasar Borno ba. Don haka, Malam Zaki ya janye don kar ya saɓa wa Shehu ya dawo ƙasarsa. Wasu sun ce saboda wannan mulkin da ya yi a Dawasa ne, ake wa sarkin Katagum laƙabi da sarkin Borno. Sale (2004: 15)

            Yaƙin Ngazargamu, Malam Zaki ya karkata daga gabashin ƙasarsa zuwa arewaci, wato gefen Haɗeja ya kama Auyo da Nguru da Marma a 1807 a cikin littafin Wadata 2009 ( Dr. Low shafi 110) wannan nasara da ya yi ta sa ya kai hari na farko har Ngazargamu a 1808-1810.

Malam Zaki da rundunarsa sun kai hari na farko birnin Ngazargamu a wannan lokaci an fafata sosai babu ɓangaren da ya yi nasara. Daga bisani Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo ya umarci Malam Zaki ya kai hari na biyu birnin Ngazargamu. A wannan lokaci ne mayaƙan Katagum da na Haɗeja suka sake kai hari na biyu. Malam Zaki da rundanarsa sun yi nasara a kan Shehun Borno mai suna Mai Amadu, Malam Zaki ya yi nasara a kan birnin Ngazargamu.

Binciken da Sale, ya gudanar ya nuna cewa a nan Malam Zaki ya nemi izinin zama, amma Shehu bai yarda ba. Rashin a bar shi ya zauna a ƙasashen da ya ci da yaƙi dan haka, ala tilas ta sa Malam zaki ya haƙura. Dr. Low ya ce, a zatonsa dalilin da ya sa Shehu bai bar Malam Zaki ya zauna a Borno ba gudun kada ya kafa daula tsakanin Sakkwato da Borno, ma’ana kada Malam Zaki ya fita daga ƙasar Usmaniyya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Shehu Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo yaƙi amincewa da buƙatar. Wadata (2009:24-27) da Sale (2004:13-14)

Bayan nan a lokacin Muhammadu Hajji yaƙi ya kaure tsakanin Katagum da ƙasar Ningi a lokacin sarkin Katagum yana kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Sakkwato, wanda yaƙin an yi shi ne a Tumfafi a shekara 1883. Allah Ya ba wa Katagum nasara a kan Ningi, amma duk da nasara da aka ci Katagum ta yi hasarar mutanenta ciki kuwa har da Buluzuma ɗan Sarki Abdulƙadir na I

Sai yaƙi na ƙarshe a ƙasar katagum, wanda aka yi tsakanin Katagum da Gamawa. A lokacin sarki Abdulƙadir na II a shekarar 1900. Wanda sanadiyar yaƙin shi ne Gamawa ta ce ita ma yanzu za ta fita daga ƙasar Katagum, ta kafa ƙasarta nan fa aka fafata. Wanda sarkin Sakuwa Muhammadu shi ya jagoranci yaƙin. Waɗanda suka tallafa masa kuma sun haɗa da Jakada Basharu da Muhammadu Gudidi da Barde Haruna da Makama Zuloƙi da sauransu. Nan dakarun Katagum suka murƙushe na Gamawa aka kashe sarkin Gamawa, garin ya dawo ƙarƙashin ikon sarkin Katagum. Hira da Harɗon Katagum (16/02/ 2017, 04:00:08 na yamma)

 

 

 

5.5 Kasuwar Cinikin Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum

Kasuwa waje ne da ake sayi da sayarwa, domin hidimomin yau da kullum. Ciniki kuma na nufi sayar da abu bisa yardar mai kaya da wanda ya sayi kayan. Bisa kula da waɗannan za mu iya cewa kasuwar bayi waje ne da ake hada-hadar sayar da bayi.

A ƙasar Katagum an gudanar da kasuwar cinikin bayi a cikin yankunan ƙasar kamar yadda aka gudanar a sauran yankunan ƙasar Hausa.

1-      Disina

2-      Gamawa a Anguwar Tamsugugi

Ana kai bayi maza da mata kasuwa, idan za a kai bawa kasuwa a kan tafi da ruwa a buta, wanda shi bawa a kan shafa masa toka. Amfanin buta shi wanda ya zo sayan yakan ce a wanke masa shi ya gani ko yana da wata illa a jikinsa da kuma bawa idan an je kasuwar wasu a kan ɗaure su a cikin mari wasu kuma haka ake sake su, a lokacin da mai saye ya zo zai sayi bawan. Bawan na iya cewa bana kaunarka ka da ma ka saye ni domin ba zan yi maka biyayya ba. Wani kuma bawan kan ce masa zo ka saye ni zan maka duk abin da ka umarce ni. Ana gudanar da cinikin da wuri da keso da zambar ko kuma ta hanyar musaya wato, mutum kan iya kai bawa a ba shi wani abu da yake buƙata kamar Dawaki da kayan doki ko kayan hawan dokin ko abinci ko kayan yaƙi. Ya dai danganta da yadda mutune suka yarda. Hira da Burga (21/11/2016, 10:48:02am)

5.6 Fitattun Bayi A ƙasar Katagum

Ƙasar Katagum kasa ce kamar kowace ƙasa wanda tana da bayi da suka shahara a ɓangarori da dama, kama ga jarumta da gagara a zamunansu da buwayar mutanen wannan lokaci da dai sauransu. Ga kaɗan daga cikin fitattun bayi da aka yi a ƙasar Katagum:-

-          Makama Abare: Makama Abare ya shahara a lokacinsa. An yi shi a lokacin Malam Ibrahim Zaki(1804- 1814). Ya shahara ta ɓangare jarumta. A lokacinsa sarki duk wani abin da ya gagara shi ake sawa a gaba. Ɓangaren wanda suka yi laifi ko kuma faɗa tsakanin wasu jama’a ko kuma sarki ya aika ya zo yaƙi ko kuma wani ɗan fashi ya damu al’umma to Makama Abare za a tura domin ya zo da shi gaban sarki. Wanda ya gaje shi ne, ɗansa Makama Amadu.

-       Duma: Duma bawan sarki. Shi ma wannan bawa ne da aka yi a ƙasar Katagum wanda ya buwaya a zamaninsa. An ce, a lokacin har fashi da makami yake yi ko ya tare ayari shi ɗaya. Daga baya ya zama dogarin sarki. Saboda tsabar jarumtarsa ne aka ba shi Sarkin Dogarai. Wanda shi duk wani mutum ko gari in sun gagari sarki Duma ake tura musu ko a tura ya zo da shi. Wanda Mawaƙinsa Ibrema yake masa kirari da

       Duma bawan sarki da a ce maka Allah gara a ce maka ga aikin   

       sarki

Sarkin Dogarai Shehu ne ya gaje shi. Bayan rasuwarsa.

-    Yayyafa: Yayyafa da Duma kusan lokaci guda suka rayu a zamanin sarki Abdulƙadir (1947), wanda shi ya shahara amma bai kai Duma ba. Shi ma ya zama Dogarin sarki a lokacin Sarki Abdulkadir III. Shi ma ana masa kirari da:

      Yayyafa ka nemi rabonka nan duniya bakka rabo 

       a lahira, walakiri da munkarin sun haɗa komai

Tsabar rashin tausayinsa da rashin imaninsa ne ake masa wannan kirari, domin duk wanda ya shiga hannunsa ba ya share wa da daɗi.

-    Garkuwa Shehu: Garkuwa Shehu an yi shi lokacin Sarki Umaru a shekarar (1948), wanda ya shahara ainun a ƙasar Katagum da ma maƙwabtan ƙasar. Garkuwa ya kai in zai je wajen tun yana wani gari kafin ya iso garin an samu labarin isowarsa. Kuma wannan lokaci kusan kowa tsoronsa yake yi domin duk fitinar mutum ba ya so a haɗa shi da Garkuwa. Kusan a wancan lokaci Garkuwa Shehu sai da ya buwaya a zamaninsa kuma duk wani faɗa ko rikici da ake a ƙasar Katagum shi ake tura wa, zuwansa ke da wuya wannan rikici ko faɗa ya mutu. Misali faɗan Gunda. Garkuwa yana cikin mutane da suka taimaka wajen kawo ƙarshensa. Matsayinsa a fada ya fara riƙe matsayin Wakilin Doka sannan ya koma Sarkin Dogarai. Hira da Alhaji Muhammadu Gaɗauji Turakin Katagum (10/11/2016 2:28:12 na yamma)

5.7 Ayyukansu Sarautun Bayi a Ƙasar Katagum

Kowace al’umma da ƙasa a duniya tana da tarihin asalin kafuwarta, tana da al’adunta da ɗabi’unta waɗanda take alfari da su wanda su ne ke bambanta wata ƙasa ko al’umma da wata. Ta hanyar tarihi da al’adu da ɗabi’un al’umma ne ake sanin mashahurai daga mutanenta da irin gudumuwar da suke bayar wa wajen ɗaukaka da martabar al’umma ko ƙasar tasu har ma ta kai ana buga misali da halaye da ɗabi’unsu.

Katagum ƙasa ce mai faɗi wanda a duk Jahar Bauci babu masarautar da ta kai ta yawan ƙasa da Hakimai. Bauci tana da masarautu shida da suka haɗa da: Bauci da Ningi da Dass da Misau da Jama’are da Katagum. Katagun tana da hakimai goma sha biyu wato, Azare da Madara da Chinade da Sakuwa da Gaɗau da Shira da Disina da Itas da Giade da Gamawa da Udubo da Katagum mai kaba, wanda daga cikin Hakiman guda bakwai ‘ya ‘yan Sarki ne guda biyar kuma ba ‘yan Sarki ba ne. Wanda wannan aikin ya zaɓi Hakimai biyar da masarautar kanta, domin a ga yadda sarautun bayin suke gudanar da ayyukansu a ƙasar Katagum jiya da yau.

Masana tarihi sun bayyana cewa masarautar Katagum tana daga cikin masarautu na farko a cikin daular Usmaniyya. Katagum tana da faɗin ƙasa kuma ta samu jerin sarakuna har guda goma sha ɗaya, wanda suka taimaka wajen bunƙasa ƙasar. Allah Ya arzurta ƙasar Katagum da ƙasar noma. Suna noman rani da na damina. Wanda wannan ya taimaka wajen ƙaruwar gari ya cika ya tumbatsa. Mafi yawan yaren da ake yi a yanki, sun haɗa da: Hausa da kare-kare da Fulantance da Barbarci

5.7.1 Ayyukan Sarautun Bayi a Masarautar Katagum

Masarautar Katagum tana da nata sarautun bayi da take da su, wanda suna da ayyuka na musamman da suke aiwatarwa a ƙasar. A ɓangaren, za a bayyana ayyukan irin waɗannan sarautu na bayi jiya da yau, wanda za a ga yadda suke gudanar da ayyukan nasu a masarautar, da irin gudumuwar da suke bayarwa ta fuskar ci gaban ƙasa da ma mulki da tsaron ƙasa kamar sauran sassan ƙasar Hausa. Bisa ga abin da wannan aikin ya nuna, a ƙasar kowace fada kusan tana da nata sarautun bayi wanda yawanci daga babbar fada suka kwaikwaya. Ga su kamar haka:-

i-             Makama

Wannan sarautar makama, babbar sarauta ce a masarautar Katagum, kuma an soma ta tun lokacin sarkin farko, wato lokacin mulkin Malam Zaki (1814). Makama shi ne shugaban bayi na fada. Babban aikinsa a fadar shi ne, mai kula da lamuran da suka shafi Hakiman ƙasar baki ɗaya, wanda duk wani abu da yake tsakanin sarki da hakimai shi ne mai aiwatarwa. Wannan sarauta har yanzu aikinta bai canja ba a masarautar Katagum. Duk cikin waɗanda suke rike da sarautar bayi a masarautar Katagum babu kamar sa a wajen sarki.

            Aikin mai riƙe da wannan sarauta ta Makama a fadar Katagum shi ne, mai riƙe da makamai a zamanin da, da ake yaƙi. Sannan shi yake riƙe da gari in sarki baya nan da sauran garuruwan Hakimai. Alal misali idan Hakimin wani gari ya mutu ko ya yi wani laifi shi ake turawa domin ya wakilci sarki a wannan garin kafin a zaɓi wani. Haka kuma shi ne, mai kamawa sarki masauki in ya yi tafiya ta rangadi, kuma shi ne idan an ba wa mutum sarauata yake kawo shi ya zaunar da shi a gaban sarki kafin liman ya naɗa masa rawanin sarautar da aka ba shi. Haka zalika Makama yana daga ciki mutum biyar masu zaɓen sabon sarki a masarautar Katagum. Bayan haka, kuma mai riƙe da sarautar Makama idan an naɗa sabon sarki a masarautar, shi yake ba wa sabon sarkin takobin Malam Zaki. Wanda yake rike da wannan sarauta ta Makama kusan yanzu shi yake aiwatar da duk wasu lamura na fada.

ii-            Sarkin Dogarai

Aikin mai riƙe da wannan sarauta shi ne, shugaban tsaro a fada wato, duk abin da ya shafi tsaro a fada, to shi yake kula da shi. Ba yadda wani abu zai shiga fada kaya ko mutum ba tare da sanin sarkin dogarai ba. Wannan sarauta har yanzu ba ta canja ba, aikin ɗaya yake jiya da yau.

iii-          Dandalma

Amfanin wannan sarauta shi ne duk yadda muhallin fada yake to shi ne mai kula da shi. Bayan haka, kuma duk wani taro da za a yi, in dai na fada ne, to shi ne mai gabatar da taron a ‘yan majalisar sarki. Idan an yi aure a fada, idan dukkan biyun jinin sarauta ne, wato ango da amarya. To Dandalma sai an biya shi kuɗin filinsa da aka yi amfani da shi, haka kuma idan hidima a fada ce dole a sanar da shi. Dandalma shi ne mai bayar da gida ko gona ga baƙo ko wani makamanci haka. Dandalma yana cikin ‘yan goman sarki, wato waɗanda suke tsayawa bayan sarki ranar sallah in an yi hawa. Wannan sarauta ita ma zamani ya sa ta yi rauni ainu, saboda a yanzu zamani ya yi tasiri a kanta, wajen rasa aikinsa

iv-          Harɗo:

Babban aikin harɗo a fada shi ne, karɓar kuɗin haraji da jangali. Kuma yana daga cikin sharaɗin riƙe wannan sarauta sai kana jin fulatanci, domin kai ne wakilin sarki a wajen Fulani. Wannan sarauta a yanzu kusan ta daina amafani ko kuma ba ta da ƙarfi sosai a fada saboda canjawar zamani. Yana daga cikin ‘yan goma mazauna gefen sarki, wato goma dama, goma hagun. Yakan je fada ya zauna duk wani aiki da fada take buƙata za ta iya saka shi, amma yanzu babu wani takamaiman aiki da yake da shi a fada.

v-            Garkuwa

Aikin mai riƙe da wannan sarauta shi ne, kare sarki a fagen fama da gida, kuma duk wani kayan sarki yana hannunsa. A ranar Sallah yakan yi ɗamaru da sulke wato rigar yaƙi ta ƙarfe da hamilu da janjami a ƙugu ake ɗaura wa domin kare kai daga sara ya kuma riƙe garkuwa a hannu. A yanzu aikinsa shi ne, kula da sarki a duk inda yake. Shi ma yana cikin ‘yan goman sarki.

vi-          Lifidi

Aikin mai riƙe da wannan sarauta a masarautar Katagum shi ne, kula da marokan fada. Shi yake naɗa su. Inda wani maroki ya yi laifi shi yake ladafdar da shi. Kuma shi ne, wanda yake riƙe da ‘yan lifida, wato yana gaban sarki a kowace fita da zai yi domin kariya wato dai yana cikin dakaru masu kare lafiyar sarki. A da shi ne mai kula da kayan yaƙin sarki ko hawa suka yi shigar yaƙi yake yi. Ita ma wannan sarauta zamani ya rage mata ƙarfi ta wani gefen.

 

 

vii-         Sarkin Zagi

Babban aikin sarkin zagi a masarautar Katagum shi ne, mai shiga gaban sarki in zai fita rangadi ko hawan Sallah da dai duk wani muhimmin taro, su ne gaban sarki, wato daga su sai sarki kuma wani lokaci a ƙasa suke tafiya ba a kan dawakai ba, domin kare lafiyar sarki. Sukan yi shigar manyan kaya da bakin rawani da yafa luru ko gwado na saƙi da dora alkyabba, su kuma rataya takobi da ɗora malafa kan rawaninsu. Haka kuma, shi sarkin zagi shi ne mai riƙe da ragamar dokin sarkin.

viii-       Shamaki

Aikin wannan sarauta shi ne kula da dawakan sarki da kuma kayan dawakin. Kuma shi ne shugaban ‘yan barga wato (muri).

ix-           Shantali

Aikin mai riƙe da wannan sarauta a masarautar Katagum shi ne, rike buta idan sarki zai yi tafiya ko rangadi domin ɗahara ko wata buƙata ta daban. Wannan sarauta ita ma zamani ya tafi da aikinta. wanda kusan yanzu wanda yake riƙe da wannan sarauta fada na iya saka shi duk aikin da ta ga dama.

x-            Barwa

Babba aikin mai riƙe da wannan sarauta shi ne, bayar da ruwa a sarki. Wannan sarauta ta samu canji saboda zamani. Kawai mai riƙe da wannan sarauta yana matsayin yaron sarki ne, duk aikin da sarki ya so zai saka shi.

 

 

xi-          Mabuɗi

Duk wanda yake riƙe da wannan sarauta shi ne mai kula da duk ƙofofin fada da sito (Store) da duk wani abu da ake buɗewa ake rufewa shi yake kula da shi. Wato wajen da ake ajiyar kayan abinci da suturar sarki da dukiyar sarki da sauransu, amma yanzu mai riƙe da wannan sarauta aikinsa ya kau saboda tasirin zamani. Za a iya cewa a yanzu kusan dukiyar sarki tana hannunsa da ‘ya’yansa.

xii-         Galadima

Babban aikinsa kula da zamantakewar mutanen gari da ba wa sarki shawara, kuma yana cikin yan majalisar sarki. Duk wanda yake rike da sarautar Galadima a ƙasar Katagum mafi yawa shi ake tura wa Hakimin Zaki. A da sarautar Galadima ita ce sama da ta Waziri, amma a zamanin Ɗankauwa (1816) ya mayar da Waziri shi ne gaba da Galadima. Wannan sarauta har yanzu ana amfani da ita a masarautar. Bayan haka kuma tana cikin sarautun da suke zaɓar sabon sarki.

xiii-       Maidala

Mai wannan sarauta shi yake kula da tsaron ƙasa da kuma gidan yari. Haka kuma, idan an naɗa sabon sarki za a ba shi sanda shi yake ba da kwari da baka ta Malam Zaki ga sabon sarkin da aka naɗa. Sarautar Maidala babu wani aiki da yake da shi a fada a yanzu, sai dai sarki zai iya saka shi kowane irin aiki ya ga dama.

xiv-        Ma-ja-sirdi

Sarautar ma-ja-sirdi babban aikinsa a fadar Katagum shi ne, kula da yi wa dokin sarki kwaliya da ɗaura masa sirdi idan zai yi hawa. Wannan sarauta har yanzu aikinta yana nan bai canja ba.

xv-         Ɗanrimi

Wannan sarauta tana da muhimmanci a masarautar Katagum. Babban aikin wannan sarauta a da shi ne, kula da iyakokin ƙasa. Kuma Ɗanrimi idan an yi hawan Sallah shi ne a hagun ɗin sarki ko da sarki zai yi magana yana yi da shi ne. kuma yana cikin ‘yan goman sarki.

xvi-        Tafida:

Wannan sarauta a fadar Katagum tana cikin bayin sarki. Duk wanda yake riƙe da Hakimcin Itas shi ne Tafidan Katagum. Tafida babban aikinsa kula da shirya tafiye- tafiyen sarki da irin mutanen da za a tafi da su, da duk wata hidima da ta shafi tafiya. Wannan ita ma zamani yakau da aikinta.

xvii-      Kilishi

Mai riƙe da sarautar kilishi shi yake da ikon kula da duk wasu shimfiɗun sarki da yake amfani da su, kama daga fada har zuwa masallaci. Ita ma wannan sarauta zamani bai rage mata komai ba, wanda har yanzu aikinsa yana nan, domin har yanzu kilishi shi yake shimfiɗa wa sarki shimfiɗa a masallaci ko a kujerar da zai zauna a fada.

xviii-     Baraya

Mai wannan sarauta babban aikinsa a da shi ne, raba abinci a wajen yaƙi, amma a yanzu shi ne jakada tsakani gwamnati da sarki. Bayan haka, kuma yana cikin ‘yan goman sarki.

xix-        Ƙaura

Mai riƙe da sarautar ƙaura yana cikin masu kare sarki, wato kula da lafiyar sarki domin kar wani abu ya taɓa shi na ƙi. A lokacin yaƙi ma su ne a gaba, shi ya sa ma ake masa kirari da “Ƙaura ja yaƙi”. A yanzu yana cikin masu taimakawa liman in za a naɗa wani a fada.

xx-         Jakada

Mai riƙe da sarautar jakada shi ne mai kai saƙo Sakkwato ga sarkin Musulmi a zamanin da, amma yanzu wannan sarauta zamani ya yi tasiri a kanta.

xxi-        Harɗo Mai Dawaki

Sarautar Harɗo mai dawaki, babban aikinta shi ne kula da dawakin sarki. A yanzu wannan sarauta zamani ya yi tasiri a kanta.

xxii-      Barade

Babban aikin mai riqe da wannan sarauta a masarautar Katagum, lokacin da za a tafi yaqi sukan sa sulke wato rigar yanqi da janjami da xamaru kala-kala domin fita yaqi. A lokacin hawan Sallah idan sarki ya yi hawa su Barde ne kan gaba, wato masu shiga gaban sarki da xamaru kamar za a je yaqi. Duk wannan ana yi ne domin kare lafiyar sarki. Shi Barade zamani ya tafi da aikinsa a yanzu.

xxiii-     Jarma

Sarautar jarma ita ma a masarautar Katagum tana cikin dakarun sarki, wanda yana cikin masu kula da lafiyar sarki da iyalansa.

xxiv-     Wambai

Wannan sarauta ta wambai a yanzu amfanin ta a fadar Katagum shi ne wakiltar sarki a wurin da bai samu damar zuwa ba. Saboda muhimmancin wannan sarauata ta wambai akwai wani Baturen ingila da ya zo Katagum a shekara ta 1824, sai da ya fara ganin wambai kafin su gana da sarki.

 

xxv-      Masu

Sarautar masu shi ma yana cikin dakarun sarki, kuma shi yake raba masu in za a fita yaƙi. Kuma ranar Sallah shi ne mai wuce wa gaba yana kai hakimai masu ƙasa da karaga suna gaisuwa gun sarki.

xxvi-     Sallama

Sallama shi ne mai iso inda an yi baƙo gun sarki. Zai tambaye ka abin da ya kawo ka kafin ya kai ka gun sarki. Wannan sarauta har yanzu aikinta yana nan bai gushe ba.

xxvii-   Maga- yaƙi

Babban aikinsa shi ne kula da sha’anin da ya shafi yaƙi, kuma ko kai wa hari a ka yi shi ne zai jagoranta. Shi ake fara sanar wa yaƙi ya shigo gari, shi kuma ya sanar da sarki. Wannan sarauta ita ma zamani ya yi tasiri a kanta.

xxviii-  Gado da Masu

Shi ma yana cikin manyan dakarun sarki a zamanin da. A yanzu kuma wannan sarauta ta rasa aikinta sakamakon zamani.

xxix-     Sarkin Yaƙi:

Babban aikinta a fada shi ne kan gaba a fagen fama wato shi ne ja gaban dakarun rundunar mayaqa. A yanzu wannan sarauta ita ma zamani ya yi tasiri a kanta ta fuskar kwace aikinta, a yanzu yana zaman yaron sarki ne, za a iya saka shi kowane irin aiki ake buƙata a fada

xxx-      Maitafari:

Wannan sarauta aikinta a masarautar Katagum a da shi ne sanar da lokacin da sarki ya fito daga cikin gidansa. Yana buga bindiga sau ɗaya don sanarwar. A wannan lokaci wannan sarauta ta rasa aikinta sakamakon tasirin zamani, sai dai ya je fada ya yi gaisuwa in da aiki a sa shi in babu kuma shi kenan.

5.8 Tasirin Zamani a Kan Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum

1. Akasari waɗannan muƙamai sun fita daga gidajensu na gado, sun zama na sha’awa. Saboda haka, waɗanda suke da sha’awa za ka ga sun yi ƙoƙarin gani cewa an naɗa musu muƙaman da suka ga sun dace da su. Misali kamar Ɗanmaliki da Talba da sauransu.

2.      Rashin bayar wa wanda ya gaje ta. Wannan matsala ce da zamani ya zo da ita, wanda haka ya taimaka wajen rashin ganin ƙimar sarautar a idon wasu jama’ar gari

3.      Yin watsi da wasu al’adu na gargajiya a fada, da maye gurbinsu da na zamani. Misali kayan zama da shimfiɗu da ake amfani da su, da dai sauransu.

4.      Wasu sarautun sun rasa aikinsu, sakamakon tasirin zamani a kansu

5.      Saboda tasirin siyasa wasu waɗanda ake ba wa sarautar ba su ma san aikin sarautar ba a fada.

6.      Sakamakon tasirin zamani musamman ta fuskoki da dama, saboda yanzu an daina harkar bauta da yaƙi, da kuma zuwan Turawa, saboda yanzu mafi yawanci bayin sun ilmantu sun zama manyan mutune ta yadda ba za su iya yin aikin bautar kamar da ba. Haka kuma, aikin gwamnati shi ma ya taimaka wajen kawar da aikin masu riƙe da sarautun bayi a yau. Hukuma ta samar da ma’aikata na musamman a fadoji maimakon a da bayi ne ke yin aikin. Misali, kamar aikin da Jakada da ‘yan barga da sauransu suke yi, yanzu babu shi a fada. Abin bai tsaya nan ba har abin da ya shafi Dogarawa aka maye gurbinsu da ‘yan sanda, yanzu duk hukuma ce take kawowa.

5.9 Naɗewa

Wannan shi ya kawo mu ƙarshen babi na biyar. A nan mun ga yadda tsarin sarauta yake a fadar Katagum da muhimmancin sarautun bayi da ayyukansu a fadar Katagumt, yadda muka fahimci cewa muƙaman da bayi ke riƙe wa a fada suna taka muhimmanci a fada. Haka kuma, suna taimakawa sarakuna wajen gudanar da mulkinsu ya tafi dai dai, ba tare da tangarɗa ba.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

KAMMALAWA

Shimfiɗa

A wannan babin za a taƙaita binciken gaba ɗaya, wato tun daga babi na farko har zuwa na ƙarshe. Sannan aka daddale sakamakon binciken, inda aka ga yadda aikin ya tabbatar da hasashen binciken, wato “Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum.”

Taƙaitawa

Wannan bincike da aka yi mai taken “Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum” kasancewar mafi yawan al’umma tana da irin hanyoyin da take ganin sun fi dacewa su gudanar da rayuwarsu na yau da kullum. Irin waɗannan hanyoyi su ne suka taru suka zama al’ada, waɗanda suka sha bambanta a tsakanin wannan al’umma zuwa wata. To, amma yanayin zamantakewa kan haifar da wasu al’adu, idan aka sami cuɗanya a tsakanin al’ummomi daban-daban a kan sami musayar irin waɗansu al’adun. Sarauta tana haifar da kyakkyawar zamantakewa a cikin al’umma. Idan zamantakewa ta sami tauyewa, wannan na iya kai al’umma ga lalacewa baki ɗaya. Kazalika, jama’a ko rukunin al’umma kowa na iya ba da tasa gudumawa wajen gudanar da shugabanci ko iko (wato tsarin sarautarsu) Haka ya sa sarautun bayi suna da muhimmiyar rawa ko gudumuwa da suke bayar wa a masarautar Katagum. Wannan aiki ya binciko yanayin da ƙasar Katagum take, wato farfajiyarta a da can da yanzu. An bayyana asalin mutanen Katagum da kuma ƙasashen da take mulka, da taƙaitaccen tarihin sarakunan masarautar, da masu zaɓen sarki a fadar Katagum da yaƙe- yaƙen masarautar, da kasuwar bayi da aka gudanar a yankin. An kuma binciko fitattun bayi da aka taɓa samu a yankin. Ire-iren sarautun bayi da ake da su a ƙasar Katagum da irin rawar da suke takawa wajen ci gaban yankin da tasirin masu rike da sarautun.

A wannan babin, an yi bayanai a kan bauta a ƙasar Hausa yadda aka nazarci zuwan Larabawa da Turawa ƙasar Hausa, daga ina bauta ta samo asalin da kuma yadda gurbin bayi suke a masarautun ƙasar Hausa, da hanyoyin da ake samu bayi da ‘yan tasu da cinikin bayi a ƙasar Hausa yadda aka gudanar da shi, da haramta shi. Daga ƙarshe an yi nazarin sarautun bayi a ƙasar Katagum, manufa irin tasirin da tsarin da yanayi sarautun, misali ta fuskar kula da lafiyar sarki da iyalansa da al’ummar gari, saboda muhimmancin su suna cikin masu zaɓen sarki a fadar Katagum.

Sakamakon Bincike

Wannan bincike mai suna “Sarautun Bayi A Ƙasar Katagum”, ya yi nasarar gano cewa, Sarautun bayi suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban al’umma da masarauta baki ɗaya. An ci nasarar gano hakan ne ta hanyar nazartar littattafai, tare da ziyartar waɗanda suke da alaƙa da sarautar, da tattaunawa tare da iyayen ƙasa ta la’akari da abin da suka faɗi a kan sarautar.

·      Binciken ya gano akwai ’ya’yan bayi da suka zama Sarakuna a Masarautar Katagum a yau.

·      Binciken ya gano cewa bayi suna da ƙima a masarautar Katagum, da ma ƙasar baki ɗaya. A dalilin ƙimar su da darajarsu har mulki ake ba su na riƙon ƙasa. A yau haka abin yake domin sun zama ‘ya‘ya masu ‘yanci, ta yadda babu mai tsangwamar su.

·      Haka zalika, binciken ya gano sarautun Bayi sun rikiɗe sun zama kowa yana sha’awa sakamakon sun zama manya, haka kuma su ne Attajiran ƙasar. Wannan ya sa kowa yana sha’awar waɗannan sarautun da zarar an ji ta faɗi, kowa so yake a ba shi ita. To, akwai irin waɗannan da dama.

·      Binciken ya gano wasu sarautun a ƙasar Katagum na bayi ne, amma a wasu masarautun na ‘ya‘yan Sarki ne. Misali, sarautar Wambai a Katagum ta bayi ce, amma a Kano ta ‘ya‘yan Sarki ce. Haka kuma, abin yake Sarkin Bai da Sarkin Dawaki a Sakkwato ta bayi ce, amma a Katagum ta ‘ya‘yan sarki ce.

 

Shawarwari   

            Ya kamata dukkan hakiman ƙasar Katagum da masarautar kanta, a ƙirƙiri wata sarauta. Wanda aikinta zai kasance kula da tarihin ƙasar da kuma masarautar kanta. Misali yanzu za a tarar an zo neman wani abu na tarihi da kyar za a samu, amma idan akwai wanda fada ta tanada na musamman sai a tura mutum gunsa.

            Haka kuma, ya kamata kowace masarauta ta yi ƙoƙarin ba wa wanda ya gada sarautar gidansu. Hakan yana kawo zaman lafiya da kuma ƙara wa sarki daraja da ƙima a idon jama’ar gari.

            Haka kuma, idan ya zama dole sai sarautar ta fita, to! A ba wa mutumin kirki, domin mai riƙe da muƙami shi yake ƙara wa sarautarsa daraja da ƙima a idon jama’a.

Naɗewa

Wannan shi ya kawo mu ƙarshen aiki baki ɗaya. A nan mun ga muhimman abubuwa game da ƙasar Katagum da kuma sarakunan Katagum, da irin rawar da suka taka a wajen haɓakar Daular Usmaniyya da kuma fito da masarautar Katagum a fili ƙarara. A nan aka taƙaita aikin da kuma samun sakamakon bincike, yadda muka fahimci cewa muƙaman da bayi ke riƙe wa a fada suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunƙasa da ɗaukaka al’adaun Hausawa da kuma taimakawa sarakuna wajen gudanar da mulkinsu ya tafi dai dai, ba tare da tangarɗa ba. Wanda haka ya tabbatar mana cewa lallai in babu bayi a fada babu wani abu da zai iya gudana a fada, musamman dangane da sha’anin tsaro.

 

 

 

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Mutane da Aka Yi Hira da Su

1-         Alhaji Ahmad Muhammad Burga, a kofar gidansa. Yana da shekara ɗari da ashiri a duniya. Da misalin ƙarfe 10:48:28pm. 21^st , Sept 2016

2-       Muhammad Abdulƙadir, Dagacin Itas a fadarsa, yana da shekara tamanin a duniya. An yi hira da shi da misalin ƙarfe 12:38:28pm. 16, Nov 2016

3-       Galadiman Gamawa Dagacin Cikin Gari. Yana shekara da sitti da biyu, mun yi hira da shi a fadar Hakimin Gamawa ƙarfe 11:27:00am, 21^st, Dec 2016.

4-       Muhammmad Abubakar, Aminu Sale, College of Education Azare. History Department hira ta wayar salula. Yana da shekara arba’in da uku, da misalin ƙarfe 11:08:30am 11, Aug 2016

5-       Maiduna, hira a shagonsa na cikin kasuwa Azare, yana da shekara Hamsin da bakwai a raye, an yi hira da shi ƙarfe 04:46:38pm, 17 Nov, 2016.

6-       Sakataren cikin gida na Itas, Malam Aminu. Yana da shekara ashirin da biyar, an yi hira da shi a cikin fadar hakimin Itas da ƙarfe 01:24:02. 16 Nov, 2016

7-       Turakin Katagum Muhammadu Gaɗauji, a gidansa da ƙarfe 02:28:12pm. 10 Nov, 2016.

8-       Abubakar Bangon Sarkin Gobir, a gidansa da ƙarfe 12:02:14pm, 14 Jan, 2017

9-       Kauran Katagum a ƙofar gidansa, yana da shekara arba’in da takwas an yi hirar da misalin ƙarfe 09:44:14pm 11 Feb, 2017

10-   Harɗon Katagum Alhaji Muhammadu Gabi, yana da shekara sittin da ɗaya a duniya, an gabatar da hirar a gidansa da misalin ƙarfe 04:00:08, 16 feb, 2017

11-   Hakimin Sakuwa, Muhammadu Mustafa Bunni Abdulƙadir a gidansa da ke Azare, yana da shekara arba’in da tara a duinya. Hirar ta kasance da ƙarfe 11:28:08, 30 Nov, 2016

12-   Hakimin Itas, Tafida Muhammadu Sagir Abdullahi a gidansa da ke Azare, yana da shekara arba’in da tara. 02:30:08, 20 Dec, 2016

13-   Wazirin Gaɗau, yana da shekara hamsim da huɗu a duniya, an yi hirar a gidansa da ke Gaɗau da misalin ƙarfe 11:00:08, 07 Jan, 2017

14-   Tafidan Azare, Shehu Azarema Mustafa yana da shekara arba’in da takwas a gidansa da misalin ƙarfe 05:20:38, 08 March, 2017.

15-   Alhaji ado Itas, yana da shekara arba’in da ɗaya a raye a duniya, an gabatar da hirar ta wayar salula ranar 7/01/2017 da misalin ƙarfe 05:20pm na yamma

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[1] Hira da Hardon Katagum 16/02/2017 da Kauran katagum 11/02/2017 da Turakin katagum 10/11/2016

[2] Hira da Hardon Katagum 16/02/2017 da Kauran katagum 11/02/2017 da Turakin katagum 10/11/2016

[3] Hira da Hardon Katagum 16/02/2017 da Kauran katagum 11/02/2017 da Turakin katagum 10/11/2016