KUDU MUHAMMAD SALIHU
COURSE: ALH 406
CONTEMPORARY HAUSA PROSE
Gabatarwa
Godiya ta tabbata ga Allah mad’aukakin sarki mai kowa mai komi wanda ya shiryar da mu a kan tafarkin addinin musulunci ya kuma azurta mu da shigowa wannan Jami’a ta Usmanu ‘Danfodiyo Sakkwato domin neman ilimi da kuma yad’a shi, muna gode masa da haka.
Tsira da amincin Allah su tabbata ga Manzonsa, Bawansa wanda ya kwad’aitar da neman ilimi kowane iri, da iyalansa da sahabbansa da kuma wad’anda suka bi shiriyarsa har zuwa ranar sakamako, amin.
Bayan haka, wannan aiki da na d’ora aniyar gudanar da shi, shi ne yin nazarin littafin zube mai suna “K’arshen K’iyayya” littafi na d’aya da na biyu wanda Khadija Adamu Shitu da kuma Hadiza Ado Yalwa suka rubuta a shekarar 2016, inda cikin ikon Allah zan duba jigon littafin, da salo da zubi da tsari da kuma halaye ko d’abi’un taurari da makamantan haka.
Rubutun Zube
Wannan fanni ne na rubutaccen adabin Hausa bai dad’e da samuwa ba kamar yadda masana tarihi suka nuna. To amma duk da haka, marubuta sun bayar da himma wajen rubuta littattafan labaru da hikayoyi da tarihi da halin zaman jama’a da dai fannoni da yawa wanda littafin zube k’arshen kiyayya ma na daga cikin irin wad’annan littattafan.
Jigo
Ana samun jigogi daban-daban a rubutun zube wad’anda suka had’a da manya da k’anana, amma kafin a fito da su, masana sun ba da ma’anar jigo a rubutun zube kamar haka:
Junaidu da ‘Yar Aduwa sun ba da ma’anar jigo a rubutun zube kamar haka:
“Gundarin sak’on da marubucin ke bayarwa ga jama’a, wato a tak’aice, manufar marubuci”.
Akwai gundarin jigo da kuma k’ananan jigogi a kowane rubutu. A wannan takarda za mu yi la’akari da jigon k’arshen littafin K’arshen K’iyayya na Hadiza Ado Yalawa da Khadija Adamu Shitu.
Wannan littafi yana da gundarin jigo da kuma k’ananan jigogi kamar haka:
- Gundarin jigon littafin kuwa shi ne:
K’iyayya
- K’ananan Jigogin wannan littafi sun had’a da:
Sadaukarwa
Illar fyad’e
Tarbiya
Hadiza Yalwa ta yi amfani da littafin ta inda ta fito da jigon littafin a fili wato k’iyayya, ta nuna mana irin k’iyayyan da ke tsakanin Faruk da Samiha kullum ya tsani ya ganta sai dai cin mutunci kamar ba ‘yan uwa juna ba ne kuma ubanninsu wa da k’ani ne. wata rana ma cikin ranaikun duniya Samiha tana cikin gidan Alhaji Sani wato Uban Faruk tana wanke-wankenta inda ta ji wani kuma ta hango hayak’i na fitowa daga window d’akin Faruk kuma ta san Faruk ba ya ciki don ta ganshi waje lokacin da aka aike shi daga nan ta d’age labulen window sai tai cin sa’a sukai ido hud’u, kan ta sake da sauri ta gudu hantar jikinta tana kad’awa wai ta shiga uku ya fito ya daka mata tsawa sai da farantin hannun ta ya su’buce ya fad’i k’asa ta ja da baya.
A kalamin Faruk kuma, “Wane munafuncin ne yasa ki lek’a min d’aki? ta so ta yi magana amma ta kasa, sai ya ce ‘yan sace-sacen da ake yi min ashe kece shi yasa kike lek’owa idan bana nan sai ki shigo ki yi min sata ko?” sai hawaye ya soma wanke mata fuska, ta furta cewa, a rayuwarta ba a ta’ba yi mata mugun k’azafin sata irin wannan ba, nan da nan ta soma cewa, “Wallahi ni ban ta’ba d’aukar kowa komai ba balle na d’auki naka”
In kuma ba haka ba, me yasa kike lek’o d’akina? Da sauri ta ce, “Dama k’auri na ji na zata gobara ce…kafin ta k’arasa ya d’auko wuyan hijabinta ya cukuikuya ta gsba d’aya, wasu kyawawan mari har guda biyu ya wanke ta a fuskarta da shi wad’anda sai da suka ganinta na d’an lokaci ya dusashe sannan ya ce, “koma menene ya kai ki daga yau za ki daina shigo rayuwata in kuma ba haka ba mu zuba ni da ke wanda ya gaji ya daina biyo ni”
Ya soma tafiya tana bin bayansa cikin muryar kuka har zuwa d’akinshi, hawaye majina yawu duk sun had’e mata da tsanin wahala har sai da ya tabbatar da wahala sannan ya ce, ta tashi ta tafi gobe ma ta k’ara.
Sai Sahima ta ce wa Faruk Allah ya isa tafi dubu to yanzu kuma wane irin hukunci zai yi mata abin da ya fi damunta dole ya yi zaton biyarsa ta ke yi don ta gano halinsa wanda ita kuma tausayi ne kawai ya kai ta da son shi nema ko hanyar ba za ta bi ba. Samiha ta sha wahalhalu iri daban-daban har ma a hannun Hajiya Sadiya ta yadda aikin gidan Alhaji Sani ya koma kanta irin su share-share da wanke-wanke har ma k’azafin satar kud’inta.
Har wa yau, akwai wasu k’ananan jigogi wad’anda suka had’a da tarbiya da fad’akarwa da kuma illar yi wa ‘ya’ya fyad’e. A halin yanzu, irin tarbiya ta gari da Abban Faruk wato Alhaji Sani ke ba d’ansa wanda kuma ita mamanshi tana nuna mishi soyayya wanda zai iya k’au masa da kai kuma ya gur’bata tarbiyansa. Ga dai abin da ya faru a sanadiyar haka don kuwa Faruk ya shiga hark’ar shaye-shaye da bin mata da d’aukar hotunan banza.
Nan da nan Alhaji Sani ya tashi tsaye wajen baiwa ko yi wa mamman Faruk gargad’i da fad’akar da ita ga abin da ya ke cewa:
“Na sha gaya miki cewa mugun kishi zai iya janyowa ki kasa ganin laifin ‘ya’yanki har ki yi musu tarbiyar da ya dace kina watsi da magana ta, kamar ba ni ne mahaifinsu ba, ba ki fi ni son su ba, Haulatu duk da kika haifi yaron nan abin da ya aikata ya zama dole mu tsaya a kanshi mu fahimci abin da ya dace mu yi akai, ba wai d’ora alhakin laifin a kan wani ba”
“To ni menene nawa yanzu tunda ka yanke igiyar aure a tsakaninmu saboda laifin da baka da tabbas akan d’anka ya aikata”
Ya ja ajiyar zuciya “Amma me kike shirin yi yanzu? Da ya kamata mu tattauna matsalan nan da ya wuce ki”
“Ga Sadiya ita ma ai babarsa ce”
Ta katse shi tana shirin fita ya janyo ta a fusace ya soma daddanna wayarsa ya fito da hotunan sannan ya d’ora shi a tsakiyan tafin hannunta “duba wannan ki gani wa ya yi masa wannan sharrin?”
Ta d’ora idonta futsararren hoton da Faruk a gigice ta rik’e wayar ta ci gaba da kallon sauran hotunan ba ta san sanda wayar ta fad’i a hannunta ba.
“ Amma wannan yaron ka cuce ni ka ha’ince ni ashe irin rayuwar da keke yi kena?”
Kuka yasa ta kasa fad’ar maganar da take son fad’a. Abban Faruk yace “Ka da ki yi masa baki saboda a irin wannan maganganun ne yasa ba da son raina na nuna miki ba, ina dai guje miki zargi ne ka da ki d’auki hak’k’in wad’anda babu hannunsu a ciki”.
Ba ta ko saurare shi ba ta fito a fisa ce cikin sauri idanuwanta ko gabanta bata gani sauran mutanen da ke tsakar gidan suka bi ta da kallo d’akin Faruk ta nufa wani irin gigitar bugu take wa k’ofar wanda ya sa Faruk a gigice ya bud’e k’ofar.
Kasa had’a ido ya yi da ita balle ya yi wata magana, cikin muryar kuka da fusata ta ce,
“Faruk ka cuce mu ka ha’ince mu ka yaudare mu dukkanin irin tarbiyar da muka baka ashe irin wad’annan muyagun halayyar ke ke aikatawa a ‘boye, to shikenan ka je indai irin rayuwar da ka za’ba ke nan za ka yi nadama, abin da kuma ka yi mana kake ganin ka zubar da mutuncin mu, to Allah…”
Salo
Idan aka yi maganar salo, ba bak’uwar abu ba ce ga Bahaushe. Salo dai kamar yadda muka sani, hanya ce ko dabara ko hikima da marubuci kan bi wajen isar da da sak’o.
Kenan kowace marubuci, yana taka rawa wajen yin amfani da dabaru iri daban-daban domin ya cimma manufar sak’on da yake so ya isar.
Wad’annan marubutan littafin zube na K’arshen K’iyayya wato Khadija Adamu Shitu da Hadiza Ado Yalwa sun yi amfani da salailai iri-iri cikin wannan littafi don su isar da sak’o ga mai sauraro ko karatu cikin sauk’i. Daga cikin salailai kuma, akwai salon wak’a da salon karin magana da salon aron kalmomi da dai makamantansu.
Salon Wak’a
Salo ne da marubutan littattafai ke amfani da su wajen janyo hankalin mai sauraro ko karatu cikin sauk’i domin isar masa da sak’o na musamman amma cikin wak’a. Don haka, ga irin wannan salo yadda marubutan suka yi amfani da shi cikin littafin K’arshen K’iyayya wadda kuma shi ne abin da suka bud’e littafin da shi. Ga shi kamar haka:
Ayye! Lale yaraye ayye lale, maraba sangaya.
Tafiya take tana rera wak’ar, tana kad’awa cak! Ta tsaya ta k’arawa k’ofar gidan wanda babu ko fantama ta hango inda ta ta’bo yin
Ayye lale iyaraye ayye lale maraba sangaya.
Cikin d’aga murya take rera wak’ar saboda mutanen da take hangowa a cikin soron wani gida su gane tana kallon irin masha’ar da suke aikatawa, amma saboda wanda ya yi nisa baya jin k’ira babu wanda ya yi ko gezau na nuna alamun sun gane ana kallonsu.
Salon karin magana
Salo ne da ake amfani da shi cikin wannan littafi inda marubucin ya gabatar da ‘yar jumla gajeriya da mai magana zai fad’a cikin hikima k’unshe da ma’anoni masu yawa idan aka tashi yin sharhinta. Daga cikin karorin maganganu da muka da su ko amfani da su a harshen Hausa, ga kad’an kamar yadda marubucin ta kawo cikin littafinta:
“K’addara ta riga fata”
“Rashin sani wanda ya fi dare duhu”
“Matar mutum kabarinsa”
“Mugun hali ya k’are a kan well chair”
Salon aro
Wannan wani irin dabara ce da ake amfani da shi wajen yin aron kalmomi daga wani harshe, ba wai saboda wannan harshe ya rasa kalmomi ba ne, amma don nuna hikima da gwaninta a cikin harshe. Ga kad’an daga cikin kalmomin da aka aro daga harshen Ingilishi cikin harshen Hausa kamar haka:
Window
Ok get out of my room
I say get out of my room
Get out of my car
I promise to you
Zubi da tsari
Wannan nufin yadda marubucin ta sa labarin ta daidai yadda take buk’ata daga farko zuwa k’arshe, wannan marubuciya ta shimfid’a labarinta a bisa hanyar gargajiya, ta bayar da labarin ne kara zube tamkar tana ba da tatsuniya. Haka kuma babu tsarin babi-babi da gabatarwa kuma babu kan labari kuma littafin na da shafuka d’ari da talatin da shida kowane wato na d’aya da na biyu kuma ta nuna akwai na ukunta a gaba.
Kammalawa
K’arshen k’iyayya littafi ne na zube da aka shirya a kan k’iyayya tsakanin wasu mutane wato Faruk da Samiha da kuma Hajiya Hadiza, amma k’iyayyar Samiha da Faruk ta yi tsanani sosai domin ya nuna halin mugunta wa Samiha sarai inda a cikin k’iyayyarsa na k’arshe ya ture ta daga matarsa yayin da abban Faruk ya umarce shi da ya dinga kai Samiha makaranta, duk irin wad’annan mugunta, ba ta damu da yi masa aiki ba wajen share masa d’aki lokacin da Allah ya jarabe shi da hatsarin mota.
Akwai nasaba da hatsarin Faruk wajen kalamun da Samiha ta yi masa cewa Allah ya isa had’e da karin magana inda take cewa “Mugun hali ya k’are a kan well chair”.
Haka kuma wannan littafi ya fad’akar da masu yin mugunta da kuma rashin tunani da bin maganar iya, duk mutum inda ya yi watsi da su, akwai sakamako kamar yadda ta faru ga Faruk na rashin k’in bin shawarar iyayensa da dai makamantansu.
Taurarun wannan ittafi na K’arshen K’iyayya suna da yawa amma an raba su guda biyu inda aka sami manyan taurari da kuma k’ananan taurari.
Manyan taurari
Samiha
Faruk
Alhaji Sani Uban Faruk
Alhaji Rabi’u Uban Samiha
Hajiya Haule uwar Faruk
Hajiya Sadiya Kishiyar Uwar Faruk
Deeje Uwar Samiha
K’ananan taurari
Alhaji Auwal
Alhaji Salisu
Asiya K’anwar Samiha
Shamsiyya K’anwar Samiha
Ahmad K’anin Samiha
Jamila
Amira
Humaira
Bahijja
Alhaji D’ahiru
Hajiya Suwaiba
Gambo
Safara’u
Maman Amira
Amarya Hauwa
Haidar
Usman
Sulama
Mahmud
Bashir
Alhassan
Kamal
Hafiz
Da makamantansu
Manazarta
https://www.amsoshi.com/tuntubi-masu-gudanarwa/
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HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.