Kundin digiri na farko wanda aka gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sakkwato, Nijeriya
NA
BASHIRU SHEHU
BABI NA BIYU: Ma’anonin Tubalan Bincike
2.0 Shimfid’a
A cikin wannan babin an waiwayi tak’aitaccen tarihin al’ummar Zabarma. Yin hakan shi zai taimaka wa wannan nazarin wajen zak’ulo abubuwan da suka shafi zabarmawa musammam abin day a shafi nahawun harshensu. Ganin cewa tarihin kowace al’umma ba ya cika cif-cif ba tare da an ta’bo bayanin harshensu ba, shi ya sa wannan nazarin yake ganin dacewar duba yadda masana suka ba da bayani dangane da harshen zabarma ko zarma kamar yadda masanan suke kiran harshen zabarmawa da shi.
2.1Tarihin K’abilar Zarma ko Zabarmawa Da Harshensu
Tarihi ya nuna cewa kabilun zarma sun kasance sun fito ne daga Nijar ‘bangaren tabkin debo a yankin kogin Nijar tsakanin Mupti da Gundani wanda suke a gabashin tsohuwar daular songhai wanda a yau take a cikin yankin k’asar Mali. Dangantaka mai matukar kusanci tsakanin zarma da wasu k’abilu guda biyu da suke a cikin daular Songhai ya sa kabilun biyu suke addini iri d’aya da al’adu hadda ma yanayin siyasar su kusan iri guda. Zarma da k’abilun daular Songhai suna daukar junansu a matsayin taubasai ne, wanda ya haifar da wasa da auratayya tsakaninsu. Bayan farmaki daban- daban da yankin Debo ta yi fama da shi wajen kabilun Taureg da Ful’be da Mossi da Soninke a k’arni na goma sha biyar wanda ya sanya kabilar zarma ta fice daga yankin nata zuwa gawo har zuwa kudu masu gabashin k’asar Mali. Zarma sun ci gaba da wannan hijira har zuwa yankin kudu na k’asar Nijar a cikin k’arni na goma sha shida. A yayin da suka yada zango a Anzoru da Zarmaganda wanda suke arewacin garin Niyami. A k’arni na goma sha bakwai har zuwa k’arni na goma sha takwas, wasu daga cikin k’abilar zarma sun ci gaba da tafiya daga Zarmaganda zuwa cikin wani k’afaffen tafki da yake a gabashin Niyami da cikin garin Fakara da kuma cikin duwatsun Zigui da yake kudu masu gabashin Zarmateri. A cikin kowane matakin hijira da k’abilar Zarma suke yi, a duk inda suka yada zango sukan iske ‘yan asalin wannan garin wanda k’abilar Zarma kan bak’unta, daga baya sai su fatattake su, su gaje muhallinsu. Ko kuma su murk’ushe su, su mai da su bayi kuma su zauni wurin. Misali kamar k’abilar K’ilafar kalle gole da Sije wanda suke cikin yankin Dollols dake cikin duwatsun Zarmatare. Wannan halin ne su kuma kabilar Zarma suka fuskanci farmaki a hannun Mawri da Kurfeyawa daga gabashinsu, amma yanzu haka Zarma ta hadiye su. Hare-hare ya yi sauki har zuwa farkon karni na goma sha tara lokacin da Zarmatarey ta fuskanci
hare-hare daga hannun Lissawan da Kel Nanl tuareg da Imanan daga arewacin da kuma Ful’be wad’anda suka yi hijira zuwa Dallol Bosso daga Say.Wannan matsala ta yi tsamari har ya sa sarkin Zarman Dosso Zarmakoy Attikou ya nemi taimakon sojojin faransa a1898 wanda da suka yada zango a Karimama, Benin Faransawa sun masa wannan gayyatar amma abin mamaki ga sarki Zarmakoy da mabiyansa shi ne Faransawa sun mamaye kasar Zarma tsawan shekaru sittin na mulkin mallaka a cikin kasar Nijar.
2.2 Harshen Zabarma Da Dangoginsa
Harshen zarma yana d’aya daga cikin harsunan Daular Songai . Wannan harshen yana daga cikin harshen da masu amfani da shi suke zaune a kudancin k’asar Nijar. Al’umma da dama suna kiran harshen da sunaye kamar haka; Dijarma ko Diyabarma, ko Zarma ko Zarmanci Wasu ma kan kira shi da Zerima. Zarma shi ne harshe na biyu da al’ummar kasar Nijar suke amfani da shi. Wato bayan harshen Hausa sai na Zarma. Harshe ne da ya fito daga harsuna ‘yan dangin Nilo-sahara. Harshen yana da mutane kimanin miliyan biyu da dubu dari hudu ke magana da shi wajen sadarwa. Harshen zarma ya fi kowane harshe da ya fito daga daular Songai wajen yawan masu amfani da shi. Harshen zarma ana amfani da shi a fad’in daular Songai. Harsuna biyu da suke mak’wabtaka da harshen zarma wad’anda mutanen k’asar Mali suke amfani da su masu makwabtaka da harshen zarma su ne; Koira boro senni da koira chirii. Koira boro senni mutanen da suke zaune a tsakiyar birnin da ake kira gawo suke amfani da shi. Ana hasashen cewa kimanin mutane dubu d’ari hud’u suke magana da harshen wajen sadarwa. Harshen ya yi mak’wabtaka da harshen Zarma ta gabas da ga’bar kogin Naija. Shi kuwa harshen koira chirii masu amfani da shi suna zaune ne a tsohon birnin da ya yi fice wanda aka kafa jami’ar Tambuktu a cikinsa. Yana da masu amfani da shi kimanin mutane dubu dari biyu 200,000. Bisa ga hasashen dam asana suka bayar, ba dukkan masu magana da harshen Zarma ke iya magana da harshen Koyraboro senni ba. Harshen Zarma shi ne fitaccen harshen da akasarin mutanen Nijar suke amfani das hi, baya ga harshen Hausa. Abin nufi a nan shi ne, harshen Hausa shi babban harshen da al’ummar k’asar Nijar suke magana da shi, harshen Zarma shi ne na biyu da ke biye da harshen Hausa.
2.3 Nad’ewa
Zabarmawa mutane ne masu kishin kansu tare da harshensu na Zabarmanci, kusan duk inda suke ba sa kushe junansu ballantana harshensu. Harshen Zabarmanci shi ne na biyu a yawan jama’a a k’asar Nijar, amma su ke samar da mafi yawan k’uri’un za’be a lokacin siyasa. Duk lokacin da wani abu ya taso na rashin jituwa tsakanin wata k’abila da al’ummar Zabarmawa, a Nijar ne ko a Nijeriya za a ga kowane d’an k’abilar Zabarma yana nuna goyon bayansa ga jama’arsa. Sannan ba yadda za a yi Bazabarme yana neman wani abu a hannun wani Bazabarme a ce ya hana shi ya ba d’an wata k’abila. Wannan kishin nasu shi ya haifar da ci gaban da suke samu na harshensu da al’ummarsu.
2 Comments
Mu zabarmawa irini irikoisabu.
ReplyDeleteAllah yakara yadawa yaranmu wato zabarmanci. Kalatonton.albora. Bere?
ReplyDeleteENGLISH: You are warmly invited to share your comments or ask questions regarding this post or related topics of interest. Your feedback serves as evidence of your appreciation for our hard work and ongoing efforts to sustain this extensive and informative blog. We value your input and engagement.
HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.