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Nazarin Ingausa A Saƙon GSM

DAGA

Muhammad Mustapha Umar
Department of Nigerian Languages
Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University, Sokoto
Email: mustaphahausa@yahoo.com GSM: 08065466400

TSAKURE


An gina wannan bincike ne domin zaƙulo muhimmi ko dangantaka ko kuma ƙarfin surkin Ingausa a kan saƙon GSM wanda ake shiryawa cikin Hausa. Domin cim ma wannan muradi, mun tattauna musabbabin yin surki a saƙonnin waya da kuma nuna yadda ake cakuďa Ingausa a cikin saƙon GSM. Haka kuma, wannan bincike ya gano cewa; yin surkin Ingausa tuni ya mamaye ilahirin tsarin rubutun al’ummar Hausawa, duk da yake hanyar rubutun Hausa ta haramta yin amfani da Ingausar a hukumance.

GABATARWA


Bayyanar na’urar wayar tafi da gidanka ta taimaka wajen watsa magana da rubutaccen saƙo daga wuri zuwa wani wurin komai nisan zango. Wannan ci gaban kafar watsar bayanai ya buďe wata sabuwar hanyar sadarwa, wadda ta sawwaƙa wa masu amfani da ita samun damar shiga sadarwar zamanin GSM. Tare da musayar wannan muhimmin nau’in gajeren saƙo wanda ke aikin gabatar da sabuwar hanyar aike da hikimomin al’umma a cikin taƙaitacciyar siga. Haka kuma, rubutaccen saƙon waya na famar kai-da-kawo a cikin kowane mataki na al’umma, duk da yake an fi ganinsa a matsayin karin mutum ko karin sashen wani rukuni na jama’a. Kuma saƙon GSM yana iya fuskantar sauye-sauye yayin musayarsa tsakanin matasa mabambanta, waďanda suka fi rungumar wannan tsari na sadarwa.

INGAUSA


Ingausa gamin gambizar harshen Ingilishi da Hausa ne domin ƙera wata kalma ko gina jimla don samun kafar isar da saƙo mai cikakkiyar ma’ana, ko wani keƂaƂƂen rubutaccen zance. Ita kanta kalmar Ingausa haďaka ce tsakanin ‘Ing’ ta farkon kalmar Ingilishi da ‘ausa’ daga cikin kalmar Hausa. Ingausa ita ce cakuďa kalma ko yankin jimla ko jimla ta Ingilishi cikin Hausa a yayin da ake magana ko rubutu. Tasirin Ingilishi a kan masu zance da Hausa ya haddasa yin amfani da Ingausa a yayin sadarwa. Wani bi ma, akan sami yanayin sauyawar kalaman marubuci daga Hausa zuwa Ingilshi domin kawai ƙoƙarin daidaita zaren tunaninsa wanda ke bayyana manufar da ya ke son a fahimta.

SAƘON GSM


Saƙon GSM bayani ne taƙaitacce wanda aka rubuta wa wani domin ya sadu da abin da ake so ya gani, ko ya karanta abin da ake so ya karƂa ya kuma gan shi cikin akwatin saƙon wayar salula. Saƙon GSM na nufin aika rubutaccen saƙo da karƂarsa ba tare da wani ya san wainar da ake toyawa ba. Wato, saƙon wayar hannu sirri ne da ke tsakanin mutum biyu, wanda ake turawa ya kuma isa cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci ba tare da kashe kuďi masu yawa ba, musamman idan aka kwatanta shi da kira na yin magana baka da baka. Saƙon GSM dama ce ta aika gajeren saƙo da ake musaya tsakanin wayoyin salula. Sai dai wannan saƙo yana iya kasancewa ba tare da an taƙaita kalmomi ba, ko a gan shi cikin sigar surkin Ingausa. Wato, shirya saƙo wanda zai ƙumshi cakuďa kalmomin harsuna biyu ko fiye.

DALILAN YIN INGAUSA A SAƘON GSM


 Don cin moriyar taƙaitattun kalmomin Ingilishi ko masu gajerar siga fiye da na Hausa da sauran dabarun gajartawa da ke tarshe a harshen Ingilishi waďanda babu kwatankwacinsu a Hausa. Haka ma, samuwar saƙon GSM ya ba da damar yin Ingausa.
 Mafi yawan ‘yan Boko masu ilmin zamani, da waďanda suka yaƙi jahilci da ‘yan satar Boko su ne suka fi yin Ingausa yayin shirya saƙon GSM a wayoyinsu na hannu, musamman domin burgewa da ƙarfafa yayi ko zamanancin taƙaita kalmomin cikin rubutu.
 Kasancewar harshen Ingilishi kan gaba a al’amurran wayar salula da kuma tasirinsa a kan Hausawa masu amfani da saƙon GSM ya haifar da yin Ingausa ko amfani da kalmar asali ta Ingilishi kai tsaye a cikin rubutu na yau da kullun. Musamman ganin yadda Ingausa ta rigaya ta mamaye ilahirin rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa, ya sa ta zame wani sabon karin harshe na ‘yan boko masu yawan kwaikwayon yanaye-yanayen rubutu daga harshen Ingilishi.
 Yin Ingausa a saƙon GSM ba ya cin lokaci mai yawa kwatankwacin yin amfani da Hausa zalla, shi ya sa wasu ke ƙin yin amfani da Hausa zalla, wadda ke sa marubuci ďaukar lokaci wajen shirya saƙo fiye da yin surki.
 Ƙarancin shafin shirya saƙon cikin waya ya tilastawa masu amfani da waya yin surkin Ingausa domin isar da saƙo ko mayar da martini, daidai da yanayin shafin wayar salula.
 Maƙasudin gudun kashe kuďin waya masu yawa ya ingiza mutane yin surkin Ingausa wanda ke rage yawan harufa daga wuce adadin harufan shafi ďaya wanda ke iya ďaukar jimillar harafi ďari da sittin kacal, musamman ganin duk abin da ya wuce haka zai shiga sabon shafi, tare da ƙara caji daga shafi ďaya zuwa biyu.

MATSAYIN INGAUSA A RUBUTUN HAUSA


Ingausa siffar saƙon GSM ce mai ƙoƙarin kawo giƂi mai karya garkuwar daidaitattun ƙa’idojin rubutun Hausa da kuma yin barazana ga tsarin nahawunta. Ingausa ba karƂaƂƂen rubutu ba ne shi ya sa ma, daidaitacciyar Hausa ta yi hani mai tsanani a kan yin amfani da ita a fagen ilmi, musamman wajen rubuta littafai, da maƙalu, da jarabawa, da kundaye da sauran muhimman Ƃangarorin harshe. A taƙaice, wannan salon rubutu ne na tandance wanda da aka fi amfani da shi a tsakanin iyali, da ‘yan’uwa da abokan arziki da kuma tsakanin ďalibai na makarantun kowane mataki.

INGAUSA A SAƘON GSM


Wannan sashe zai duba yadda Hausawa ke cakuďa surkin Ingausa yayin shirya saƙon GSM a wayar salula, musamman a sadarwarsu ta kowane mataki na zamantakewa a zamanin nan namu na GSM. Da yake gani ya kori ji, za mu yi amfani da wasu saƙonnin GSM masu ďauke da salon Ingausa domin yin sharhi a kansu.

1. ‘Congrat, n sami lbrn an yi m prmtn. Ina ty k mrn, km n ji dď sosai a cgb d ƙara wuta. Km pls. try 2 c me akw mgn. K yi min txt n GSM no t musty zan b sh sƙ. My rgrd 2 ur fml. Km k yi ƙƙr k b prof. CV d tkrdunka don y dawo jy lah. d sf.’

2. Assalamu Alaikum, mama Amina ta ce a hwaďa muku jikkatta ta Ƃace, wai wani mai mashi yah hizge ta yats tsere, kuma duk takardunta na registration na ciki, da kuďďinta da handset da ID card ďin ta na makaranta, amma mun kai rahoto ga ‘yan sanda kuma mun amshi police report da affidavit na kotu. Gobe da swahe in Allah yadda su kawu sun ka ce za su izo su Nanuwa.

3. Wani Basakkwace ne gari ya yi zafi ba kuďi. Sai kwatsam kuma baban matarshi ya rasu a Maiduguri. Haka dai ya harhaďa ya samu ya ďauke ta a motarsa tun daga Sakkwato zuwa Maiduguri. Bayan sadakar ukku, ya baro ta ya tuƙo mota ya nufo gida har Allah ya kawo shi Talatar Mafara. Nan fa ne ‘yan sanda suka tsaida shi. “ Ba mu takardun mota” ya bayar. “Ba mu driver’s license.” ya bayar. “Ina fire extinguisher.” Komai dai yana da shi. Dole dai suka bar shi ya tada mota zai tafi ke nan sai wani ďan sanda ya ce “ tsaya! Ya motarka take hayaƙi?” Haushi ya kama Basakkwacen nan ya dubi ďan sanda ya ce: To ko uwarka an ka hau daga Maiduguri zuwa Talatar Mafara sai ta yi hayaƙi.

4. A Gwari man who converted to islam, was told that he should be circumcised. He requested the imam to break the news to his wife. The chat went thus: Imam: Kin san cewa mijinki ya musulunta. Gwari: Haka ne ya gaya mana. Imam: Addininmu yana son tsabta. Gwari: Na gani kuna wasa da ruwa kulum! Imam: Za a sha mijinki. Gwari: Ya zama burukutu ne. Imam: Ina nufin za a yi masa kaciya ne. Gwari: Ka cece mu kiristi!!! Abu da bai ishe ni ba, shi ne za a lage? Imam: Subhanalillah, subhanalillah.

Saƙonnin nan guda huďu (1- 4 da ke sama) suna ďauke da salon surkin Ingaausa, wanda akan shirya saƙo da Hausa, amma daga bisani a riƙa cakuďa wasu kalmomin Ingilishi jefi-jefi, domin taƙaita tsawon saƙo. Sannan ana samun inda marubuci ke sauya akalar rubutunsa daga Hausa zuwa Ingausa. Wani bi ma, ma’abota saƙon GSM suna amfani da dabarar fara bayani cikin harshen Ingilishi su kuma kammala rubutun cikin harshen Hausa. Wannan Ingausa ce da ta shafi yin surkin yankin jimla ko jimloli harsuna biyu, domin shirya wani saƙon wayar salula. A taƙaice, Ingausa a waďannan saƙonni na samuwa ne a lokacin da maji harsuna biyu ke cakuďa kalmomin Ingilishi cikin na Hausa a yayin da yake rubuta saƙon GSM.

KAMMALAWA


An haifi saƙon GSM bayan bayyanar sabuwar na’urar wayar salula, wadda a yau ke kan gaba wajen samar da kafar sadarwa iri daban-daban da kuma jin ďuriyar lamurran duniya komai tazarar zango. Ita kuma Ingausa nau’in surki ce mai nuna irin tsananin tasirin harshen Ingilishi a kan hanyar rubutun al’ummar Hausawa, musamman ma’abota saƙon GSM. Babbar fatar wannan maƙala ita ce yin jagoranci ko buďe sabon babin zurfafa nazarce-nazarce a kan Ingausa a sauran rubuce-rubucen Hausa da kuma abin da ya shafi sauran nau’o’in surki irinsu Larausa (wato surkin Larabci da Hausa) da makamantansu.

MANAZARTA


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Farinde, R.O & Ojo, J.O. 2005. Introduction to Sociolinguistics. Ibadan, Lektay Publishers.

Ibrahim, M.T 2013. “Ingausa a Cikin Wasu Fina-finan Hausa”, Takardar Da Aka Gabatar a Taron Ƙara wa Juna Ilmi na Ƙasa da Ƙasa, Wanda Hukumar Binciken Tarihi da Kyautata Al’adu ta Jihar Katsina Tare da Haďin Guiwar Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijreiya, Jami’ar Umaru Musa ‘Yar’Adua, Katsina Suka Shirya Daga 25- 26 Yuni.

Rabeh, H. Surki a Hausar Yau. Bagushiya Journal of Hausa Studies. Federal College of Education (Technical) Gusau. Soba, S.A (ed.) Volume 1 No 1. June, 2012 Page 125-131. ISSN: 978 065 97257

Sa’id, B. (Ed.). 2006. Ƙamusun Hausa. Kano, Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero.

Umar, M.M. 2012. Nazarin Saƙon G.S.M a Wayar Salular Hausawa. Kundin Digiri na Biyu, Sakkwato, Jamai’ar Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo.

Yakasai, S.A 2007. “Dangantakar Harshe Da Al’umma: Nazarin Halaye Da Ɗabi’un Magana a Al’ummar Hausawa”, Maƙalar Da Aka Gabatar a Sashen Harsunan Asiya Da Na Afrika, Beijing, Jami’ar Koyon Harsunan Waje.

Yakasai, S.A 2010. “Dangantakar Harshe Da Muhallin Magana: Nazarin Kan Matakan Magana a Tsakanin Al’ummar Hausawa”. In Harsunan Nijeriya. Centre For The Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University Kano, Volume XXII, Pp. 78-84.

Yakasai, S.A. 2012. Jagoran Ilmin Walwalar Harshe. Sokoto, Garkuwa Media Services.

Yule, G. 1985. The Study of Language: An Introduction. Australia, Cambridge University Press.
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