Gudummuwar Harshen Hausa Ta Fuskar Sasanci a Jihar Katsina

Citation: Magaji, A. (2026). “Gudummuwar Harshen Hausa ta Fuskar Sasanci a Jihar Katsina.” In Ɗunɗaye Journal of Hausa Studies, Vol. 04, No. 01, Pp. 16 – 21. www.doi.org/10.36349/djhs.2026.v04n01.003.

GUDUMMUWAR HARSHEN HAUSA TA FUSKAR SASANCI A JIHAR KATSINA

Na

Adam Magaji

Ɗalibin Ph.D., Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya,

Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua, Katsina

Tsakure:

Wannan takarda ta gudanar da nazari ne kan irin gudummuwar da harshen Hausa yake bayarwa wajen ƙulla sulhu da samar da tsaro a Jihar Katsina. Manufar wannan takarda ita ce, nazarin irin rawar da harshen Hausa yake takawa wajen sasanta tsakanin al’umma da masu garkuwa da mutane da jami’an tsaro da shuwagabannin al’umma. An yi amfani da nau’in bincike na bayani. An tattauna da masu ruwa da tsaki da kuma nazarin ayyukan masana. An yi amfani da ra’in sulhu (Conflict Resolution Theory), a wannan bincike. An gano cewa, harshen Hausa yana taka gaggarumar rawa wajen ƙulla sulhu da sasanci a tsakanin al’umma. An gano cewa, amfani da harshen, yana ceton ɗimbin rayukan mutane daga salwanta fiye da yin amfani da ƙarfi, ko bindiga. An bayar da shawara a kan yadda za a ƙarfafa horo ga jami’an tsaro dangane da dabarun iya sadarwa da harshen Hausa, domin a magance matsalar tsaro. Hukuma ta riƙa sanya shuwagabannin al’umma na gargajiya da malamai a cikin tsarin tsaro. Yin hakan zai taimaka wajen gano bakin zaren wuraren da matsala take.

Muhimman Kalmomi: Harshe, Sulhu, Garkuwa. 

1.0 Gabatarwa

Tsaro dai shi ne ginshiƙi na ci gaban kowace irin al’umma (Funtua, 2021). Domin haka, Allah (S.W.A) a cikin alƙur’anisa mai tsarki yana cewa, “Ku ji tsoron fitina wadda idan ta zo, ba ta tsayawa ga waɗanda suka jawo ta, tana shafar har ma wanda babu ruwansa ma” (Suratul Amfal: aya ta 25). A ɓangare guda, masu iya magana suna cewa, “tsaro maganin tsoro.” Duk yadda wata ƙasa take da girma, idan tana fama da rashin tsaro, ba za ta iya bunƙasa tattalin arzikinta yadda ya kamata ba. A Nijeriya, musamman jihohin da suke Arewa maso-yamma, suna fuskantar matsalar garkuwa da mutane a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Waɗannan jihohi sun haɗa da Kaduna da Kano da Katsina da Jigawa da Zamfara da Sakkwato da kuma Jihar Kebbi. Bugu da ƙari, daga cikin jihohin da wannan matsala ta fi yin ƙamari su ne Zamfara da Kaduna da Katsina da kuma Sakkwato.

A ƙoƙarin daƙile irin wannan matsala, hukumomi su kan yi amfani da ƙarfin tuwo ko makamai domin tunkararlamarin. Sai dai wannan bincike da aka gudanar ya nuna cewa, yin sulhu da tattaunawa da harshen Hausa ya fi muhimmanci. Duba da cewa, harshen Hausa shi ne harshen da mafi yawan al’umma gami da masu aikata laifin suke fahimta. Wannan ya sa, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen yin sulhu a tsakanin al’umma da masu garkuwa da mutane a Jihar Katsina.

Muradin wannan takarda, shi ne nazartar yadda harshen Hausa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman kayan aiki na samar da tsaro fiye da ƙarfi, ko amfani da bakin bindiga a Jihar Katsina. Harshen ya taka wannan rawa ne ta fuskar kafafen sadarwa da lallashi da girmama juna da karin magana da wa’azi gami da nasiha.

1.1 Muhimman Kalmomin Bincike

A wannnan muhallin, aka bayyana ma’anoni na kalmomin da suka kzamo fitulu na wannan nazari. Kalmomin da aka bayyana ma’anoninnsu su ne, harshen Hausa da tsaro da sulhu da kuma garkuwa.

1.1.1 Harshen Hausa

Lado (1964 sh11) cikin Yakasai, (2012, sh3) ya bayyana cewa, harshe shi ne rai, ko zuciya ta duk wani tunani na aikin ɗan’adam, musamman kan abin da mutum yake ji da game da kansa ko ƙasarsa, ko addininsa ko kuma yadda shi kansa ya ɗauki kansa. Ma’anar da aka bayar, ta bayar da hasken cewa, harshen Hausa ana amfani da shi a mafiya yawan yankunan da suke Afirka ta Yamma. Harshen ya mamaye yankunan Nigeriya (musamman Arewacin ƙasar) da Nijar da Ghana da Kamaru da sauransu. Ana kallon harshen a matsayin harshen sadarwa da cikniki a faɗin nahiyar Afirka ta Yamma.

1.1.2 Tsaro

Tsaro shi ne shirya, ko gyara, ko jere wani abu domin samar da wata kariya daga ɓarna (Sarkin Gulbi, 2016, sh. 372). Bisa fahimtar wannan ma’ana, takardar tana ganin tsaro a matsayin hanyar kiyayewa, ko lura da duk wani abu da zai iya janyo hasara ko kuma rasa rayuwar wani mutum ko dabba ko kuma wani abu da ake amfanuwa da shi daga matsaloln ɓata-gari walau ɓarayi ko kuma ‘yan ta’adda.

1.1.3 Sulhu

Sulhu dai hanya ce ta sasanta da shiga tsakanin masu husuma biyu, ko daban-daban domin shirya tsakaninsu (Sarkin Gulbi, 2016). La’akari da irin bayanin da ya gabata, wannan takarda ta bayyana sulhu a matsayin wata hanya ta daidaita ɓangarori guda biyu masu savani da juna.

1.1.4 Garkuwa

Garkuwa ita ce, wani faffaɗan abu da ake yi da ƙirgi ko ƙarfe don kare kai wajen yaƙi (Cibiyar Nazarin Harsunan Nigeriya, 2006, sh. 159). Wannan takarda, tana ganin garkuwa a matsayin kama wani mutum, ko wani abu na amfani da nufin neman kuɗin fansa, a wurin makusantansa.

2.0 Manufar Bincike

Manufar wannan takarda ita ce, nazarin irin rawar da harshen Hausa yake takawa ta fuskar sasanta tsakanin masu garkuwa da mutane da sauran al’umma da jami’an tsaro da shuwagabannin al’umma.

3.0 Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike

Dogara ga irin bayanan da aka tattaro da kuma masaniyar ganin cewa, wannan bincike ne na bayani, ya sa aka yi bayanin irin hanyoyin da aka bi wajen ƙulla sulhu da masu garkuwa da mutane a Jihar Katsina. An yi amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu ya yin tattara bayanai. Hanya ta farko (primary data) ita ce, ta tattaunawa da wasu jami’an tsaro da sarakunan gargajiya da malamai da kuma ‘yan uwana waɗanda aka sace, ko aka yi garkuwa da su. Haka kuma, an dubi wasu rahotanni da suka shafi tsaro waɗanda wasu masu ruwa da tsaki suka rubuta. Bugu da ƙari, takardar ta waiwayi wasu daga cikin ayyukan da aka gudanar a kan tsaro. An dai dubi ayyukan da aka gudanar ne gwagwadon matakan ilimi daban-daban.

4.0 Ra’in Bincike

Wannan takarda da aka gudanar, an ɗora ta ne a bisa ra’in Sulhu (Conflict Resolution Theory), wanda Adeyanju ya samar a (2018). Wannan ra’i, yana nuna cewa, fahimtar juna ta hanyar tattaunawa da harshe tana magance rikici tsakanin al’umma, musamman idan aka yi amfani da harshen da ɓangarorin guda biyu na masu rigima da juna suke sadarwa da shi. Domin a cika irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, ya sa aka yi amfani da harshen Hausa a matsayin harshen hulɗa da sadarwa a tsakanin al’umma da masu garkuwa da mutane yayin gudanar da nazari.

5.0 Taƙaitaccen Tarihin Matsalar Garkuwa da Mutane a Jihar Katsina

Masu azancin magana suna cewa, “idan gemun ɗan’uwanka ya kama da wuta, to, ka shafa wa naka ruwa”. Abin a bayyane yake, a shekarun baya, idan ana yin zancen garkuwa da mutane, babu inda tunanin mai karatu, ko sauraro za ya nufa illa kudancin Nijeria. A kwana a ta shi, sai wani sauyi ya faru a Arewacin Nijeriya, inda Fulani makiyaya suka riƙa kore tare da kwashe dabbobin ‘yan’uwansu. Sai dai kash! Sai hukumomi da masu ruwa da tsaki suka yi wa matsalar abin da Hausawa suke cewa: “kallon raina kama ka ga gayya.” Wannan ya sa, abin ya ci gaba da fantsama a yankuna daban-daban. Kafin a farga, har wannnan matsala ta rikiɗe zuwa fashi da makami. Haka zalika, irin wannan matsala, ta zama ruwan-dari a Jihohin Zamfara da Kaduna waɗanda suke maƙwaftaka da Jihar Katsina. Daga satar shanu ta rikiɗe zuwa fashi da makami, inda suke shiga gari su ƙwace kuɗi da abinci da fasa shagunan mutane domin sata dukiyoyin jama’a. Daga baya, sai abin ya koma garkuwa gami da kashe mutane waɗanda ba su ji ba, kuma ba su gani ba.

A Jihar Katsina, wannan matsala ta garkuwa da mutane ta yi ƙamari sosai, tun daga shekara ta (2015), zuwa ƙarshen shekar ta (2025), musamman a ƙananan hukumomin Batsari da Jibia da Safana da Ƙanƙara da Faskari da Sabuwa da kuma Dutsinma. Sannu a hankali, matsalar ta ci gaba da yaɗuwa zuwa wasu ƙananan hukumomi na Jihar Katsina, waɗanda suka haɗa da: Ɗandume da Funtuwa da Bakori da Musawa. Baya ga waɗannan ƙanan hukumomi, matsalar ta ci gaba da fallatsa zuwa Kurfi da Malumfashi, a ƙarshen shekara ta (2025).

Bugu da ƙari, masu yin garkuwa da mutane sun ci gaba da kai hare-hare a kan ɗaiɗaikun mutane da manoma da ɗalibai da matafiya da ma’aikata da sauran jama’a waɗanda ba su gi ba, bas u gani ba. A wasu lokutan, a kan sami nasara ta kuɓutar da mutanen da aka sace, ko aka yi garkuwa da su, ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙarfi, ko da bakin bindiga. A wasu lokutan ana samun nasara ta hanyar shiga tsakani na shuwagabannin al’umma na gargajiya da kuma malaman addinin Musulunci.

6.0 Gudummawar Harshen Hausa a Fagen Sasanci

Kamar yadda ya gabata, tsaro shi ne ginshiƙi na ci gaban kowace irin al’umma (Funtua, 2021). Haka kuma, tattaunawa da harshen da masu rikici da juna suke fahimta yana bayar da damar a samu wata gaba ta ƙulla sulhu a tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban na masu rigima da juna) Adeyanju, 2018). Wannan ya sa, harshe ya kasance hanyar sadarwa a tsakanin mutane ta baka, ko ta rubutu, ko ta amfani da waɗansu alamomi (Magaji, sh. 1). Hakan ya sa a cikin wannan takarda, aka yi nazarin yadda harshen Hausa yake taka rawa a matsayin harshen sadarwa da shiga tsakani domin yin sulhu da sasanci tsakanin al’umma. Har wa yau, takarda ta fito da tasirin da harshen yake da shi wajen daƙile ayyukan masu garkuwa da mutane. Duka waɗannandarajoji suna faruwa ne saboda kasancewar Hausa a matsayin harshen da al’umma da masu munanan laifukan ta’addancin suke fahimta, kuma suke hulɗa da ita a tsakaninsu. Wannan takarda ta yi la’akari da matsayin da harshe yake da shi inda ta dube su ƙarƙashin waɗanda matakai da suke ƙasa:

6.1 Kalamai Na Girmama Juna

Abin a bayyane yake, Hausawa suna da wata al’ada ta girmama wanda suke magana da shi, ta hanyar zaɓen kalmomi na ladabi waɗanda suke rage tsanani na wani abu da yake damun ɗan’uwansu. Misali, irin kalmomin da suke yin amfani da su ya yin tattaunawa da wanda suke yin magana da shi sun haɗa da:

§ Dan Allah a saurare mu: idan aka lura za a fahimci cewa, faɗin domin Allah a saurare mu da Hausawa suke cewa, baya nuna tsoro, ko fargaba illa dai ladabi na magana a tsakaninsu da wanda suke tattaunawa da shi. Hakan, yana bayar da dama zaunawa domin a fahimci juna.

§ Mu zauna lafiya: Hausawa sukan yi amfani da irin wannan ladabi ne, domin su kwantar da hankali na waɗanda suke yin rikici da juna a tsakaninsu.

§ A riƙa yin haƙuri da juna: A kullum Bahaushe mutum ne wanda yake son a zauna lafiya. Domin haka, z aka ji yana cewa, mu riƙa haƙuri da juna, tun da Allah ya haɗa mu, dole ne sai wani ya vatawa wani a cikinmu.

§ Mu ‘yan’uwan juna ne: Za ka ji suna faɗar cewa, Bahaushe da Bafulatani ‘yan’uwan juna ne, yin rikici a tsakaninmu abin kunya ne.

Idan aka lura, za a fahimci cewa, yin amfani da irin waɗannan kalmomin sukan rage girman tashin hankalin da al’umma suka tsinci kansu a tsakaninsu da masu aikata garkuwa da mutane a Jihar Katsina.

6.2 Azancin Magana

Bahaushe mutum ne mai tarin azanci da hikima ta sarrafa harshe lokacin da yake tattaunawa, ko zance da abokin mu’amalarsa, yakan saƙa karin maganar da za ta jawo hankalinsa gami da nusar da shi dangane da yanayin da ake a ciki. Misalan karin maganar da ake amfani da su a lokacin sasanci da masu garkuwa da mutane a Jihar Katsina su ne:

§ Zaman lafiya ya fi zama ɗan sarki: Wannan karin magana yana bayyana wa mai sauraro cewa, idan babu zaman lafiya, sarki ma ba za ya iya gudanar da mulki ba. Haka ma, sai da zaman lafiya ne al’umma suke ci gaba ta fuskar tatalin arziki da lumana.

§ Duk abin da ya taɓa hanci; idanuwa ruwa suke yi: Abin da wannan karin magana yake nunawa a tsakanin Bahaushe da Bafulatani akwai danƙon zumunci, wannan ya sa ake ce masu Hausa Fulani. Sakamakon irin wannan dangantaka suke ganin duk abin da tava Bafulatani, babu makawa ya tava Bahaushe. Lura da cewa, akwai auratayya da kasuwanci da dai sauran al’amiransu.

§ Abin da arziki bai kawo ba, tsiya ba za ta kawo shi ba: Kai-tsaye wannan azancn magana yana bayyana nuhimmancin zaman lafiya a tsakanin vangarori guda biyu masu rigima da juna.

§ Ai hankali ya fi ƙarfin tuwo: Duk da irin muhimmancin tuwo ga rayuwar Bahaushe, idan aka lura za a fahimci cewa, ya nuna hankali ya fi shi. Haka kuma, duk abin da aka bi a hankali za a cimma nasarar warware shi.

Idan aka lura za a ga cewa, yin amfani da irin waɗannan kalamai suna nuna muhimmancin sulhu, wanda kuma shi ne yake haifar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa, a tsakanin ɓangarori guda biyu masu rikici da juna.

6.3 Sarakunan Gargajiya

Iyayen ƙasa watau sarakuna, shuwagabanni ne na gargajiya waɗanda suke da matuƙar ƙima a idanun talakkawansu, musamman idan aka lura da yadda suke a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masarautar Katsina (Katsina Emirate Council), suna taka muhimmiyar rawa domin shiga tsakani a matsayinsu na iyayen ƙasa, ta hanyar kiran kowane vangare na masu rigima da juna a zauna domin a ɗinke bakin zaren matsalar da take farua.

La’akari da kasancewarsu a matsayin waɗanda suka fi kusa da al’umma, ya sa al’ummar da suke jagoranta, a kullum suke ganin su a matsayin wasu mutane masu hikima da gaskiya da riƙon amana. Domin haka, kalamansu suna da matuƙar tasiri wajen ƙulla sulhu da samar da zaman lafiya a tsakanin ɓangarorin guda biyu Wannan ya sa sarakunan gargajiya na Hausa suke naɗa su a matsayin sarkunan have ko na arɗo, hakan yana faruwa ne duk domin a samar da zaman lafiya a cikin al’umma. Kazalika, waɗannan sarakuna na have, suna taka rawa domin ganin sun hukunta duk wani mai laifi daga cikin iiyalansu.

6.4 Malaman Addini

Malaman addini a Jihar Katsina, suna taimakawa ta fuskar wanzar da zaman lafiya ta hanyar amfani da harshen Hausa, domin tunatar da masu aikata laifin yin garkuwa da mutane da sauraran wasu laifuffuka dangane da hukuncin da ya shafi addini. Bayan haka, suna yi musu gargaɗi a kan sakamakon da masu aikata laifi za su ci karo da shi, tun daga nan gidan duniya har na gobe ƙiyama. Malama suna kiran su domin su gaggauta tuba a kan ba za su ƙara aikata makamancin laifi irin sa ba. Irin wannan gargaɗi, yana tasiri ga masu aikata laifin, musamman idan aka yi shi a cikin hikima da tausayi.

Ganin cewa, babban harshen hulɗa da masu aikata garkuwa da sauran al’umma suke yin mu’amala da shi, shi ne harshen Hausa. Sakamakon haka, malanan addini suke amfani da shi wajen kira da yin gargaɗi kan a zauna lafiya.

6.5 Tattaunawa da Jami’an Tsaro

Jami’an tsaro manyan ginshiƙai ne na samar da zaman lafiya a tsakanin al’umma. A lokacin da ake tattunawa domin ƙulla sulhu da masu garkuwa da mutane, jami’an tsaro sukan yi amfani da harshen Hausa kasancewar kowane ɓangare na al’umma da masu garkuwa suke fahimta, a maimakon amfani da harshen Ingilishi. Hakan ya kawar da shakku, tare da samun amincewa daga kowane ɓangare. Soba (2017 shafi 110) ya ambato tattaunawa da sa’ido da bayar da wani muƙami da za a ɗora wa alhakin lura da matsalar tsaro a matsayin dabarun tsaro na gargajiya. Wannan dabara ta rage tsoro daga masu aikata garkuwa da mutane. A taƙaice, amfani da wannan hikima tana kawo sauƙi ƙwarai ta fuskar samun damar tattaunawa da masu garkuwa da mutane.

7.0 Ƙalubale

 Kowane irin abu yana da irin nasa cikas ko kuma ƙalubale. Sakamakon haka, wannan takarda ta fahimci cewa, nasara ba za ta samu ba idan aka sami ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan abubuwa:

i. Ƙarancin ingantaccen horo na musamman a fannin sulhu ga jami’an tsaro, wani babban cikas ne na ɗorewar zaman lafiya a tsakanin jama’a.

ii. Bambancin harshe tsakanin ɓangarori guda biyu yana taimakawa wajen hana samun fahimtar juna. Sakamakon kowane vangare za ya fahimci cewa, kamar ba za a yi masa adalci ba.

iii. Savanin fahimta da rashin haɗin kai tsakanin jami’an tsaro da shugabannin al’umma yana kawo tarnaƙi ga abin da aka sa a gaba.

iv. Tasirin kafafen sada zumunta na zamani wajen yada tsoro a tsakanin mutane wani babban ƙalubale ne wanda yake ƙara haifar da koma baya a tsakanin al’umma. Misali, ‘yanta’adda za su kasha mutane goma; amma sai ka ji a kafafen watsa labarai sun sanar da cewa, dubban mutane suka rasa ransu sakamakon harin da ‘yanta’adda suka kai.

8.0 Sakamakon Bincike

Sakamakon wannan takarda da aka gudanar ta gano cewa, harshen Hausa yana taka gaggarumar gudummuwa wajen ƙulla sasanci a tsakanin masu garkuwa da mutane da sauran al’umma. An gano yin amfani da harshen yana Rage tashin hankali da saka nishaɗi da juna ta hanyar ladubban magana da saka azanci da hikima gami da yafewa juna. Bugu da ƙari, takardar ta gano cewa, harshen Hausa yana bayar da gudummawa wajen kuɓutar da rayukan mutane da dukiyoyinsu cikin lumana. Daga ƙarshe, an fahimci cewa, harshen Hausa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin muhimman kayan aiki na samar da tsaro fiye da ƙarfi, ko yin amfani da bakin bindiga a Jihar Katsina.

9.0 Shawarwari

Wasu daga cikin shawarwarin da wannan takarda take ganin idan an yi amfani da su za su taimaka wajen tabbatar da zaman lafiya a jihar Katsina sun haɗa da:

i. Horar da jami’an tsaro dabarun sadarwa da harshen Hausa, wani mataki ne na haɗa kan al’umma tare da fahimtar yanayin da suke ciki.

ii. Akwai buƙatar hukuma ta riƙa sanya shuwagabannin al’umma na gargajiya da malamai a cikin tsarin tsaro. Yin hakan zai taimaka wajen gano bakin zaren wuraren da matsala take.

iii. Yana da kyau a kafa cibiyoyin samar da sulhu a tsakanin al’umma. Kafa cibiyoyin zai taimaka wajen kashe wutar rikicin da za ta iya tashi tun ba ta kai ga ruruwa ba.

iv. Yana da kyau a ƙara inganta shirye-shiryen gidajen rediyo domin bunƙasa zaman lafiya ta hanyar tattaunawa da fitattun magabata waɗanda suka yi gwagwarmaya a rayuwarsu, wajen ƙara samun sababbin dabaru da za su ƙara tabbatar da ɗorewar zaman lafiya a tsakanin al’umma.

10.0 Kammalawa

Wannan takarda, ta yi ƙoƙari wajen fito da irin gudummuwar da harshen Hausa yake bayarwa ta fuskar ƙulla sulhu gami da samar da tsaro a Jihar Katsina. Haka kuma, an yi tsokaci game da manufa da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike. Har wa yau, takardar ta bayyana ra’in da aka jingina wannan nazari akai. Sai aka bayyana matakan da aka yi amfani da su wajen samar da sulhu tsakanin ‘yanta’adda masu garkuwa da mutane da sauran al’umma. Daga nan, takardar ta kawo sakamakon da aka gano gami da shawarwari.

Manazarta

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Magaji A. (2023), The impact of audio-lingual method on the comprehension of Hausa written prose among secondary schools students of Katsina State, Nigeria. (Masters Theasis), Department of Arts and Social Science. Ahmadu Bello University.

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