Sana’o’i Da Kasuwanci Na Hausawa a Kan Intanet

Daga

Abu-Ubaida Sani
Jibril Yusuf
Muhammad Sulaiman Abdullahi

Bunƙasar intanet ya buɗe ƙofofin samun kuɗi masu tarin yawa. Wasu daga cikinsu sababbi ne waɗanda suka samu a dalilin samuwar intanet. Misalansu sun haɗa da ƙananan sana’o’in da suka shafi sayar da data da kuma nau’o’in ƙwadagon da suka shafi gina kafafen intanet da ba su tsaro. A ɓangare ɗaya kuwa, intanet ya kawo sauye-sauye a harkokin neman kuɗi waɗanda da ma ana da su. Tuni Hausawa masu yawa da suke da manya da ƙananan kasuwanci suka rungumi intanet, inda suke tallata hajojinsu a kafafen intanet da kafafen sada zumunta.

Sani da wasu (2019 p. 48) sun rawaito Poon da Swatman suna cewa: “Amfani da intanet a tsakanin masu ƙananan sana'o'i ya zama wani fitaccen lamari (batu) ga manazarta a fannin ilimin kimiyyar intanet da na kasuwanci.” Duniyar intanet shakundum ce ta fuskar tattara hanyoyin neman kuɗi daban-daban. Mafi yawan motsi/lamura da suke kan intanet kuɗi suke kawowa. Kusan komai da yake kan intanet yana da darajar da za a iya sarrafa shi domin samun kuɗi – wato dai za a iya gudanar da kasuwanci da shi.

A intanet akan samu har tsofaffin sana’o’in Hausawa da aka fara mantawa da su. Sannan akan iya yin kasuwanci da waɗannan tsofaffin sana’o’i ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar sayar da bayanan ko sayar da hotuna da bidiyoyin ko ɗora tallace-tallace a kafafen da suke.

Hanyoyin Neman Kuɗin Hausawa a Duniyar Intanet

Hausawa masu yawa suna samun kuɗi a kan intanet a yau. Harkokin samun kuɗi a intanet suna da yawa. Duk da haka, ana iya kallon su ta fuskoki guda biyar kamar haka:

1. Ƙwadagon Kan Intanet (Online Freelancing)

2. Baje Haja/Koli

3. Dillanci

4. Kasuwancin Kuɗin Intanet

5. Talla (Advertisement)

Ƙwadagon Kan Intanet (Online freelancing)

Aikin ƙwadago na kan intanet ya shafi duk wani nau’in aiki da ake buƙatar wata ƙwarewa ta musamman domin gudanar da ita. Manyan hajojin ‘yan ƙwadago suke kasawa su ne basirarsu da ƙwarewarsu.

Ɗaya daga cikin alfanun irin wannan aiki shi ne kamar yadda Downey (2022) yake cewa:

A freelancer is not an employee of a firm and may therefore be at liberty to complete different jobs concurrently by various individuals or firms... Downey, (2022 p. 1)

Fassara:

Firilansa ba ma’aikaci ne da wata ma’aikata ta ɗauka aikin dindindin ba, don haka yana da damar gudanarwa da kammala ayyuka daban-daban a lokaci guda, waɗanda yake karɓa daga mutane ko ma’aikatu daban-daban...

Ƙwadagon kan intanet ya kasance fanni-fanni. A ƙasa an kawo wasu daga cikin nau’o’in ƙwadagon kan intanet waɗanda Hausawa suke cin gajiyarsu.

Ƙwadagon Da Suka Shafi Kimiyyar Harshe (Language And Linguistic Services)

Ƙwadagon kan intanet na kimiyyar harshe ya shafi ayyuka masu alaƙa da harsuna. Kafin shigowar intanet akan gudanar da ire-iren ayyukan. A lokacin dole ne a haɗu tsakanin ɗan ƙwadago da waɗanda suke bukatar a yi musu aiki domin tattaunawa. Misali, dole ne a gabatar wa mai aikin fassara takardun da zai fassara. Shi kuwa idan ya kammala fassarar, zai tattara su ya kai wa masu abu abunsu.

Yanzu abin ya sauya zane. Ma’aikata sukan yi rajista a kan intanet a kafafe daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin kafafen da ‘yan ƙwadagon kan intanet na bangaren kimiyyar harshe suke rajista da su sun haɗa da:

i. ProZ - https://www.proz.com

ii. TranslatorsCafe - https://www.translatorscafe.com

iii. Gengo - https://gengo.com

iv. TranslationDirectory - https://www.translationdirectory.com

v. Lionbridge - https://www.lionbridge.com

vi. Upwork - https://www.upwork.com

Kamfanoni ko ɗaiɗaikun mutanen da suke neman ma’aikata za su iya dubawa daga ire-iren kafafen domin su tuntuɓi ɗan ƙwadago. Hausawa da suke zaune a Nijeriya sukan gudanar da ayyuka a kamfanoni daban-daban da suke nisan duniya. Fitattun ƙwadagon kan intanet da Hausawa suke yi a yau waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin kimiyyar harshe sun haɗa da:

A - Bin Ƙwaƙƙwafin Ma’ana (Linguistic Evaluation)

Wannan nau’in ƙwadagon kan intanet ya shafi ƙoƙarin gano matsayin kalmomi a cikin harsuna daban-daban. Matsayin kalmomi a nan yana nufin zubin harufansu da yanayin furucinsu a harshen da ake aiki a cikinsa da kuma makamanciyar ma’ana ko ma’anoni da za a iya samu tsakanin sautin furucin kalmomin da wasu kalmomi a cikin harshen da ake bincike a cikinsa (misali yadda za a furta wata kalma a harshen Ingilishi ko Larabci yana iya yin kamata da furucin wata kalma a Hausa. Wannan shi ne a Ingilishi ake kira da false friend).

Haka kuma, akwai bambanci tsakanin kalmomi masu kama-sauti (homophones) da na kama-rubutu (homograph). Merriam Webster sun kawo ma’anar homophones a matsayin: “one of two or more words pronounced alike but different in meaning or derivation or spelling (such as the words to, too, and two).” (Merriam Webster, 2024a). Ma’ana: “… ɗaya daga cikin kalmomi biyu ko sama da haka waɗanda suke da makamancin furuci amma ma’anarsu ko tushensu ko abajadinsu daban.

Yayin da wata ma’aikata ko wani kamfani ko gwamnati suke shirin fito da sababbin shirye-shirye ko muhimman sunayen abubuwan da suka shafe su, akwai buƙatar gudanar da irin wannan aikin. Yadda ake yi kuwa shi ne, za a tura kalmomin zuwa ga masana harsuna daban-daban. Kowane masanin harshe, zai nazarci kalmomin ta fuskoki da dama.

B - Fassara (Translation)

Fassara tana nufin aikin da ya shafi fasahar bin tsararrun matakan samar da ma’anar kalma ko kalmomi ko jumloli ko bayanai da aka yi a cikin wani harshe (wanda ake kira harshen bayarwa) zuwa wani harshe (wanda ake kira harshen karɓa)[1] ba tare da salwantar da ainihin ma’anar kamar yadda take a harshen bayarwa ba, bisa la’akari da muhimman abubuwan da suka haɗa da bambance-bambancen al’adu da tsarin ginin jumla da suke tsakanin harsunan biyu.

Kamfanoni da gwamnatoci da ɗaiɗaikun mutane sukan buƙaci a yi musu fassara. Kusan duk wata takardar cikin wata na’ura ko fankon magani da mutum ya ɗauka a yau, zai tarar da an fassara bayanan da suke jiki zuwa harsuna daban-daban. Duk wannan aiki ne na ‘yan ƙwadago a fannin kimiyyar harshe.

C - Fassara Da Ƙirƙira (Transcreation)

Aikin fassara da ƙirƙira yana matuƙar kama da aikin fassara, musamman idan ta kasance fassara mai ‘yanci. Babban bambancinsu shi ne, a aikin fassara da ƙirƙira, an fi mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙiro maganganu da suka dace da al’ada da adabin al’ummar da ake son isar wa saƙo. Mai aiki a nan yana da damar ragi da ƙari mai yawa daidai da manufar saƙon. Wannan ne yake ba da dama saƙo ya fito ɗauke da salon magana da falsafar zance irin na masu magana da harshen a matsayin harshen uwa.

D - Tafintanci (Interpretation)

Tafintanci wani aiki ne da ya shafi kimiyyar harshe inda ɓangarori biyu na mutanen da ba su fahimtar harsunan juna suke iya tattaunawa a tsakaninsu nan take da taimakon tafinta, inda shi tafinta yake fassara wa kowane ɓangare abin da ɗaya ɓangaren ya faɗa.

Tafintocin kan intanet sukan samu ayyuka ta hanyoyi guda biyu:

a. Ana iya duba bayanan tafinta a kan intanet sannan a buƙaci ya je wani wurin da za a gabatar da aiki gaba da gaba. Za ta iya yiwuwa a kotu ne ko a wurin wani taro, da makamantansu.

b. Ana iya neman tafinta daga kan intanet, sannan ya gudanar da tafintancin a kan intanet. Wannan yana yiwuwa ta hanyar waya ko wata manhajar da take ba da damar tattaunawa kai-tsaye cikin bidiyo.

E - Maye Sauti[2] (Voice Over)

Maye gurbin sauti fasaha ce ta share sautin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wani bidiyo tare da ɗora wani sauti na daban (yawanci a cikin wani harshe na daban) cikin salo da tsarin da zai yi daidai da wanda aka cire ɗin (misali, motsawar baki ko wucewar hotuna, da sauransu). A yau, maye gurbin sauti ba sabon abu ba ne ga Hausawan da suke kallon finafinai ko labarai a talabijin ko kafafen intanet. A cikin labaran Hausa na talabijin, za a iya hasko bidiyon wani yana magana da wani harshe na daban wanda ba Hausa ba. A ɓangare guda kuwa, za a samu wanda zai fassara maganganun da yake faɗa sannan a ɗora sautin maganar cikin harshen Hausa domin maye gurbin ainihin sautin da ake magana da shi.

Sauran misalan ƙwadagon kan intanet da suka shafi kimiyyar harshe sun haɗa da:

a. Karatun bita (proofreading)

b. Ƙirƙirar rubutu (content writing)

c. Subtitling (fassarar kan sikirin)

d. Tsara rubutu (typesetting)

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[1] Ko bayan wannan suna (harshen bayarwa da harshen karɓa), akwai waɗansu sunayen da ake musu. Sun haɗa da (a) harshe na ɗaya da harshe na biyu, ko (b) harshen aiki da harshen mai aiki.

[2] Waɗansu sukan kira shi da suna “Ɗora Murya”.

Manazarta: 

Sani, A-U.,  Yusuf, J. & Abdullahi, M.S. (2025). Damfara a duniyar intanet. SAS Publishers. ISBN: 978-978-695-575-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19513307