Kwaskwarimar Sunayen Yanka Domin Samar Da Sababbin Sunaye

Daga

Adamu Rabi’u Bakura, Ph.D.
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Arbakura62@gmail.com & adamubakura@fugusau.edu.ng

Da

Abu-Ubaida SANI, Ph.D.
Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Email: abuubaidasani5@gmail.com | official@amsoshi.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-4334 | WhatsApp: +2348133529736

Kwaskwarima, kalma ce da take cikin tsarin kalmomin Hausa jinsin sunayen mata. Takan ɗauki ma’anar yi wa abu ado domin ƙara masa kyau. Daidai take da “gyara”, kamar yadda CNHN (2006 p. 268) ya nuna. Ita kuwa kalmar gyara ta kasance cikin kalmomin aikatau, wato kalmar da take nuni da aukuwar aiki. Akan yi wa kalmar ƙarin ƙwayoyin sauti kamar: [e], [i], [o] da [u]. Kalmar na ɗauke da ma’anoni kamar haka:

i. Mai da abin da ya lalace daidai ko kyautata shi.

ii. Daidaita al’amari.

iii. Yin kaki ko fyace majina ko wanke abu.

iv. Feɗe dabba.

v. Kama ruwa, wato yin tsarki, kamar yadda CNHN (2006 p. 185) ya bayyana.

Shi kuwa Abubakar (2015 p. 291) ya bayyana cewa: “Kalmar suna ce da ke cikin jinsin sunayen kalmomin mata. Tana ɗauke da ma’anar yin gyare-gyaren abin da ya riga ya ɓaci ko ya tsufa.

Ta la’akari da abin da masana suka bayyana, ana iya cewa: “Kwaskwarima a wannan fagen tana ɗauke da ma’anar gyaran fuskar da akan yi wa kalmomin sunayen yanka. Akan yi haka ne domin daidaita tsarin gininsu ta yadda za su dace da na Hausawa, domin a sami damar hausance su, har ya kasance sai an zurfafa tunani a gano asalin inda aka samo kalmar.

Akan aiwatar da kwaskwarimar kalmomin sunayen yanka ta hanyoyi mabambanta a ƙasar Hausa. Misali, kalmar sunan da ake kira:

a. Ahmadu: Wannan kalmar sunan yanka tana ƙunshe da gaɓoɓi uku ne kamar haka: /Ah/, /ma/ da /du/. An yi wa sunan gyaran fuska ta hanyar shafe gaɓar farko, wato /Ah/ yayin da gaɓa ta biyu wato /ma/ ta kasance tamkar yadda take tun asali. A gaɓar ƙarshe kuwa, wato /du/ sai aka sauya mata wasalinta na asali, wato ƙwayar wasalin /u/ aka sauya shi zuwa ƙwayar wasalin /o/. Ta haka ne aka mayar da sunan zuwa Mado.

b. Al’auwalu: Wannan kalmar sunan tana da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /al/ / au/ /wa/ /lu/, sai aka yi mata gyaran fuska tare da sauya wa wasu ƙwayoyin sauti bagiren da suke na asali. A wannan sunan, an shafe ƙwayar sautin /a/ da take farkon kalmar, aka bar ƙwayar sautin/l/ na gaɓar farkon kalmar, sai aka sa masa ƙwayar wasalin /a/ na tagwan wasali da ke gaɓa ta biyu. Aka kuma shafe ƙwayar rabin wasalin /u/ da aka aura, yayin da aka shafe gaɓar ƙarshen kalmar sunan tare da sanya ƙwayar wasalin /i/ a bayan gaɓa ta uku. Ta haka ne aka sami suna: Lawai. Ta wata hanyar kuma akan sami Lawali kamar yadda akan furta shi a Hausar Yamma.

c. Almusɗafa: Wannan kalmar suna tana da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /Al/ /mus/ /ɗa/ /fa/, sai aka shafe ƙwayar sautinsa na gaɓa ta biyu tare da gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu wato /ɗa/ da /fa/ aka rinƙa ambaton mai sunan ALMU.    A wasu yankunan ƙasar Hausa kuwa, an shafe gaɓar farkon kalmar sunan ne wato Al aka bar gaɓa ta biyu da ta uku da ta huɗu, sai sunan ya kasance Musɗafa.

d. Hadijatu: Wannan kalmar sunan tana da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /Ha/ /di/ /ja/ /tu/. A nan an shafe gaɓar farko wato /ha/ da gaɓa ta huɗu wato /tu/, sai aka samar da sunan: Dija kamar yadda wasu yankunan ƙasar Hausa kan kira mai sunan. Kodayake a wasu yankunan ƙasar Hausa akan musanya wasalin /a/ na baƙin /j/ da wasalin /e/ sai aka samar da je wato sunan ya koma Dije, tamkar yadda akan kira mai sunan a Hausar yamma.

e. Muhammadu: Daga ciki ne aka cire “Mamman. ”An yi wa kalmar kwaskwarima ne ta hanyar cire wasalin gaɓar farko na u da harafin gaɓa ta biyu wato h, sai aka sami Mammadu, kamar yadda wasu kan kira mai sunan. Yayin da Hausawa suka cire gaɓar ƙarshen kalmar sunan wato du suka saka ƙwayar sautin n sai aka samar da kalmar: Mamman. A kalmar an shafe ƙwayoyin sauti uh da gaɓar ƙarshe ta du aka saka ƙwayar sauti ta na.

f. Usmanu: Wannan kalmar sunan yanka tana ƙunshe da gaɓoɓi uku ne kamar haka: /Us/, /ma/ da /nu/. An yi wa kalmar gyaran fuska ne ta hanyar shafe gaɓar farkonta wato, /Us/, sai aka bar ta biyu wato /ma/ da ta uku wato /nu/, su ne suka samar da Manu da ake kiran mai suna Usmanu a karin harshen Hausar gabas. A karin harshen Hausar yamma kuwa sukan ce Mani, wato an musanya wasalin ƙarshe na u aka mayar da shi wasalin /i/.

g. Zainabu: Wannan kalmar suna ta Zainabu tana da gaɓoɓi uku ne kamar haka:   /zai/, /na/, /bu/, sai aka shafe gaɓar farko wato zai tare da ƙwayar sautin n na gaɓa ta biyu. Daga nan sai aka bar ƙwayar sautin a da gaɓar ƙarshe, wato bu, waɗanda aka haɗe su suka samar da suna Abu. Kamar yadda Hausawa suke kiran mai suna Zainabu.

Manazarta

Bakura, A.R. & Sani, A-U. (2024). Sunayen Hausawa (Bunƙasar Sunayen Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu). WT Press. ISBN: 978-978-782-932-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19512083