Gutsure Sunan Yanka

Daga

Adamu Rabi’u Bakura, Ph.D.
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Arbakura62@gmail.com & adamubakura@fugusau.edu.ng

Da

Abu-Ubaida SANI, Ph.D.
Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Email: abuubaidasani5@gmail.com | official@amsoshi.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-4334 | WhatsApp: +2348133529736

Wannan kalmar an samo ta ne daga tushen Gutsura wadda akan iya yi mata ƙarin ƙwayar sautin: [e] ko [i] ko [o] ko [u] a gaɓar ƙarshe. Gutsura kalma ce mai nuna aukuwar aiki. Tana ƙunshe da ma’anar ɓantara ko cire ko yaga, kuma daidai take da gutsuntsura. Kalmar gutsuntsuna, kalma ce da ke ɗauke da ma’anar kakkarya abu ƙanana-ƙanana, daidai take da gutsura ko gutsuttsura (CNHN, 2006 p. 178).

Shi kuwa Abubakar (2015 p. 178)bayyana kalmar gutsura da cewa: Kalmar aikatau ce, wadda kan iya ɗaukar ƙarin ƙwayar ma’ana ta {-e} ta sauya zuwa gutsure ko ƙwayar sautin [i] ta sauya zuwa gutsuri ko ƙwayar sautin [o] ta sauya zuwa gutsuro ko ƙwayar sautin [u] ta sauya zuwa gutsuru. Ya nuna cewa, kalmar tana ƙunshe da ma’anar Yankewa ko tsinkewa daga mai yawa ko mai girma. A ma’anarsa ta biyu sai ya ce: “Fincikar ƙaramin daga jikin babba. ”

Ta la’akari da waɗannan ma’anonin, ana iya cewa, kalmar tana nufin yanke ko cire wani sashen kalmar sunan yanka domin a taƙaita (gajarta) shi ta hanyar cire wata gaɓa ko gaɓoɓinsa na asali. Irin haka yakan sa a kasa gane (fahimtar) inda aka samo sunan, har a riya cewa, na Hausawa ne na asali.

Akan gutsure kalmar sunan yanka ta hanyoyi mabambanta a ƙasar Hausa. Shi dai gutsure kalmar suna ba baƙon al’amari ba ne. Kusan al’ummomi da dama kan aiwatar da hakan. Misali, al’ummar Larabawa sukan gutsure kalmomin sunaye, musamman a wajen furta su ta hanyar yanke ƙwayar sautin ƙarshe na kalma, kamar a waɗannan misalai:

Jad. na 6: Gutsure Sunan Yanka Don Samar da Sunayen Hausawa

	Suna	Ƙwayarsautin da aka shafe	Yadda ake furta shi
1.	A’ishatu	-tu	A’isha
2.	Muhammadu	-u	Muhammad
3.	Adamu	-u	Adam
4.	Faruku	-u	Faruk
5.	Usmanu	-u	Usman

Su ma al’ummar Turawa ba a bar su a baya ba, domin sukan gutsure sunayensu na yanka ta hanyar cire wasu ƙwayoyin ƙarshe na kalmomin. Misali:

Jad. na 7: Gutsure Sunan Yanka Don Samar da Sunayen Turawa

	CikakkenSuna	Yadda Suke Faɗarsa
1.	Jonathan	John
2.	Frederick	Fred
3.	Montgomery	Monty
4.	Rabecca	RebaorBeck
5.	Elizabeth	LizorBeth
6.	Catherine	Cathy

Haka lamarin ya kasance a tsakanin al’ummar Hausawa, a inda za a tarar cewa, wajen gutsure kalmar a wasu sunayen yanka, sukan ɗauki mabambantan hanyoyin aiwatar da shi. A wasu sunayen akan yanke gaɓar ƙarshen kalma, kamar a waɗannan misalai:

Jad. na 8: Gutsure Sunan Yanka Don Samar da Sunayen Hausawa

	Cikakken Suna	Ƙwayar Sautin da Aka Cire	Yadda Ake Furta Sunan
1.	A’ishatu	-tu	A’isha
2.	Hadijatu	-tu	Hadija
3.	Ruƙayyatu	-tu	Ruƙayya
4.	Hannatu	-tu	Hanne
5.	Saratu	-tu	Sarai

Idan aka dubi waɗannan sunayen da idanun basira, za a ga cewa, tun daga lamba ta 1 har zuwa 3 an cire gaɓar ƙarshen kalmar sunayen ne kawai. Yayin da aka koma a ɓangaren lamba ta 4 da ta biyar kuwa za a ga an cire ƙwayar ma’ana ta {-atu} ne sai aka bar {Hann-} aka yi mata ƙarin ƙwayar sauti ta {-e} sai ta koma Hanne. A ɓàngaren lamba ta 5 kuwa, an cire gaɓar ƙarshen kalmar sunan ne, wato{–tu}, aka bar Sara, sannan aka yi wa kalmar ƙarin ƙwayar ma’anar {-i}, sai aka samu Sarai.

Manazarta

Bakura, A.R. & Sani, A-U. (2024). Sunayen Hausawa (Bunƙasar Sunayen Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu). WT Press. ISBN: 978-978-782-932-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19512083