Gajarta Sunan Yanka Domin Samar Da Sababbin Sunaye

Daga

Adamu Rabi’u Bakura, Ph.D.
Department of Languages and Cultures
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Arbakura62@gmail.com & adamubakura@fugusau.edu.ng

Da

Abu-Ubaida SANI, Ph.D.
Department of Languages and Cultures,
Federal University Gusau, Zamfara, Nigeria
Email: abuubaidasani5@gmail.com | official@amsoshi.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6447-4334 | WhatsApp: +2348133529736

Kalmar tana cikin kalmomin aikatau (fi’ili), tana ɗauke da ma’anar rage tsawon abu, kamar yadda CNHN (2006 p. 150) suka bayyana. A wannan fagen kuwa, tana nufin taƙaita ko gajarta wani yankin kalmar sunan yanka domin a rage tsawonta ta yadda za a hausance ta.

a. A’ishatu: Sunan ya ƙunshi gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /A/, /i/ /sha/, /tu/. An taƙaita sunan ne ta hanyar shafe gaɓar farko da ta biyu, wato A da i, aka bar gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu waɗanda aka haɗe su suka bayar da Shatu.

b. Abubakar: Wannan kalmar sunan yanka tana ƙunshe da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /A/, /bu/, /ba/, /kar/, sai aka taƙaita ta ta hanyar cire gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu, wato /ba/ da /kar/ aka hausance ta ta koma (zama) Abu. A nan ke nan an ɗauki gaɓar farko da ta biyu waɗanda suka zama Abu wato taƙaitaccen sunan Abubakar.

c. Aliyu: Wannan kalmar sunan tana da gaɓoɓi uku ne kamar haka: /A/, /li/ /yu/. A wajen taƙaita sunan, an shafe wasalin /i/ aka musanya shi da wasalin /u/tare da shafe gaɓà ta uku, sai aka sami Alu. Kamar yadda ake ambaton mai suna Aliyu a karin harshen Hausar gabas. Yayin da a Hausar yamma sukan shafe gaɓar ƙarshe tare da tsawaita gaɓar farko wato Áli.

d. Attahiru: Sunan yana ƙunshe da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /At/, /ta/, /hi/, /ru/. An shafe gaɓoɓi biyu na ƙarshe wato ta uku da ta huɗu, sai ya kasance aka kira mai sunan Atta. A wasu yankunan ƙasar Hausa kuwa, akan yi musayar wasalin /a/ da ke gaɓa ta biyu a maye gurbinsa da wasalin /o/ sai aka samar da Atto musamman a ƙarin harshen Sakkwatanci. Wasu kuwa gaɓar farko ce sukan shafe, shi ya haifar da samuwar Tahiru wasu su kira shi da Ɗahiru.

e. Basharu: Sunan ya ƙunshi gaɓoɓi uku ne kamar haka: /Ba/, /sha/ da /ru/. An taƙaita shi ne ta hanyar shafe gaɓar farkon kalmar, wato Ba sai aka rinƙa kiran mai sunan da Sharu.

f. Hadijatu: Sunan yana ƙunshe da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka; /Ha/, /di/, /ja/, /tu/. A wurare kamar Sifawa da ke Ƙaramar Hukumar Mulkin Boɗinga sukan taƙaita shi ne ta hanyar shafe gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu, shi ya wanzar da samuwar sunan Hadi a yankin.

g. Idirisu: Sunan yana ƙunshe da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /I/, /di/, /ri/, /su/, sai aka shafe gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu, wato: /ri/da /su /, aka bar gaɓa ta ɗaya da ta biyu waɗanda suka bayar da sunan Idi.

h. Isma’ila: Sunan yana da gaɓoɓi huɗu ne kamar haka: /Is/, /ma/, /’i/, /la/. Yayin da aka zo wajen taƙaita sunan, sai aka shafe gaɓa ta ɗaya da ta biyu wato; /Is/ da /ma/, aka rinƙa amfani da gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu waɗanda aka haɗe su, suka zama Ila. Wasu kuma sukan sauya ƙwayar wasalin /a/ su sanya ta /u/, shi ya haifar da samuwar Ilu, kamar yadda ake kiran mai sunan a wasu sassa.   A wani ɓangaren kuwa, akan yi amfani da gaɓar farko da ta biyu ne, a gaɓar farko sukan shafe wasalin /i/ da ya ɗauri ƙwayar /s/, kana su sanya wa  /s/ ɗin wasalin /a/. Haka ɗin ne ya haifar da ake kiran mai sunan Sama musamman a ƙasar Sakkwato da ta Kabi. A ƙasar Zamfara sai a kira mai sunan Sama’ila wato sun haɗe Sama da Ila, wasu kuma su ce Sama’ilu, su ma suka haɗe Sama da Ilu.

i. Yusufa: Sunan ya ƙunshi gaɓoɓi uku ne kamar haka: /Yu/, /su/, /fa/. An taƙaita sunan ne ta hanyar shafe gaɓar ƙarshen kalmarsa tare da musanya wasalin gaɓa ta biyu na /u/ da wasalin /I/, hakan ya samar da Yusi. A wani karin harshen sukan ce Isuhu wato sun musanya rabin wasalin /y/ da wasalin /i/ tare da musanya baƙin /f/da /h/, musamman a karin harshen Hausar Arewa.

j. Zulaiha’u: Sunan ya ƙunshi gaɓoɓi huɗu kamar haka: /Zu/, /lai/, /ha/, / u/. An taƙaita sunan ta hanyar shafe gaɓa ta uku da ta huɗu wato /ha/ da /u/ aka rinƙa kiran mai sunan Zulai a Hausar gabas da ta yamma sai su ce Zali. An musanya wasalin /u/na gaɓar farko da wasalin /a/. Yayin da aka shafe auren wasulla na /ai/ aka maye gurbinsa da wasalin /i/.

Akwai sunayen yanka na Musulunci da dama da aka gutsure kalmominsu ta hanyar cire wasu ƙwayoyin sauti na ƙarshen kalmarsu. Misali:

Jad. na 9: Misalan Gajarta Sunan Yanka

	Cikakkiyar Kalmar Suna	Yankin Sunan da Akan Furta	Yankin da Aka Cire
1.	Hauwa’u	Hauwa	-u
2.	Salihu	Sale	-ihu
3.	A’ishatu	A’i	-shatu

A wasu lokutan kuwa akan gutsure sunan yanka ne ta hanyar cire wani yankin farkon kalmarsa. Wannan na iya kasancewa a cire gaɓa biyu na farkon kalmar sunan, kamar a na A’ishatu da yake ƙunshe da gaɓa huɗu wato: /A/, / i/, /sha/, /tu /. Yayin da aka shafe gaɓoɓi biyu na farko, sai aka bar /sha/ da /tu/. Da su ne aka samar da suna Shatu da ake jin ana faɗarsa a Hausar yamma, musamman ma a tsohon lardin Sakkwato.

Haka lamarin ya kasance ga sunan Usumanu, shi ma an shafe gaɓoɓi biyu na farkon kalmarsa. Wato, /U/da/su/ sai aka bar gaɓa biyu na ƙarshe. Gaɓoɓin su ne, /Ma/da/nu/waɗanda suka bayar da sunan Manu da al’ummar lardin Katsina sukan kira Usumanu da shi. Yayin da a lardin Sakkwato kuwa akan shafe wasalin /u/na gaɓar ƙarshe, a sanya wasalin /i/ a madadinsa, shi ya sa a lardin akan ji ana kiran mai suna Usumanu da Mani.

Wasu lokutan kuwa akan cire harafin (baƙin) farko na kalmar sunan ne. Misali, kalmar Husaini, da an shafe harafin /H/, sai a cigaba da ambaton Usaini musamman a Hausar gabas. A wasu yankunan kuwa gaɓar farko ake shafewa, sai su rinƙa faɗar Saini.

 

Manazarta

Bakura, A.R. & Sani, A-U. (2024). Sunayen Hausawa (Bunƙasar Sunayen Hausawa da Maƙwabtansu). WT Press. ISBN: 978-978-782-932-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19512083