Karamcin Misrawa Ga Hausawa Dalibai a Masar Da Tasirinsa Ga Al'ummar Hausawa a Yau

KARAMCIN MISRAWA GA HAUSAWA ƊALIBAI A MASAR DA TASIRINSA GA AL'UMMAR HAUSAWA A YAU

Daga

Abdulrahamana Ado
Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Afirka,
Cibiyar Nazari Da Bincike Kan Nahiyar Afirka,
Jami'ar Alƙahira, Masar.
E-Mails: ado.fashi@gmail.com
ado_fashi@yahoo.com
Phone Nos: 08066177053

Takardar Da Aka Gabatar A Taron Кasa-Da-Кasa Na Farko Kan Nazarin Hausa A Ҟarni Na Ashirin Da Ɗaya Wanda Aka Yi A Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya Na Jami'ar Bayero Ta Kano A Ranar Litinin 10- Alhamis 13 Ga Watan Nuwamba, 2014.

Tsakure

Misirawa mutane ne masu karamci. Wannan takarda ta yi nazari kan ire-iren halayen karamcin da Misirawa ke yi wa ɗalibai masu zuwa karatu a ƙasar Masar da kuma irin tasirin da karamcin ya haddasar ga Hausawan ƙasar Hausa. Kaɗan daga cikin ire-iren karamcin da aka yi nazari sun haɗa da bayar da ilimi da wuraren kwana kyauta da bayar da aiki da wuraren kafa makaranta da ƙungiya da yin wasanni da bukukuwan da suka danganci addini da al'ada da makamantansu. Wannan ya haifar da samuwar malamai da alƙalai da limamai da ɗariƙu da nau'o'in abinciccika da wasu abubuwa da yawa da suka danganci harshe da adabi da al'adu na Misirawa a ƙasar Hausa.

Abstract

Egyptians are very generous. This paper studied the various generocities of Egyptians to the Hausas who goes to Egypt to study in their schools and its consequential effects to the Hausa society. The few examples of the generocities shown by the Egyptians to the Hausas includes giving them free education and accomodtions, governmental and non govermental jobs, places to establish school and societal office and finally, places to conduct social functions such as religious functions, sports, etc. These generousities resulted to having some positive effects of Egyptians ways of life on Hausa society on the areas of Language, literature and culture.

1.0     Gabatarwa

Misirawa zuriya ce ta Fir'auna masu daɗaɗɗen tarihi na ci gaba da wayewar kai (Cooper, 1990:62). Su ne ke zaune a matsugunin da yau Hausawa ke kira da suna Masar ko Misira (Rimmer, 2002:67). Masar ta kasance tsakiyar manyan tsibirai na duniya guda uku, wato Afirka da Asiya da Turai. Kogin Nilu shi ne tilon kogin da ya ratsa qasar Masar, ya mayar da ita zuwa vangarori biyu, na kudu da na arewa. Hausawa da Misirawa na yi wa kogin Nilu kirari da cewa: "Nilu Ran Masar" da "Nilu Zuciyar Masar" da "Nilu Uwar Masar, ba domin kai ba, da Masar ta tashi" (Taher, 1977:7; Rimmer, 2002:67; Zayan, 2007:12).

Bugu da ƙari, bunƙasar da ƙasar Masar ta samu na ci gaba ya sanya ake yi mata kirari da cewa: "Masar kyautar Nilu" (Cooper,1990:64) da "Masr Umm il-Dunya" (ko "Omm Eddunia") (Masar Uwar Duniya) da "Misra barikin Larabawa" da "Masar cibiyar ilimi da al'adun Larabawa" (Abdennour, 2007:5; Zayan, 2007:8; Bunza, 2002:3; Mansfield, 1978:449; Franquet, 2000:8).

 Kazalika, Masar matattara ce ta al'ummomi daban-daban (Adrian-Vallance, 2006:24). A cikinta, akwai baƙaƙe da fararen mutane, 'yan asalin ƙasar, waɗanda ke zaune da junansu, ba tare da wata tsangwama ga junansu ba. Akwai mabiya addinai da ɗariƙoƙi da yawa (Lane, 2003:241; Ado, 2014:179). Wannan ya ba ƙasar damar mallakar al'adun Larabawa iri-iri (Bunza, 2002:3; Gadalla,1998:21; Ministry of Culture, Egypt, 1982:1; Mansfield,1978:449; Abdennour, 2007:5; Franquet, 2000:8).

Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa Misirawa mutane ne masu karamci da sakin fuska fiye da sauran Larabawan duniya. Suna da haƙuri da jure zama da baƙi masu addinai da al'adu daban-daban, ba tare da sun nuna masu wata tsangwama ko bambanci ba. Bugu da ƙari, suna da wasanni na barkwanci a tsakaninsu da kuma a tsakaninsu da baƙi da taimakon baƙi da 'yan gida (McGrath, 1984:3; Gadalla, 1998:21; Abdennour, 2007:2).

A ɗaya bangaren, Hausawa mutane ne masu kirki da wayewar kai da riƙo da addininsu na Musulunci da al'adunsu kyawawa da sauƙin zamantakewa da ɗa'a ga shuwagababbinsu da riƙo da gaskiya da neman ilimi da yin amfani da tattausan harshe mai cike da kalmomin Larabci da Turanci (Ɗanhausa, 2012:11). Waɗannan da wasu halaye na ƙwarai ya sanya Hausawa suke samun karɓuwa a ƙasashen waje. Hausawa na cewa: "Nagari na kowa, mugu sai mai shi". Abin nufi shi ne, Hausawan suna da halaye na ƙwarai, "son kowa ƙin wanda ya rasa",wanda hakan ke sanya ake jin sha'awar taimaka masu a duk inda suke a cikin duniya ( Amfani, 2012:6; Gusau, 2008:19; Zarruƙ,1986:9; Muhammad, 2011:11; Muhammad, 2011:335; Alhassan, 1982; Maifata, 2014:55; Yakasai, 2011:3).

Manufar wannan bincike shi ne, a ƙara samar da rubutaccen bayani a kan Hausawa a Masar. Dalili kuwa shi ne, masana sun daɗe suna magana a kan dangantakar Hausawa da Larabawa, wanda hakan ya haddasar da rubuce-rubuce a kan Hausawa a Sudan da Saudi Arebiya da Libiya da makamantansu, amma babu rubutuce-rubuce sosai wanda ya bayyana Hausawa a ƙasar Masar (Muhammad, 2011:72). Kazalika, a yau, babu Hausawa daɗaɗɗun zama a Masar, akasarinsu ɗalibai ne masu zuwa neman ilimi. Da zarar sun gama karatu, sukan dawo gida, su amfanar da al'ummarsu. Saboda haka, manufa ta biyu shi ne, ana son a sanar da mutane irin halin da Hausawa ɗalibai suke ciki a ƙasar Masar, domin ko kila a sami wasu masu hannu da shuni ko gwamnati ko wata ƙungiyar jama'a ta agaza masu a wajen fannin ilimi ko aiki, idan sun kamala karatunsu. Manufa ta uku, ita ce, ana son a san irin muhimmancin rawar da Hausawa ɗalibai ke takawa ga al'ummar Hausawa a Masar da gida Nijeriya. Daga ƙarshe, ana son al'ummar Hausawa, gida da waje, su san irin karamcin da Misirawa ke yi wa Hausawa a ƙasar Masar.

2.0     Ire-Iren Karamcin Misirawa Ga Hausawa Ɗalibai

Hausawa ɗalibai mazauna ƙasar Masar suna amfana da halayyar kirki na Misrawa ta fannoni na rayuwa masu yawa, kamar haka:

2.1 Bayar Da Ilimi Kyauta Ga Hausawa Ɗalibai

Tarihi ya nuna cewa tun bayan da Musulunci ya shigo cikin ƙasar Masar a shekara ta 968, Hausawa ke kwarara zuwa Masar neman ilimin addinin Musulunci. Fitattu daga cikin makarantun da suke halarta, a wancan zamani, sun daɗa da Madarasa Al-Fustat da ta Ibn Rashiq da Al-Azhar da kuma Ruwaq Al-Barnawi (Brosnahan,1993:18; McGrath, 1984:39; Yahaya,1988:9; Smith, 1983:21; Mukhtar, 2010:11). A yau, baya ga sauran jami'o'in Masar da Hausawa ke yin karatu a cikinsu, Jami'ar Al-Azhar ita ce ta fi yin fice a wajen bayar da ilimi kyauta ga Hausawa (da ma sauran baƙi). Tana bayar da ilimin kyauta tun daga matakin Firamare har zuwa na digiri, a bisa tsari na karamci, mai suna "Waqf" (Waƙafi) (Sani, 2009:87).

2.2 Bayar Da Gidajen Kwana Kyauta Ko Haya Cikin Rahusa

Misirawa sukan tausaya wa Hausawa ɗalibai, su ba su gidajen kwana kyauta ko su ba su haya cikin rahusa (Zayan, 2007:158) . Malam Uwaisu Babba Rafin-Daɗi ([1]) da Malam Abubakar Barau Ɗanbatta ([2]), sun tabbatar da cewa akan ajiye Hausawa (da wasu baƙi) a gidajen kwanan ɗalibai da ake kira "Madinatul Ba'uth" a cikin birnin Alƙahira da Tanta da kuma Alexandria. Ana kuma ba kowanne ɗalibi abinci lafiyayyen mai gina jiki, sau uku a rana. Kana kuma, akan ba ɗalibai 'yan kuɗin kashewa na Fam $250 (kimanin Naira dubu bakwai da ɗari biyar) ($250xN30=N7500) a duk wata ([3]). Idan kuwa ɗalibi ya zaɓi ya zauna a wajen makaranta (cikin gari), akan ba shi Fam $350, domin ya ɗauki gida/ɗakin haya. Bugu da ƙari, Shehi Mai Jama'a ya tabbatar da cewa akwai wasu attajiran Misirawa, irinsu Sa'ud Babtin da Dr. Abdulbaƙi da makamantansu, waɗanda kan nuna halin kirki da tausayawa, su ba Hausawa ɗalibai gida, su zauna a ciki kyauta, su ba su abinci [4]. Ana samun irin waɗannan mutane a unguwar Hayyil Ashir da Madinatul Nasr da Helwan da Muƙaɗɗam da Mansura da Кaɗɗamiyya da makamantansu. Akwai kuma wasu ƙungiyoyi masu taimakawa, irin su Majalisar Кoli (A'ala) ta Waqf da Baitul Zakkat ta Kuwait da Munazamatul Sudaniyya da Jam'iyya Khairiyya da Jam'iyya Shar'iyyah da makamantansu.

2.3 Kula Da Lafiyar Hausawa Kyauta

A bisa bayanai da aka samu, Misirawa da gwamnatin Masar na kula da lafiyar Hausawa ɗalibai kyauta. Jami'ar Alƙahira da Jami'ar Al-Azhar suna da asibitocinsu waɗanda ake kula da ɗalibai da sauran mutane bayin Allah. Haka kuma, a wasu asibitocin gwamnati, ana kula Bahaushen da ya je neman magani na wata rashin lafiya ko haihuwa. Malama Zakiyya Abdulrahaman[5] ta bayyana cewa, a lokacin da ta je Masar hutu, ɗanta ya kamu da rashin lafiyar daga cutar Maleriya. Da aka kwantar da shi a asibitocin "Mustashfa al-Кahira Jadida" da Mustashfa al-Damardash" da kuma "Mustashfa Hummiyatul Abasiya", duk sun sami kula sosai ta hanayar ba su magunguna da abinci kyauta, safe da rana da yamma.

2.4 Ɗaukar Hausawa Ɗalibai Aikin A Ma'ikatun Gwamnati

A cikin "Biza" ta "Paspo" (izinin shiga ko zama cikin ƙasar Masar) na kowanne Bahaushe ɗalibi, hukumar Masar takan rubuta "Ba a yarda a yi aiki ba". Amma duk da haka, Misirawa na yin kawaici, su ba Hausawa aikin gwamnati. Akwai masu yin aiki a asibitoci da jami'o'i da kafafen yaɗa labarai da sauran wasu wurare. Wasu masu aiki ko suka taɓa yi, a Jami'o'in Masar, sun haɗa da Malam Ibrahim Bello Sakkwato da Malam Hafizu Ibrahim Kano da Dr. Yahuza Sulaiman Imam Zariya da Malam Salisu Sani Suleman Kano da Malam Adam Kamaluddeen Na-Ma'aji Kano da Malam Tijjani Yusif Zariya da kuma Malam Salihu Кaura Zariya[6]. Dukkansu suna ko sun yi koyarwa a Jami'ar Al Azhar da Jami'ar Alƙahira da Jami'ar Ain Shams (Usman, 2013:53; Usman, 2013:22; Ado, 2014:4; El-Azzazi, 2012:xi; Yakasai, 2011:20; Muhammad, 2011:23). Kazalika, wasu irin su Mal. Abdulƙadir Kurawa da Mal. Nasiru El-Rufa'i Sokoto da Dr. Mahmud Yaya Azare da Malam Salihu Кaura Zariya makamantansu, suna yin aiki a asibitoci da kafafen yaɗa labarai na Gidan Rediyo na Alƙahira da Duetsche Welled da BBC da ke da ofisoshi a dandalin Taharir, a birnin Alƙahira (Muhammad, 2011:25).

2.5 Ba Wa Hausawa Ɗalibai Limancin Masallatan Masar

A bisa tsayayyen zance, dukkan Masallatan da ke ƙasar Masar suna a ƙarƙshin kulawar ma'aikatar harkokin addini, wato "Wizarat al-Awqaf". Ita ce ke da alhakin ɗaukar ma'aikatan Masallatai, guda uku a kowanne masallaci. Takan ɗauki liman (Imam), wanda shi ne shugaba. Sai Na'ibin Liman (Muƙim Sha'a'ir), wanda kan shugabanci yin sallah idan liman ba ya nan. Daga nan, sai Ladani (Muezzin), wanda kan yi kiran sallah. (Marcus, 2007:6). To, amma, saboda karamci irin na Misrawa, sai suka rinƙa ba wa Hausawa ɗalibai limancin Masallatansu, domin gamsuwa da suka yi da irin iliminsu da kyawawan halayensu. Kaɗan daga cikin limaman da bincike ya gano na cikin birnin Alƙahira, sun haɗa da Mal. Uwaisu Babba Rafin-Daɗi Katsina (Masjid el Nur: Saƙara el Кuraish, unguwar Ma'adi) da Mal. Isma'il Salisu Abdullahi Funtuwa ( Masjid Auwabin, Saƙara el Кuraish, unguwar Ma'adi) da Mal. Samu Adamu Bakori (Masjid Кudus, Saƙara el Кuraish, unguwar Ma'adi,) da Mal. Abdulƙadir Datti Kano (Masjid el Rahaman, unguwar Кaɗaɗamiyya) da Mal. Abdulrahim Mika'il Nijar (Masallacin Unguwar Darrasa) da Mal. Adamu Bauchi (Masallacin unguwar Darrasa) ([7]).

2.6 Yardar Wa Hausawa Yin Amfani Da Wuraren Taro Na Masar

A bisa tsari irin na Misirawa, idan wani biki ya samu, irin na suna ko aure ko maulidi ko sallah ko wani abin baƙin ciki, irin mutuwa ko wani jaje, sukan yi taron gudanar da wannan al'amari ƙofar gida (a kafa rumfunan "Siwan" ko "Hasira") ko a Masallaci ko "Darul Munasabat" (ɗakin taro) ko Otal (nadi) (Amin, 2006:109; Abdennour, 2007:72). To, amma, Misirawa kan nuna halin karamci su ba wa Hausawa irin waɗannan wurare domin gudanar da wasu bukukuwa nasu. Alal misali, Hausawa kan gudanar da bikin Maulidi da taron suna a "Darul Munasabat" da Masallatan Misirawa na unguwannin Кaɗɗamiyya da Saƙarul-Кuraish da "Madinatul Ba'uth" da makamantansu, domin gudanar da taron bikin Sallah ƙarama da babba. [8]

2.7 Yarda Da Kafa Кungiyar Ɗalibai 'Yan Arewa A Masar

 Misirawa sun lura da halayyar da aka san Hausawa da ita, ta wayo da wayewar kai da sanin ya-kamata da riƙo da gaskiya da amana da riƙo da al'adunsu na gargajiya kyawawa masu kama da na Musulunci (Maiyama, 2013:4; Isah, 2011:1). Wannan ya sa suka karrama Hausawa da sauran ɗalibai da suka fito daga arewacin Nijeria, ta hanayra ba su wurin mai rahusa, da suka kafa ƙungiyarsu ta 'yan arewa, a shekarar 1990. Hausawa sun yi haka, domin ba su so a haɗa halayyarsu da ta sauran wasu ƙabilun Nijeriya, masu nuna halayyar fetsara da rashin gaskiya da rashin ɗa'a da handama da babakere. "Ҟungiyar Ɗalibai 'Yan Arewa A Masar" tana da suna "Ɗanfodiyo". Tana da tsari sosai na shugabanci. Akan yi zaɓe a cikin tsarin damokaraɗiyya. A cewar (Usman, 2002:3), wasu daga cikin shuwagabanninta sun haɗa da Mal. Muhammed Ishaƙ daga Jihar Kaduna (1990-1992) da Mal. Sidi A. Sidi daga Jihar Sakkwato (1992-1994) da Mal. Mustafa Funtuwa daga Jihar Katsina (1994-1996) da Mal. Auwal Amba daga Jihar Bauchi (1996-1998) da Mal. Muhammad Hamid Hamdan daga Jihar Barno (2000-2002) da makamantansu. Wasu daga cikin manyan Nijeriya waɗanda suka san da zaman wannan ƙungiya ta "Ɗaliban Arewa A Masar" sun haɗa da Ambasada Alhaji Udu, wanda ya fara bayar da izinin kafa ƙungiyar a shekar 1990 da Sarkin Zazzau, Maigirma Alh (Dr) Shehu Idris da Maigirma (Marigayi) Sarkin Musulmi, Alhaji Muhammadu Macciɗo, wanda ya zama uban ƙungiyar a ranar 29 ga Afilu, 2005 da Sarkin Musulmi, Maigirma Alhaji Sa'ad Abubakar 111, wanda ya zama uban ƙungiyar a ranar 30 ga Maris, 2007. Amma duk da haka, wannan bai hana su shiga, a dama da su, a cikin babbar "Кungiyar Ɗaliban Nijeriya" ba[9]

2.8 Kafa Makaranta Ta 'Ya'yan Ɗalibai 'Yan Arewa A Masar

A ƙasar Masar, ilimi abu ne wanda ya zama tilas ga kowanne ɗa ko ɗiya tun daga haihuwarsa har zuwa shekaru tara (Zayan, 2007:93). Wannan ya zama wani dalilin da ya sa Misirawa suka yardar wa "Ҟungiyar Ɗaliban Arewa A Masar" suka kafa makaranta ta 'ya'yan Hausawa da sauran ƙabilun da ke areawacin Nijeriya mai suna: "Makarantar Ɗanfodiyo". Akwai ɗalibai maza da mata. An buɗe wannan makaranta a unguwar Jami'i ta Ҟaɗɗamiyya Masakin a cikin Sabuwar Alƙahira. A cikinta, ana koyar da darussan Hausa da Ingilishi da Lissafi da makamantansu da yawa.

Waɗannan al'amurra da aka zayyana a sama kaɗan ne daga cikin ire-iren halayen karamci da Misirawa ke nuna wa Hausawa. Wasu da ba a bayyana ba sun haɗa da ba Hausawa hayar motoci domin su yi hidimominsu da ba su wuraren kafa kasuwanci da ƙulla hulɗar cinikayya a bisa amana da yarda da ba su damar safarar kayayyaki daga Masar zuwa Nijeriya da makamantansu da yawa. Allah Ya shi wa Misarawa albaka, Ya kuma saka masu da alherinsa, amin.

3.0     Tasirin Karamcin Misirawa A Kan Hausawa Da Кasar Hausa

Muhammad (2011:37) ya ce: "dangantakar Hausawa da Larabawa ta kawo sauyi da ci gaba a tsarin zamantakewar Bahaushe ta yau". Wannan zance haka yake, domin cuɗanyar da Hausawa suka yi da Misirawa ta haddasar da tasiri mai yawa a kan al'ummar Hausawa da ƙasar Hausa. Hausawa na cewa "danƙo ba ya faɗuwa ƙasa banza, dole sai ya ɗauki ƙasa ko haki". Abin nufi shi ne, "zama da maɗaukin kanwa, lallai yana kawo farin kai.". Kaɗan daga cikin tasiran sun haɗa da waɗannan:

3.1 Yaɗuwar Al'adun Misirawa Zuwa Кasar Hausa

To, abin lura a nan shi ne, idan dai har aka sami cuɗanya tsakanin wata ƙabila da wata ko wata al'umma da wata, masana harshen Hausa, irin su Salim, 1986:2-3; Zarruk, 1986:12; Muhammad, 2009:126; Yakasai, 2011:24; Adamu, 2005:41) sun yi bayanin cewa, akan sami aro na harshe da adabi da al’ada a tsakanin al'umman da suka yi cuɗanya da juna. Irin wannan al'amarin ne ya auku a tsakanin Hausawa da Misirawa. Alal misali, a fannin addini da al'ada, yawancin ɗariƙun da Hausawa ke bi na Shehunnan Malamai daga Masar aka aro su. Misalansu sun haɗa da, "Кadiriyya", mabiya Sayyidi Abd-el-Kadir El-Geelanee da "Ahmedeeyeh" masu bin Sayyid Ahmed El-Bedawee (na garin Tanta) da kuma "Barahimeh", mabiyan Sayyidi Ibraheem El-Dasookee, duk tushensu ga Masar yake (Lane, 2003:241-242; Ado (2014:6).

Baya ga haka, al'adar gardancin Hausawa, ana hasashen daga Masar Hausawa suka aro ta (Bunza, 2002:18; Ado, 2009:98). Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa daga Masar al'adar gardancin wando ta tsallaka zuwa Barno. Daga Barno kuma ta haura zuwa ƙasar Hausa, har Hausawa suka rinƙa gudanar da ita a matsayin sana'a (Ado, 2009:202; Ado, 2014:2).

Bugu da ƙari, al'adar tashe da wasan tashen Hausawa, wanda Hausawa kan yi a watan azumin Ramalana, duk ana hasashen daga Masar Hausawa suka aro su, a sanadiyyar cuɗanya da juna (Ado, 2014:7).

Bayan nan, akwai wasu ire-iren cimaka na Misirawa da suka shigo ƙasar Hausa, kuma Hausawa na cin su,a nan ƙasar Hausa, kamar su "Ish" da "Shawarma" da "Kusheri" da makamantansu.

3.3 Кulla Yarjejeniyar Zumunci Da Jami'o'in Кasar Hausa

"Кulla Yarjejeniyar Zumunci" (M.O.U.) a tsakanin Jami'o'in Masar da na ƙasar Hausa na ɗaya daga cikin tasiri cuɗanya da Misirawa. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa, Jami'ar Usumanu Ɗanfodiyo da ke Sakkwato ta ƙullar yarjejeniyar zumunci da Jami'ar Ain Shams[10]. Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua ta Katsina ta ƙulla irin wannan yarjejeniya da Jami'ar Alƙahira da ta Ain Shams da ta Alexandria da ta Asyut da Kafr el-Sheikh. Wannan al'amari ya haddasar da musayar malamai da ɗalibai na Hausawa da Misirawa (UMYU, 2012:11; Bunza, 2013:v).

3.4 Bunƙasar Harshen Hausa Da Wasu Sababbin Kalmomi

Haka kuma, tasirin cuɗanya da Misirawa ya haddasar da bunƙasar harshen Hausa ta hanyar samuwar wasu kalmomi da lafuzza waɗanda ake alaƙanta wasu abubuwan amfani da sunan Masar ko Misira ko Misirawa (Ado, 2012:11). Misalan irin waɗannan kalmomi sun haɗa da "Ɓeran-Masar" da "Agwagwar-Masar" da "Gwandar-Masar" da "Tafasar-Masar" da "Kwano Ɗan Misira" da "Jakin Masar" da "Kucciyar Masar" da "Masara" da "Rubutu Ɗan Bugun Misira" da "Waken Masar" da "Yadi Ɗan Misira" da "Zare Ɗan Misira" da kirari na cewa: "Baƙi Takarkarin Fir'auna"(Jirgin Ҟasa) da Habaici na cewa: "Angulu da ba a san asalinki ba, da kin ce daga Masar kike" da makamantansu da yawa.

3.5 Samuwar Mawallafa Da Mafassara Littatafan Larabci

Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa an sami wasu Malamai, waɗanda ɗaliban Al-Azhar ne, suna wallafa da fassara littattafan Larabci zuwa harshen Hausa. Alal misali, Dr. Yahuza Sulaiman Imam na Jami'ar Ahmadu Bello Zaria ya fassara littafin Larabci zuwa Hausa wanda ke da taken "Maimartaba Sarki Faisal: Tarihin Rayuwarsa da Halayensa da Mubaya'arsa da Gyare-gyarensa da kuma Jawabansa" (Mohammad, 2010:4). Haka kuma, Malam Salihu Abubakar Кaura ya fassara wani littafin da ke da taken: "Kyakkyawar Hanyar Sanin Wajibin Muƙaddami Da Muridi (Katsina, 2012:6-7) da makamantansu.

3.6 Bunƙasa Кasar Hausa Da Ma'aikata A Fannoni Daban-Daban

Bugu da ƙari, an sami bunƙasar ma'aikata na fannoni daban-daban a ƙasar Hausa, kamar haka.

Da farko, a fannin koyarwa, an sami malamai da yawa waɗanda ke koyar da harshen Larabci da ilimin addinin Musulunci a cikin jami'o'in arewacin Nijeriya. Misalansu sun haɗa da Dr. Yahuza Sulaiman Imam (ABU, Zaria) da Dr. Ibrahim Muhammad Bello (UDU, Sokoto) da Mal. Uwaisu Babba Rafin Daɗi (UMYU, Katsina) da Mal. Umara Shitu Ɓaɓura (BUK, Kano) da makamantansu.

Haka kuma, a fannin shari'a, an sami bayanan ɗaliban da suka yi karatu a Masar waɗanda a yanzu suka zama alƙalai. Misalansu sun haɗa da (marigayi) Malam Isa Waziria na Kano da Mal. Barhama (Kotun Azare) da Mal. Mutawakkil Mustapha (Kotun Musulunci, Malumfashi) da Mustapha Abdullahi Funtua na Kotun Funtua.

Kazalika, karamcin Misirawa ya haddasar da samar wa ƙasar Hausa limamai masu yin limanci a masallatai manya da ƙanana a ƙasar Hausa. Misalansu sun haɗa da Marigayi Isa Waziri (limamin Masallacin Murtala, a Kano) da Malam Uwaisu Babba Rafin Daɗi (limamin Masallacin Juma'a na jami'ar Umaru Musa, a Katsina) da Malam Mutawakkil Mustafa (Limamin masallacin Juma'a na garin Malumfashi) da Mal. Khamis Sa'id, Limamin Masallacin Juma'a a Kaduna da makamantansu da yawa.[11]

4.0 Shawarwari

Masana da manazarta Harshen Hausa da Hausawa suna ta yin nazarce-nazarce domin gano dangantakar Hausawa da ƙasashen Larabawa, kamar Habasha da Masar da Libiya da Bagadaza da Sudan da makamantansu (Magaji, 1985; Philips, 1985; Jinju, 1990:23; Adamu, 2011:18). Akasarin binciken da aka gudanar sun tsufa. Abin nufi shi ne, ba a sabunta yin nazarin Hausawa da dangantakarsu da Masar a yau ba. Saboda haka, in shawartar ɗalibai Hausawa da su rinƙa yin rubuce-rubuce na irin cuɗanyar da suke yi da mutanen ƙasashen da suka je karatu. Akwai Hausawa ɗalibai barkatai a ƙasashen Larabawa da Asiya da makamantansu, amma ba ka gani ko jin irin yadda Hausawa suka zauna a irin waɗannan ƙasashe na ci gaba ko rashinsa.

Hakazalika, ina shawartar gwamnatocin ƙasar Hausa da sauran hukumomi da cibiyoyin bincike da jami'o'in ƙasar Hausa da su rinƙa tura mutane bincike zuwa ƙasashen Larabawa, domin gano dangantakar Hausawa da ƙasashen Larabawa a yau. Alal misali, zuri'ar Nubiyawa na buƙatar a yi nazari sosai a kan ta da dangantakarta da Hausawa. Lokaci na ta yin nisa, wanda zamanaci na ƙara shiga yana kawo gushewar wasu al'adu da ɗabi'u masu dangantaka da Hausawa. Kenan, ya zama wajibi a hanzarta kafin hasashe-hasashen da ake yi na salin Hausawa daga Nubiya ya zama maras tushe da makama.

Daga ƙarshe, ina shawartar hukumomin ƙasar Hausa da ƙungiyoyi da masu hannu da shuni da su kai agaji ga Hausawa ɗalibai da ke a Masar. Akwai wasu sun kammala karatu, kuma suna da iyali, amma ba su da halin dawowa gida. A taimaka masu su dawo, a kuma ba su aikin yi. Kazalika, a agaza wa makarantar "Ɗanfodiyo" ta 'ya'yan Hausawa da sauran 'yan Arewacin Nijeriya, da kuɗaɗen biyan hayar makaranta da da biyan malamai da littatafai da makamantansu

4.0     Naɗewa

A cikin wannan takarda an kawo bayanai na ire-iren karamcin da Misirawa ke yi wa Hausawa ɗalibai da kuma tasirinsa ga ƙasar Hausa. Wasu daga cikin halayyar kirkin sun haɗa da bayar da ilimi kyauta da bayar da wurin kwana kyauta ko haya cikin rahusa da kula da lafiyarsu kyauta da ɗaukar ɗalibai aiki da ba su limanci da ƙyale su su yi amfani da wuraren taro da kafa makaranta da ƙungiya da makamantansu. Kazalika, an kawo tasirin da wannan karamci ya haddasar a kan Hausawa da ƙasar Hausa irin su yaɗuwar al'adun Misirawa zuwa ƙasar Hausa da ƙulla yarjejeniyar zumunci ta musayar ɗalibai da malamai da bunƙasar harshen Hausa ta hanyar samun sababbin kalmomi masu dangantaka da sunayen Masar ko Misira ko Misiraw da samuwar mawallafa da mafassar littattafan Laranci da bunƙasa ƙasar Hausa da ma'aikata na fannoni da yawa da makamantansu.

Manazarta

Abdennour, S. (2007). Egyptian Customs and Festivals. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, Egypt.

Adamu, M. U. (2011). Sabon Tarihin Asalin Hausawa. Espee Printing and Advertising, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Adamu, A. U. (2005). "Hausa Da Hausanci A Qarni Na 21: Qalubale Da Madosa." Qasidar Da Aka Gabatar A Taron Wuni Guda Kan Wayar Da Kan Jama'a Game Da Harkar Fim. Cibiyar Nazarin Al'adun Hausawa, Kano.

Ado, A. (2009). "Gardancin Hausawa Jiya Da Yau", A Dissertation Submitted to the Postgraduate School In Partial Fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Arts (Hausa Studies), Department of Nigerian Languages, Usmanu Ɗanfodiyo University, Sokoto.

Ado, A. (2012). Sunayen Hausawan Nijeriya Da Na Misirawan Masar Na Gargajiya A Cikin Tsarin Abajadin Hausa. Dar El-Hekma for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, Cairo, Egypt.

Ado, A. (2014). "Acculturation of Egyptians' Culture and Its Effects on Hausa People and Their Language: A Case Study of the Relationship between Hausas and Egyptians". A paper presented to the Dean of Faculty of Language and Translation, through the Head of Department of African Languages, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, for Publication in the Scholarly International Refereed Journal of Faculty of Language and Translation.

Ado, A. (2014). "Nazarin Hausawa A Ƙasar Masar A Yau". Takardar da aka gabatar ga Sashen Harsunan Nijeria, Jami'ar Bayero, Kano a matsayin gudummuwa ta girmamawa Farfesa Abdulƙadir Ɗangambo, a bisa ayyukan alheri da ya yi wa Hausa da Hausawa.

Ado, A. (2014). "Wasannin Gardancin Wando Na Misirawa". Takardar da aka gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani wanda Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya na Jami'ar Umaru Musa, Katsina kan shirya a duk zangon karatu na kowacce shekara, Yuni, 2014.

Ado, A. (2014). "Wasan Gardancin Wando Na Misirawa", Taguwa: The Journal of Humanities. Vol.4 No.1, August, 2014. A Publication of the Faculty of Humanities, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina.

Adrian-Vallance, D. (2006). The Spiders. Egyptian International Publishing Company-Longman. Hussein Wassef Street, Messaha Square, Dokki, Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt.

Alhassan, H. et al (1982). Zaman Hausawa. Islamic Publication Bureau, Kaduna, Nigeria.

Amfani, H. A. (2012). Champion Of Hausa Cikin Hausa: A Festscherift in Honour of Ɗalhatu Muhammad. Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria-Nigeria.

Amin, G. (2006). Whatever Happens to the Egyptians? Changes in Egyptian Society from 1950 to the Present. The American University in Cairo Press, Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt.

Brosnahan, T. (1993). Egypt: Berlitz Travel Guide. World's Leading Series of Pocket Travel Guides. Berlitz Publishing Co. Ltd, London Road, England.

Bunza, A.M. (2002). Rubutun Hausa (Yadda Yake Da Yadda Ake Yin Sa) Don Masu Koyo Da Koyarwa. Ibrash Islamic Publication Centre LTD, Lagos, Nigeria.

Bunza, A.M. (2013). Ruwan Bagaja in Perspectives: Eight Decades of a Hausa Masterpiece in Prose (1933-2013). Humanities In The Sub-Saharan World. UNICAIRO/UMYUK Special Research in Humanities. Institute of African Research and Studies, Department of African Languages In Collaboration with Department of Nigerian Languages, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria.

Cooper, K. S. (1990). "The Beginning of Civilization in Egypt", The Eastern Hemisphere: Yesterday and Today. Silver Burdett and Ginn, United States of America.

Ɗanhausa, A. M. (2012). Hausa Mai Dubun Hikima. Century Research and Publishing Company, Abuja, Nigeria.

Franquet, S. Et al (2000). Essential Egypt: Travel With Someone You Trust. Automobile Association Developments Ltd, Passport Books, Contemporary Publishing Group, Inc., U.S.A.

Gadalla, M. (1998). Egypt: A Practical Guide. Tehuti Research Foundation, Greensboro, U.S.A.

Gusau, S.M. (2008). Dabarun Nazarin Adabin Hausa. Benchmark Publishers Limited, Kano-Nigeria.

Isah, Z. (2011). "Gaskiya A Adabin Bahaushe: Nazari A Karin Magana". Takardar da aka gabatar a taron ƙara wa juna sani, Sashen Koyar da Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Umaru Musa 'Yar'adua, Katsina, a ranar 14 ga watan Afrilu, 2011.

Jinju, M.H. (1990). Garkuwar Hausawa da Tafarkin Ci Gaba: Kalmomin Kimiyya Da Ilimin Fasaha Na Hausa. Kamfanin Fisbas Media Services Publications, Kaduna-Nijeriya.

Katsina, M. J. (2012). Kyakkyawar Hanyar Sanin Wajibin Muƙaddam Da Muridi: Sheikh Sharif Ibrahim Saleh al-Hussaini (CON), Shugaban Kwamitin Bayar da Fatawa Ƙarƙashin Majalisar Ƙoli ta Addinin Musulunci A Tarayyar Nijeriya. Dar al-Ittahad Li al-Tiba'ah, Ung., Dar-al-Salam, Cairo, A.R.E.

Lane, E. W. (2003). An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, Egypt.

Magaji, A. (1985). "Gudummuwa A Kan Ƙoƙarin Da Ake Yi Na Samar Da Cikakken Tarihin Hausawa Da Harshensu". Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero, Kano-Nijeriya.

Maifata, R. T (2014). Awa Ashirin Da Huɗu A Gidan Dabo Tare Da Sarkin Kano Alh. Ado Bayero. Expert Printer and Gen. Enterprises, Kano-Nigeria.

Maiyama, U. H. (2013). "Zamantakewar Hausawa A Yau: Ci Gaba Ko Ci Baya?". Takarda da aka gabatar taron ƙasa da ƙasa na haɗin guiwa tsakanin Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya na UMYU da Hukumar Fasaha da Al'adu ta Katsina, daga 25-26 ga watan Yuni, 2013.

Mansfield, P. (1978). The Arabs. Penguin Books, Cox and Wyman Ltd, London, Great Britain.

Marcus, S. L. (2007). Music in Egypt: Experiencing Music, Expressing Culture. Oxford University Press, New York.

McGrath, N. (1984). Frommer's Dollarwise Guide To Egypt. 1984-85 Editions. Frommer/Pasmantier Publishers, A Division of Simon and Schuster, Inc, United States of America.

Ministry of Culture, Egypt (1982). A Selection of Egyptian Short Stories. Prism Literary Series 1. Ministry of Culture, Foreign Cultural Relations, Egypt. Foreign Cultural Information Dept. (FPI), Prism Publications Offices, Giza, Egypt.

Mohammad, A.A. (2010). Maimartaba Sarki Faisal: Tarihin Rayuwarsa da Halayensa da Gyare-Gyarensa da kuma Jawabansa. Cibiyar Nijeriya Ta Nazari da Binciken Larabci, Iwo, Kudancin Nijeriya.

Muhammad, Y.M. (2011). Hausa A Yau: Taswirar Ƙasar Hausa da Maƙwabtanta. Ahmadu Bello University Press Ltd, Samaru-Zariya, Nijeriya.

Muhammad, D. (2011). "Hausa A Duniyar Yau: Tasirin Shirin Game-Duniya Kan Harshen Hausa", Studies in Hausa Language, Literature and Culture. The Sixth Hausa International Conference. Centre for the Study of Nigerian Languages, Bayero University, Kano. Ahmadu Bello University Press Limited, Zaria.

Muhammad, B. (2009). "Tufafin Hausawa Na Gargajiya Da Zamani", Himma Journal Of Contemporary Hausa Studies. Vol.1 Number 1, June, 2009. Sashen Harsunan Nijeria, Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina.

Mukhtar, I. (2010). Jagoran Nazarin Ƙagaggun Labarai. Kamfanin Iya Ruwa Publishers, Kano, Nijeriya.

Philips, J. E. (1986). "History of Hausa Language." A Paper Presentation At The Second Conference On The History Of Kano. Department Of History, Bayero University, Kano.

Rimmer, E.M. da Wasu (2002). Zaman Mutum Da Sana'arsa. Northern Nigeria Publishing Company LTD, Zaria-Nigeria.

Salim, B. A. (1986). "Tasirin Al'ada Kan Harshe." Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami'ar Bayero Ta Kano.

Sani, A. (2009). "An Appraisal Of The Impact Of Waqf To The Development Of Muslim Umma", Damarna International Journal Of Islamic Culture And Heritage. A Journal of Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina. Vol.1 No.1 July, 2009. Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria.

Taher, S. (1977). Background to Egypt: Five Thousand Years of Civilization. The Press and Information Office, The Embassy of The Arab Republic of Egypt, London.

UMYU (2012). "UMYU Signs M.O.U. With Egyptian Universities." Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina News Bulletin. Vol.3 No.6. Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina-Nigeria.

Usman, B. (2013). Folklore and History: The Twin Rivers of World Heritage. Klamidas Communications Ltd, Abuja-Nigeria.

Usman, D. B. (2013). "Abin Da Ya Sa Na Duƙufa Wajen Bunƙasa Harshen Hausa", Muryar Arewa. Fitowa Ta 24. Northern Communication And Media Services Ltd, Abuja-Nigeria.

Usman, I. (2012). "A Brief History of the General Association of Northern Nigerian Students, Egypt", Mujallar Ɗanfodio. Second Edition, September 2013. El Shams Designs and Publications, Hayyil Ashir, Cairo, Egypt.

Yahaya, I. Y. (1988). Hausa A Rubuce: Tarihin Rubuce-Rubuce Cikin Hausa. Kamfanin Buga Littattafai Na Nijeriya Ta Arewa, Zariya.

Yakasai, M. I. (2011). Hausa A Yau. Sa'adah Graphic and Publishers Limited, Kano.

Yakasai, S. A. (2011). Jagoran Ilimin Walwalar Harshe. Kamfanin IBM Printers, Kaduna-Nijeriya.

Zarruƙ, R. da Wasu (1986). Sabuwar Hanyar Nazarin Hausa Don Ƙananan Makarantun Sakandare. Littafi na Ɗaya. University Press Limited, Ibadan-Nigeria.

Zayan, J. (2007). Egypt: The Cultural Smart Guide to Customs and Etiquette. The American University in Cairo Press, Cairo, Egypt.

 

---

[1] Malam Uwaisu Babba Rafin-Daɗi ɗalibi ne na Jami'ar Al-Azhar, amman yanzu Malami ne a Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina, Nijeriya. An yi wannan hira da shi a ranar 16/07/2014 a ofishinsa da ke Sashen Nazarin Addinin Musulunci, Tsangayar Fasaha, Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua, Katsina.

[2] An sami wannan bayanai daga Malam Abubakar Barau Ɗanbatta, ɗan wajen shekaru 30, wanda ke yin karatun Shari'a, a "Kulliyatul Shari'a Wal Ҟanuun" a Jami'ar Al-Azhar. An yi wannan hira da shi a gidan da yake yin haya, mai lamba 44, Sharkatul Arabiyya, a unguwar Ҟaɗɗamiyya Masakin, Sabuwar Alƙahira, Masar.

[3] Wannan lissafi ya danganta da darajar Naira a kan Fam na Masar. A yi wannan lissafi bisa yadda ake sayar da Fam na Masar a kan Naira talatin.

[4] An yi wannan hira a cikin Yanar Gizo a Zauren Sada Zumunci (Face-Book), a ranar 03/07/2014. Mal Shehi ɗalibin Jami'ar Al Azhar ne wanda ke zaune kyauta, tare da wasu, a cikin gidan da wani Bamisire, attajiri, ya ba su su zauna, a unguwar Nasr, Ҟaɗaɗamiyya Masakin, Sabuwar Alƙahira, Masar.

[5] Malama Zakiyya Abdulrahaman mat ace ga Malam Abdulrahaman Ado. Ta je hutu wajen mijinta da ke jami'ar Alƙahira, a watan Oktoba na shekarar 2013. Da zuwansu, bayan kwana uku sai ciwon Maleriya ya taso wa ɗanta. An fara duba ɗan a asibitin "Mustashfa Ҟahira Jadida". Daga nan sai asibitin "Mustashfa Damardash" na Abasiyya. To, amman a "Mustashfah Hummiyyata" ta Abasiyya aka kwantar da su. Kuma duk a waɗannan asibitocin an kula da su a kyauta.

[6] An sami wannan bayanai daga Farfesa Sabry Ibrahim Salama, ɗan wajen shekara 53. Shi dai Farfesa Sabry, Farfesan Hausa ne, wanda ke a Jami'ar Aƙahira, amma yake koyarwa yanzu a Jami'ar Umaru Musa 'Yar'aduwa, Katsina. An yi wannan hira da shi a ofishinsa na Jami'ar a ranar 23/07/2014

[7] An sami wannan bayanai daga Malam Uwaisu Babba Rafin-Daɗi, Katsina a ranar 16/07/2014. Shi dai Malam Uwaisu ɗalibi ne na Ai-Azhar, amma yanzu yana aiki a sashen koyar da harshen Larabci a Jami'ar Umaru Musa, Katsina.

[8] Ni mai bincike (Abdulrahaman Ado), na halarci taron Maulidi na shekarar 2014 a Masallacin Masjidul Nur na unguwar Ijeko, Ҟaɗɗamiyya, Sabuwar Alƙahira da Suna a Darul Munasabat na unguwar Saƙarul Ҟuraish, Ma'adi.

[9] An sami wannan bayanai daga Mal. Khamisu a ranar 8 ga watan Agusta, 2014. Ya aiko da bayanan ta cikin shafin Zumunta na Yanar Gizo. Mal. Khamisu yana cikin Kamitin Binciken Ҟungiyar Ɗanfodiyo a shekarar 2013, wadda Mal. Abdulraman Ado ya shugabanta.

[10] An sami wannan bayani daga Malam Adam Kamaludden Na-Ma'aji, Kano. Shi dai Malami ne na harshen Hausa a Jami'ar Ain Shams, kuma ɗalibi ne a Jami'ar Duwal Arabiyya, Alƙahira, Masar. Yanzu haka yana da hoton rubutacciyar takardar da aka yi wannan yarjejeniya a hannunsa. Yana zaune a unguwar Ijeko, Ҟattamiyya, Sabuwar Alƙahira, Masar.

[11] An sami wannan bayani daga Ma. Mutawakkil Muatafa Malumfashi, alƙalin kotun Musulunci da ke a garin Malumfashi. An yi wannan hirar a ranar 5/10/2014, a bakin kasuwar Malumfashi.