Citation: Mahmud Balla HONG (2025). Jirwayen Wasu Al’adun Sarautun Hausawa a Cikin Sarautun Ƙabilar Kilba a Ƙasar Hong. Yobe Journal of Language, Literature and Culture (YOJOLLAC), Vol. 13, Number 1. Department of African Languages and Linguistics, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria. ISSN 2449-0660
JIRWAYEN WASU AL’ADUN SARAUTUN HAUSAWA A CIKIN
SARAUTUN ƘABILAR KILBA A ƘASAR HONG
NA
MAHMUD BALLA HONG
Tsakure
Zamantakewa
tsakanin al’ummomi biyu ko fiye yana haifar da cuɗanyar al’adu. Dangantaka tsakanin
Hausawa da ƙabilar Kilba a ƙasar Hong, tana da daɗaɗɗiyar tarihi, dagane da
haka an samu nason al’adu a tsakanin hasunan biyu. Babban manufar wannan muƙala ita ce gano yadda
zamantakewa ta haifar da jirwayen al’adun sarautun Hausawa cikin sarautan
Kilba. Domin cimma wannan an yi bincike mai zurfi tare da yin hira da masu ruwa
da tsaki kan sha’anin sarautun Hausawa da na al’ummar Kilba. Kazalika, muƙalar ta yi madogara da
ra’i na zamantakewar al’umma ko cuɗanya, wanda John (1974)
ya assasa, wajan bayyana jirwayer al’adun tsakanin harsunan biyu. Masana da
suka haɗa da: Phinney,
(1990), Bourhis da Moise da Perrault da kuma senecal, (1997), suka bunƙasa shi. Daga ƙarshe mun kawo al’adun
Kilba a gargajiyance, wato kafin su yi cuɗanya da Hausawa da kuma
sauye-sauyen da sarautun Kilba suka wayi gari a ciki a yau. Muƙalar ta gano cewa al’adun
sarautun Hausawa sun nashe wasu al’dun Kilba irin su sarauta da sutura wato
alkebba da rawani da zaman fada da sauransu.
1.0 Gabatarwa
Al’ummar Hausawa
dai mutane ne da suka bazu a ko’ina a faɗin ƙasar nan da ma wajenta
wajen neman ilimin addinin Musulunci, ko tafiye-tafiye zuwa aikin Hajji wato
sauke farali da fatauci da noma da sana’a da makamantansu. Dangane da haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne idan aka
samu Hausawa a kowane lungu da sako na ƙasar nan, musamman ƙasar Kilba. Ana hasashen cewa, Hausawa sun fara zuwa ƙasar Kilba ne a ƙarni na 18, a kan
hanyarsu ta zuwa ƙasar Saudiyya don su sauke farali, wato aikin
Hajji. Waɗannan ayari na Hausawa masu tafiya Makka domin
su cika ɗaya daga cikin shika-shikan Musulunci da farko
sai suka yada zango a garin Pella, wani gari da ke ƙasar Kilba, kuma ita ce babban gari a ƙasar Kilba a wancan lokaci. Daga baya ne aka kaurar da helkwata
zuwa Hong. Daga Hong zuwa Pella kilomita takwas ne. Kuma, al’ummar Hausawa
al’adunsu masu ƙarfi ne, domin duk inda Bahaushe yake
zaune ɗamfare yake da al’adunsa. Shi ya sa duk garin da
ba na Hausawa ba sai an samu unguwar Hausawa a cikin garin. Kamar yadda aka
kawo a baya, tun da al’adun Hausawa suna da ƙarfi. Yau da gobe, an
wayi gari yanzu al’adun Hausawa suna son su nashe al’adun da suka isko a wannan
wuri. Shi ya sa aka shirya wannan takarda kan Jirwayen wasu Sarautun
Hausawa a cikin Sarautun Kilba na gargajiya. Domin a yada fitila
kan yadda wasu al’adu na sarautun Hausawa suka laƙume na ƙabilar Kilba.
2.1 Fashin Baƙin Kalmomin Take
Taken wannan muƙala yana ɗauke da wasu kalmomi da
suke bukatar a yi bayaninsu. Kalmomin sun haɗa da jirwaye da al’adu da Sarauta da kuma ƙabilar Kilba. Ga bayaninsu kamar haka:
2.1.1
Jirwaye
Jirwaye shi ne
dabbare-dabbare da ruwan da ya zubo ko ya ɗigo kan yi wa jikin
mutum. CNHN, (2006, sh 219).
Ko kuma a samu tarsashin wani abu kan wani abu.
Wato a samu wani ɗigo na farin a kan baɗi. da sauransu.
2.1.2 Al’ada
Mu’azu da wasu (2013) cewa
suka yi, “Al’ada tamkar wani burgami ne na rayuwaral’umma da ke fayyace jinsuna
mabanbanta da al’umma da kuma nahiya.
Abubakar, (2012) ya bayyana
al’ada da cewa, “Ita ce gaba ɗayan hanyar rayuwar kowace al’umma, haka kuma
waɗannan al’adu sukan
iya ƙaruwa ko raguwa ko kuma
canzuwa a dalilin cuɗanya da baƙin al’ummu daban-daban.”
Yakasai, (2012, sh 33), ya
yi bayanin kalmar al’ada da cewa ta ƙunshi dukkan abubuwan da
al’umma ke aikatawa domin tafiyar da rayiwar mutanen da ke cikinta. Waɗannan abubuwa kuwa sun hada
da ilimi da fasaha da kimiyyar ƙere-ƙere da tarbiyya da kuma
dokoki na hani da horo da makamantansu.
Bunza, (2006, sh ɗɗɗiii) a nasa ra’ayi ya ce
al’ada tana nufin dukkannin rayuwar ɗanadam tun daga haihuwarsa
har zuwa kabarinsa. Ya ci gaba da cewa, a ko’ina mutum ya samu kansa, duk
wata ɗabi’a da ya tashi da ita
tun farkon rayuwarsa ya tarar a wurin da ya rayu, ko yake rayuwa, ita ce
al’adar da za a yi masa hukunci a kai.” Babu wata al’umma da za ta rayu a doron ƙasa face tana da al’adun da take bi, kuma da al’adun ne ake iya
rarrabe ta da wata da ba ita ba.
Abdulƙadir, (2004), yana
ganin, “Al’ada ta ƙunshi ilahirin abubuwan da Jama’a suka yarda
da su kuma suke amfani da su wajen harkokinsu na yau da gobe. Ko kuma a
ce, “al’ada karɓaɓɓiyar hanyar rayuwa ce wadda akasarin Jama’a
na cikin al’umma ke amfani da ita.
Adamu, (1997, sh 85),
Wannan kalma al’ada asalinta Larabci ce, amma dai abin da take nufi a dunƙule shi ne hanyar rayuwar
al’umma, ko abinda suka ginu a kai, ko abubuwan da suka saba aikatawa yau da
kullum. Kuma kowace al’umma ko
jinsi na duniya tana da irin tata al’adar da ake iya saurin gane ta da ita,
kuma a iya saurin fahimtar ta.
Ibrahim, (1982), al’adu abubuwa ne da mutum ya
saba yi a cikin rayuwarsa ta duniya wadda kuma ta shafi yanayin rayuwar al’umma
da harakokin da suke aiwatarwa don zaman duniya.
Umar (1981) ya ce, “Al’ada ta ƙunshi dukkan abubuwan da suka shafi zaman
al’umma.
2.1.3
Sarauta
Masana da manazarta sun bayar da gudumawa wajen
bayar da ma’anar Sarauta. Idan aka yi wa abin dubin tsanaki, za a tarar
kowannensu ya yi bayani ne gwargwadon fahimtarsa.
Bunza, (2009, sh 66) ya yi bayani game da Sarauta da faɗuwar da dambarwar neman Sarauta, da yadda ake neman sarauta da
kuma waɗanda basu cancanci neman sarauta ba, ya
kara da abin da ya shafi zaɓen da naɗin sarauta da sauransu.
Sa’ad, (2020), ya yi ƙokarin bayyana sarauta da
cewa mulki ko shugabanci ko jagoranci, bisa wani tsarii da mutane suka amince
wa. Tsarin shugabanci ya samo asali ne bisa dalilin tsaro da kyautata
zamantakewar jama’a. Ya kara da cewa wani tsari ne na shugabanci wanda akan zaɓi ko naɗa wani mutum daga cikin
al’umma don ya jagorcesu.
2.1.4 Ƙabilar Kilba
Ƙabilar Kilba mutane ne da suke zaune a jihar Adamawa a ƙaramar hukumar mulki ta Hong da Gombi da Mubi. Haka kuma, ana
samun wasu ‘yan ƙalilan a jihar Barno a ƙaramar hukumar mulki ta Uba-Askira. Masana sun bayyana ra’ayoyi
daban-daban a kan tarihin Kilba.
Mu’azu a hirasa da rediyon BBC a kan
tarihin ƙabilar Kilba a ranar 16/05/2010, ga kaɗan daga cikinsu; inda masana da ake kira ‘Kambu’ suke da ra’i
cewa, “Kilba suna zaune ne a ƙasar Yamen ta Arewa
(Arewacin Yamen), daga baya sai suka gangaro zuwa Saudi Arebiya suka zauna a
Madina. Sannan, suka tafi ƙasar Masar suka zauna, daga baya kuma sai suka
tafi ƙasar Sudan. Daga Sudan, sai suka tafi ƙasar Chadi (Chad Republic) inda suka zauna na ɗan wani lokaci, sai kuma suka wuce zuwa Kanem Barno, inda suka
zauna a Ngazargamu. Haƙiƙa, ƙabilar Kilba sun yi cuɗanya da ƙabilu da dama, kamar Babur (Bura) da Margi da Kanuri da dai
sauransu. Daga nan sai aka samu ‘yan matsaloli a tsakaninsu sai suka yi
hijira a inda wasu suka wuce zuwa Dutsen Sukur (Sukar kingdom), wasu kuwa suka
yi Biu wato Babur (Bura) ke nan. Su kuma Kilba suka tafi zuwa Mandara,
wasu ƙabilun suka wuce zuwa Kamaru. A lokacin da Kilba
suka zo Mandara, sun zo ne a ƙarƙashin shugabaninsu guda biyu, wato Dunama da Gaya. A dalilin
zuwansu Mandara ne, shi Gaya ya auri sarauniyar Mandara sai ta haifa masa
‘ya’ya guda bakwai, daga cikinsu akwai Yamtarwala da Fukuɓur, sai aka samu rashin jituwa a tsakaninsu sai Yamtarwala ya
kwashi mutanen da suka yi mishi mubaya’a suka tafi garin Biu da ke Jihar Barno.
Sai shi kuma Fukuɓur ya kama hanyar Hong, inda ake kira ƙasar Kilba a yau. Ya je ya kafa garin Dampu da Miski, yanada ɗa mai suna Thakur-na-kum wadda kuma shi ne Sarkin Kilba na farko,
a garin Pella Muthul. Mu’azu ya kara da cewa, sai kuma masu ra’ayi na
biyu waɗanda ake ƙira ‘Ɓata’ a nasu ra’ayin,
Kilba sun taso ko sun fito ne daga Gobir. Tun fil azal, iyayensu da kakanninsu
suna zaune ne a ƙasar Gobir don sun yi shekaru aru-aru a can ƙasar Gobir, amma da
Musulunci ya zo, sai suka ga ba za su iya zama a ƙasar Gobir ba, sai suka
kama hanya suka zo ƙasar Chadi (Chad Republic). Daga nan ƙasar Chadi, sai suka zo
wajen Binuwe-Bali, a inda suka yar da zango a wurare kamar Gurai da Kambu da
Song. Daga bisani, sai suka shiga ƙasar Kilba ta yanzu.
2.1.5 Ƙasar Kilba
Ƙasar Kilba tana shimfiɗe ne a Arwa maso gabashin Nijeriya, a cikin jahar Adamawa, kuma
tana Gabas da ƙasar Fumbina. Haka ma ƙasar tana da manyan duwatsu da tsawun ya zarce, kafa dubu uku
da ƙari tara da hamsin. Kazalika, ƙasar tana da koguna da itatuwa matsakaita.
Pongri, (2015), ya
bayyana cewa, ƙasar Kilba ƙasa ce da ke shimfiɗe a tsakanin Kogin Hawul da ƙulayi. Rassan Kogin
Gongola da Benue. Wurin ne karamar hukumar mulki ta Hong. ƙasar Kilba tana cikin rusasshiyar jihar Gongola, kuma tana gabas
da Yola. ƙasar Kilba tana da itatuwa da ruwan sama
matsakaici, kuma yanayi iri biyu wato rani da damuna. Ya kara da cewa lokacin
damuna da rani kusan daidai suke, domin damuna tana farawa ne daga watan
Afrairu (April) zuwa Oktoba (October). Kulayi ita ce kogi mafi girma a
yankin ƙasar Kilba. Ƙasar tana da manyan duwatsu da basu gaza ƙafa 4000.ƙasar Kilba a farko, suna zaune ne a duwatsu da
suke kewaye da Pella da Hong da Kulinyi da Mukwahwi da Garaha da Za da Kopri da
Kiging da Ziɓi da Banshika da kuma Hyema. Kowane dutse yana
da Sarkinsu da ake Kira ‘Tǝl Karma’ (Sarkin Dutse). Kuma shi ne jagora
na duk abubuwa da mutanensa ke aiwatarwa, kamar Bauta da Siyasa da sauransu.
Haka ƙabilar Kilba ke gudanar da rayuwarsu su, kowane
dutse suna cin gashin kansu, sai lokacin da Fur-Kudil a ƙarni na 17 (17 century) ya dunƙule ƙasar wuri ɗaya kuma shi ne Sarkin Kilba na farko.
Қasar Kilba ɗaya ce daga manyan yankunan da ke Adamawa ta
tsakiya wadda ta ƙunshi ƙabila da aka fi sani da
suna Kilba. ƙabilar Kilba suna zaune ne a Қaramar Hukumar mulkin Hong a tsakanin ƙananan Hukumomin Mubi ta Arewa da Mubi ta Kudu da Song da Maiha da
Gombi da kuma Michika. Al’ummar Kilba suna zaune ne a wurare masu tsaunuka waɗanda suka kai kimanin kilomita 2,422. Ƙasar Kilba ta yi iyaka da ƙabilun Nzanyi da Guɗe daga Gabas. Da kuma
Batta daga kudu. Haka ma Bura da Marghi da Chibok daga Arewa. Kazalika, Hona da
Gudu da Yungur daga Yamma (Yanta, 2009).
2.1.6 Ra’in Bincike
Wannan bincike an ɗora shi a kan ra’in zamantakewar al’umma da cuɗanya, ra’in ya dace da bincike da aka yi, a kan zamantakewa da hulɗa tsakanin al’umma biyu (al’ummar Hausawa da ta Kilba). Hujja da
ta sa aka zaɓi ra’in cuɗanyar al’adu shi ne,
zamantakewa a tsakanin ƙabilu ko al’umma
mabambanta al’adu kan haifar da cuɗanya. Wannan cuɗanyar a tsakanin ƙabilun ita ce ke haifar
da tasirin al’adun a kan wani, kamar yadda al’adun Hausawa suka yi tasiri kan
wasu al’adun ƙabilar Kilba a ƙasar Hong. Idan aka yi la’akari da cewa, al’adun baƙi ne suka yi tasiria kan na ‘yan gida, wannan binciken da aka
yi masa taken jirwayen al’adun sarautun Hausawa cikin sarautun ƙabilar Kilba a ƙasar Hong. an ɗora shi kan ra’in John Berry wanda masana cuɗanyar al’adu suka kira shi bidimentional theory of acculturation
(John, 1974 da 1980).
1.1
Jirwayen
Al’adun Sarautun Hausawa Cikin Sarautar ƙabilar Kilba
3.1.1. Sutura
Ƙabilar Kilba a can baya sarakunansu sun yi
amfani da tufafin da suka shafi fatun dabbobi irin su damisa suna rufe jikinsu.
Daga baya, sarakuna suka yi amfani da rigar saƙi fara da wando
tsawonsa ƙasa da guiwa kaɗan da baƙar hular saki.[1]
Lokacin da ƙabilar Kilba suka fara
cuɗanya da al’ummar Hausawa sai yanayin tufafin
sarakunan Kilba suka sauya, zuwa irin na Hausawa kamar babbar riga da ‘yar ciki
da wando da hular ƙube da rawani mai kahunni biyu har da
amamwali. ƙabilar Kilba Kazalika dalilin zamantakewa da cuɗanya mai karfi da al’ummar Kilba suka yi da Hausawa, hatta rawani
da tufafin da Sarakunan Kilba suke sawa a yau, sun zama iri ɗaya da na Hausawa, wato ba su da bambanci.[2]
3.1.2 Tsarin Sarautun Kilba
A da, kafin ƙabilar Kilba su haɗu da Hausawa tsarin sarautunsu sun haɗa da: sarki da shall, su ne ke shugabantar mutane a ƙasar Kilba.[3]
Haɗuwar ƙabilar Kilba da Hausawa, sai yanayin tsarin sarautar nasa ya
sauya, zuwa tsarin sarauta irin na Hausawa. A yanzu ƙasar Kilba suna da tsarin sarauta da suka haɗa da: sarki da hakimi da dagaci da mai’unguwa da sauransu.[4]
3.1.3 Harshen Sarautar Kilba
Kafin cuɗanya mai ƙarfi ya wanzu tsakanin ƙabilar Kilba da Hausawa
a masarautar Kilba, dukkan mu’amalolin da ake yi da harshen Kilba ake yin su.
Kamar kirari da ake yi wa sarki da duk wani abinda ya shafi sadarwa ko shawara
da sauransu.[5]
A yau harshen Hausa ya yi tasiri kan harshen
Kilba, domin ta mamaye fadar Sarkin Kilba. Idan sarki zai yi jawabi ga
jama’arsa da harshen Hausa yake yi. Haka ma fadawansa ba su yin magana da
harshen Kilba sai da Hausa. Kamar “gyara kimtsa” da “an gaisheka galadima” da
“hattara dai”. Da sauransu.[6]
3.1.4 Fadar Sarkin Kilba
Kamar yadda bincike ya tabbatar ƙabilar Kilba a can baya, fadar sarkinsu a kan dutse ne yake zama a
kai a fadarsa. Fadawa kuma suna zama ƙasa. Babu wata shimfiɗa irin tabarma da suransu. Fadawan kuma, suna zama ne wasu a gefen
dama wasu kuma ta gefen hagu ga sarki. Midala kuma yana bayan fadar sarki suna
tsaron fadar sarki.[7]
Fadar Sarkin Kilba a yanzu ta samu sauyi
bayan cunɗanya mai ƙarfin da suka yi da
Hausawa.A yau, sarkin Kilba yana zama ne kan kujara mai alfarma. Fadawansa kuma
kan darduma suke zama, kuma a gaban sarki, ba a gefensa na hagu da dama suke
zama ba. Haka ma a lokacin Sallah, bayan an sauko daga Idi ana yin wasa da dawakai
a kofar fada. Kowane hakimi da tawagarsa za su shiga ɗaya bayan ɗaya su jinjina wa sarki da fadawarsa. Daga
karshe bayan Sallah da kwana ɗaya ko biyu, Sarki da
fadawansa za suhaye bisa doki da kuma wasu daga cikin talakawa za su zaga cikin
gari, duk inda suka bi jama’ar gari suna jinjina wa Sarki da tawagarsa. Wato
mutane suna fita ƙofar gidansu don su
jinjina masa. Kamar dai yadda ake yi a hawan daba ko daushe a ƙasar Hausa da sauransu.[8]
|
S/N |
Sunan Sarautautar Kilba |
Sunan da ta Sauya na Hausa |
Aikinsa |
|
1. |
Təl |
Sarki |
Sarauta |
|
2. |
Midala |
Garkuwa |
Mai
tsaron masarauta |
|
3. |
Gaga |
Sarkin
Fada |
Mai
kula da al’amuran fada. |
|
4. |
Shawa |
Dogari |
Mai
tsaron Sarki |
|
5. |
Garga |
Masarauta |
Inda
gidan Sarki yake |
|
6. |
Cam |
Fada |
Zauren
Sarki |
|
7. |
Kwatam |
Gimbiya |
‘Yar
Sarki |
4.1 Sakamakon Bincike
Binciken ya gano akwai alaƙa tsakanin Hausawa da Kilba domin dukkansu iyalan yankin Chadi ne
su, wato sun rayu a tafkin Chadi na wani lokaci kamar yanda Adamu ya bayyana a
cikin wani littafinsa mai suna Asalin Hausawa da harshensu, yana
cewa: “To, su dai iyalan Chadic suna da yawa. Akwai Bura da Margi da Kilba
a lardin Adamawa da Barno”.
Haka, binciken ya gano yanayin tsarin
sarautar ƙabilar Kilba ya sauya, zuwa tsarin sarauta irin
na Hausawa. Domin a yanzu ƙasar Kilba suna da tsarin sarauta da suka haɗa da: sarki da hakimi da dagaci da mai’unguwa da sauransu
Baya ga nan, binciken ya gano masarautar Kilba,
akasarin mu’amalolin da ake yi da harshen Kilba ake yin su. Kamar kirari da ake
yi wa sarki da duk wani abinda ya shafi sadarwa ko shawara.
Har wa yau, binciken ya fahimci cewa, a yau,
sarkin Kilba yana zama ne kan kujara mai alfarma. Fadawansa kuma kan darduma
suke zama, kuma a gaban sarki, ba a gefensa na hagu da dama suke zama ba.
Haka ma Sakamakon wannan binciken ya gano a
lokacin Sallah, bayan an sauko daga Idi ana yin wasa da dawakai a kofar fada.
Kowane hakimi da tawagarsa za su shiga ɗaya bayan ɗaya su jinjina wa sarki da fadawarsa.
Daga karshe, takardar ta
fahimci bayan Sallah da kwana ɗaya ko biyu, Sarki da fadawansa za su haye
bisa doki da kuma wasu daga cikin talakawa za su zaga cikin gari, duk inda suka
bi jama’ar gari suna jinjina wa Sarki da tawagarsa. Wato mutane suna fita ƙofar gidansu don su jinjina masa. Kamar dai yadda ake yi a hawan
daba ko daushe a ƙasar Hausa.
5.1 Kammalawa
Tun daga farkon wannan
takarda, an kawo ra’ayoyin masana dangane da ma’anar al’adu, daga nan sai aka
yi dubi kan ƙasar Kilba (Həba), da garuruwan da suka
yi maƙwabtaka da ƙasar Kilba, Wato kananan
hukumomi tare al’ummarsu. Kamar
yadda aka kawo su a baya. Haka ma, an yi bayani game da Masarautar Kilba a
gargajiyance. Wato yadda al’ummar Kilba ke gudanar da Sarauta. Kazalika,
binciken ya tabbatar da akwai jirwayen al’adun Hausawa cikin al’adun
sarautun ƙabilar Kilba.
Haka, ma dangane da masarautar Kilba binciken ya
gano cewa akwai jirwayen al’adun Hausawa a cikin Sarautar Kilba. Domin Kilba da
aka fi sanin sunan Shugabansu da Tɘl sai gashi ya samu
karin Sarauta da ake kira da Hakimi da dagaci da mai unguwa. Bugu da kari mai
tsaron Sarkin Kilba da aka fi sani da suna, Midala sai ga shi a yau ya sauya
zuwa garkuwa, haka ma Gaga ya sauya zuwa sarkin fada. Haka ma akwai wasu sarautu
a fadar sarkin Hong an ƙeɓesu wa ‘yan gidan
sarauta wato ‘ya’yan sarki, ake basu, ɗan sarkin Hong Abba shi
ne ciroma na Hong da Jamilu shi ne Yarima Hong. Sai kuma ƙannen sarki Abdurraman Shekara Tafidan Hong da Adam sarkin ayyuka
da sauransu.
Manazarta
Abdulkadir, D. (2004). Gyara kayanka: tasirin
al’adun Hausawa da ci gaban ƙasa. Takarda da aka
gabatar a studies in Hausa language, literature and culture; The siɗth Hausa international conference. Center for the study of
Nigerian languages. Bayero University.
Abubakar, H. H. (2012). Tasirin al’adun Hausawa
a kan Ibira a Kano a Yau, Ɗkundin digiri na biyuɗ. Jami’ar Bayero.
Adamu, M.T (1997). Asalin Hausawa da Harshensu.
Kano: Ɗansarkin Kura Publishers.
Bunza, A.M (2006). Gadon Feɗe Al’ada. Tiwal publishers.
Bunza, A.M (2009). Narambaɗa. Ibrash publications.
CNHN. (2006). Ƙamusun Hausa na Jami’ar Bayero Kano. Ahmadu Bello University
Press.
Ibrahim, M.S (1982).
Dangantakar Al’ada da Addini Tasirin Musulunci A Kan Rayuwa Hausawa Ta
Gargajiya, Ɗkundin digiri na biyuɗ Jami’ar Bayero.
Mu’azu, A da Shatima, I.G. (2013). The
deterioration of Hausa culture organized by: Katsina collaboration with,
Katsina, Umaru Musa ‘Yar’adua university.
Pungri, J.H. (2015). Aspects of the Economic
History of Kilba Land, 1820 to 1934.Aboki pubulishers Makurɗi, Benue State.
Umar, A (1981) Takaitaccen
Tarihin Al’adun Hausa zuwa 1900; Kano: Takarda da aka gabatar cikin Maƙalolin Babban Taron ƙara wa juna ilimi na Biyu
da Adabi da Al’ada na Hausa Cibiyar Nazarin H arsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Bayero.
Yanta, D.D. (2009). Zəndəbiya Seu Atəkəra Həba, Haɓe. Some Knowledge about Həba and her Culture. Jos: Printed by Holma Nigerian Limited.
SUNAYEN WAƊANDA AKA YI HIRA DA SU
|
S/N |
SUNA |
ADRESHI |
SHEKARA |
RANA/LOKACIN HIRA |
|
1. |
Ada Sama’ila Habu Salu |
Harabar masallaci Kofar gisansa, a cikin garin Hong |
78 |
25/05/2025.Misalin karfe 07:53 na safe. |
|
2. |
Aminu Mu’azu |
Radiyo B.B.C Hausa |
55 |
16/05/2010. Misalin karfe 3:20 na yamma. |
|
3. |
Mahmud Abba Chiroma |
Ta wayar tarho |
40 |
19/04/2025. Misalin karfe 04:15 na yamma. |
|
4. |
Suleiman Ibrahim Mamman |
A Garin Pella |
53 |
06/03/2025. Misalin karfe 4:35 na yamma. |
150
[1]hira da Baba sama’ila salu a harabar masalaci da
ke kofar gidansa ranar 25/05/2025 misalin karfe 7:53 na safe.
[2]Dubi lamba 2
[3] Hira da Suleman Ibrahim Mamman a cikin
garin Pella ranar 06 / 03 \ 2025 misalin karfe 4:15 na yamma
[4]Dulamba 4
[5]Hira da Mahmoud Abba ciroman Hong ta wayar tarho
ranar 19/4/2025 da misalin karfe 9: 24 na dare.
[6]Dubi lamba ta 6
[7]Dubi lamba6
[8]Dubi lamba6
0 Comments
ENGLISH: You are warmly invited to share your comments or ask questions regarding this post or related topics of interest. Your feedback serves as evidence of your appreciation for our hard work and ongoing efforts to sustain this extensive and informative blog. We value your input and engagement.
HAUSA: Kuna iya rubuto mana tsokaci ko tambayoyi a ƙasa. Tsokacinku game da abubuwan da muke ɗorawa shi zai tabbatar mana cewa mutane suna amfana da wannan ƙoƙari da muke yi na tattaro muku ɗimbin ilimummuka a wannan kafar intanet.