Tasirin Karin Harshen ‘Yan Gudun Hijira a Kan Hausar Garin Ƙauran Namoda, Jihar Zamfara

Citation: Bashir, A. & Abubakar, M. (2026). Tasirin karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira a kan Hausar garin Ƙauran Namoda, Jihar Zamfara. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, 5(2), 34-41. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2026.v05i02.005. 

TASIRIN KARIN HARSHEN ‘YAN GUDUN HIJIRA A KAN HAUSAR GARIN ƘAURAN NAMODA, JIHAR ZAMFARA

Daga

Abdullahi Bashir
Sashen Harsuna da Al’adu
Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau
+234 803 648 1158
abdullahi.bashir@fugusau.edu.ng

Da

Mustapha Abubakar
Ɗalibi a Sashen Harsuna da Al’adu
Jami’ar Tarayya Gusau, Jihar Zamfara
+234 814 111 2741

Tsakure

A ’yan shekarun nan, matsalar tsaro a wasu sassan Arewa maso Yammacin Nijeriya ta haifar da yawaitar ’yan gudun hijira zuwa garuruwa daban-daban waɗanda suke zaune lafiya kamar a cikin garin Ƙauran Namoda. Wannan hijira ta zo da sauye-sauye masu yawa, ciki har da na zamantakewa da tattalin arziƙi da kuma harshe. Wannan bincike ya nazarci tasirin karin harshen ’yan gudun hijira, musamman waɗanda suka taso daga yankunan ƙasar Shinkafi (Arewacin garin Ƙauran Namoda) da kuma waɗanda suka fito daga yankin ƙasar Zurmi (Arewa Maso-Gabas da garin Ƙauran Namoda) da kuma wani yanki na ƙasar Birnin Magaji (Gabas da garin Ƙauran Namoda). Sai kuma na wasu ƙauyuka da ke kudancin garin na Ƙauran Namoda duk a cikin jihar Zamfara, inda suka shigo da wannan baƙon karin harshe zuwa garin Ƙauran Namoda, a yayin da suke neman mafaka don gudun tsira daga matsalar rashin tsaro da suka fuskanta a muhallansu na asali. Hakan, ya yi matuƙar shafar wasu kalmomi ta fuskar ma’ana, musamman waɗanda ake amfani da su a Hausar garin ta asali wadda aka san su da ita, watau Karin harshen Zamfarci, inda ake samun canjin ma’ana . An tattara bayanai ta hanyar gani da ido, an yi tattaunawa da mazauna gari da ’yan gudun hijira, tare da yin amfani da littattafan masana. Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa, karin harshen ’yan gudun hijira yana da tasiri mai kyau da kuma ƙalubale ga harshen Hausar Kauran Namoda. Binciken ya bayar da shawarwari a kan yadda za a ci gajiyar wannan sauyi ba tare da gurɓata harshen asali ba (Zamfarci), wanda ɗaya ne daga cikin kare-karen harsunan ƙasar Hausa.

Fitilun Kalmomi: Harshe, Karin Harshe, Walwalar Harshe, Gudun Hijira, Kauran Namoda

1.0 Gabatarwa     

Harshe wata muhimmiyar hanya ce ta sadarwa da ke haɗa mutane da al’umma. Ta hanyar harshe ne ake bayyana tunani, al’adu da tsarin rayuwa. Duk wani sauyi da ya faru a cikin al’umma, kamar hijira ko yaƙi, yakan shafi harshe kai tsaye. Saboda haka, batun hulɗar harsuna ya zama muhimmin fanni a nazarin ilimin harshe. A ’yan shekarun nan, matsalolin tsaro sun tilasta wa mutane da dama barin muhallinsu domin neman mafaka a wasu garuruwa. Wannan yanayi da ake kira gudun hijira yana haifar da haɗuwar al’ummomi daban-daban masu harsuna ko karin harsuna mabanbanta. Lokacin da waɗannan mutane suka zauna a wuri guda, harsunansu sukan yi mu’amala da juna, wannan dalilin yakan haifar da sauye-sauye a harshen garin.

Garin Kauran Namoda, a Jihar Zamfara, yana daga cikin garuruwan da suka karɓi ’yan gudun hijira daga wurare mabambanta. Wannan ya haifar da ƙaruwar kare-karen harshe na Hausa, wanda hakan yake da tasiri ga Hausar da ake amfani da ita a garin. Wannan bincike ya mayar da hankali ne a kan nazarin wannan tasiri.

1.1 Karin Harshe                             

Karin harshe wata hanya ce da ake iya ganin bambanci a cikin harshe ɗaya. Ana iya samun ‘yan bambance-bambance tsakanin masu magana da harshe ɗaya. Babban abin burgewa shi ne, bambancin da yake tsakani bai wuce haifar da rashin fahimta a tsakanin waɗannan rukunan al’umma ba. Masana sun bayar da gagarumar gudummuwa wajen bayar da ma’anar karin harshe. Greenbarg (1915) an ce: “karin harshe shi ne wanda ya saɓa wa daidaitaccen harshen da ake rubutawa”. Sai kuma Skinner (1977) bincike ne da ya ce, za a iya kallon karin harshe “a matsayin wani nau’in magana a cikin harshe ɗaya wanda ba shi ne ainihin harshen ba”. Bugu da ƙari, Zarruk da wasu (1990 sh. 9) kuwa an bayyana ma’anar Karin harshe da cewa, “wasu ‘yan bambance-bambancen lafazi ne da kalmomi da jumloli tsakanin rukunin al’umma ko shiyyoyin ƙasa mai harshe ɗaya”.

Aikin Bello (2020) ya yi bayani ne a kan abin da ya shafi karin harshen Hausa, sai dai masanin ya karkata ne ta fannin furuci, watau yadda akan furta kalmomi a tsakanin kare-karen harsuna maƙwabtan juna musamman a nan ƙasar Hausa waɗanda suka bamabanta ta fuskar muhalli ko wuraren zama. A cikin littafin an kawo yadda gaɓoɓin furuci sukan yi tasiri ƙwarai da gaske daga wuri zuwa wuri, inda za ka ji akan furta kalmomi cikin yanayi daban-daban wanda kuma hakan bai hana kalma ta tsira da ma’anarta ta asali idan aka koma ga daidaitacciyar Hausa. Galadanci da wasu (1990) an bayyana Karin harshe a matsayin wani “tsari ne na amfani da harshe, yadda masu magana da harshen suka bambanta da sauran ‘yan uwansu duk da cewa suna gane tare da fahintar junansu”. Har ila yau, Sani (2009 sh. 2) aiki ne da ya yi ƙoƙarin bayyana Karin harshe da cewa, “wani nau’i ne daga cikin nau’o’in harshe ɗaya wanda akan yi amfani da shi musamman a wani sashe na al’umma”. Misali a Hausa akwai kare-karen harsuna da da suka ƙunshi Kananci, Gudduranci, Dauranci, Katsinanci, Zazzaganci da sauransu.

A nan, masana ilimin harshe sun bayyana cewa, samuwar karin harshe abu ne na ɗabi’a, domin harshe yana rayuwa ne tare da mutane. Ibrahim (2009) aikin bincike ne da aka bayyana cewa, duk inda al’umma suka rabu ta fuskar muhalli ko suka fuskanci canje-canje na zamantakewa, to harshe zai nuna wannan bambanci. Karin harshe yana taimakawa wajen gano asalin mutum, inda yake zaune, ko irin al’ummar da ya fito daga cikinta. A wasu lokuta, karin harshe yakan zama wata alama ta alfahari da asalin al’umma, domin yana ɗauke da tarihin yankin da al’adunsa. Duk da cewa, masana irin su Crystal (2008 sh. 113) da Finnegan (2008) sun nuna yadda harsuna suke haɗuwa (Language Convergence) musamman ta fuskar ma’ana a lokacin isar da saƙo a tsakanin al’umma.

Kare-karen harshen Hausa sun rabu gida goma sha huɗu (14). Guda bakwai (7) a Nijeriya, sannan kuma guda bakwai (7) a Jamhuriyar Nijar kamar yadda Sani & Umar (2018 sh. 23) suka bayyana. Ga su kamar haka:

a.      Kananci

b.      Katsinanci

c.       Sakkwatanci

d.     Zazzaganci

e.      Dauranci

f.        Bausanci

g.      Zamfarci

Sai kuma kare-karen harsuna na Hausa waɗanda suke cikin Jamhuriyar Nijar akwai:

a.      Damagaranci

b.      Gobiranci

c.       Adaranci

d.     Arewanci

e.      Kurfayanci

f.        Canganci

g.      Agadasanci

A wannan bincike na karin harshe yana nufin bambance-bambancen lafazi, kalmomi da salo na magana da ’yan gudun hijira suka shigo da su zuwa cikin garin Kauran Namoda, wanda ya bambanta da Hausar mazauna garin ta asali. Wannan bambanci yana bayyana ne a furuci, zaɓin kalmomi, da kuma tsarin jumla a mu’amalar yau da kullum ta al’umma.

1.2 Gudun Hijira

Gudun hijira abu ne da yake da daɗaɗɗen tarihi da ya samo asali daga fiyayyan halitta Manzon Allah (SAW) lokacin da aka addabe shi a mahaifarsa wato Makka, Allah (SWA) Ya umurce shi da ya bar Makka zuwa birnin Madina. Tun wannan lokacin abin ya samo asali har zuwa yanzu. Duk lokacin da aka tsangwami mutum a garin, ya samu ya yi hijira daga wannan gari zuwa wani domin samun aminci da natsuwa.

Gudun hijira yana nufin yanayin da mutum ko al’umma suke shiga na barin muhallinsu na asali domin tsira daga wata barazana kamar rikici, tashin hankali, rashin tsaro, bala’o’i ko matsanancin talauci. A cewar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (U.N, 2018), ’yan gudun hijira su ne mutanen da aka tilasta wa barin gidajensu amma suke ci gaba da zama a cikin ƙasarsu. Wannan hijira ba zaɓi ba ce, illa tilas domin kare rayuka da martaba.

Akwai ƙauyuka da garuruwa da dama da matsalar tsaro ta addaba har wasu daga cikin al’ummun garuruwan suka yo hijira zuwa cikin garin Kaura. Wadannan garuruwa sun haɗa da:

a.      Magamin Ɗantoro

b.      Gabake

c.       Moriki

d.     Modomawa

e.      Dauran

f.        ‘Yan kaba

g.      Kungurki

h.      Kuromoni

i.        Dogon kaɗe

j.        Kasuwar daji

A wannan bincike, gudun hijira na nufin shigowar mutanen da suka bar ƙauyuka da garuruwansu sakamakon matsalolin tsaro suka shigo garin Kauran Namoda. Waɗannan mutane sun shigo da karin harshensu da salo na magana, wanda hakan ya haifar da tasiri kai tsaye ga harshen da ake amfani da shi a cikin gari.

1.3 Garin Kauran Namoda

Garin Kauran Namoda ya samo sunansa ne daga Muhammadu Namoda (Malam Namoda), shahararren Jarumin Yaƙi kuma malamin addinin Musulunci. Garin Kauran Namoda yana daga cikin manyan garuruwa a Jihar Zamfara, kuma gari ne wanda ya haɗa al’ummomi da dama. Garin ya zama cibiyar noma da kasuwanci. Hausar da ake amfani da ita a Kauran Namoda tana da tata sigar karin harshen wadda ta bambanta da ta wasu garuruwan.

A ’yan shekarun nan, sakamakon matsalolin tsaro a wasu sassan Zamfara da makwabtan jahohi, Kauran Namoda ta zama mafaka ga ’yan gudun hijira. Wannan ya janyo ƙaruwa a yawan jama’a, tare da shigowar mutane mabambanta wadanda suke da bambancin asali, al’adu da karin harshe. Yawaitar ‘yan gudun hijirar ta shafi harshen da ake amfani da shi a Kauran Namoda. Hausar al’umma daga wurare mabambanta ta yi naso cikin Hausar garin, musamman a kasuwanni, makarantu, asibitoci da wuraren ba da tallafi da sauransu.

Garin Kauran Namoda gari ne babba wanda yake da gundumomi (ward) masu yawa wanda jama’a da dama suke rayuwa a cikinsu. Wasu daga cikin gundumomin sun haɗa da:

1. Gabake
2. ‘Yankaba
3. Saka-jiki
4. Kyambarawa
5. Banga
6. Dogon kaɗe
7. Kagara
8. Dan-isa
9. Kungurki
10. Kurya

2.0 Dabarun Gudanar Da Bincike

Wannan bincike ya yi amfani da hanyoyi mabambanta domin tattara bayanai masu inganci da za su bayyana ainihin tasirin karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira a garin Kauran Namoda. Hanyoyin sun haɗa da majiyar farko da ta biyu domin a samu cikakken haske.

An yi amfani da gani da ido a majiyar farko, kamar yadda Hausawa suka ce gani ya kori ji. Mun ziyarci wuraren da jama’a suke taruwa akai-akai, irin su kasuwanni, unguwanni, makarantu, da wuraren zama na yau da kullum. Wannan hanyar ta bamu damar ganin yadda karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira ke tasiri a rayuwar yau da kullum ta mazauna garin Ƙauran Namoda. An yi nazari sosai kan yadda ake amfani da lafuzza mabambanta, kalmomi masu ma’ana biyu ko fiye da biyu (kalmomi masu harshen damo), da kuma yadda ake magana dasu cikin zantuka na yau da kullum. Har ila yau, an tattauna da dattawa, matasa, ’yan kasuwa, malamai da ’yan gudun hijira, domin jin yadda Hausar ‘yan gudun hijira ta yi tasirin a kan Hausar garin. Wannan tattaunawar ta bada damar fahimtar yadda karin harshe ke canza ko inganta sadarwa a tsakanin al’umma.

Domin tabbatar da sahihancin bayanai da kuma gina binciken bisa tushen ilimin kimiyya, an yi amfani da majiya ta biyu ta hanyar nazarin littattafai, da mujallu, da maƙalu, da kundayen digiri da suka yi nazari kan karin harshe. Wannan ya taimaka wajen gano abubuwan da masana suka riga suka gano a fannin karin harshe, musamman yadda yake shafar al’adun al’umma, harshe, da zamantakewa. Ta hanyar haɗa bayanan da aka samo daga majiyar farko da kuma hujjojin da aka samo daga majiya ta biyu, an samu cikakken haske kan yadda karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira yake taka muhimmiyar rawa a garin Kauran Namoda.

3.0 Bitar Ra’i

Bitar ra’i a wannan binciken ta dogara ne a kan Nahawun Zamantakewa (Sociolinguistics), wato wani fanni na ilimin harshe da ke nazarin alaƙar da ke tsakanin harshe da al’umma. Wannan fanni yana kallon harshe a matsayin wani abu mai rai da ke canzawa gwargwadon yanayin zamantakewar al’umma. Sauye-sauye kamar hijira, aure, kasuwanci, ilimi da hulɗar jama’a kan taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauya lafazi, kalmomi da tsarin magana na harshe.

Fishman (1972) ya bayyana cewa idan al’umma daga yankuna mabambanta suka haɗu, hulɗar da ke tsakaninsu kan haifar da cakuduwar harshe, inda kalmomi, lafuzza da salo na magana ke shiga juna. Wannan ra’ayi ya dace ƙwarai da yanayin garin Kauran Namoda, inda ’yan gudun hijira daga sassa mabambanta suke mu’amala da mazauna garin a kasuwanni, unguwanni da makarantu. Wannan hulɗa ta yau da kullum tana ba wa harshe damar karɓar sababbin siffofi.

Bugu da ƙari, Trudgill (2000) ya nuna cewa karin harshe yana sauyawa ne bisa yawan hulɗa da kuma irin karɓuwar da al’umma ke ba shi. Idan wani salo ko lafazi ya samu karɓuwa daga mutane da dama, to yana da damar ya wanzu na dogon lokaci. Wannan ra’ayi ya taimaka wajen fahimtar dalilin da ya sa wasu siffofin karin harshen ’yan gudun hijira ke karɓuwa cikin sauri a Kauran Namoda, musamman a tsakanin matasa.

4.0 Tasirin Karin Harshen ’Yan Gudun Hijira a Garin Kauran Namoda

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan tasirin da karin harshen ’yan gudun hijira ya yi shi ne shigowar sababbin lafuzza da kalmomi cikin Hausar da ake magana amfani da ita a Kauran Namoda. Wasu kalmomi da lafuzza daga yankunan da ’yan gudun hijira suka fito sun fara zama ruwan dare, musamman a wuraren taruwar jama’a kamar kasuwa da unguwanni. Wannan sauyi ya fi bayyana a tsakanin yara da matasa, domin su ne suka fi saurin kwaikwayon bakin abubuwa.

Haka kuma, wannan hulɗa ta harshe ta taimaka wajen faɗaɗa fahimtar juna tsakanin al’umma. Mazauna gari sun fara fahimtar karin harsunan baƙi, haka nan ’yan gudun hijira ma suna koyon Hausar gargajiyar Kauran Namoda. Wannan yanayi yana ƙarfafa zaman lafiya, haɗin kai da jituwa tsakanin al’umma, wanda hakan ana iya kallonsa a matsayin tasiri mai kyau ga zamantakewar garin.

Sai dai duk da waɗannan fa’idoji, akwai ƙalubale da ke tattare da wannan sauyi. Wasu siffofi na asalin karin harshen Kauran Namoda ya fara raguwa, musamman a bakin matasa da yara. Idan aka yi watsi da wannan matsala, akwai yiwuwar a nan gaba karin harshen asali ya lalace ko ya dusashe, lamarin da ke nuna buƙatar ɗaukar mataki.

4.1 Misalan Karin Harshen ‘Yan Gudun Hijira a Garin Kauran Namoda:

Lamba	Kalma/KHGH	Ma’ana ta Sarari/ DDH	Ma’ana ta Ɓoye	Ajin Kalma	Rukuni	Wuri	Dalili
1.	Kansila	Zaɓaɓɓen ɗan majalisar ƙaramar hukuma	Hoce	Suna	Maza/Mata	Taro	Siyasa
2.	Kin fi nama	Nau’in abinci	Gala/Awara	Suna	Maza/Mata	Gida	Yunwa
3.	Banƙare ciki	Abinci	Rogo	Suna	Maza/Mata	Gida	Yunwa
4.	Bugun zuciya	Damuwa	Tafasa	Suna	Maza/Mata	Gida	Yunwa
5.	Kwanan amarci	Biki	Wanda ya kwana daji	Suna	Maza	Gida	Wahala
6.	Na banza	Maras amfani	Tallafin gwamnati	Suna	Maza/Mata	Taro	Wahala
7.	Akwai samata	Zaurance	Akwai Magana	Yankin Jumla	Maza/Mata	Gida/waje	Hira
8.	Sun taka kwata	Ƙazanta	Ɓarayi sun zo ba su yi nasara ba	Yankin Jumla	Maza/Mata	Gida/waje	Hira
9.	Ɗaukar dole	Tursasawa	Garkuwa da mutane	Suna-Aikatau	Maza/Mata	Gida/waje	Hira
10.	Malam Shehu	Mutum	Talaka	Suna	Maza/Mata	Gida/waje	Wahala
11.	Tsananna	Abinci	Shinkafa	Suna	Maza/Mata	Gida/waje	Yunwa
12.	Baƙi da kwat	Abinci	Tuwon dawa	Suna	Iyaye	Gida	Yunwa
13.	Motar Sayyadi	Abin hawa	Mai tafiyar ƙasa	Sifa	Manya/Yara	Gida/Waje	Sufuri
14.	Dongon baro	Abin hawa	Mashin Honda na ɓarayi	Suna	Manya	Gida/Waje	Sufuri
15.	Alaji	Abinci	Kunu/koko	Suna	Manya/Yara	Gida	Yunwa
16.	Hajiya	Abinci	Fura	Suna	Manya/Yara	Gida	Yunwa
17.	Gimbiya	Abinci	ɓula/tuwon ruwa	Suna	Manya/Yara	Gida	Yunwa
18.	Danka	Abinci	Dankali	Suna	Manya/Yara	Gida	Yunwa
19.	Manka	Abinci	Mankani	Suna	Manya/Yara	Gida	Yunwa
20.	Ƙanƙamo	Abin sha	Ƙanƙara	Suna	Manya/Yara	Gida/Waje	Ƙishin-ruwa
21.	Carki	Tsuntsu	Mai son banza	Sifa	Manya	Gida/Waje	Damuwa
22.	Aku	Tsuntsu	Mai sambatu	Sifa	Manya	Gida/Waje	Damuwa

 

5.0 Sakamakon Bincike

Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa karin harshe na ’yan gudun hijira ya yi tasiri ta fuskoki guda biyu a garin Kauran Namoda. A ɓangare guda, yana ƙara wadata da bunƙasar harshe ta hanyar shigowar sababbin kalmomi da lafuzza, wanda yake ƙara bunƙasa hanyoyin mu’amalar jama’a. Wannan yana nuna cewa, harshe abu ne mai rai da yake karɓar canji gwargwadon zamani da kuma yanayin al’umma, musamman ta fuskar zamantakewa.

A ɓangare guda kuma, binciken ya nuna cewa, wannan sauyi yana iya rage ƙarfin asalin karin harshen gari, musamman idan ba a ɗauki mataki ba. Matasa da yara sun fi karɓar sabon abu fiye da manya, domin kuwa su manya sun fi yin riƙo da tsohon salo ko tsari na furuci ko magana da suka gada tun da fari a wurin iyaye da kakanni.

Bugu da ƙari, an gano cewa, wuraren taruwar jama’a kamar kasuwanni, makarantu da unguwanni su ne cibiyoyin da aka fi gudanar da mu’amula da baƙin al’ummomi. Wannan ya nuna cewa, mu’amular da akan yi ta yau da kullum a tsakanin al’umma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauya harshe. Har ila yau, binciken ya yi ƙoƙarin gano ma’anonin wasu kalmomi da jumloli na karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira a garin ƙauran Namoda, inda aka duba ma’anoni na sarari da na ɓoye da kuma ajin kalma a nahawu, sai muhallin da ake furta irin waɗannan kalmomi da dalilan furta su ta hanyar kallon rukunin al’umma dangane da su waɗannan ‘yan gudun hijira na garin ƙauran Namoda da ke jihar Zamfara.

Haka kuma a cikin wannan bayani, an yi amfani da Alamar KHGH a matsayin Karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira, a yayin da aka saka alamar DDH a matsayin Daidaitacciyar Hausa. An nuna yadda ake samun canjin ma’ana ta fuskar kalmomi da kuma yankin jumloli a tsakanin Karin harshen rukuni da kuma na nahiya duk a cikin harshen Hausa.

Bayani A Kan Wasu Kalmomin Karin Harshen ‘Yan Gudun Hijira a Garin Ƙauran Namoda

1.      Kansila: Wannan kalma tana nufin zaɓaɓɓen ɗan majalisar dokoki ta ƙaramar hukuma. Sai dai a karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira, kalmar tana ɗaukar ma’anar ‘Hoce’ watau abincin da ake yi da kwaɓaɓɓen garin masara ko dawa a jihar Zamfara, ta hanyar gasa shi a saman kasako ko a bayansa.

2.      Kin fi nama: Wannan na nufin Gala (Awara) wadda ake yi da waken suya a matsayin abinci, ta hanyar dafawa ko soyawa.

3.      Banƙare-ciki: Kalmar tana nufin Rogo dafaffe ko ɗanye a Hausar ‘yan gudun hijira na cikin garin Ƙaura- Namoda.

4.      Bugun zuciya: A nan ana nufin Tafasa, watau ganyen da ake zagowa a daji daga tushensa, inda akan dafa shi domin a ci, ya kasance a matsayin abinci mafi ƙasƙanci ga marasa galihu ko don yin magani a ƙasar Hausa.

5.      Kwanan amarci: ‘Yan gudun hijirar sukan danganta wannan ne ga mutumin da ya kwana a hannun ɓarayin daji, watau mace ko namiji ta fuskar sauya batun zuwa baibai.

6.      Na banza: A Karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira, wannan yana nufin kayan tallafin da gwamnati take bayarwa ga ‘yan gudun hijira, waɗanda suka rabu da muhallansu.

7.      Malam Shehu: A nan, ana nufin talaka talak, watau wanda bai da cin yau balle na gobe.

8.      Tsananna: Shinkafa ce da aka dafa kuma ake jira a rarraba ta ga mabuƙata masu jin yunwa.

9.      Baƙi da kwat: Tuwon dawa ke nan, wanda ake raba wa ‘yan gudun hijira matsayin sadaka

10.  Motar sayyadi: Watau ƙafa, ko ktafiyar ƙasa da mutum ya yi main isa don gudun tsira.

11.  Dogon baro: Wani dogon mashin ne (Honda) na ɓarayin daji mai ɗaukar aƙalla mutum biyar, shi ne suke goya muatane idan sun ɗauko su domin yin garkuwa da su a daji.

12.  Alaji: Wannan yana nufin koko ko kunu, wanda ake rabawa a sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira na garin Ƙaura-Namoda ta jihar Zamfara.

13.  Hajiya: Fura ke nan, wadda ake girkewa domin rabawa ‘yan gudun hijira a Ƙaura Namoda.

14.  Gimbiya: Tuwon-ruwa (ɓula) wanda ake yi da markaɗaɗɗen gero ko dawa, ta hanyar cura daskararren ƙullu da kuma dafa shi a matsayi abinci a yankin Zamfara da Katsina.

15.  Ƙanƙamo: Ƙanƙara ke nan daskararra mai sanyi wadda take da wuyar riƙewa a hannu.

16.  Danka: Wannann a nufin Dankali, abinci ne da ake dafawa a ci da ƙuli ko da miya ko gaya.

17.  Manka: Ana nufin Mankani, abinci ne da ake dafawa a ci da ƙuli ko da miya ko gaya.

18.  Carki: Mai wayau ke nan tare da nuna son abin hannunsa da kuma nuna halin son banza.

Shawarwari Bincike

Dangane da sakamakon binciken, ana ba da shawarar malamai da makarantu su ƙara ƙarfafa koyar da harshen Hausa, musamman ta gargajiya a matakin firamare da sakandare. Wannan zai taimaka wajen gina tubalin harshen yara tun daga tushe, tare da kare asalin karin harshen garin da suke.

Haka kuma, ya dace a ƙarfafa zaman lafiya da fahimtar juna a tsakanin ’yan gudun hijira da mazauna garin da suka yi sansani don neman mafaka. Domin kuwa, idan al’umma suna zaune cikin jituwa, harshe zai bunƙasa ba tare da janyo rikici ko rashin fahimta ba.

Masana harshe da ɗalibai su ƙara gudanar da bincike kan tasirin karin harshen ‘yan gudun hijira a harsunan gida, domin samar da hanyoyin kula da sauyin harshe ta yadda zai ci gaba da bunƙasa ba tare da tauye asalinsa ba.

6.0 Kammalawa

Wannan bincike ya tabbatar da cewa gudun hijira yana da tasiri kai tsaye ga harshe, musamman ta fuskar karin harshe. Shigowar ’yan gudun hijira ya sauya yanayin Hausar Kauran Namoda ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kama daga lafuzza zuwa kalmomi da salo na magana. Wannan sauyi ba dukkansa ne mummuna ba, domin yana nuna rayuwar harshe da ci gabansa. Sai dai, idan ba a kula da shi ba, yana iya janyo gushewar wasu siffofi na asalin karin harshen garin. Saboda haka, wannan seminar ta zama gudummawa mai muhimmanci wajen fahimtar alaƙar da ke tsakanin gudun hijira da sauyin harshe a al’ummar Hausa, tare da buɗe ƙofa ga ƙarin bincike a nan gaba.

Manazarta

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