Taimakekeniyar Direbobi a Sana’ar Sufuri ta Zamani a Ƙasar Hausa

Citation: Nalado, N. & Ɗanɗagoro, S.A. (2026). Taimakekeniyar Direbobi a Sana’ar Sufuri ta Zamani a Ƙasar Hausa. Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture, 5(2), 42-49. www.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2026.v05i02.006.

TAIMAKEKENIYAR DIREBOBI A SANA’AR SUFURI TA ZAMANI A ƘASAR HAUSA

Na

Nuhu Nalado
School of Secondary Education Department of Hausa
Studies, Ikcoe D/Ma Katsina State
Gsm No: 08067762873
Gmail Address: naladonuhu@gmail.com

Da

Sani Aliyu Ɗanɗagoro
Department of Nigerian Languages, Federal Uniɓersity
Dutsinma, Katsina State
Gsm No: 08039299012
Gmail Address: sanialiyu101@gmail.com

Tsakure

Sana’ar direba sana’a ce ta zamani wadda aka samu a sanadiyyar sana’ar sufuri ta zamani. An lura da cewa a cikin wannan sana’a akwai nason al’adar taimakekeniya a cikinta waɗanda masu gudanar da sana’ar suke samarwa a matsayi gudummawarsu ga bunƙasa sana’ar. Manufar gudanar da wannan bincike ita ce a bayyana ire-iren taimakekeniyar da direbobi Hausawa suke aiwatarwa a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa sana’ar sufuri ta zamani a wannan lokaci. Hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin haɗa wannan aiki sun haɗa da nazarin wasu ayyukan masana da manazarta da suka shafi aikin kaitsaye da suka kasance a cikin sigar rubutattun litattafai da muƙalu da kuma tattaunawa ko yin hira da wasu mutane da suke da masaniya a kan harkokin sufuri na zamani a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. An ɗora wannan nazari a bisa Ra’in Zumuntar Sasan Al’umma (Consensus Theory of Culture). Daga ƙarshe, aikin ya gano sana’ar sufuri ta zamani a cikin al’ummarr Hausawa tana tattare da al’adun da suka ginu a gurabun taimakekeniya tsakanin matafiya da abokan hulɗar direbobi. Al’adun taimakekeniyar sun kasance wani mizani da direbobi suke yin amfani da su, a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa ayyukan sufuri na zamani a rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa a wannan lokaci.

Muhimman Kalmomin Bincike: Direba; Sufuri; Sana’a; Taimakkekeniya

1.0 Gabatarwa

Sana’ar sufuri ta zamani sana’a ce da ta shafi direbobi da abokan aikinsu masu kamasho, da suke tafiyar da ayyukansu a mabambanta tashoshin motoci da wasu cibiyoyin gudanar da safarar kaya da mutane a cikin al’umma. Sana’ar sufuri na zamani ta ƙunshi duk wani nau’in direba da masu tafiyar da kamasho na kowane lungu da saƙo na ƙasar Hausa. Sana’ar ta samu ne ta hanyar maye gurbin sana’ar fatauci da dabbobi, wadda maduganci da fatoma suke jagoranta a cikin zanguna da kasuwanni da hanyoyin kurmi da sahara a bisa doron ƙasa. Duk da cewa sana’ar sufuri ta zamani ta samu ne a sakamakon karɓar tsarin sufurin da Hausawa suka yi daga hannun baƙi ‘Yan ƙasa wato al’ummar Yarabawa tun a shekarun 1920 (Ado, 2015, sh 2; Alfanda 2008, sh 3; Musa 2016, sh 2). Hakan bai kange direbobi da takwarorinsu ‘yan kamasho daga bunƙasa harkar ta yin amfani da wasu managarta ayyukan al’adun al’ummar Hausawa, a turbar samar da taimakekeniya a gurbun aiwatar da sana’ar ba.

A da, al’ummar Hausawa ta yi fice a wajen gudanar da ayyukan sufuri da dabbobi wanda ake kira da suna fatauci (Love Joy, 1980, sh. 102; Sa’id da wasu (editoci), 2006, sh. 13; Bakura & Sani, 2022, sh. 29-30). A wannan zamani, sana’ar direbanci da sana’ar kamasho sun maye wancan gurbi na sufuri da dabbobi da masana suka ambata ya wakana. Harkar da ta shafi tuƙin mota a cikinal’ummar Hausawa ta samu ne ta hannun baƙin al’ummu, kama daga Turawa zuwa ƙabilar Yarabawa (Ado, 2015, sh. 2). A wannan lokaci harkar tukin mota da aikin kamasho suna a matsayin wani ɓangare na sana’a da suke da matuƙar muhimmanci da Hausawa suke gudanarwa a rayuwarsu.

A cikin wannan takarda, an yi bayanin nau’ukan waɗannan ayyukan taimakekeniya da suke samuwa a ciki da wajen cibiyoyin gudanar da harkokin sufuri na zamani daga hannun direbobin da suke tafiyar da sana’ar, a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa harkar a wannan lokaci a cikin al’ummar Hausawa.

Babbar manufar gudanar da wannan bincike ita ce bayyana ire-iren taimakekeniyar da direbobi da masu sana’ar kamasho Hausawa suke aiwatarwa a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa sana’ar sufuri na zamani a wannan lokaci a ƙasar Hausa. Wata manufar ta shafi bayyana yadda ake gudanar da al’adun taimakekeniya a cikin harkar sufuri na zamani a wannan lokaci.

1.1 Waiwayen Ma’anonin Fitilun Kalmomi

a. Taimako da Gudummawa

Ma’anar na nufin agaji ko gudummawa (Sa’id da wasu (editoci), 2006, sh. 420). A inda gudummawar ke ganin al’amari ne da ya shafi taimaka wa juna a yayin tafiyar da rayuwar wani ko wasu a tsarin zamantakewa ta yau da kullum. ana’a tana nufin aikin da mutum yake yi a rayuwa don samun abinci (Sa’id da wasu (editoci), 2006, sh. 387). Gudummawar tana ganin sana’a a matsayin wani aiki ne halastacce ga ɗaukacin al’adu da al’ummun duniya, da ya shafi yin ƙoƙarin neman rufin asiri ta hanyar yin saye da sayarwa ko samar da wasu kayayyakin buƙatu na rayuwar al’umma.

b. Surufi

Sufurina nufin jigilar ɗaukar kaya daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri ana biya, musamman da dabbobi (Sa’id da wasu 2006, sh 395). Shi wannan aiki ya ke ganin al’amari ne da ya shafi jigilar ɗaukar kaya da mutane ta amfanin da kayayyakin gudanar da sufuri na daga dabbobi da abubuwan hawa na zamani a rayuwa.

c. Direba

Kalmar “direba” suna ne da ake amfani da ita a fagen gudanar da aikin sufurin mota a ƙasar Hausa. Hakazalika, al’amari ne da ya samu assasuwa tun daga bayyanar sababbin hanyoyin gudanar da sufuri a tsarin rayuwa da zamantakewar Hausawa (Alfanda 2008, sh. 3; Musa 2016, sh. 2). Direba shi ne matuƙin abin hawa, musamman mota. Aikinsa ya shafi jigilar mutane (fasinjoji) daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri.

1.2 Hanyoyin Gudanar da Bincike

An yi amfani da wasu ayyukan masana da manazarta da suka shafi aikin ta hanyar tattaunawa da wasu mutane da karantowa daga wasu rubutattun bayanai da kuma ta hanyar gani da ido a lokacin da aka ziyarci tashoshin motocin da direbobin suke gudanar da sana’arsu.

An ɗora nazarin a bisa Ra’in Haɗin kan Sassan Al’umma, watau Ra’in Zumuntar Sassan Ayyukan Al’umma (Consensus Theory of Culture). Emile Durkheim ne ya kasance mutumin da ya assasa Ra’in a shekarun 1792 zuwa 1793. Daga cikin magoya bayan Ra’in akwai Auguste Comte (1898 – 1957). Dangane da cikin gida kuwa, akwai magoya bayan Ra’in da suka haɗa da Ado, 2025, sh. 22, Nalado 2025, sh. 3).

Manufar Ra’in Zumuntar Sassan Al’umma ita ce, tabbatar da samun jituwa da ɗorewar zaman lafiya da taimakon juna cikin walwala a tsakanin mutane ko al’umma, domin su rayu a matsayin tsintsiya ɗaya, ta fuskar samar da haɗinkai da taimakon juna a tsakaninsu.

A fannin Hausa manazarta al’adun Hausawa, akwai Bishir Aliyu Sallau (2010), wanda ya wallafa wani aikinsa mai suna Wanzanci da Muhimmancinsa ga Rayuwar Al’umma, wanda a ciki aka tattauna a kan ayyukantaimakon al’umma na wanzanci.

Dangantakar ra’in da aikin a bayyane take, idan aka yi duba da manufarsa da kuma taken wannan nazari da aka gudanar. Duba da cewar nazari ne da ya shafi ayyukan al’adun taimakekeniya a cikin sana’ar sufuri na zamani a ƙasar Hausa. Shi kuma ra’in, yana magana ne a kan ayyukan zumuntar sassan al’umma a rayuwa. Ra’in yana kallon al’umma a matsayin wadda take da sassa daban-daban waɗanda suke gudanar da zumantakewa a tare ta hanyar taimakon juna.

2.0 Taimakekeniyar Direbobi a Wajen Bunƙasa Sana’ar Sufuri ta Zamani

Wasu ayyukan taimakekeniyar direbobi Hausawa ne da suke aiwatarwa a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa sana’ar sufuri ta zamani a wannan lokaci. Gudummawar ta taƙaita ga wasu fitattun gurabun samar da taimakekeniyar da suka haɗa da:

2.1 Taimakekeniya a Cikin Tashoshin Mota da Cibiyoyin Sufuri

Ayyukan taimakekeniya ne da direbobi suke aiwatarwa a tsakaninsu a cikin tashoshin mota a faɗin ƙasar Hausa a wannan lokaci. Al’adun taimakekeniyar sun kasance kamar haka:

2.1.1 Taimakekeniya Yayin [1]Zaman Joko

Taimakekeniya ce ta bayar da kuɗi ko abinci ko wasu kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwa ga abokan hulɗa a sanadiyar rashin aikin yi. Zaman Joko al’amari ne da ya shafi zama wuri ɗaya da direba ko direbobi Hausawa suke yi idan babu aiki, a sakamakon wasu ayyanannun dalilai. Kalmar Joko a asalinta kalmar Yarabanci ce. Hausawa direbobi suke amfani da ita a ƙoƙarinsu na bayyana zaman da suke yi babu mota a hannunsu na wani keɓantaccen lokaci. Bayanin bai kasance da mamaki ba, sakamakon al’ummar Yarabawa su suka kawo sana’ar tuƙin mota ko direbanci a faɗin ƙasar Hausa kamar yadda ya gabata a cikin gudummawar (Ado, 2015 sh. 2).

Taimakekeniya ce da ba ta bar kowane direban da yake aikin tuƙin mota a ƙasar Hausa ba, tun daga lokutan da suka shuɗe har bisa ga wannan lokaci. Aikin yana ganin wannan yanayi na al’adar zaman joko a matsayin wani yanayi mai matuƙar muhimmanci a rayuwar direbobi Hausawa. Kasancewa al’amari ne da ya shafi kowane direba a lokutan da suka shuɗe har bisa ga wannan lokaci.

 Dangane da wannan ƙauli ga abin da Dr. Mamman Shata yake cewa a wannan gaɓa ta ayyukan da suka shafi ɗabi’u da al’adun direbobi Hausawa:

 Jagora: Allah jiƙan direba im ba mota!

 Allah jiƙanka Bawa baban Binta ƙanen Ali.

 (Dr. Mamman Shata Katsina, Waƙar Bawa direba, Jagora na 7).

Nazarin ya kasa ayyukan al’adar ya zuwa rukunai uku. Duba da yanayin faruwar ayyukan taimakekeniyar da mutanen da aikin ya ginu a game da su suke gudanarwa a tsakaninsu.

2.1.2 Taimakekeniyar Zaman Joko na Gyara

Ayyukan taimakekeniya ne da ake aiwatarwa a tsakanin direbobi Hausawa da abokanan hulɗarsu, a tashoshin mota da wasu muhallan gudanar da sufuri a faɗin ƙasar Hausa. A yayin da direba ya samu gyara ga motarsa, musamman gyara na inji, a irin wannan yanayi ne direban da yake da gyaran inji ko wani gyara mai buƙatar dole sai an gudanar da shi kafin a ci gaba dayin aiki da motar. Za ya kasance ba za ya iya fita aiki da motarsa ba har sai ya gyara matsalar. A wannan gaɓa ce abokanansa za su taimaki direban da aron kuɗaɗe domin ya gudanar da gyaran motarsa ko kuma in sun dawo daga aiki su taimaka masa da wasu ‘yan kuɗaɗe domin ya samu sauƙin ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukan da suka shafi ciyar da iyalansa. Direban da ya samu wannan taimako shi ma za ya maida buki a lokacin da buƙatar hakan ta taso idan yana da wadata.[2]

Takardar na ganin al’adar a matsayin wata kafa ce da ta bunƙasa al’ummar Hausawa ta hanyar wannan tsarin sana’a ta sufuri na zamani.

2.1.3 Taimakekeniyar Zaman Joko na Rashin Aiki

Al’amari ne da yake faruwa ga mafi yawa daga cikin direbobi a ƙasar Hausawa. Ayyukan taimakon yawanci suna faruwa ne a lokaci damina ga direbobin karkara, da masu aiki a tsakanin wasu manya da ƙananan garuruwa na ƙasar Hausa. A wannan lokaci, mutane ba su faye yin zirga-zirga ba. A sakamakon sun mayar da hankalinsu ga hidimar neman abinci a gonakinsu. A irin wannan gaɓa, direbobin da suke da wata dama, ko suka samu sa’ar yin lodin kaya zuwa wani gari, suna taimakon junansu da kyautar kuɗi ko bashin kuɗi da sauran kayan da suka jiɓanci buƙatun rayuwa na yau da kullum. Su kuwa direbobin da aka arawa kuɗin za su biya bashin da suka karɓa idan sun samu wadata, ko aiki ya ci gaba da samuwa a lokacin kaka. A irin wannan yanayi, hatta direban da ba Bahaushe ba yana samun wannan taimako a tsakanin direbobi Hausawa da suke gudanar da aiki a tare. Hakan ne ya sa nazarin yake ganin tsarin al’adar ya kasance tamkar wani mabuɗi na ƙofar samar da cigaba tare da bunƙasa wannan sana’a a cikin al’ummar Hausawa a yau.[3]

2.1.4 Taimakekeniyar Zaman Joko mai Nasaba da Ayyukan Hukuma

Direbobi Hausawa suna aiwatar da wannan nau’in al’ada a yayin da hukuma ta kafa dokar taƙaita zirga-zirgar jama’a na wasu kwanaki ko lokutta a gari ko yankin da aka samu wasu matsaloli da suke da alaƙa da tashin hankali. Ko wasu ayyukan da suke buƙatar taƙaita zirga-zirgar jama’a kamar tsaftace muhalli na ƙarshen wata da kamar lokutan ƙidaya ko zaɓe da makamantansu. A irin wannan hali, direbobin kan samu kansu a cikin halin ƙaƙa-ni-ka-yi a fagen rayuwarsu. Sakamon ayyukan sufuri ba za su yiwu ba. A gefe guda kuma, hidimominsu na yau- da- kullum na iyali suna nan. Hakan ne yake sanya wasu daga cikin abokana hulɗarsu suke taimakon abokanasu da suka samu kansu a halin takura, a sakamakon dokar da hukuma ta saka wa al’umma na taƙaita zirga-zirgar jama’a.[4]

3.0 Taimakekeniya a Kan Hanyoyin Zuwa wasu Garuruwa

Ayyukan taimako ne da direbobi Hausawa suke bayarwa a lokacin da suke cikin halin tafiya a ciki da wajen ƙasar Hausa. A ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa wannan sana’a ta sufurin zamani a cikin al’ummar Hausawa. Fasalin tsarin taimakekeniyar a wannan gaɓa, an nazarce su ta fuskoki biyu da suka haɗa da:

3.1 Taimakekeniyar Tafiya a Cikin Tawaga (Kwamba)

Muhimmin abin da yake faruwa a wannan gaɓa shi ne, direba da sauran danginsa direbobi da sukan haɗu a bisa manya da ƙananan hanyoyi a yayin gudanar da sufuri a wasu lokutta sukan haɗu da barazanar ɓarayi a bisahanyoyi. Al’adar kwamba al’ada ce wadda direbobin suke gudanarwa a a ƙoƙarinsu na samar da taimakekeniya ta hanyar tafiya a cikin ayari da nufin fasa tawagar ɓarayi ko masu ayyukan ta’addanci.

Muhimmin abin da yake faruwa a game da gudanar da wannan al’ada shi ne, da zaran direba ya fahimci akwai ɓarayi a bisa hanya (masu fashi da makami), yana dakatawa da yin tafiya. Direban za ya ci gaba da tsayar da duk wasu direbobin da za su wuce, har sai sun yi yawa. A lokacin ne za su tafi a cikin ƙungiyarsu (kwamba), su fasa taron ɓarayin don su sama wa kansu hanya.[5]

Nazarin yana ganin wannan tsarin a matsayin wata muhimmiyar al’ada ta taimakekeniya da direbobi Hausawa suke aiwatarwa a wajen muhallan tashoshi da kan taimaki al’umu daban-daban a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa sana’arsu ta sufurin zamani a wannan lokaci.

3.2. Taimakekeniya Tsakanin Direba da Direba

Al’amarin taimakekeniya ne da yake wakana a tsakanin direbobi Hausawa a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa sana’ar sufuri ta zamani, da kuma taimakon junansu. Taimakekeniyar na gudana ne ta fuskoki biyu da suka shafi:

3.2.1 Taimakekeniyar Samar da Aikin Sojan Haya

Taimakekeniyar samar da aikin Sojan haya al’adar taimakon juna ce da ta shafi direbobi a fagen tuƙin mota. Al’adar ta shafi bayar da aron mota ga wani mutum da ba direbanta ne na asali ba, da nufin ya samu abinci ya kuma kawo wa maimotar wani ɗan abin ƙara mai. A wasu lokutan, mutumin da aka ba sojan hayar ba yakan kawo komai ga mai motar ba. Sai dai shi zai ɗauki nauyin zuba wa motar mai ya sami abin da ya samu. Wannan al’ada ta fi gudana ne a cikin rukunin direbobin da suke gudanar da ayyukan sufurinsu a cikin manyan garuruwa na ƙasar Hausa. Ma’ana direbobin da suke zirga-zirga a cikin gari suna hidimta wa al’umma. Direbobin tasi da ‘yan bas sun kasance waɗanda wannan al’amarin ya fi shafa a rayuwa. Bisa ga al’ada, ana aiwatar da wannan tsari ne a cikin wasu taƙaitattun awoyi. Bayan da mai motar ya tashi daga aiki, ko ya gaji ko yana da wata hidima a ranar, maimakon ya ajiye motar hakanan sai ya taimaki wani abokinsa da bisa al’adar direbobi ake kira da laƙabin yana ƙasa. Ma’ana, babu motar da yake aiki da ita a hannunsa domin ya samu na cefane a ranar. Shi kuma zai karɓa tare da kiyayewa da dukkanin wani abu na rashin daidai a harkar.[6]

Matakan aiwatar da wannan al’ada a tsakanin direbobi Hausawa sun kasance, a samu rashin motar aiki ga wani mutum da yake neman abinci ta wannan hanya. Sai kuma a samu amicewa tare da yarjejeniyar da za ta ƙayyade lokacin amsa da kuma lokacin da za a maido motar da aka amsa. Sai samun tabbacin za a kula da motar ta fuskar gyara da kiyayewa da ƙa’idojin tuƙi. A wasu lokutta kuma ana kallon wasu siffofi na mutumin da za a ba sojan hayar da suke da nasaba da halittar jikinsa.[7]

Ayyukan al’adun Hausawa da suka shafi wannan gaɓa sun kasance a gurabun ayyukan camfin Hausawa, sakamakon mutanen da suke da cassa a ƙafafuwansu da kuma waɗanda aka ayyana suna da rariyar hannu ba a kan ba su aron mota a wannan sigar ba. Kasancewar direbobin da suke da wannan fahimta, suna ayyana cewar idan aka ba mutumin da yake da cassa a ƙafafunsa, to ƙafafuwan motar da yake hawa ba za su yi nagarta ba. Shi kuma mutunen da yake da rariyar hannu ana zargin su da cewar duk abin da suka taɓa ba za ya yi albarka ba.[8]

3.2.2 Taimakekeniyar Ɗaukar Safiya Direba

Taimako ne wanda wasu rukunin direbobi da suka kasance suna gudanar da ayyukansu na sufuri a wajen ƙasar Hausa, suke aiwatarwa. Direbobin sukan ɗauki wani mutumin da suka aminta da shi ko abokinsu ya yi masu rakiya. Idan direban motar na asali ya gaji da tuƙi, wannan direban da aka ɗauko da nufin ya taimaka za ya amshi ragamar tuƙin motar. Daga bisani, za a sallame shi ta hanyar ba shi wasu kuɗaɗe da wani cefane ya kai wa iyalansa.[9]

Yin wannan al’ada ta taimakekeniya a wannan gaɓa, na a matsayin wata kafa ta bunƙasa wannan sana’a ta sufurin zamani a al’ummar Hausawa.

4.0 Taimakekeniya a Sanadiyyar Lalacewar Mota

Kasancewar Bahaushe a matsayin mutum mai kimtsattsen tunani a fagen gudanar da rayuwa, kuma mutum ne mai tausayi da sanin ya kamata a tsarin zamantakewa (Bunza, 2013, sh. 2; Sallau 2015, sh. 25), ya taimaka wajen samuwa da kuma ɗorewar irin wannan muhimmiyar al’ada a fagen sufuri a tsakanin direbobi Hausawa.

Al’adar ta yi tattalin taimakawa da ɗaukacin kayan gyara da direbobi suke yin amfani da su,

samman taya da Jark da fuwelfam da hambel. A irin wannan hali, za a tarar direbobi suna tafiya da wasu daga cikin nau’oin kayan gyara a lokutan sufuri domin ko da gyara za ya same su a daji ko ya sami wani za a rufa wa kai asiri.[10]

Nazarin yana ganin al’adar a matsayin muhimmiya da take taimakawa matuƙa wajen ceto rayuwa da dukiyoyin matafiya, musamman a irin wannan lokaci da al’ummar Hausawa take fama da ayyukan ta’addanci. A wasu lokuta idan an samu gyara ko ƙarewar mai ga mota kafin a gyara matsalar sai ‘yan ta’adda su zo su kora mutane daji sai sun biya kuɗaɗen fansa. Wasu ma kashe su ake yi a wannan gaɓa. Wannan matsalar ce a yau ta haifar da ƙauracewa daga bin wasu hanyoyin mota a hukumance a ɓangaren wasu jahohi da suka shafi aikin nan.[11]

5.0 Ayyukan Taimakekeniya na Tarayya

Ayyukan taimakekeniya ne waɗanda suke faruwa a tsakanin direbobi da ‘yan kamasho, ta yadda kowane daga cikinsu za ya iya taimakon ɗan’uwansa duk dai a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa wannan sana’a a yau. Aikin ya taƙaita a kan wasu gurabu masu alaƙa da:

5.1 Taimakekeniya a Fagen Hikimomi da Dabarun Tafiyar da Rayuwa

Ayyukan taimakekeniya ne na tarayya a tsakanin direbobi da ‘yan kamasho, ta fuskar yin amfani da wasu hikimomi da dabarun tafiyar da rayuwa a yayin gudanar da hulɗa ko zamantakewa da al’umma. A ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa wannan sana’ar a ƙasar Hausa, mutanen da abin ya shafa sukan faɗakar da masu tasowa a cikin sana’ar dabarun sanin makamar aiki da wasu managarta shawarwari, musamman ga abin da ya shafi kare mutuncin al’umma da rayukansu a lokacin sufuri.[12]

5.2 Taimakekeniya a Sanadiyyar Samuwar Haɗari ko Mutuwa

A iri wannan hali, direbobi da takwarorinsu masu kamasho suna haɗa hannu a wajen tallafawa direban da ya rasa mota a sanadiyyar haɗari. Haka kuma suna taimakawa a wajen aurar da ‘ya’yan wani direba ko maikamasho abokin hulɗa da ya rasu, duk a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa wannan sana’a da kyautata wa juna a yayin aiwatar da ita.[13]

6.0 Taimakekeniya a Garabun Wasu Ayyukan Al’ada

A ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa sana’ar sufuri na zamani, direbobi Hausawa suna gudanar da wasu ayyukan taimakekeniya a tsakaninsu da suka shafi wasu muhimman al’adun ɗan’adam da suka haɗa da:

6.1 Taimakekeniya a Sanadiyyar Aure

Direbobi da masu kamasho suna taimakon junansu a kan kowane nau’in auren da ya keɓanta da su kama daga auren fari da auren garari da auren gadara da auren murhu da kuma auren rufe ƙofa. Gudummawar ta fahimci mutanen da abin ya shafa suna taimakon junansu a wajen gudanar da bukin kowane nau’in aure daga cikin aure-auren da suka jinginu ga mutane, musamman ga ayyukan auren gadara da auren cike murhu.[14]

6.2 Taimakekeniyar Ƙafa ta Ƙaƙa-Ni-Ka-Yi

Ƙafa ta Ƙa-ƙa-Ni-Ka Yi, taimakekeniya ce a tsakanin direbobi Hausawa. Al’adar tana samuwa ne ta sigar yanayin faruwar al’amura a lokacin sufuri. Muhimmin abin da kan faru a yayin aiwatar da wannan al’ada shi ne, idan direba ya ɗauki mutane ko kaya da nufin ya kai su wani gari ba tare da yana da wadataccen jari na kuɗin da za ya zuba wa motarsa mai ba. A irin wannan hali, idan direba ya yi amfani da kuɗaɗen da ya samu daga lodi ya zuba mai ko ya yi wata buƙata ta daban gabanin ya kai kayan ko mutanen garin da za su je, sai aka samu ƙarewar mai ga motarsa ko wani gyara.

 A wannan gaɓa, direban da abin ya shafa yakan kasance masa ba shi da kuɗaɗen da zai canza musu wata mota ko ya bayar da juyensu ga wani direba. A gefe guda kuma mutanen da ya ɗauko ba za su fahimci matsalar ba. Idan kuma kayan da ya ɗauko kaya ne da suke buƙatar a kai su da wuri (gwari) don kwauce wa lalacewa, a nan ne al’adar ke yin tasiri ga direbobin da abin ya shafa.

A gefe guda kuma, direban da aka yiwa wannan taimako shi ma za ya taimaka wa wani direban da ya sami kansa a irin wannan yanayi idan ya buƙaci taimakon. Nazarin ya fahimci wannan al’ada an fi gudanar da ita a yayin sufurin da ya shafi manya da ƙananan garuruwa da suke a cikin ƙasar Hausa, kuma al’adar hanya ce ta bunƙasa sana’ar sufuri zamani a cikin al’ummar Hausawa a wannan lokaci.

7.0 Kammalawa

Haƙiƙa al’adun taimakekeniya a tsakanin direbobi sun kasance jigo ko ƙashin bayan ɗorewa da kuma bunƙasar harkokin da suka shafi sana’ar sufuri ta zamani a cikin al’ummar Hausawa a yau. Gudummawar ta gano direbobi na aiwatar da ayyukan da suka kasance taimakekeniya ne ga matafiya da abokan hulɗa a bisa hanya ko a cikin tashoshin mota da ɗaukacin cibiyoyin gudanar da ayyukan sufuri na zamani.

A ɓangare ɗaya kuwa, sana’ar sufuri ta zamani a cikin al’ummar Hausawa tana tattare da managarta al’adun da suka ginu a gurabun taimakekeniya tsakanin matafiya da abokan hulɗar direbobi da kuma wasu ayyukan taimakekeniya da ake gudanarwa na tarayya a tsakanin direbobi da masu kamasho a rayuwar.  Al’adun taimakekeniyar sun kasance wani mizani da direbobi suke yin amfani da su a ƙoƙarinsu na bunƙasa ayyukan sufurin zamani a rayuwar al’ummar Hausawa ta wannan lokaci.

Manazarta

Ado, A. (2015). Sana’ar tuƙin babbar mota a Katsina (Conference paper). Sashen Nazarin Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua.

Ado, A. (2017). Ra’o’in bincike kan al’adun Hausawa. Kanki Classical Media Enterprises.

Ado, A. (2025). Falsafar ra’i da karin magana a faifan nazarin ɗora al’adun Hausawa kan ra’oin bincike. Kundin Laccar Ɗalibai Masu Nazari a kan Ra’o’in Al’adun Hausawa, Sashen Harsunan Nijeriya, Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua.

Alfanda, A. A. (2008). Rubuce-rubuce a jikin motocin sufuri a Birnin Kano da kewaye: Manufarsu da matsayinsu ga al’umma (Kundin digiri na farko). Jami’ar Bayero.

Alhassan, H., Musa, I., & Zarruƙ, M. R. (1982). Zaman Hausawa. Islamic Publications Bureau.

Bakura, A. R., & Sani, A-U. (2022). Ƙabilu a tunanin Bahaushe: Duba cikin labaran barkwanci. Sarcouncil Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 1(1), 27–32.

Bunza, A. M. (2013). Hutawa ka alewa, mangyaɗa ka tuyar ƙosai: Barazanar yanayi da lokaci a kan al’adun Hausawa (Conference paper). Taron Ƙara wa Juna Sani na Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Taɓarɓarewar Al’adun Hausawa, Jami’ar Umaru Musa Yar’adua.

Lobejoy, P. E. (1980). The caravan of kola: The Hausa kola trade, 1700–1900 (p. 11). University Press Limited.

Musa, A. (2017). Gudummawar direbobin manyan motoci a al’ummar Hausawa a ƙarni na ashirin da ɗaya. Jagora: Journal of Hausa Studies, 1(1), 215–222.

Musa, D. A. (2016). Al’adun Hausawa a cikin karin magana (Kundin digiri na farko). Jami’ar Bayero.

Sa’id, B., et al. (2006). Ƙamusun Hausa na Jami’ar Bayero. Ahmadu Bello University Press.

Sallau, B. A. (2015). Wanzanci da matsayinsa na al’ada da sana’a a Ƙasar Hausa (Kundin digiri na biyu). Jami’ar Bayero.

Sani, A. B. (2014). The mercantile landscape of Northern Katsina Emirate, 1805–1954 (PhD thesis). Bayero University.

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[1] An samo kalmar ne daga harshen Yarabanci, ta na nufin yanayin zama ne da direbobi suke yi a sakamakon rashin aikin yi ta wasu dalilai a wani lokaci.

[2] Hira da Garba Direba a Ranar 23/3/24, Tashar Motar Garin Kankia, Jihar Katsina

[3] Hira da Nura Direba Macika ranar 24/4/24, ƙaramar Hukumar Faskari Jihar Katsina

[4] Sani Direba Kafinsoli, 12/11/24, Tashar motar garin Kafinsoli Jihar Katsina

[5] Hira da Nura Mancho, 21/6/ 2024, direba a tashar Rijiyar Zaki Kano

[6] Mani Ɗakwara, 10/01/2024, direba a Tashar mota da take a garin Mai’aduwa

[7] Hira da Nura Mancho, 21/6/ 2024, direba a tashar Rijiyar Zaki Kano

[8] Hira da Nura Mancho, 21/6/ 2024, direba a tashar Rijiyar Zaki Kano

[9] Hira da Nura Mancho, 21/6/ 2024, direba a tashar Rijiyar Zaki Kano

[10] Garba Direba, 10/10/24: Kankiya

[11] Garba direba, 10/10/24: Kankia

[12] Hira da Alhaji Maihubbare Gusau ta Jihar Zamfara. A Ranar 11 /05/ 2024

[13] Hira da Alhaji Maihubbare Gusau 11 /05/ 2024

[14] Rabe Bega Direba, 10/5/23. Hira: Tsahar motar Kankia a Jihar Katsina